ürenirge
/yrenirɡe/
Balkar spelling: üyrenirge
1. learn, study — The thing learned is in the dative case.
- tilge ürenirge — to learn a language
- oqurğa ürenirge — to learn to read
- jırlarğa ürenirge — to learn to sing
- jaŋı zatha ürenirge — to learn new things
- ol oqurğa ürenŋendi — he has learned to read
- jazıwğa ürenirge — to learn to write
- sen nege ürenese? — what are you learning?
- Orus tilge ürenirge — to learn Russian
2. get used to, grow accustomed to
- jaŋı halğa ürenirge — to get used to a new situation
- jaŋı işge ürenirge — to get used to new work
- amanŋa ürenirge — to pick up bad habits
- juqlarğa ürenŋen adam — a person used to sleeping
- tınçlıqğa ürenŋen kişi — a man used to comfort
- ürenib qalırğa — to grow accustomed
3. train, practice
- çabarğa ürenirge — to train at running
- şkok atarğa ürenirge — to practice shooting
- ol har kün ürenedi — he practices every day
- ürenib turğan — trained
4. fall into the habit of, take to — Usually said of something others disapprove of, done again and again. one source
- sürüwge bir börü ürenŋendi — a wolf has taken to the flock
- araqığa ürenirge — to take to drink
- tütünŋe ürenirge — to take to smoking
Conjugation
Common forms
- ürenedihe is learning something
- ürendihe learned something
- ürenŋendihe has learned something
- ürenirhe will learn something
- ürennikdihe is going to learn something
- ürene edihe was learning something
- ürenseif he learns something
- üren!learn something!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürenemeI am learning something | senüreneseyou are learning something | olürenedihe is learning something | bizürenebizwe are learning something | sizürenesizyou all are learning something | alaürenedilethey are learning something |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürenmeymeI am not learning something | senürenmeyseyou are not learning something | olürenmeydihe is not learning something | bizürenmeybizwe are not learning something | sizürenmeysizyou all are not learning something | alaürenmeydilethey are not learning something |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürenememi? ürenemime?am I learning something? | senürenemise?are you learning something? | olürenemidi?is he learning something? | bizürenebizmi? ürenemibiz?are we learning something? | sizürenemisiz?are you all learning something? | alaürenemidile?are they learning something? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürenmeymemi? ürenmeymime?aren't I learning something? | senürenmeymise?aren't you learning something? | olürenmeymidi?isn't he learning something? | bizürenmeybizmi? ürenmeymibiz?aren't we learning something? | sizürenmeymisiz?aren't you all learning something? | alaürenmeymidile?aren't they learning something? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menüreniwçenmeI usually learn something | senüreniwçenseyou usually learn something | olüreniwçendihe usually learns something | bizüreniwçenbizwe usually learn something | sizüreniwçensizyou all usually learn something | alaüreniwçendilethey usually learn something |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürenmewçenmeI usually don't learn something | senürenmewçenseyou usually don't learn something | olürenmewçendihe usually doesn't learn something | bizürenmewçenbizwe usually don't learn something | sizürenmewçensizyou all usually don't learn something | alaürenmewçendilethey usually don't learn something |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menüreniwçenmemi? üreniwçenmime?do I usually learn something? | senüreniwçenmise?do you usually learn something? | olüreniwçenmidi?does he usually learn something? | bizüreniwçenbizmi? üreniwçenmibiz?do we usually learn something? | sizüreniwçenmisiz?do you all usually learn something? | alaüreniwçenmidile?do they usually learn something? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürenmewçenmemi? ürenmewçenmime?do I usually not learn something? | senürenmewçenmise?do you usually not learn something? | olürenmewçenmidi?does he usually not learn something? | bizürenmewçenbizmi? ürenmewçenmibiz?do we usually not learn something? | sizürenmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not learn something? | alaürenmewçenmidile?do they usually not learn something? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olürenibdihe has learned something and remains so | alaürenibdilethey have learned something and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olürenibmidi?has he learned something? | alaürenibmidile?have they learned something? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürenib turamaI keep learning something | senürenib turasayou keep learning something | olürenib turadıhe keeps learning something | bizürenib turabızwe keep learning something | sizürenib turasızyou all keep learning something | alaürenib turadılathey keep learning something |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürenib turmaymaI don't keep learning something | senürenib turmaysayou don't keep learning something | olürenib turmaydıhe doesn't keep learning something | bizürenib turmaybızwe don't keep learning something | sizürenib turmaysızyou all don't keep learning something | alaürenib turmaydılathey don't keep learning something |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürenib turamamı? ürenib turamıma?do I keep learning something? | senürenib turamısa?do you keep learning something? | olürenib turamıdı?does he keep learning something? | bizürenib turabızmı? ürenib turamıbız?do we keep learning something? | sizürenib turamısız?do you all keep learning something? | alaürenib turamıdıla?do they keep learning something? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürenib turmaymamı? ürenib turmaymıma?don't I keep learning something? | senürenib turmaymısa?don't you keep learning something? | olürenib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep learning something? | bizürenib turmaybızmı? ürenib turmaymıbız?don't we keep learning something? | sizürenib turmaymısız?don't you all keep learning something? | alaürenib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep learning something? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menürene turamaI am in the middle of learning something | senürene turasayou are in the middle of learning something | olürene turadıhe is in the middle of learning something | bizürene turabızwe are in the middle of learning something | sizürene turasızyou all are in the middle of learning something | alaürene turadılathey are in the middle of learning something |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menürene turmaymaI am not in the middle of learning something | senürene turmaysayou are not in the middle of learning something | olürene turmaydıhe is not in the middle of learning something | bizürene turmaybızwe are not in the middle of learning something | sizürene turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of learning something | alaürene turmaydılathey are not in the middle of learning something |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menürene turamamı? ürene turamıma?am I in the middle of learning something? | senürene turamısa?are you in the middle of learning something? | olürene turamıdı?is he in the middle of learning something? | bizürene turabızmı? ürene turamıbız?are we in the middle of learning something? | sizürene turamısız?are you all in the middle of learning something? | alaürene turamıdıla?are they in the middle of learning something? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menürene turmaymamı? ürene turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of learning something? | senürene turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of learning something? | olürene turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of learning something? | bizürene turmaybızmı? ürene turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of learning something? | sizürene turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of learning something? | alaürene turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of learning something? |
| Simple past (definite) | menürendimI learned something | senürendiŋyou learned something | olürendihe learned something | bizürendikwe learned something | sizürendigizyou all learned something | alaürendilethey learned something |
| Simple past (definite) | menürenmedimI didn't learn something | senürenmediŋyou didn't learn something | olürenmedihe didn't learn something | bizürenmedikwe didn't learn something | sizürenmedigizyou all didn't learn something | alaürenmedilethey didn't learn something |
| Simple past (definite) | menürendimmi?did I learn something? | senürendiŋmi?did you learn something? | olürendimi?did he learn something? | bizürendikmi?did we learn something? | sizürendigizmi?did you all learn something? | alaürendilemi?did they learn something? |
| Simple past (definite) | menürenmedimmi?didn't I learn something? | senürenmediŋmi?didn't you learn something? | olürenmedimi?didn't he learn something? | bizürenmedikmi?didn't we learn something? | sizürenmedigizmi?didn't you all learn something? | alaürenmedilemi?didn't they learn something? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürenŋenmeI have learned something | senürenŋenseyou have learned something | olürenŋendihe has learned something | bizürenŋenbizwe have learned something | sizürenŋensizyou all have learned something | alaürenŋendilethey have learned something |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürenmegenmeI haven't learned something | senürenmegenseyou haven't learned something | olürenmegendihe hasn't learned something | bizürenmegenbizwe haven't learned something | sizürenmegensizyou all haven't learned something | alaürenmegendilethey haven't learned something |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürenŋenmemi? ürenŋenmime?have I learned something? | senürenŋenmise?have you learned something? | olürenŋenmidi?has he learned something? | bizürenŋenbizmi? ürenŋenmibiz?have we learned something? | sizürenŋenmisiz?have you all learned something? | alaürenŋenmidile?have they learned something? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürenmegenmemi? ürenmegenmime?haven't I learned something? | senürenmegenmise?haven't you learned something? | olürenmegenmidi?hasn't he learned something? | bizürenmegenbizmi? ürenmegenmibiz?haven't we learned something? | sizürenmegenmisiz?haven't you all learned something? | alaürenmegenmidile?haven't they learned something? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menürenib turdumI kept learning something | senürenib turduŋyou kept learning something | olürenib turduhe kept learning something | bizürenib turduqwe kept learning something | sizürenib turduğuzyou all kept learning something | alaürenib turdulathey kept learning something |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menürenib turmadımI didn't keep learning something | senürenib turmadıŋyou didn't keep learning something | olürenib turmadıhe didn't keep learning something | bizürenib turmadıqwe didn't keep learning something | sizürenib turmadığızyou all didn't keep learning something | alaürenib turmadılathey didn't keep learning something |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürenirmeI will learn something | senürenirseyou will learn something | olürenirhe will learn something | bizürenirbizwe will learn something | sizürenirsizyou all will learn something | alaürenirlethey will learn something |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürenmezmeI won't learn something | senürenmezseyou won't learn something | olürenmezhe won't learn something | bizürenmezbizwe won't learn something | sizürenmezsizyou all won't learn something | alaürenmezlethey won't learn something |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürenirmemi? ürenirmime?will I learn something? | senürenirmise?will you learn something? | olürenirmi?will he learn something? | bizürenirbizmi? ürenirmibiz?will we learn something? | sizürenirmisiz?will you all learn something? | alaürenirlemi? ürenirmile?will they learn something? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürenmezmemi? ürenmezmime?won't I learn something? | senürenmezmise?won't you learn something? | olürenmezmi?won't he learn something? | bizürenmezbizmi? ürenmezmibiz?won't we learn something? | sizürenmezmisiz?won't you all learn something? | alaürenmezlemi? ürenmezmile?won't they learn something? |
| Definite future (future II) | menürennikme1ürenirikmeI am going to learn something | senürennikse1ürenirikseyou are going to learn something | olürennikdi1ürenirikdihe is going to learn something | bizürennikbiz1ürenirikbizwe are going to learn something | sizürenniksiz1üreniriksizyou all are going to learn something | alaürennikdile1ürenirikdilethey are going to learn something |
| Definite future (future II) | menürennik tülme1ürenirik tülmeI am not going to learn something | senürennik tülse1ürenirik tülseyou are not going to learn something | olürennik tüldü1ürenirik tüldühe is not going to learn something | bizürennik tülbüz1ürenirik tülbüzwe are not going to learn something | sizürennik tülsüz1ürenirik tülsüzyou all are not going to learn something | alaürennik tüldüle1ürenirik tüldülethey are not going to learn something |
| Definite future (future II) | menürennikmemi?1 ürennikmime?ürenirikmemi?am I going to learn something? | senürennikmise?1ürenirikmise?are you going to learn something? | olürennikmidi?1ürenirikmidi?is he going to learn something? | bizürennikbizmi?1 ürennikmibiz?ürenirikbizmi?are we going to learn something? | sizürennikmisiz?1ürenirikmisiz?are you all going to learn something? | alaürennikmidile?1ürenirikmidile?are they going to learn something? |
| Definite future (future II) | menürennik tülmüme?1ürenirik tülmüme?aren't I going to learn something? | senürennik tülmüse?1ürenirik tülmüse?aren't you going to learn something? | olürennik tülmüdü?1ürenirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to learn something? | bizürennik tülmübüz?1ürenirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to learn something? | sizürennik tülmüsüz?1ürenirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to learn something? | alaürennik tülmüdüle?1ürenirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to learn something? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so ürenirikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menürenŋen edimürenŋenemI had learned something | senürenŋen ediŋürenŋeneŋyou had learned something | olürenŋen ediürenŋenedhe had learned something | bizürenŋen edikürenŋenekwe had learned something | sizürenŋen edigizürenŋenegizyou all had learned something | alaürenŋen edileürenŋenellethey had learned something |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menürenmegen edimürenmegenemI hadn't learned something | senürenmegen ediŋürenmegeneŋyou hadn't learned something | olürenmegen ediürenmegenedhe hadn't learned something | bizürenmegen edikürenmegenekwe hadn't learned something | sizürenmegen edigizürenmegenegizyou all hadn't learned something | alaürenmegen edileürenmegenellethey hadn't learned something |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menürene edimürenemI was learning something | senürene ediŋüreneŋyou were learning something | olürene ediürenedhe was learning something | bizürene edikürenekwe were learning something | sizürene edigizürenegizyou all were learning something | alaürene edileürenellethey were learning something |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menürenmey edimürenmeyemI wasn't learning something | senürenmey ediŋürenmeyeŋyou weren't learning something | olürenmey ediürenmeyedhe wasn't learning something | bizürenmey edikürenmeyekwe weren't learning something | sizürenmey edigizürenmeyegizyou all weren't learning something | alaürenmey edileürenmeyellethey weren't learning something |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menüreniwçen edimüreniwçenemI used to learn something | senüreniwçen ediŋüreniwçeneŋyou used to learn something | olüreniwçen ediüreniwçenedhe used to learn something | bizüreniwçen ediküreniwçenekwe used to learn something | sizüreniwçen edigizüreniwçenegizyou all used to learn something | alaüreniwçen edileüreniwçenellethey used to learn something |
| Habitual past (used to) | menürenmewçen edimürenmewçenemI didn't use to learn something | senürenmewçen ediŋürenmewçeneŋyou didn't use to learn something | olürenmewçen ediürenmewçenedhe didn't use to learn something | bizürenmewçen edikürenmewçenekwe didn't use to learn something | sizürenmewçen edigizürenmewçenegizyou all didn't use to learn something | alaürenmewçen edileürenmewçenellethey didn't use to learn something |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olürenib edihe had learned something and remained so | alaürenib edilethey had learned something and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olürenib tül edihe hadn't learned something | alaürenib tül edilethey hadn't learned something | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menürenib tura edimürenib turaemI had kept learning something | senürenib tura ediŋürenib turaeŋyou had kept learning something | olürenib tura ediürenib turaedhe had kept learning something | bizürenib tura edikürenib turaekwe had kept learning something | sizürenib tura edigizürenib turaegizyou all had kept learning something | alaürenib tura edileürenib turaellethey had kept learning something |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menürenib turmay edimürenib turmayemI hadn't kept learning something | senürenib turmay ediŋürenib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept learning something | olürenib turmay ediürenib turmayedhe hadn't kept learning something | bizürenib turmay edikürenib turmayekwe hadn't kept learning something | sizürenib turmay edigizürenib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept learning something | alaürenib turmay edileürenib turmayellethey hadn't kept learning something |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menürene tura edimürene turaemI was in the middle of learning something | senürene tura ediŋürene turaeŋyou were in the middle of learning something | olürene tura ediürene turaedhe was in the middle of learning something | bizürene tura edikürene turaekwe were in the middle of learning something | sizürene tura edigizürene turaegizyou all were in the middle of learning something | alaürene tura edileürene turaellethey were in the middle of learning something |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menürene turmay edimürene turmayemI wasn't in the middle of learning something | senürene turmay ediŋürene turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of learning something | olürene turmay ediürene turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of learning something | bizürene turmay edikürene turmayekwe weren't in the middle of learning something | sizürene turmay edigizürene turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of learning something | alaürene turmay edileürene turmayellethey weren't in the middle of learning something |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menürenir edimürenir emI would learn something | senürenir ediŋürenir eŋyou would learn something | olürenir ediürenir edhe would learn something | bizürenir edikürenir ekwe would learn something | sizürenir edigizürenir egizyou all would learn something | alaürenir edileürenir ellethey would learn something |
| Conditional result (would) | menürenmez edimürenmez emI wouldn't learn something | senürenmez ediŋürenmez eŋyou wouldn't learn something | olürenmez ediürenmez edhe wouldn't learn something | bizürenmez edikürenmez ekwe wouldn't learn something | sizürenmez edigizürenmez egizyou all wouldn't learn something | alaürenmez edileürenmez ellethey wouldn't learn something |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menürennik edim2ürennik emürenirik edimI would have learned something | senürennik ediŋ2ürennik eŋürenirik ediŋyou would have learned something | olürennik edi2ürennik edürenirik edihe would have learned something | bizürennik edik2ürennik ekürenirik edikwe would have learned something | sizürennik edigiz2ürennik egizürenirik edigizyou all would have learned something | alaürennik edile2ürennik elleürenirik edilethey would have learned something |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menürennik tül edim2ürennik tül emürenirik tül edimI wouldn't have learned something | senürennik tül ediŋ2ürennik tül eŋürenirik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have learned something | olürennik tül edi2ürennik tül edürenirik tül edihe wouldn't have learned something | bizürennik tül edik2ürennik tül ekürenirik tül edikwe wouldn't have learned something | sizürennik tül edigiz2ürennik tül egizürenirik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have learned something | alaürennik tül edile2ürennik tül elleürenirik tül edilethey wouldn't have learned something |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so ürenirik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menürensemif I learn something | senürenseŋif you learn something | olürenseif he learns something | bizürensekif we learn something | sizürensegizif you all learn something | alaürenseleif they learn something |
| Conditional | menürenmesemif I don't learn something | senürenmeseŋif you don't learn something | olürenmeseif he doesn't learn something | bizürenmesekif we don't learn something | sizürenmesegizif you all don't learn something | alaürenmeseleif they don't learn something |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menürene esemif I am learning something | senürene eseŋif you are learning something | olürene eseif he is learning something | bizürene esekif we are learning something | sizürene esegizif you all are learning something | alaürene eseleif they are learning something |
| Conditional, present real | menürenmey esemif I am not learning something | senürenmey eseŋif you are not learning something | olürenmey eseif he is not learning something | bizürenmey esekif we are not learning something | sizürenmey esegizif you all are not learning something | alaürenmey eseleif they are not learning something |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menürensem ediürensem edif only I learned something | senürenseŋ ediürenseŋ edif only you learned something | olürense ediürensedif only he learned something | bizürensek ediürensek edif only we learned something | sizürensegiz ediürensegiz edif only you all learned something | alaürensele ediürenseledif only they learned something |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menürenmesem ediürenmesem edif only I didn't learn something | senürenmeseŋ ediürenmeseŋ edif only you didn't learn something | olürenmese ediürenmesedif only he didn't learn something | bizürenmesek ediürenmesek edif only we didn't learn something | sizürenmesegiz ediürenmesegiz edif only you all didn't learn something | alaürenmesele ediürenmeseledif only they didn't learn something |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menürenib tursamif I carry on learning something | senürenib tursaŋif you carry on learning something | olürenib tursaif he carries on learning something | bizürenib tursaqif we carry on learning something | sizürenib tursağızif you all carry on learning something | alaürenib tursalaif they carry on learning something |
| Durative conditional | menürenib turmasamif I don't carry on learning something | senürenib turmasaŋif you don't carry on learning something | olürenib turmasaif he doesn't carry on learning something | bizürenib turmasaqif we don't carry on learning something | sizürenib turmasağızif you all don't carry on learning something | alaürenib turmasalaif they don't carry on learning something |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menürenib tura esemif I have kept learning something | senürenib tura eseŋif you have kept learning something | olürenib tura eseif he has kept learning something | bizürenib tura esekif we have kept learning something | sizürenib tura esegizif you all have kept learning something | alaürenib tura eseleif they have kept learning something |
| Durative conditional, present real | menürenib turmay esemif I haven't kept learning something | senürenib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept learning something | olürenib turmay eseif he hasn't kept learning something | bizürenib turmay esekif we haven't kept learning something | sizürenib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept learning something | alaürenib turmay eseleif they haven't kept learning something |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menürene tursamif I keep learning something | senürene tursaŋif you keep learning something | olürene tursaif he keeps learning something | bizürene tursaqif we keep learning something | sizürene tursağızif you all keep learning something | alaürene tursalaif they keep learning something |
| Progressive conditional | menürenmey tursamif I keep on not learning something | senürenmey tursaŋif you keep on not learning something | olürenmey tursaif he keeps on not learning something | bizürenmey tursaqif we keep on not learning something | sizürenmey tursağızif you all keep on not learning something | alaürenmey tursalaif they keep on not learning something |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menürene tura esemif I am in the middle of learning something | senürene tura eseŋif you are in the middle of learning something | olürene tura eseif he is in the middle of learning something | bizürene tura esekif we are in the middle of learning something | sizürene tura esegizif you all are in the middle of learning something | alaürene tura eseleif they are in the middle of learning something |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menürenmey tura esemif I keep on not learning something | senürenmey tura eseŋif you keep on not learning something | olürenmey tura eseif he keeps on not learning something | bizürenmey tura esekif we keep on not learning something | sizürenmey tura esegizif you all keep on not learning something | alaürenmey tura eseleif they keep on not learning something |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menürendim esemif I learned something | senürendiŋ eseŋif you learned something | olürendi eseif he learned something | bizürendik esekif we learned something | sizürendigiz esegizif you all learned something | alaürendile eseleif they learned something |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menürenmedim esemif I didn't learn something | senürenmediŋ eseŋif you didn't learn something | olürenmedi eseif he didn't learn something | bizürenmedik esekif we didn't learn something | sizürenmedigiz esegizif you all didn't learn something | alaürenmedile eseleif they didn't learn something |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menürenŋen esemif I did learn something (indeed) | senürenŋen eseŋif you did learn something (indeed) | olürenŋen eseif he did learn something (indeed) | bizürenŋen esekif we did learn something (indeed) | sizürenŋen esegizif you all did learn something (indeed) | alaürenŋen eseleif they did learn something (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menürenmegen esemif I didn't learn something (indeed) | senürenmegen eseŋif you didn't learn something (indeed) | olürenmegen eseif he didn't learn something (indeed) | bizürenmegen esekif we didn't learn something (indeed) | sizürenmegen esegizif you all didn't learn something (indeed) | alaürenmegen eseleif they didn't learn something (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menürenŋen bolsamif I had learned something | senürenŋen bolsaŋif you had learned something | olürenŋen bolsaif he had learned something | bizürenŋen bolsaqif we had learned something | sizürenŋen bolsağızif you all had learned something | alaürenŋen bolsalaif they had learned something |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menürenmegen bolsamif I hadn't learned something | senürenmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't learned something | olürenmegen bolsaif he hadn't learned something | bizürenmegen bolsaqif we hadn't learned something | sizürenmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't learned something | alaürenmegen bolsalaif they hadn't learned something |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menürenŋen bolsam ediürenŋen bolsam edif only I had learned something | senürenŋen bolsaŋ ediürenŋen bolsaŋ edif only you had learned something | olürenŋen bolsa ediürenŋen bolsaedif only he had learned something | bizürenŋen bolsaq ediürenŋen bolsaq edif only we had learned something | sizürenŋen bolsağız ediürenŋen bolsağız edif only you all had learned something | alaürenŋen bolsala ediürenŋen bolsalaedif only they had learned something |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menürenmegen bolsam ediürenmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't learned something | senürenmegen bolsaŋ ediürenmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't learned something | olürenmegen bolsa ediürenmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't learned something | bizürenmegen bolsaq ediürenmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't learned something | sizürenmegen bolsağız ediürenmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't learned something | alaürenmegen bolsala ediürenmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't learned something |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menürenir esemif I will learn something | senürenir eseŋif you will learn something | olürenir eseif he will learn something | bizürenir esekif we will learn something | sizürenir esegizif you all will learn something | alaürenir eseleif they will learn something |
| Conditional, aorist | menürenmez esemif I won't learn something | senürenmez eseŋif you won't learn something | olürenmez eseif he won't learn something | bizürenmez esekif we won't learn something | sizürenmez esegizif you all won't learn something | alaürenmez eseleif they won't learn something |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menürennik esem4ürenirik esemif I am going to learn something | senürennik eseŋ4ürenirik eseŋif you are going to learn something | olürennik ese4ürenirik eseif he is going to learn something | bizürennik esek4ürenirik esekif we are going to learn something | sizürennik esegiz4ürenirik esegizif you all are going to learn something | alaürennik esele4ürenirik eseleif they are going to learn something |
| Conditional, future | menürennik tül esem4ürenirik tül esemif I am not going to learn something | senürennik tül eseŋ4ürenirik tül eseŋif you are not going to learn something | olürennik tül ese4ürenirik tül eseif he is not going to learn something | bizürennik tül esek4ürenirik tül esekif we are not going to learn something | sizürennik tül esegiz4ürenirik tül esegizif you all are not going to learn something | alaürennik tül esele4ürenirik tül eseleif they are not going to learn something |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menürennik bolsam5ürenirik bolsamif I were going to learn something | senürennik bolsaŋ5ürenirik bolsaŋif you were going to learn something | olürennik bolsa5ürenirik bolsaif he were going to learn something | bizürennik bolsaq5ürenirik bolsaqif we were going to learn something | sizürennik bolsağız5ürenirik bolsağızif you all were going to learn something | alaürennik bolsala5ürenirik bolsalaif they were going to learn something |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menürenmezlik bolsamif I were not going to learn something | senürenmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to learn something | olürenmezlik bolsaif he were not going to learn something | bizürenmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to learn something | sizürenmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to learn something | alaürenmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to learn something |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ürendiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so ürenirik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so ürenirik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menürene bolurmaI must be learning something | senürene bolursayou must be learning something | olürene bolurhe must be learning something | bizürene bolurbuzwe must be learning something | sizürene bolursuzyou all must be learning something | alaürene bolurlathey must be learning something |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menürenmey bolurmaI must not be learning something | senürenmey bolursayou must not be learning something | olürenmey bolurhe must not be learning something | bizürenmey bolurbuzwe must not be learning something | sizürenmey bolursuzyou all must not be learning something | alaürenmey bolurlathey must not be learning something |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menürene tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of learning something | senürene tura bolursayou must be in the middle of learning something | olürene tura bolurhe must be in the middle of learning something | bizürene tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of learning something | sizürene tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of learning something | alaürene tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of learning something |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menürenmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not learning something | senürenmey tura bolursayou must keep on not learning something | olürenmey tura bolurhe must keep on not learning something | bizürenmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not learning something | sizürenmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not learning something | alaürenmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not learning something |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menürenŋen bolurmaI must have learned something | senürenŋen bolursayou must have learned something | olürenŋen bolurhe must have learned something | bizürenŋen bolurbuzwe must have learned something | sizürenŋen bolursuzyou all must have learned something | alaürenŋen bolurlathey must have learned something |
| Inference (must have) | menürenmegen bolurmaI must not have learned something | senürenmegen bolursayou must not have learned something | olürenmegen bolurhe must not have learned something | bizürenmegen bolurbuzwe must not have learned something | sizürenmegen bolursuzyou all must not have learned something | alaürenmegen bolurlathey must not have learned something |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menürennik bolurma6ürenirik bolurmaI must be going to learn something | senürennik bolursa6ürenirik bolursayou must be going to learn something | olürennik bolur6ürenirik bolurhe must be going to learn something | bizürennik bolurbuz6ürenirik bolurbuzwe must be going to learn something | sizürennik bolursuz6ürenirik bolursuzyou all must be going to learn something | alaürennik bolurla6ürenirik bolurlathey must be going to learn something |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menürenmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to learn something | senürenmezlik bolursayou must not be going to learn something | olürenmezlik bolurhe must not be going to learn something | bizürenmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to learn something | sizürenmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to learn something | alaürenmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to learn something |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so ürenirik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menüreneyimlet me learn something | senüren!learn something! | olürensinlet him learn something | bizüreneyiklet's learn something | sizürenigiz!learn something, you all! | alaürensinlelet them learn something |
| Commands & suggestions | menürenmeyimlet me not learn something | senürenme!don't learn something! | olürenmesinlet him not learn something | bizürenmeyiklet's not learn something | sizürenmegiz!don't learn something, you all! | alaürenmesinlelet them not learn something |
| Commands & suggestions | menüreneyimmi?shall I learn something? | olürensinmi?should he learn something? | bizüreneyikmi?shall we learn something? | alaürensinlemi?should they learn something? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menürenmeyimmi?shall I not learn something? | olürenmesinmi?should he not learn something? | bizürenmeyikmi?shall we not learn something? | alaürenmesinlemi?should they not learn something? | ||
| Requests | senürençi7ürençinplease learn something | olürensinçido let him learn something | sizürençigizplease learn something (plural/polite) | alaürensinleçido let them learn something | ||
| Requests | senürenmeçi7ürenmeçinplease don't learn something | olürenmesinçido let him not learn something | sizürenmeçigizplease don't learn something (plural/polite) | alaürenmesinleçido let them not learn something | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senürenŋinürenŋimay you learn something | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senürenmeginürenmegimay you not learn something | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menürenŋey edim ürenŋe edimwould that I learned something | senürenŋey ediŋ ürenŋe ediŋwould that you learned something | olürenŋey edi ürenŋe ediwould that he learned something | bizürenŋey edik ürenŋe edikwould that we learned something | sizürenŋey edigiz ürenŋe edigizwould that you all learned something | alaürenŋey edile ürenŋe edilewould that they learned something |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menürenmegey edim ürenmege edimwould that I did not learn something | senürenmegey ediŋ ürenmege ediŋwould that you did not learn something | olürenmegey edi ürenmege ediwould that he did not learn something | bizürenmegey edik ürenmege edikwould that we did not learn something | sizürenmegey edigiz ürenmege edigizwould that you all did not learn something | alaürenmegey edile ürenmege edilewould that they did not learn something |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menürenmege qoyayımürenme qoyayımlet me allow someone to learn something | senürenmege qoy!ürenme qoy!let someone learn something! | olürenmege qoysunürenme qoysunlet him allow someone to learn something | bizürenmege qoyayıqürenme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to learn something | sizürenmege qoyuğuz!ürenme qoyuğuz!let someone learn something, you all! | alaürenmege qoysunlaürenme qoysunlalet them allow someone to learn something |
| Let someone… (commands) | menürenmege qoymayımürenme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to learn something | senürenmege qoyma!ürenme qoyma!don't let someone learn something! | olürenmege qoymasınürenme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to learn something | bizürenmege qoymayıqürenme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to learn something | sizürenmege qoymağız!ürenme qoymağız!don't let someone learn something, you all! | alaürenmege qoymasınlaürenme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to learn something |
| Let someone… (commands) | menürenmege qoyayımmı?ürenme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to learn something? | olürenmege qoysunmu?ürenme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to learn something? | bizürenmege qoyayıqmı?ürenme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to learn something? | alaürenmege qoysunlamı?ürenme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to learn something? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menürenmege qoymayımmı?ürenme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to learn something? | olürenmege qoymasınmı?ürenme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to learn something? | bizürenmege qoymayıqmı?ürenme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to learn something? | alaürenmege qoymasınlamı?ürenme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to learn something? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menürenmege qoyamaürenme qoyamaI allow someone to learn something | senürenmege qoyasaürenme qoyasayou allow someone to learn something | olürenmege qoyadıürenme qoyadıhe allows someone to learn something | bizürenmege qoyabızürenme qoyabızwe allow someone to learn something | sizürenmege qoyasızürenme qoyasızyou all allow someone to learn something | alaürenmege qoyadılaürenme qoyadılathey allow someone to learn something |
| Let someone… (present) | menürenmege qoymaymaürenme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to learn something | senürenmege qoymaysaürenme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to learn something | olürenmege qoymaydıürenme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to learn something | bizürenmege qoymaybızürenme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to learn something | sizürenmege qoymaysızürenme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to learn something | alaürenmege qoymaydılaürenme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to learn something |
| Let someone… (present) | menürenmege qoyamamı?ürenme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to learn something? | senürenmege qoyamısa?ürenme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to learn something? | olürenmege qoyamıdı?ürenme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to learn something? | bizürenmege qoyabızmı?ürenme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to learn something? | sizürenmege qoyamısız?ürenme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to learn something? | alaürenmege qoyamıdıla?ürenme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to learn something? |
| Let someone… (present) | menürenmege qoymaymamı?ürenme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to learn something? | senürenmege qoymaymısa?ürenme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to learn something? | olürenmege qoymaymıdı?ürenme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to learn something? | bizürenmege qoymaybızmı?ürenme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to learn something? | sizürenmege qoymaymısız?ürenme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to learn something? | alaürenmege qoymaymıdıla?ürenme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to learn something? |
| Let someone… (past) | menürenmege qoydumürenme qoydumI allowed someone to learn something | senürenmege qoyduŋürenme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to learn something | olürenmege qoyduürenme qoyduhe allowed someone to learn something | bizürenmege qoyduqürenme qoyduqwe allowed someone to learn something | sizürenmege qoyduğuzürenme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to learn something | alaürenmege qoydulaürenme qoydulathey allowed someone to learn something |
| Let someone… (past) | menürenmege qoymadımürenme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to learn something | senürenmege qoymadıŋürenme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to learn something | olürenmege qoymadıürenme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to learn something | bizürenmege qoymadıqürenme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to learn something | sizürenmege qoymadığızürenme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to learn something | alaürenmege qoymadılaürenme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to learn something |
| Let someone… (past) | menürenmege qoydummu?ürenme qoydummu?did I allow someone to learn something? | senürenmege qoyduŋmu?ürenme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to learn something? | olürenmege qoydumu?ürenme qoydumu?did he allow someone to learn something? | bizürenmege qoyduqmu?ürenme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to learn something? | sizürenmege qoyduğuzmu?ürenme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to learn something? | alaürenmege qoydulamı?ürenme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to learn something? |
| Let someone… (past) | menürenmege qoymadımmı?ürenme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to learn something? | senürenmege qoymadıŋmı?ürenme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to learn something? | olürenmege qoymadımı?ürenme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to learn something? | bizürenmege qoymadıqmı?ürenme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to learn something? | sizürenmege qoymadığızmı?ürenme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to learn something? | alaürenmege qoymadılamı?ürenme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to learn something? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
ürenalırğa be able to learn something · ürenalmazğa be unable to learn something
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menürenalamaI can learn something | senürenalasayou can learn something | olürenaladıhe can learn something | bizürenalabızwe can learn something | sizürenalasızyou all can learn something | alaürenaladılathey can learn something |
| Ability — present | menürenalmaymaI can't learn something | senürenalmaysayou can't learn something | olürenalmaydıhe can't learn something | bizürenalmaybızwe can't learn something | sizürenalmaysızyou all can't learn something | alaürenalmaydılathey can't learn something |
| Ability — present | menürenalamamı? ürenalamıma?can I learn something? | senürenalamısa?can you learn something? | olürenalamıdı?can he learn something? | bizürenalabızmı? ürenalamıbız?can we learn something? | sizürenalamısız?can you all learn something? | alaürenalamıdıla?can they learn something? |
| Ability — present | menürenalmaymamı? ürenalmaymıma?can't I learn something? | senürenalmaymısa?can't you learn something? | olürenalmaymıdı?can't he learn something? | bizürenalmaybızmı? ürenalmaymıbız?can't we learn something? | sizürenalmaymısız?can't you all learn something? | alaürenalmaymıdıla?can't they learn something? |
| Ability — if I can… | menürenalsamif I can learn something | senürenalsaŋif you can learn something | olürenalsaif he can learn something | bizürenalsaqif we can learn something | sizürenalsağızif you all can learn something | alaürenalsalaif they can learn something |
| Ability — if I can… | menürenalmasamif I can't learn something | senürenalmasaŋif you can't learn something | olürenalmasaif he can't learn something | bizürenalmasaqif we can't learn something | sizürenalmasağızif you all can't learn something | alaürenalmasalaif they can't learn something |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menürenaldımI was able to learn something | senürenaldıŋyou were able to learn something | olürenaldıhe was able to learn something | bizürenaldıqwe were able to learn something | sizürenaldığızyou all were able to learn something | alaürenaldılathey were able to learn something |
| Ability — simple past | menürenalmadımI could not learn something | senürenalmadıŋyou could not learn something | olürenalmadıhe could not learn something | bizürenalmadıqwe could not learn something | sizürenalmadığızyou all could not learn something | alaürenalmadılathey could not learn something |
| Ability — simple past | menürenaldımmı?was I able to learn something? | senürenaldıŋmı?were you able to learn something? | olürenaldımı?was he able to learn something? | bizürenaldıqmı?were we able to learn something? | sizürenaldığızmı?were you all able to learn something? | alaürenaldılamı?were they able to learn something? |
| Ability — simple past | menürenalmadımmı?couldn't I learn something? | senürenalmadıŋmı?couldn't you learn something? | olürenalmadımı?couldn't he learn something? | bizürenalmadıqmı?couldn't we learn something? | sizürenalmadığızmı?couldn't you all learn something? | alaürenalmadılamı?couldn't they learn something? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menürenalğanmaI have been able to learn something | senürenalğansayou have been able to learn something | olürenalğandıhe has been able to learn something | bizürenalğanbızwe have been able to learn something | sizürenalğansızyou all have been able to learn something | alaürenalğandılathey have been able to learn something |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menürenalmağanmaI haven't been able to learn something | senürenalmağansayou haven't been able to learn something | olürenalmağandıhe hasn't been able to learn something | bizürenalmağanbızwe haven't been able to learn something | sizürenalmağansızyou all haven't been able to learn something | alaürenalmağandılathey haven't been able to learn something |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menürenalğanmamı? ürenalğanmıma?have I been able to learn something? | senürenalğanmısa?have you been able to learn something? | olürenalğanmıdı?has he been able to learn something? | bizürenalğanbızmı? ürenalğanmıbız?have we been able to learn something? | sizürenalğanmısız?have you all been able to learn something? | alaürenalğanmıdıla?have they been able to learn something? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menürenalmağanmamı? ürenalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to learn something? | senürenalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to learn something? | olürenalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to learn something? | bizürenalmağanbızmı? ürenalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to learn something? | sizürenalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to learn something? | alaürenalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to learn something? |
| Ability — past perfect | menürenalğan edimürenalğanemI had been able to learn something | senürenalğan ediŋürenalğaneŋyou had been able to learn something | olürenalğan ediürenalğanedhe had been able to learn something | bizürenalğan edikürenalğanekwe had been able to learn something | sizürenalğan edigizürenalğanegizyou all had been able to learn something | alaürenalğan edileürenalğanellethey had been able to learn something |
| Ability — past perfect | menürenalmağan edimürenalmağanemI hadn't been able to learn something | senürenalmağan ediŋürenalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to learn something | olürenalmağan ediürenalmağanedhe hadn't been able to learn something | bizürenalmağan edikürenalmağanekwe hadn't been able to learn something | sizürenalmağan edigizürenalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to learn something | alaürenalmağan edileürenalmağanellethey hadn't been able to learn something |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menürenala edimürenalaemI could learn something | senürenala ediŋürenalaeŋyou could learn something | olürenala ediürenalaedhe could learn something | bizürenala edikürenalaekwe could learn something | sizürenala edigizürenalaegizyou all could learn something | alaürenala edileürenalaellethey could learn something |
| Ability — past background | menürenalmay edimürenalmayemI could not learn something | senürenalmay ediŋürenalmayeŋyou could not learn something | olürenalmay ediürenalmayedhe could not learn something | bizürenalmay edikürenalmayekwe could not learn something | sizürenalmay edigizürenalmayegizyou all could not learn something | alaürenalmay edileürenalmayellethey could not learn something |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menürenalırmaI will be able to learn something | senürenalırsayou will be able to learn something | olürenalırhe will be able to learn something | bizürenalırbızwe will be able to learn something | sizürenalırsızyou all will be able to learn something | alaürenalırlathey will be able to learn something |
| Ability — future I | menürenalmazmaI won't be able to learn something | senürenalmazsayou won't be able to learn something | olürenalmazhe won't be able to learn something | bizürenalmazbızwe won't be able to learn something | sizürenalmazsızyou all won't be able to learn something | alaürenalmazlathey won't be able to learn something |
| Ability — future I | menürenalırmamı? ürenalırmıma?will I be able to learn something? | senürenalırmısa?will you be able to learn something? | olürenalırmı?will he be able to learn something? | bizürenalırbızmı? ürenalırmıbız?will we be able to learn something? | sizürenalırmısız?will you all be able to learn something? | alaürenalırlamı? ürenalırmıla?will they be able to learn something? |
| Ability — future I | menürenalmazmamı? ürenalmazmıma?won't I be able to learn something? | senürenalmazmısa?won't you be able to learn something? | olürenalmazmı?won't he be able to learn something? | bizürenalmazbızmı? ürenalmazmıbız?won't we be able to learn something? | sizürenalmazmısız?won't you all be able to learn something? | alaürenalmazlamı? ürenalmazmıla?won't they be able to learn something? |
| Ability — future II | menürenallıqmaI am going to be able to learn something | senürenallıqsayou are going to be able to learn something | olürenallıqdıhe is going to be able to learn something | bizürenallıqbızwe are going to be able to learn something | sizürenallıqsızyou all are going to be able to learn something | alaürenallıqdılathey are going to be able to learn something |
| Ability — future II | menürenallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to learn something | senürenallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to learn something | olürenallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to learn something | bizürenallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to learn something | sizürenallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to learn something | alaürenallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to learn something |
| Ability — future II | menürenallıqmamı? ürenallıqmıma?am I going to be able to learn something? | senürenallıqmısa?are you going to be able to learn something? | olürenallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to learn something? | bizürenallıqbızmı? ürenallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to learn something? | sizürenallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to learn something? | alaürenallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to learn something? |
| Ability — future II | menürenallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to learn something? | senürenallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to learn something? | olürenallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to learn something? | bizürenallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to learn something? | sizürenallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to learn something? | alaürenallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to learn something? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menürenalır edimürenalır emI would be able to learn something | senürenalır ediŋürenalır eŋyou would be able to learn something | olürenalır ediürenalır edhe would be able to learn something | bizürenalır edikürenalır ekwe would be able to learn something | sizürenalır edigizürenalır egizyou all would be able to learn something | alaürenalır edileürenalır ellethey would be able to learn something |
| Ability — would be able to… | menürenalmaz edimürenalmaz emI wouldn't be able to learn something | senürenalmaz ediŋürenalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to learn something | olürenalmaz ediürenalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to learn something | bizürenalmaz edikürenalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to learn something | sizürenalmaz edigizürenalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to learn something | alaürenalmaz edileürenalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to learn something |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senürenalğınürenalğımay you be able to learn something | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senürenalmağınürenalmağımay you not be able to learn something | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menürenirge izleymeI want to learn something | senürenirge izleyseyou want to learn something | olürenirge izleydihe wants to learn something | bizürenirge izleybizwe want to learn something | sizürenirge izleysizyou all want to learn something | alaürenirge izleydilethey want to learn something |
| want to | menürenirge izlemeymeI do not want to learn something | senürenirge izlemeyseyou do not want to learn something | olürenirge izlemeydihe does not want to learn something | bizürenirge izlemeybizwe do not want to learn something | sizürenirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to learn something | alaürenirge izlemeydilethey do not want to learn something |
| would like to | menürenirge süemeI would like to learn something | senürenirge süeseyou would like to learn something | olürenirge süedihe would like to learn something | bizürenirge süebizwe would like to learn something | sizürenirge süesizyou all would like to learn something | alaürenirge süedilethey would like to learn something |
| would like to | menürenirge süymeymeI would not like to learn something | senürenirge süymeyseyou would not like to learn something | olürenirge süymeydihe would not like to learn something | bizürenirge süymeybizwe would not like to learn something | sizürenirge süymeysizyou all would not like to learn something | alaürenirge süymeydilethey would not like to learn something |
| hope to | menürenirge umutlanamaI hope to learn something | senürenirge umutlanasayou hope to learn something | olürenirge umutlanadıhe hopes to learn something | bizürenirge umutlanabızwe hope to learn something | sizürenirge umutlanasızyou all hope to learn something | alaürenirge umutlanadılathey hope to learn something |
| hope to | menürenirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to learn something | senürenirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to learn something | olürenirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to learn something | bizürenirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to learn something | sizürenirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to learn something | alaürenirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to learn something |
| be about to | menürenirge deb turamaI am about to learn something | senürenirge deb turasayou are about to learn something | olürenirge deb turadıhe is about to learn something | bizürenirge deb turabızwe are about to learn something | sizürenirge deb turasızyou all are about to learn something | alaürenirge deb turadılathey are about to learn something |
| be about to | menürenirge deb turmaymaI am not about to learn something | senürenirge deb turmaysayou are not about to learn something | olürenirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to learn something | bizürenirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to learn something | sizürenirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to learn something | alaürenirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to learn something |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menürenirge kerekmeI need to learn something | senürenirge kerekseyou need to learn something | olürenirge kerekdihe needs to learn something | bizürenirge kerekbizwe need to learn something | sizürenirge kereksizyou all need to learn something | alaürenirge kerekdilethey need to learn something |
| need to | menürenirge kerek tülmeI do not need to learn something | senürenirge kerek tülseyou do not need to learn something | olürenirge kerek tüldühe does not need to learn something | bizürenirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to learn something | sizürenirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to learn something | alaürenirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to learn something |
| have to | menmenŋe ürenirge tüşediI have to learn something | sensenŋe ürenirge tüşediyou have to learn something | olaŋa ürenirge tüşedihe has to learn something | bizbizge ürenirge tüşediwe have to learn something | sizsizge ürenirge tüşediyou all have to learn something | alaalağa ürenirge tüşedithey have to learn something |
| have to | menmenŋe ürenirge tüşmeydiI do not have to learn something | sensenŋe ürenirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to learn something | olaŋa ürenirge tüşmeydihe does not have to learn something | bizbizge ürenirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to learn something | sizsizge ürenirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to learn something | alaalağa ürenirge tüşmeydithey do not have to learn something |
| be obliged to | menürenirge borçlumaI am obliged to learn something | senürenirge borçlusayou are obliged to learn something | olürenirge borçluduhe is obliged to learn something | bizürenirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to learn something | sizürenirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to learn something | alaürenirge borçludulathey are obliged to learn something |
| be obliged to | menürenirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to learn something | senürenirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to learn something | olürenirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to learn something | bizürenirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to learn something | sizürenirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to learn something | alaürenirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to learn something |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menürenirge madarım bardıI have a way to learn something | senürenirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to learn something | olürenirge madarı bardıhe has a way to learn something | bizürenirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to learn something | sizürenirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to learn something | alaürenirge madarları bardıthey have a way to learn something |
| have a way to | menürenirge madarım joqduI have no way to learn something | senürenirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to learn something | olürenirge madarı joqduhe has no way to learn something | bizürenirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to learn something | sizürenirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to learn something | alaürenirge madarları joqduthey have no way to learn something |
| be free to | menürenirge erkinligim bardıI am free to learn something | senürenirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to learn something | olürenirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to learn something | bizürenirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to learn something | sizürenirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to learn something | alaürenirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to learn something |
| be free to | menürenirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to learn something | senürenirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to learn something | olürenirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to learn something | bizürenirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to learn something | sizürenirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to learn something | alaürenirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to learn something |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ürenirge bolluqduit is possible for me to learn something | sensenŋe ürenirge bolluqduit is possible for you to learn something | olaŋa ürenirge bolluqduit is possible for him to learn something | bizbizge ürenirge bolluqduit is possible for us to learn something | sizsizge ürenirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to learn something | alaalağa ürenirge bolluqduit is possible for them to learn something |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ürenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to learn something | sensenŋe ürenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to learn something | olaŋa ürenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to learn something | bizbizge ürenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to learn something | sizsizge ürenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to learn something | alaalağa ürenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to learn something |
| be ready to | menürenirge hazırmaI am ready to learn something | senürenirge hazırsayou are ready to learn something | olürenirge hazırdıhe is ready to learn something | bizürenirge hazırbızwe are ready to learn something | sizürenirge hazırsızyou all are ready to learn something | alaürenirge hazırdılathey are ready to learn something |
| be ready to | menürenirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to learn something | senürenirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to learn something | olürenirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to learn something | bizürenirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to learn something | sizürenirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to learn something | alaürenirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to learn something |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menürenirge küreşemeI am trying to learn something | senürenirge küreşeseyou are trying to learn something | olürenirge küreşedihe is trying to learn something | bizürenirge küreşebizwe are trying to learn something | sizürenirge küreşesizyou all are trying to learn something | alaürenirge küreşedilethey are trying to learn something |
| try to | menürenirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to learn something | senürenirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to learn something | olürenirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to learn something | bizürenirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to learn something | sizürenirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to learn something | alaürenirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to learn something |
| agree to | menürenirge unaymaI agree to learn something | senürenirge unaysayou agree to learn something | olürenirge unaydıhe agrees to learn something | bizürenirge unaybızwe agree to learn something | sizürenirge unaysızyou all agree to learn something | alaürenirge unaydılathey agree to learn something |
| agree to | menürenirge unamaymaI refuse to learn something | senürenirge unamaysayou refuse to learn something | olürenirge unamaydıhe refuses to learn something | bizürenirge unamaybızwe refuse to learn something | sizürenirge unamaysızyou all refuse to learn something | alaürenirge unamaydılathey refuse to learn something |
| hurry to | menürenirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to learn something | senürenirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to learn something | olürenirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to learn something | bizürenirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to learn something | sizürenirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to learn something | alaürenirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to learn something |
| hurry to | menürenirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to learn something | senürenirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to learn something | olürenirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to learn something | bizürenirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to learn something | sizürenirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to learn something | alaürenirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to learn something |
| be afraid to | menürenirge qorqamaI am afraid to learn something | senürenirge qorqasayou are afraid to learn something | olürenirge qorqadıhe is afraid to learn something | bizürenirge qorqabızwe are afraid to learn something | sizürenirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to learn something | alaürenirge qorqadılathey are afraid to learn something |
| be afraid to | menürenirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to learn something | senürenirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to learn something | olürenirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to learn something | bizürenirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to learn something | sizürenirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to learn something | alaürenirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to learn something |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menürene bolmazmaI can't be learning something | senürene bolmazsayou can't be learning something | olürene bolmazhe can't be learning something | bizürene bolmazbızwe can't be learning something | sizürene bolmazsızyou all can't be learning something | alaürene bolmazlathey can't be learning something |
| Inference, present — double negation | menürenmey bolmazmaI must be learning something (emphatic) | senürenmey bolmazsayou must be learning something (emphatic) | olürenmey bolmazhe must be learning something (emphatic) | bizürenmey bolmazbızwe must be learning something (emphatic) | sizürenmey bolmazsızyou all must be learning something (emphatic) | alaürenmey bolmazlathey must be learning something (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menürene turmasamif I don't keep learning something | senürene turmasaŋif you don't keep learning something | olürene turmasaif he doesn't keep learning something | bizürene turmasaqif we don't keep learning something | sizürene turmasağızif you all don't keep learning something | alaürene turmasalaif they don't keep learning something |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menürene tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of learning something | senürene tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of learning something | olürene tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of learning something | bizürene tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of learning something | sizürene tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of learning something | alaürene tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of learning something |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menürenmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not learning something (emphatic) | senürenmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not learning something (emphatic) | olürenmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not learning something (emphatic) | bizürenmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not learning something (emphatic) | sizürenmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not learning something (emphatic) | alaürenmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not learning something (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menürenmey turamaI keep on not learning something | senürenmey turasayou keep on not learning something | olürenmey turadıhe keeps on not learning something | bizürenmey turabızwe keep on not learning something | sizürenmey turasızyou all keep on not learning something | alaürenmey turadılathey keep on not learning something |
| Progressive — double negation | menürenmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not learning something | senürenmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not learning something | olürenmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not learning something | bizürenmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not learning something | sizürenmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not learning something | alaürenmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not learning something |
| Progressive — double negation | menürenmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not learning something? | senürenmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not learning something? | olürenmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not learning something? | bizürenmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not learning something? | sizürenmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not learning something? | alaürenmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not learning something? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menürenŋen bolmazmaI can't have learned something | senürenŋen bolmazsayou can't have learned something | olürenŋen bolmazhe can't have learned something | bizürenŋen bolmazbızwe can't have learned something | sizürenŋen bolmazsızyou all can't have learned something | alaürenŋen bolmazlathey can't have learned something |
| Inference — double negation | menürenmegen bolmazmaI must have learned something (emphatic) | senürenmegen bolmazsayou must have learned something (emphatic) | olürenmegen bolmazhe must have learned something (emphatic) | bizürenmegen bolmazbızwe must have learned something (emphatic) | sizürenmegen bolmazsızyou all must have learned something (emphatic) | alaürenmegen bolmazlathey must have learned something (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menürenŋen bolmasamif it weren't that I had learned something | senürenŋen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had learned something | olürenŋen bolmasaif it weren't that he had learned something | bizürenŋen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had learned something | sizürenŋen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had learned something | alaürenŋen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had learned something |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menürenmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't learned something | senürenmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't learned something | olürenmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't learned something | bizürenmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't learned something | sizürenmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't learned something | alaürenmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't learned something |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menürennik bolmazmaI can't be going to learn something | senürennik bolmazsayou can't be going to learn something | olürennik bolmazhe can't be going to learn something | bizürennik bolmazbızwe can't be going to learn something | sizürennik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to learn something | alaürennik bolmazlathey can't be going to learn something |
| Inference, future — double negation | menürenmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to learn something (emphatic) | senürenmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to learn something (emphatic) | olürenmezlik bolmazhe must be going to learn something (emphatic) | bizürenmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to learn something (emphatic) | sizürenmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to learn something (emphatic) | alaürenmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to learn something (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menürennik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to learn something | senürennik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to learn something | olürennik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to learn something | bizürennik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to learn something | sizürennik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to learn something | alaürennik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to learn something |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menürenmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to learn something | senürenmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to learn something | olürenmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to learn something | bizürenmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to learn something | sizürenmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to learn something | alaürenmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to learn something |