şoh
/ʃox/ · plural şohla
Balkar spelling: şuyoh
1. friend, close companion, comrade, intimate friend — Also used as a form of address: şohum "my friend!".
- jan şoh — a bosom friend
- tatlı şoh — a close friend
- ala bek şohdula — they are great friends
- şoh bolurğa — to become friends
- şohum! — my friend!
- aşhı şoh qıyın künde tanılır — a good friend is recognized in hard days
- şohu köb bolğannı küçü köbdü — one who has many friends has great strength
- şohuna tüzlük etgen nasıblı bolur — one who is true to his friend will be happy
2. friendly, amicable; close-knit
- şoh qral — a friendly country
- şoh honşula — close-knit neighbors
3. supporter, adherent one source
- Sovet Soyuznu şohları — supporters of the Soviet Union
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | şohthe friend | şohummy friend | şohuŋyour friend | şohuhis friend | şohubuzour friend | şohuğuzyou all's friend | şohlarıtheir friends |
| Genitive | şohnuthe friend's | şohumumy friend's | şohuŋuyour friend's | şohunuhis friend's | şohubuznuour friend's | şohuğuznuyou all's friend's | şohlarınıtheir friends' |
| Accusative | şohnuthe friend (as the object) | şohumumy friend (as the object) | şohuŋuyour friend (as the object) | şohunhis friend (as the object) | şohubuznuour friend (as the object) | şohuğuznuyou all's friend (as the object) | şohlarıntheir friends (as the object) |
| Dative | şohhato the friend | şohumato my friend | şohuŋato your friend | şohunato his friend | şohubuzğato our friend | şohuğuzğato you all's friend | şohlarınato their friends |
| Locative | şohdain / at the friend | şohumdain / at my friend | şohuŋdain / at your friend | şohundain / at his friend | şohubuzdain / at our friend | şohuğuzdain / at you all's friend | şohlarındain / at their friends |
| Ablative | şohdanfrom the friend | şohumdanfrom my friend | şohuŋdanfrom your friend | şohundanfrom his friend | şohubuzdanfrom our friend | şohuğuzdanfrom you all's friend | şohlarındanfrom their friends |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | şohlathe friends | şohlarımmy friends | şohlarıŋyour friends | şohlarıhis friends | şohlarıbızour friends | şohlarığızyou all's friends | şohlarıtheir friends |
| Genitive | şohlanıthe friends' | şohlarımımy friends' | şohlarıŋıyour friends' | şohlarınıhis friends' | şohlarıbıznıour friends' | şohlarığıznıyou all's friends' | şohlarınıtheir friends' |
| Accusative | şohlanıthe friends (as the object) | şohlarımımy friends (as the object) | şohlarıŋıyour friends (as the object) | şohlarınhis friends (as the object) | şohlarıbıznıour friends (as the object) | şohlarığıznıyou all's friends (as the object) | şohlarıntheir friends (as the object) |
| Dative | şohlağato the friends | şohlarımato my friends | şohlarıŋato your friends | şohlarınato his friends | şohlarıbızğato our friends | şohlarığızğato you all's friends | şohlarınato their friends |
| Locative | şohladain / at the friends | şohlarımdain / at my friends | şohlarıŋdain / at your friends | şohlarındain / at his friends | şohlarıbızdain / at our friends | şohlarığızdain / at you all's friends | şohlarındain / at their friends |
| Ablative | şohladanfrom the friends | şohlarımdanfrom my friends | şohlarıŋdanfrom your friends | şohlarındanfrom his friends | şohlarıbızdanfrom our friends | şohlarığızdanfrom you all's friends | şohlarındanfrom their friends |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: şohları can mean "his / her friends", "their friend", or "their friends" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | şohnuquthe friend's one | şohnuqulathe friend's ones | şohlanıqıthe friends' one | şohlanıqılathe friends' ones |
| Genitive | şohnuqunuof the friend's one | şohnuqulanıof the friend's ones | şohlanıqınıof the friends' one | şohlanıqılanıof the friends' ones |
| Accusative | şohnuqunthe friend's one (as the object) | şohnuqulanıthe friend's ones (as the object) | şohlanıqınthe friends' one (as the object) | şohlanıqılanıthe friends' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | şohnuqunato the friend's one | şohnuqulağato the friend's ones | şohlanıqınato the friends' one | şohlanıqılağato the friends' ones |
| Locative | şohnuqundain / at the friend's one | şohnuquladain / at the friend's ones | şohlanıqındain / at the friends' one | şohlanıqıladain / at the friends' ones |
| Ablative | şohnuqundanfrom the friend's one | şohnuquladanfrom the friend's ones | şohlanıqındanfrom the friends' one | şohlanıqıladanfrom the friends' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.