ız
/ɯz/ · plural ızla
1. track, footprint, trail, mark left by something moving
- ayaq ız — a footprint
- at ayaq ız — a horse's track
- maşinanı ızı — the track of a car
- bılayda bir ayaq ızla bardıla — there are some footprints here
- bılayda ız tanılmaydı — the track is not visible here
- ızın tabarğa — to find the trail
- arbanı ızı bla barsaŋ, tabarıqsa — if you go along the cart's track, you will find it
2. the space behind someone or something, rear — Mostly used with case endings: ızından means "behind, after" (ala bizni ızıbızdan keledile "they are coming behind us"), and ızı bla means "following, afterward". one source
- ala bizni ızıbızdan keledile — they are coming behind us
- atlı ızımdan jetdi — a rider caught up from behind me
- alğa sen, ızı bla men — first you, then me
3. trace, remnant, vestige of something now gone
- ızı da qalmağandı — not even a trace remained
- uruşnu ızı açıq eslene başladı — the traces of the war began to be clearly noticed
- uruşnu ızı bügün da körünedi — the trace of the war is still visible today
- ol halqını jüreginde ızın qoyğandı — he left his trace in the heart of his people
4. imprint, impression, mark left by contact one source
- barmaqnı ızı — the imprint of a finger
- qağıtda barmaq ızla qalğandıla — finger marks were left on the paper
- jumuşaq topuraqda ızı teren qaldı — its imprint stayed deep in the soft soil
5. line, stroke, notch, scratch on a surface — Also used for a sewn seam (iyne ız).
- tırnalğan ız — a scratch
- iyne ız — a seam, a line of stitching
- tikgen ız — a seam
- ustaz qağıtda qızıl ız tartdı — the teacher drew a red line on the paper
- ağaçda teren ızla körünedile — deep notches are visible on the wood
- jaŋı ıznı qalamım bla tartama — I am drawing the new line with my pen
6. riverbed, river channel
- suw ızı — the bed of a river
- suw ızında — by the river
- suw ızına barayıq — let's go to the river
- suw ızı jayda qurub qaladı — the riverbed dries up in summer
- suwnu ızı mında teren boladı — the channel of the river is deep here
7. floodplain one source
- suw ızında köb terek ösedi — many trees grow on the floodplain of the river
- mal suw ızda otlaydı — the livestock graze on the river flats
- jazda suw ıznı basadı — in spring the water floods the plain
8. example, model to follow one source
- ustazımı ızında barama — I follow in my teacher's footsteps
- aladan bir ız alayım — let me take an example from them
- qalğan jaşlağa ız edi — was an example to the other young men
- atalarıbıznı ızlarından barabız — we follow the example of our fathers
- jaşlağa ol igi ız qoyğandı — he left the young men a good example
9. custom, tradition, inherited practice one source
- atalarıbızdan kelgen ıznı qoymaybız — we do not abandon the custom that came from our fathers
- toy eski ız bla bardırıladı — the wedding is held according to the old custom
- ol ıznı ata-babala qoyğandıla — the forefathers left that tradition
10. communication line, power line
- telefon ız — a telephone line
- radio em telefon ızla tartıw — running radio and telephone lines
- telefon ızla elge jetgendile — the telephone lines have reached the village
- elge tok ız tartılğandı — a power line has been run to the village
- ız üzülüb, jarıq juqlandı — the line broke and the light went out
11. railway track, tram track one source
- oram bla eki ız baradı — two tracks run along the street
- temir jol ızla uzaqğa sozuladıla — the railway tracks stretch far away
- işçile jaŋı temir ız saladıla — the workers are laying a new railway track
12. strip of land, belt of woodland one source
- ağaç ız — a belt of woodland
- çeget ız — a strip of woodland
- sabannı qıyırında çeget ız bardı — there is a belt of woodland at the edge of the field
- ız jolnu eki janında baradı — the strip runs along both sides of the road
Expressions
- ayıwnu köre turğanlay, ızın ızlarğa — miss the obvious
- ızı qalın bolsun — many more such
- ızından tüşerge — trail someone
- qol ız — personal touch; handwriting
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ızthe track | ızımmy track | ızıŋyour track | ızıhis track | ızıbızour track | ızığızyou all's track | ızlarıtheir tracks |
| Genitive | ıznıthe track's | ızımımy track's | ızıŋıyour track's | ızınıhis track's | ızıbıznıour track's | ızığıznıyou all's track's | ızlarınıtheir tracks' |
| Accusative | ıznıthe track (as the object) | ızımımy track (as the object) | ızıŋıyour track (as the object) | ızınhis track (as the object) | ızıbıznıour track (as the object) | ızığıznıyou all's track (as the object) | ızlarıntheir tracks (as the object) |
| Dative | ızğato the track | ızımato my track | ızıŋato your track | ızınato his track | ızıbızğato our track | ızığızğato you all's track | ızlarınato their tracks |
| Locative | ızdain / at the track | ızımdain / at my track | ızıŋdain / at your track | ızındain / at his track | ızıbızdain / at our track | ızığızdain / at you all's track | ızlarındain / at their tracks |
| Ablative | ızdanfrom the track | ızımdanfrom my track | ızıŋdanfrom your track | ızındanfrom his track | ızıbızdanfrom our track | ızığızdanfrom you all's track | ızlarındanfrom their tracks |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ızlathe tracks | ızlarımmy tracks | ızlarıŋyour tracks | ızlarıhis tracks | ızlarıbızour tracks | ızlarığızyou all's tracks | ızlarıtheir tracks |
| Genitive | ızlanıthe tracks' | ızlarımımy tracks' | ızlarıŋıyour tracks' | ızlarınıhis tracks' | ızlarıbıznıour tracks' | ızlarığıznıyou all's tracks' | ızlarınıtheir tracks' |
| Accusative | ızlanıthe tracks (as the object) | ızlarımımy tracks (as the object) | ızlarıŋıyour tracks (as the object) | ızlarınhis tracks (as the object) | ızlarıbıznıour tracks (as the object) | ızlarığıznıyou all's tracks (as the object) | ızlarıntheir tracks (as the object) |
| Dative | ızlağato the tracks | ızlarımato my tracks | ızlarıŋato your tracks | ızlarınato his tracks | ızlarıbızğato our tracks | ızlarığızğato you all's tracks | ızlarınato their tracks |
| Locative | ızladain / at the tracks | ızlarımdain / at my tracks | ızlarıŋdain / at your tracks | ızlarındain / at his tracks | ızlarıbızdain / at our tracks | ızlarığızdain / at you all's tracks | ızlarındain / at their tracks |
| Ablative | ızladanfrom the tracks | ızlarımdanfrom my tracks | ızlarıŋdanfrom your tracks | ızlarındanfrom his tracks | ızlarıbızdanfrom our tracks | ızlarığızdanfrom you all's tracks | ızlarındanfrom their tracks |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: ızları can mean "his / her tracks", "their track", or "their tracks" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.