ürürge
/yryrɡe/
1. bark — Said of dogs, and also of foxes and wolves.
- ullu it üredi — the big dog is barking
- it keçe üredi — the dog barks at night
- ürüb başlarğa — to begin barking
- it ürgen tawuş — the sound of a dog barking
- it bolmağan jerde tülkü ürür — where there is no dog, the fox will bark
- börüleni ürgen tawuşları keledi — the sounds of wolves howling come
- keçegide itle qatı ürdüle — at night the dogs barked loudly
2. bawl at, rail at, scold, abuse
- meni üsüme ürgenlerin eşitseŋ — if you heard them railing at me
- meni üsüme ürme — don't rail at me
- ürme, awuzuŋu tıy! — stop barking, hold your tongue!
- üre tur alay — go on, bark away
3. talk nonsense, jabber
- ne ürese? — what nonsense are you jabbering?
- üre turadı — he keeps jabbering
- bılayda köb üre turma — don't keep jabbering much here
4. blow, blow on — Blowing with the mouth, as on a fire, a candle or hot tea.
- ürüb jandırırğa — to blow a fire alight
- lampanı ürüb juqlatdı — he blew the lamp out
- ürüb juqlatırğa — to blow a light out
- buqunu ürüb keterirge — to blow the dust away
- issi şayğa ürürge — to blow on hot tea
Expressions
- it tumanŋa ürgença — talk pointlessly
- tumanŋa ürgen it kibik — idle chatter
Conjugation
Common forms
- üredihe is barking
- ürdühe barked
- ürgendihe has barked
- ürürhe will bark
- ürlükdühe is going to bark
- üre edihe was barking
- ürseif he barks
- ür!bark!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menüremeI am barking | senüreseyou are barking | olüredihe is barking | bizürebizwe are barking | sizüresizyou all are barking | alaüredilethey are barking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürmeymeI am not barking | senürmeyseyou are not barking | olürmeydihe is not barking | bizürmeybizwe are not barking | sizürmeysizyou all are not barking | alaürmeydilethey are not barking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürememi? üremime?am I barking? | senüremise?are you barking? | olüremidi?is he barking? | bizürebizmi? üremibiz?are we barking? | sizüremisiz?are you all barking? | alaüremidile?are they barking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürmeymemi? ürmeymime?aren't I barking? | senürmeymise?aren't you barking? | olürmeymidi?isn't he barking? | bizürmeybizmi? ürmeymibiz?aren't we barking? | sizürmeymisiz?aren't you all barking? | alaürmeymidile?aren't they barking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürüwçenmeI usually bark | senürüwçenseyou usually bark | olürüwçendihe usually barks | bizürüwçenbizwe usually bark | sizürüwçensizyou all usually bark | alaürüwçendilethey usually bark |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürmewçenmeI usually don't bark | senürmewçenseyou usually don't bark | olürmewçendihe usually doesn't bark | bizürmewçenbizwe usually don't bark | sizürmewçensizyou all usually don't bark | alaürmewçendilethey usually don't bark |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürüwçenmemi? ürüwçenmime?do I usually bark? | senürüwçenmise?do you usually bark? | olürüwçenmidi?does he usually bark? | bizürüwçenbizmi? ürüwçenmibiz?do we usually bark? | sizürüwçenmisiz?do you all usually bark? | alaürüwçenmidile?do they usually bark? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürmewçenmemi? ürmewçenmime?do I usually not bark? | senürmewçenmise?do you usually not bark? | olürmewçenmidi?does he usually not bark? | bizürmewçenbizmi? ürmewçenmibiz?do we usually not bark? | sizürmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not bark? | alaürmewçenmidile?do they usually not bark? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olürübdühe has barked and remains so | alaürübdülethey have barked and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olürübmüdü?has he barked? | alaürübmüdüle?have they barked? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürüb turamaI keep barking | senürüb turasayou keep barking | olürüb turadıhe keeps barking | bizürüb turabızwe keep barking | sizürüb turasızyou all keep barking | alaürüb turadılathey keep barking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürüb turmaymaI don't keep barking | senürüb turmaysayou don't keep barking | olürüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep barking | bizürüb turmaybızwe don't keep barking | sizürüb turmaysızyou all don't keep barking | alaürüb turmaydılathey don't keep barking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürüb turamamı? ürüb turamıma?do I keep barking? | senürüb turamısa?do you keep barking? | olürüb turamıdı?does he keep barking? | bizürüb turabızmı? ürüb turamıbız?do we keep barking? | sizürüb turamısız?do you all keep barking? | alaürüb turamıdıla?do they keep barking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürüb turmaymamı? ürüb turmaymıma?don't I keep barking? | senürüb turmaymısa?don't you keep barking? | olürüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep barking? | bizürüb turmaybızmı? ürüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep barking? | sizürüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep barking? | alaürüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep barking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menüre turamaI am in the middle of barking | senüre turasayou are in the middle of barking | olüre turadıhe is in the middle of barking | bizüre turabızwe are in the middle of barking | sizüre turasızyou all are in the middle of barking | alaüre turadılathey are in the middle of barking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menüre turmaymaI am not in the middle of barking | senüre turmaysayou are not in the middle of barking | olüre turmaydıhe is not in the middle of barking | bizüre turmaybızwe are not in the middle of barking | sizüre turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of barking | alaüre turmaydılathey are not in the middle of barking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menüre turamamı? üre turamıma?am I in the middle of barking? | senüre turamısa?are you in the middle of barking? | olüre turamıdı?is he in the middle of barking? | bizüre turabızmı? üre turamıbız?are we in the middle of barking? | sizüre turamısız?are you all in the middle of barking? | alaüre turamıdıla?are they in the middle of barking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menüre turmaymamı? üre turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of barking? | senüre turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of barking? | olüre turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of barking? | bizüre turmaybızmı? üre turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of barking? | sizüre turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of barking? | alaüre turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of barking? |
| Simple past (definite) | menürdümI barked | senürdüŋyou barked | olürdühe barked | bizürdükwe barked | sizürdügüzyou all barked | alaürdülethey barked |
| Simple past (definite) | menürmedimI didn't bark | senürmediŋyou didn't bark | olürmedihe didn't bark | bizürmedikwe didn't bark | sizürmedigizyou all didn't bark | alaürmedilethey didn't bark |
| Simple past (definite) | menürdümmü?did I bark? | senürdüŋmü?did you bark? | olürdümü?did he bark? | bizürdükmü?did we bark? | sizürdügüzmü?did you all bark? | alaürdülemi?did they bark? |
| Simple past (definite) | menürmedimmi?didn't I bark? | senürmediŋmi?didn't you bark? | olürmedimi?didn't he bark? | bizürmedikmi?didn't we bark? | sizürmedigizmi?didn't you all bark? | alaürmedilemi?didn't they bark? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürgenmeI have barked | senürgenseyou have barked | olürgendihe has barked | bizürgenbizwe have barked | sizürgensizyou all have barked | alaürgendilethey have barked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürmegenmeI haven't barked | senürmegenseyou haven't barked | olürmegendihe hasn't barked | bizürmegenbizwe haven't barked | sizürmegensizyou all haven't barked | alaürmegendilethey haven't barked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürgenmemi? ürgenmime?have I barked? | senürgenmise?have you barked? | olürgenmidi?has he barked? | bizürgenbizmi? ürgenmibiz?have we barked? | sizürgenmisiz?have you all barked? | alaürgenmidile?have they barked? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürmegenmemi? ürmegenmime?haven't I barked? | senürmegenmise?haven't you barked? | olürmegenmidi?hasn't he barked? | bizürmegenbizmi? ürmegenmibiz?haven't we barked? | sizürmegenmisiz?haven't you all barked? | alaürmegenmidile?haven't they barked? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menürüb turdumI kept barking | senürüb turduŋyou kept barking | olürüb turduhe kept barking | bizürüb turduqwe kept barking | sizürüb turduğuzyou all kept barking | alaürüb turdulathey kept barking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menürüb turmadımI didn't keep barking | senürüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep barking | olürüb turmadıhe didn't keep barking | bizürüb turmadıqwe didn't keep barking | sizürüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep barking | alaürüb turmadılathey didn't keep barking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürürmeI will bark | senürürseyou will bark | olürürhe will bark | bizürürbüzwe will bark | sizürürsüzyou all will bark | alaürürlethey will bark |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürmezmeI won't bark | senürmezseyou won't bark | olürmezhe won't bark | bizürmezbizwe won't bark | sizürmezsizyou all won't bark | alaürmezlethey won't bark |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürürmemi? ürürmüme?will I bark? | senürürmüse?will you bark? | olürürmü?will he bark? | bizürürbüzmü? ürürmübüz?will we bark? | sizürürmüsüz?will you all bark? | alaürürlemi? ürürmüle?will they bark? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürmezmemi? ürmezmime?won't I bark? | senürmezmise?won't you bark? | olürmezmi?won't he bark? | bizürmezbizmi? ürmezmibiz?won't we bark? | sizürmezmisiz?won't you all bark? | alaürmezlemi? ürmezmile?won't they bark? |
| Definite future (future II) | menürlükme1ürrükmeI am going to bark | senürlükse1ürrükseyou are going to bark | olürlükdü1ürrükdühe is going to bark | bizürlükbüz1ürrükbüzwe are going to bark | sizürlüksüz1ürrüksüzyou all are going to bark | alaürlükdüle1ürrükdülethey are going to bark |
| Definite future (future II) | menürlük tülme1ürrük tülmeI am not going to bark | senürlük tülse1ürrük tülseyou are not going to bark | olürlük tüldü1ürrük tüldühe is not going to bark | bizürlük tülbüz1ürrük tülbüzwe are not going to bark | sizürlük tülsüz1ürrük tülsüzyou all are not going to bark | alaürlük tüldüle1ürrük tüldülethey are not going to bark |
| Definite future (future II) | menürlükmemi?1 ürlükmüme?ürrükmemi?am I going to bark? | senürlükmüse?1ürrükmüse?are you going to bark? | olürlükmüdü?1ürrükmüdü?is he going to bark? | bizürlükbüzmü?1 ürlükmübüz?ürrükbüzmü?are we going to bark? | sizürlükmüsüz?1ürrükmüsüz?are you all going to bark? | alaürlükmüdüle?1ürrükmüdüle?are they going to bark? |
| Definite future (future II) | menürlük tülmüme?1ürrük tülmüme?aren't I going to bark? | senürlük tülmüse?1ürrük tülmüse?aren't you going to bark? | olürlük tülmüdü?1ürrük tülmüdü?isn't he going to bark? | bizürlük tülmübüz?1ürrük tülmübüz?aren't we going to bark? | sizürlük tülmüsüz?1ürrük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to bark? | alaürlük tülmüdüle?1ürrük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to bark? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ürrükdü
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menürgen edimürgenemI had barked | senürgen ediŋürgeneŋyou had barked | olürgen ediürgenedhe had barked | bizürgen edikürgenekwe had barked | sizürgen edigizürgenegizyou all had barked | alaürgen edileürgenellethey had barked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menürmegen edimürmegenemI hadn't barked | senürmegen ediŋürmegeneŋyou hadn't barked | olürmegen ediürmegenedhe hadn't barked | bizürmegen edikürmegenekwe hadn't barked | sizürmegen edigizürmegenegizyou all hadn't barked | alaürmegen edileürmegenellethey hadn't barked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menüre edimüremI was barking | senüre ediŋüreŋyou were barking | olüre ediüredhe was barking | bizüre edikürekwe were barking | sizüre edigizüregizyou all were barking | alaüre edileürellethey were barking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menürmey edimürmeyemI wasn't barking | senürmey ediŋürmeyeŋyou weren't barking | olürmey ediürmeyedhe wasn't barking | bizürmey edikürmeyekwe weren't barking | sizürmey edigizürmeyegizyou all weren't barking | alaürmey edileürmeyellethey weren't barking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menürüwçen edimürüwçenemI used to bark | senürüwçen ediŋürüwçeneŋyou used to bark | olürüwçen ediürüwçenedhe used to bark | bizürüwçen edikürüwçenekwe used to bark | sizürüwçen edigizürüwçenegizyou all used to bark | alaürüwçen edileürüwçenellethey used to bark |
| Habitual past (used to) | menürmewçen edimürmewçenemI didn't use to bark | senürmewçen ediŋürmewçeneŋyou didn't use to bark | olürmewçen ediürmewçenedhe didn't use to bark | bizürmewçen edikürmewçenekwe didn't use to bark | sizürmewçen edigizürmewçenegizyou all didn't use to bark | alaürmewçen edileürmewçenellethey didn't use to bark |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olürüb edihe had barked and remained so | alaürüb edilethey had barked and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olürüb tül edihe hadn't barked | alaürüb tül edilethey hadn't barked | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menürüb tura edimürüb turaemI had kept barking | senürüb tura ediŋürüb turaeŋyou had kept barking | olürüb tura ediürüb turaedhe had kept barking | bizürüb tura edikürüb turaekwe had kept barking | sizürüb tura edigizürüb turaegizyou all had kept barking | alaürüb tura edileürüb turaellethey had kept barking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menürüb turmay edimürüb turmayemI hadn't kept barking | senürüb turmay ediŋürüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept barking | olürüb turmay ediürüb turmayedhe hadn't kept barking | bizürüb turmay edikürüb turmayekwe hadn't kept barking | sizürüb turmay edigizürüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept barking | alaürüb turmay edileürüb turmayellethey hadn't kept barking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menüre tura edimüre turaemI was in the middle of barking | senüre tura ediŋüre turaeŋyou were in the middle of barking | olüre tura ediüre turaedhe was in the middle of barking | bizüre tura ediküre turaekwe were in the middle of barking | sizüre tura edigizüre turaegizyou all were in the middle of barking | alaüre tura edileüre turaellethey were in the middle of barking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menüre turmay edimüre turmayemI wasn't in the middle of barking | senüre turmay ediŋüre turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of barking | olüre turmay ediüre turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of barking | bizüre turmay ediküre turmayekwe weren't in the middle of barking | sizüre turmay edigizüre turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of barking | alaüre turmay edileüre turmayellethey weren't in the middle of barking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menürür edimürür emI would bark | senürür ediŋürür eŋyou would bark | olürür ediürür edhe would bark | bizürür edikürür ekwe would bark | sizürür edigizürür egizyou all would bark | alaürür edileürür ellethey would bark |
| Conditional result (would) | menürmez edimürmez emI wouldn't bark | senürmez ediŋürmez eŋyou wouldn't bark | olürmez ediürmez edhe wouldn't bark | bizürmez edikürmez ekwe wouldn't bark | sizürmez edigizürmez egizyou all wouldn't bark | alaürmez edileürmez ellethey wouldn't bark |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menürlük edim2ürlük emürrük edimI would have barked | senürlük ediŋ2ürlük eŋürrük ediŋyou would have barked | olürlük edi2ürlük edürrük edihe would have barked | bizürlük edik2ürlük ekürrük edikwe would have barked | sizürlük edigiz2ürlük egizürrük edigizyou all would have barked | alaürlük edile2ürlük elleürrük edilethey would have barked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menürlük tül edim2ürlük tül emürrük tül edimI wouldn't have barked | senürlük tül ediŋ2ürlük tül eŋürrük tül ediŋyou wouldn't have barked | olürlük tül edi2ürlük tül edürrük tül edihe wouldn't have barked | bizürlük tül edik2ürlük tül ekürrük tül edikwe wouldn't have barked | sizürlük tül edigiz2ürlük tül egizürrük tül edigizyou all wouldn't have barked | alaürlük tül edile2ürlük tül elleürrük tül edilethey wouldn't have barked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ürrük edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menürsemif I bark | senürseŋif you bark | olürseif he barks | bizürsekif we bark | sizürsegizif you all bark | alaürseleif they bark |
| Conditional | menürmesemif I don't bark | senürmeseŋif you don't bark | olürmeseif he doesn't bark | bizürmesekif we don't bark | sizürmesegizif you all don't bark | alaürmeseleif they don't bark |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menüre esemif I am barking | senüre eseŋif you are barking | olüre eseif he is barking | bizüre esekif we are barking | sizüre esegizif you all are barking | alaüre eseleif they are barking |
| Conditional, present real | menürmey esemif I am not barking | senürmey eseŋif you are not barking | olürmey eseif he is not barking | bizürmey esekif we are not barking | sizürmey esegizif you all are not barking | alaürmey eseleif they are not barking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menürsem ediürsem edif only I barked | senürseŋ ediürseŋ edif only you barked | olürse ediürsedif only he barked | bizürsek ediürsek edif only we barked | sizürsegiz ediürsegiz edif only you all barked | alaürsele ediürseledif only they barked |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menürmesem ediürmesem edif only I didn't bark | senürmeseŋ ediürmeseŋ edif only you didn't bark | olürmese ediürmesedif only he didn't bark | bizürmesek ediürmesek edif only we didn't bark | sizürmesegiz ediürmesegiz edif only you all didn't bark | alaürmesele ediürmeseledif only they didn't bark |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menürüb tursamif I carry on barking | senürüb tursaŋif you carry on barking | olürüb tursaif he carries on barking | bizürüb tursaqif we carry on barking | sizürüb tursağızif you all carry on barking | alaürüb tursalaif they carry on barking |
| Durative conditional | menürüb turmasamif I don't carry on barking | senürüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on barking | olürüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on barking | bizürüb turmasaqif we don't carry on barking | sizürüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on barking | alaürüb turmasalaif they don't carry on barking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menürüb tura esemif I have kept barking | senürüb tura eseŋif you have kept barking | olürüb tura eseif he has kept barking | bizürüb tura esekif we have kept barking | sizürüb tura esegizif you all have kept barking | alaürüb tura eseleif they have kept barking |
| Durative conditional, present real | menürüb turmay esemif I haven't kept barking | senürüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept barking | olürüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept barking | bizürüb turmay esekif we haven't kept barking | sizürüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept barking | alaürüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept barking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menüre tursamif I keep barking | senüre tursaŋif you keep barking | olüre tursaif he keeps barking | bizüre tursaqif we keep barking | sizüre tursağızif you all keep barking | alaüre tursalaif they keep barking |
| Progressive conditional | menürmey tursamif I keep on not barking | senürmey tursaŋif you keep on not barking | olürmey tursaif he keeps on not barking | bizürmey tursaqif we keep on not barking | sizürmey tursağızif you all keep on not barking | alaürmey tursalaif they keep on not barking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menüre tura esemif I am in the middle of barking | senüre tura eseŋif you are in the middle of barking | olüre tura eseif he is in the middle of barking | bizüre tura esekif we are in the middle of barking | sizüre tura esegizif you all are in the middle of barking | alaüre tura eseleif they are in the middle of barking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menürmey tura esemif I keep on not barking | senürmey tura eseŋif you keep on not barking | olürmey tura eseif he keeps on not barking | bizürmey tura esekif we keep on not barking | sizürmey tura esegizif you all keep on not barking | alaürmey tura eseleif they keep on not barking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menürdüm esemif I barked | senürdüŋ eseŋif you barked | olürdü eseif he barked | bizürdük esekif we barked | sizürdügüz esegizif you all barked | alaürdüle eseleif they barked |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menürmedim esemif I didn't bark | senürmediŋ eseŋif you didn't bark | olürmedi eseif he didn't bark | bizürmedik esekif we didn't bark | sizürmedigiz esegizif you all didn't bark | alaürmedile eseleif they didn't bark |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menürgen esemif I did bark (indeed) | senürgen eseŋif you did bark (indeed) | olürgen eseif he did bark (indeed) | bizürgen esekif we did bark (indeed) | sizürgen esegizif you all did bark (indeed) | alaürgen eseleif they did bark (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menürmegen esemif I didn't bark (indeed) | senürmegen eseŋif you didn't bark (indeed) | olürmegen eseif he didn't bark (indeed) | bizürmegen esekif we didn't bark (indeed) | sizürmegen esegizif you all didn't bark (indeed) | alaürmegen eseleif they didn't bark (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menürgen bolsamif I had barked | senürgen bolsaŋif you had barked | olürgen bolsaif he had barked | bizürgen bolsaqif we had barked | sizürgen bolsağızif you all had barked | alaürgen bolsalaif they had barked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menürmegen bolsamif I hadn't barked | senürmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't barked | olürmegen bolsaif he hadn't barked | bizürmegen bolsaqif we hadn't barked | sizürmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't barked | alaürmegen bolsalaif they hadn't barked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menürgen bolsam ediürgen bolsam edif only I had barked | senürgen bolsaŋ ediürgen bolsaŋ edif only you had barked | olürgen bolsa ediürgen bolsaedif only he had barked | bizürgen bolsaq ediürgen bolsaq edif only we had barked | sizürgen bolsağız ediürgen bolsağız edif only you all had barked | alaürgen bolsala ediürgen bolsalaedif only they had barked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menürmegen bolsam ediürmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't barked | senürmegen bolsaŋ ediürmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't barked | olürmegen bolsa ediürmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't barked | bizürmegen bolsaq ediürmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't barked | sizürmegen bolsağız ediürmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't barked | alaürmegen bolsala ediürmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't barked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menürür esemif I will bark | senürür eseŋif you will bark | olürür eseif he will bark | bizürür esekif we will bark | sizürür esegizif you all will bark | alaürür eseleif they will bark |
| Conditional, aorist | menürmez esemif I won't bark | senürmez eseŋif you won't bark | olürmez eseif he won't bark | bizürmez esekif we won't bark | sizürmez esegizif you all won't bark | alaürmez eseleif they won't bark |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menürlük esem4ürrük esemif I am going to bark | senürlük eseŋ4ürrük eseŋif you are going to bark | olürlük ese4ürrük eseif he is going to bark | bizürlük esek4ürrük esekif we are going to bark | sizürlük esegiz4ürrük esegizif you all are going to bark | alaürlük esele4ürrük eseleif they are going to bark |
| Conditional, future | menürlük tül esem4ürrük tül esemif I am not going to bark | senürlük tül eseŋ4ürrük tül eseŋif you are not going to bark | olürlük tül ese4ürrük tül eseif he is not going to bark | bizürlük tül esek4ürrük tül esekif we are not going to bark | sizürlük tül esegiz4ürrük tül esegizif you all are not going to bark | alaürlük tül esele4ürrük tül eseleif they are not going to bark |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menürlük bolsam5ürrük bolsamif I were going to bark | senürlük bolsaŋ5ürrük bolsaŋif you were going to bark | olürlük bolsa5ürrük bolsaif he were going to bark | bizürlük bolsaq5ürrük bolsaqif we were going to bark | sizürlük bolsağız5ürrük bolsağızif you all were going to bark | alaürlük bolsala5ürrük bolsalaif they were going to bark |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menürmezlik bolsamif I were not going to bark | senürmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to bark | olürmezlik bolsaif he were not going to bark | bizürmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to bark | sizürmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to bark | alaürmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to bark |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ürdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ürrük ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ürrük bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menüre bolurmaI must be barking | senüre bolursayou must be barking | olüre bolurhe must be barking | bizüre bolurbuzwe must be barking | sizüre bolursuzyou all must be barking | alaüre bolurlathey must be barking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menürmey bolurmaI must not be barking | senürmey bolursayou must not be barking | olürmey bolurhe must not be barking | bizürmey bolurbuzwe must not be barking | sizürmey bolursuzyou all must not be barking | alaürmey bolurlathey must not be barking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menüre tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of barking | senüre tura bolursayou must be in the middle of barking | olüre tura bolurhe must be in the middle of barking | bizüre tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of barking | sizüre tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of barking | alaüre tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of barking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menürmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not barking | senürmey tura bolursayou must keep on not barking | olürmey tura bolurhe must keep on not barking | bizürmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not barking | sizürmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not barking | alaürmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not barking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menürgen bolurmaI must have barked | senürgen bolursayou must have barked | olürgen bolurhe must have barked | bizürgen bolurbuzwe must have barked | sizürgen bolursuzyou all must have barked | alaürgen bolurlathey must have barked |
| Inference (must have) | menürmegen bolurmaI must not have barked | senürmegen bolursayou must not have barked | olürmegen bolurhe must not have barked | bizürmegen bolurbuzwe must not have barked | sizürmegen bolursuzyou all must not have barked | alaürmegen bolurlathey must not have barked |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menürlük bolurma6ürrük bolurmaI must be going to bark | senürlük bolursa6ürrük bolursayou must be going to bark | olürlük bolur6ürrük bolurhe must be going to bark | bizürlük bolurbuz6ürrük bolurbuzwe must be going to bark | sizürlük bolursuz6ürrük bolursuzyou all must be going to bark | alaürlük bolurla6ürrük bolurlathey must be going to bark |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menürmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to bark | senürmezlik bolursayou must not be going to bark | olürmezlik bolurhe must not be going to bark | bizürmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to bark | sizürmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to bark | alaürmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to bark |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ürrük bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menüreyimlet me bark | senür!bark! | olürsünlet him bark | bizüreyiklet's bark | sizürügüz!bark, you all! | alaürsünlelet them bark |
| Commands & suggestions | menürmeyimlet me not bark | senürme!don't bark! | olürmesinlet him not bark | bizürmeyiklet's not bark | sizürmegiz!don't bark, you all! | alaürmesinlelet them not bark |
| Commands & suggestions | menüreyimmi?shall I bark? | olürsünmü?should he bark? | bizüreyikmi?shall we bark? | alaürsünlemi?should they bark? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menürmeyimmi?shall I not bark? | olürmesinmi?should he not bark? | bizürmeyikmi?shall we not bark? | alaürmesinlemi?should they not bark? | ||
| Requests | senürçü7ürçünplease bark | olürsünçüdo let him bark | sizürçügüzplease bark (plural/polite) | alaürsünleçido let them bark | ||
| Requests | senürmeçi7ürmeçinplease don't bark | olürmesinçido let him not bark | sizürmeçigizplease don't bark (plural/polite) | alaürmesinleçido let them not bark | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senürgünürgümay you bark | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senürmeginürmegimay you not bark | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menürgey edim ürge edimwould that I barked | senürgey ediŋ ürge ediŋwould that you barked | olürgey edi ürge ediwould that he barked | bizürgey edik ürge edikwould that we barked | sizürgey edigiz ürge edigizwould that you all barked | alaürgey edile ürge edilewould that they barked |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menürmegey edim ürmege edimwould that I did not bark | senürmegey ediŋ ürmege ediŋwould that you did not bark | olürmegey edi ürmege ediwould that he did not bark | bizürmegey edik ürmege edikwould that we did not bark | sizürmegey edigiz ürmege edigizwould that you all did not bark | alaürmegey edile ürmege edilewould that they did not bark |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menürmege qoyayımürme qoyayımlet me allow someone to bark | senürmege qoy!ürme qoy!let someone bark! | olürmege qoysunürme qoysunlet him allow someone to bark | bizürmege qoyayıqürme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to bark | sizürmege qoyuğuz!ürme qoyuğuz!let someone bark, you all! | alaürmege qoysunlaürme qoysunlalet them allow someone to bark |
| Let someone… (commands) | menürmege qoymayımürme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to bark | senürmege qoyma!ürme qoyma!don't let someone bark! | olürmege qoymasınürme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to bark | bizürmege qoymayıqürme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to bark | sizürmege qoymağız!ürme qoymağız!don't let someone bark, you all! | alaürmege qoymasınlaürme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to bark |
| Let someone… (commands) | menürmege qoyayımmı?ürme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to bark? | olürmege qoysunmu?ürme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to bark? | bizürmege qoyayıqmı?ürme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to bark? | alaürmege qoysunlamı?ürme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to bark? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menürmege qoymayımmı?ürme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to bark? | olürmege qoymasınmı?ürme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to bark? | bizürmege qoymayıqmı?ürme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to bark? | alaürmege qoymasınlamı?ürme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to bark? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menürmege qoyamaürme qoyamaI allow someone to bark | senürmege qoyasaürme qoyasayou allow someone to bark | olürmege qoyadıürme qoyadıhe allows someone to bark | bizürmege qoyabızürme qoyabızwe allow someone to bark | sizürmege qoyasızürme qoyasızyou all allow someone to bark | alaürmege qoyadılaürme qoyadılathey allow someone to bark |
| Let someone… (present) | menürmege qoymaymaürme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to bark | senürmege qoymaysaürme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to bark | olürmege qoymaydıürme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to bark | bizürmege qoymaybızürme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to bark | sizürmege qoymaysızürme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to bark | alaürmege qoymaydılaürme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to bark |
| Let someone… (present) | menürmege qoyamamı?ürme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to bark? | senürmege qoyamısa?ürme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to bark? | olürmege qoyamıdı?ürme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to bark? | bizürmege qoyabızmı?ürme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to bark? | sizürmege qoyamısız?ürme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to bark? | alaürmege qoyamıdıla?ürme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to bark? |
| Let someone… (present) | menürmege qoymaymamı?ürme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to bark? | senürmege qoymaymısa?ürme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to bark? | olürmege qoymaymıdı?ürme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to bark? | bizürmege qoymaybızmı?ürme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to bark? | sizürmege qoymaymısız?ürme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to bark? | alaürmege qoymaymıdıla?ürme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to bark? |
| Let someone… (past) | menürmege qoydumürme qoydumI allowed someone to bark | senürmege qoyduŋürme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to bark | olürmege qoyduürme qoyduhe allowed someone to bark | bizürmege qoyduqürme qoyduqwe allowed someone to bark | sizürmege qoyduğuzürme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to bark | alaürmege qoydulaürme qoydulathey allowed someone to bark |
| Let someone… (past) | menürmege qoymadımürme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to bark | senürmege qoymadıŋürme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to bark | olürmege qoymadıürme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to bark | bizürmege qoymadıqürme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to bark | sizürmege qoymadığızürme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to bark | alaürmege qoymadılaürme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to bark |
| Let someone… (past) | menürmege qoydummu?ürme qoydummu?did I allow someone to bark? | senürmege qoyduŋmu?ürme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to bark? | olürmege qoydumu?ürme qoydumu?did he allow someone to bark? | bizürmege qoyduqmu?ürme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to bark? | sizürmege qoyduğuzmu?ürme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to bark? | alaürmege qoydulamı?ürme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to bark? |
| Let someone… (past) | menürmege qoymadımmı?ürme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to bark? | senürmege qoymadıŋmı?ürme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to bark? | olürmege qoymadımı?ürme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to bark? | bizürmege qoymadıqmı?ürme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to bark? | sizürmege qoymadığızmı?ürme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to bark? | alaürmege qoymadılamı?ürme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to bark? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
üralırğa be able to bark · üralmazğa be unable to bark
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menüralamaI can bark | senüralasayou can bark | olüraladıhe can bark | bizüralabızwe can bark | sizüralasızyou all can bark | alaüraladılathey can bark |
| Ability — present | menüralmaymaI can't bark | senüralmaysayou can't bark | olüralmaydıhe can't bark | bizüralmaybızwe can't bark | sizüralmaysızyou all can't bark | alaüralmaydılathey can't bark |
| Ability — present | menüralamamı? üralamıma?can I bark? | senüralamısa?can you bark? | olüralamıdı?can he bark? | bizüralabızmı? üralamıbız?can we bark? | sizüralamısız?can you all bark? | alaüralamıdıla?can they bark? |
| Ability — present | menüralmaymamı? üralmaymıma?can't I bark? | senüralmaymısa?can't you bark? | olüralmaymıdı?can't he bark? | bizüralmaybızmı? üralmaymıbız?can't we bark? | sizüralmaymısız?can't you all bark? | alaüralmaymıdıla?can't they bark? |
| Ability — if I can… | menüralsamif I can bark | senüralsaŋif you can bark | olüralsaif he can bark | bizüralsaqif we can bark | sizüralsağızif you all can bark | alaüralsalaif they can bark |
| Ability — if I can… | menüralmasamif I can't bark | senüralmasaŋif you can't bark | olüralmasaif he can't bark | bizüralmasaqif we can't bark | sizüralmasağızif you all can't bark | alaüralmasalaif they can't bark |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menüraldımI was able to bark | senüraldıŋyou were able to bark | olüraldıhe was able to bark | bizüraldıqwe were able to bark | sizüraldığızyou all were able to bark | alaüraldılathey were able to bark |
| Ability — simple past | menüralmadımI could not bark | senüralmadıŋyou could not bark | olüralmadıhe could not bark | bizüralmadıqwe could not bark | sizüralmadığızyou all could not bark | alaüralmadılathey could not bark |
| Ability — simple past | menüraldımmı?was I able to bark? | senüraldıŋmı?were you able to bark? | olüraldımı?was he able to bark? | bizüraldıqmı?were we able to bark? | sizüraldığızmı?were you all able to bark? | alaüraldılamı?were they able to bark? |
| Ability — simple past | menüralmadımmı?couldn't I bark? | senüralmadıŋmı?couldn't you bark? | olüralmadımı?couldn't he bark? | bizüralmadıqmı?couldn't we bark? | sizüralmadığızmı?couldn't you all bark? | alaüralmadılamı?couldn't they bark? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menüralğanmaI have been able to bark | senüralğansayou have been able to bark | olüralğandıhe has been able to bark | bizüralğanbızwe have been able to bark | sizüralğansızyou all have been able to bark | alaüralğandılathey have been able to bark |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menüralmağanmaI haven't been able to bark | senüralmağansayou haven't been able to bark | olüralmağandıhe hasn't been able to bark | bizüralmağanbızwe haven't been able to bark | sizüralmağansızyou all haven't been able to bark | alaüralmağandılathey haven't been able to bark |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menüralğanmamı? üralğanmıma?have I been able to bark? | senüralğanmısa?have you been able to bark? | olüralğanmıdı?has he been able to bark? | bizüralğanbızmı? üralğanmıbız?have we been able to bark? | sizüralğanmısız?have you all been able to bark? | alaüralğanmıdıla?have they been able to bark? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menüralmağanmamı? üralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to bark? | senüralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to bark? | olüralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to bark? | bizüralmağanbızmı? üralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to bark? | sizüralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to bark? | alaüralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to bark? |
| Ability — past perfect | menüralğan edimüralğanemI had been able to bark | senüralğan ediŋüralğaneŋyou had been able to bark | olüralğan ediüralğanedhe had been able to bark | bizüralğan ediküralğanekwe had been able to bark | sizüralğan edigizüralğanegizyou all had been able to bark | alaüralğan edileüralğanellethey had been able to bark |
| Ability — past perfect | menüralmağan edimüralmağanemI hadn't been able to bark | senüralmağan ediŋüralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to bark | olüralmağan ediüralmağanedhe hadn't been able to bark | bizüralmağan ediküralmağanekwe hadn't been able to bark | sizüralmağan edigizüralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to bark | alaüralmağan edileüralmağanellethey hadn't been able to bark |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menürala edimüralaemI could bark | senürala ediŋüralaeŋyou could bark | olürala ediüralaedhe could bark | bizürala ediküralaekwe could bark | sizürala edigizüralaegizyou all could bark | alaürala edileüralaellethey could bark |
| Ability — past background | menüralmay edimüralmayemI could not bark | senüralmay ediŋüralmayeŋyou could not bark | olüralmay ediüralmayedhe could not bark | bizüralmay ediküralmayekwe could not bark | sizüralmay edigizüralmayegizyou all could not bark | alaüralmay edileüralmayellethey could not bark |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menüralırmaI will be able to bark | senüralırsayou will be able to bark | olüralırhe will be able to bark | bizüralırbızwe will be able to bark | sizüralırsızyou all will be able to bark | alaüralırlathey will be able to bark |
| Ability — future I | menüralmazmaI won't be able to bark | senüralmazsayou won't be able to bark | olüralmazhe won't be able to bark | bizüralmazbızwe won't be able to bark | sizüralmazsızyou all won't be able to bark | alaüralmazlathey won't be able to bark |
| Ability — future I | menüralırmamı? üralırmıma?will I be able to bark? | senüralırmısa?will you be able to bark? | olüralırmı?will he be able to bark? | bizüralırbızmı? üralırmıbız?will we be able to bark? | sizüralırmısız?will you all be able to bark? | alaüralırlamı? üralırmıla?will they be able to bark? |
| Ability — future I | menüralmazmamı? üralmazmıma?won't I be able to bark? | senüralmazmısa?won't you be able to bark? | olüralmazmı?won't he be able to bark? | bizüralmazbızmı? üralmazmıbız?won't we be able to bark? | sizüralmazmısız?won't you all be able to bark? | alaüralmazlamı? üralmazmıla?won't they be able to bark? |
| Ability — future II | menürallıqmaI am going to be able to bark | senürallıqsayou are going to be able to bark | olürallıqdıhe is going to be able to bark | bizürallıqbızwe are going to be able to bark | sizürallıqsızyou all are going to be able to bark | alaürallıqdılathey are going to be able to bark |
| Ability — future II | menürallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to bark | senürallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to bark | olürallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to bark | bizürallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to bark | sizürallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to bark | alaürallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to bark |
| Ability — future II | menürallıqmamı? ürallıqmıma?am I going to be able to bark? | senürallıqmısa?are you going to be able to bark? | olürallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to bark? | bizürallıqbızmı? ürallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to bark? | sizürallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to bark? | alaürallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to bark? |
| Ability — future II | menürallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to bark? | senürallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to bark? | olürallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to bark? | bizürallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to bark? | sizürallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to bark? | alaürallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to bark? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menüralır edimüralır emI would be able to bark | senüralır ediŋüralır eŋyou would be able to bark | olüralır ediüralır edhe would be able to bark | bizüralır ediküralır ekwe would be able to bark | sizüralır edigizüralır egizyou all would be able to bark | alaüralır edileüralır ellethey would be able to bark |
| Ability — would be able to… | menüralmaz edimüralmaz emI wouldn't be able to bark | senüralmaz ediŋüralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to bark | olüralmaz ediüralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to bark | bizüralmaz ediküralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to bark | sizüralmaz edigizüralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to bark | alaüralmaz edileüralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to bark |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senüralğınüralğımay you be able to bark | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senüralmağınüralmağımay you not be able to bark | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menürürge izleymeI want to bark | senürürge izleyseyou want to bark | olürürge izleydihe wants to bark | bizürürge izleybizwe want to bark | sizürürge izleysizyou all want to bark | alaürürge izleydilethey want to bark |
| want to | menürürge izlemeymeI do not want to bark | senürürge izlemeyseyou do not want to bark | olürürge izlemeydihe does not want to bark | bizürürge izlemeybizwe do not want to bark | sizürürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to bark | alaürürge izlemeydilethey do not want to bark |
| would like to | menürürge süemeI would like to bark | senürürge süeseyou would like to bark | olürürge süedihe would like to bark | bizürürge süebizwe would like to bark | sizürürge süesizyou all would like to bark | alaürürge süedilethey would like to bark |
| would like to | menürürge süymeymeI would not like to bark | senürürge süymeyseyou would not like to bark | olürürge süymeydihe would not like to bark | bizürürge süymeybizwe would not like to bark | sizürürge süymeysizyou all would not like to bark | alaürürge süymeydilethey would not like to bark |
| hope to | menürürge umutlanamaI hope to bark | senürürge umutlanasayou hope to bark | olürürge umutlanadıhe hopes to bark | bizürürge umutlanabızwe hope to bark | sizürürge umutlanasızyou all hope to bark | alaürürge umutlanadılathey hope to bark |
| hope to | menürürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to bark | senürürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to bark | olürürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to bark | bizürürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to bark | sizürürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to bark | alaürürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to bark |
| be about to | menürürge deb turamaI am about to bark | senürürge deb turasayou are about to bark | olürürge deb turadıhe is about to bark | bizürürge deb turabızwe are about to bark | sizürürge deb turasızyou all are about to bark | alaürürge deb turadılathey are about to bark |
| be about to | menürürge deb turmaymaI am not about to bark | senürürge deb turmaysayou are not about to bark | olürürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to bark | bizürürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to bark | sizürürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to bark | alaürürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to bark |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menürürge kerekmeI need to bark | senürürge kerekseyou need to bark | olürürge kerekdihe needs to bark | bizürürge kerekbizwe need to bark | sizürürge kereksizyou all need to bark | alaürürge kerekdilethey need to bark |
| need to | menürürge kerek tülmeI do not need to bark | senürürge kerek tülseyou do not need to bark | olürürge kerek tüldühe does not need to bark | bizürürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to bark | sizürürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to bark | alaürürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to bark |
| have to | menmenŋe ürürge tüşediI have to bark | sensenŋe ürürge tüşediyou have to bark | olaŋa ürürge tüşedihe has to bark | bizbizge ürürge tüşediwe have to bark | sizsizge ürürge tüşediyou all have to bark | alaalağa ürürge tüşedithey have to bark |
| have to | menmenŋe ürürge tüşmeydiI do not have to bark | sensenŋe ürürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to bark | olaŋa ürürge tüşmeydihe does not have to bark | bizbizge ürürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to bark | sizsizge ürürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to bark | alaalağa ürürge tüşmeydithey do not have to bark |
| be obliged to | menürürge borçlumaI am obliged to bark | senürürge borçlusayou are obliged to bark | olürürge borçluduhe is obliged to bark | bizürürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to bark | sizürürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to bark | alaürürge borçludulathey are obliged to bark |
| be obliged to | menürürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to bark | senürürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to bark | olürürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to bark | bizürürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to bark | sizürürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to bark | alaürürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to bark |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menürürge madarım bardıI have a way to bark | senürürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to bark | olürürge madarı bardıhe has a way to bark | bizürürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to bark | sizürürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to bark | alaürürge madarları bardıthey have a way to bark |
| have a way to | menürürge madarım joqduI have no way to bark | senürürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to bark | olürürge madarı joqduhe has no way to bark | bizürürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to bark | sizürürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to bark | alaürürge madarları joqduthey have no way to bark |
| be free to | menürürge erkinligim bardıI am free to bark | senürürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to bark | olürürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to bark | bizürürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to bark | sizürürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to bark | alaürürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to bark |
| be free to | menürürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to bark | senürürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to bark | olürürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to bark | bizürürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to bark | sizürürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to bark | alaürürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to bark |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ürürge bolluqduit is possible for me to bark | sensenŋe ürürge bolluqduit is possible for you to bark | olaŋa ürürge bolluqduit is possible for him to bark | bizbizge ürürge bolluqduit is possible for us to bark | sizsizge ürürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to bark | alaalağa ürürge bolluqduit is possible for them to bark |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to bark | sensenŋe ürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to bark | olaŋa ürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to bark | bizbizge ürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to bark | sizsizge ürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to bark | alaalağa ürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to bark |
| be ready to | menürürge hazırmaI am ready to bark | senürürge hazırsayou are ready to bark | olürürge hazırdıhe is ready to bark | bizürürge hazırbızwe are ready to bark | sizürürge hazırsızyou all are ready to bark | alaürürge hazırdılathey are ready to bark |
| be ready to | menürürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to bark | senürürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to bark | olürürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to bark | bizürürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to bark | sizürürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to bark | alaürürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to bark |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menürürge küreşemeI am trying to bark | senürürge küreşeseyou are trying to bark | olürürge küreşedihe is trying to bark | bizürürge küreşebizwe are trying to bark | sizürürge küreşesizyou all are trying to bark | alaürürge küreşedilethey are trying to bark |
| try to | menürürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to bark | senürürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to bark | olürürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to bark | bizürürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to bark | sizürürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to bark | alaürürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to bark |
| agree to | menürürge unaymaI agree to bark | senürürge unaysayou agree to bark | olürürge unaydıhe agrees to bark | bizürürge unaybızwe agree to bark | sizürürge unaysızyou all agree to bark | alaürürge unaydılathey agree to bark |
| agree to | menürürge unamaymaI refuse to bark | senürürge unamaysayou refuse to bark | olürürge unamaydıhe refuses to bark | bizürürge unamaybızwe refuse to bark | sizürürge unamaysızyou all refuse to bark | alaürürge unamaydılathey refuse to bark |
| hurry to | menürürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to bark | senürürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to bark | olürürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to bark | bizürürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to bark | sizürürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to bark | alaürürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to bark |
| hurry to | menürürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to bark | senürürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to bark | olürürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to bark | bizürürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to bark | sizürürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to bark | alaürürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to bark |
| be afraid to | menürürge qorqamaI am afraid to bark | senürürge qorqasayou are afraid to bark | olürürge qorqadıhe is afraid to bark | bizürürge qorqabızwe are afraid to bark | sizürürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to bark | alaürürge qorqadılathey are afraid to bark |
| be afraid to | menürürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to bark | senürürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to bark | olürürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to bark | bizürürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to bark | sizürürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to bark | alaürürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to bark |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menüre bolmazmaI can't be barking | senüre bolmazsayou can't be barking | olüre bolmazhe can't be barking | bizüre bolmazbızwe can't be barking | sizüre bolmazsızyou all can't be barking | alaüre bolmazlathey can't be barking |
| Inference, present — double negation | menürmey bolmazmaI must be barking (emphatic) | senürmey bolmazsayou must be barking (emphatic) | olürmey bolmazhe must be barking (emphatic) | bizürmey bolmazbızwe must be barking (emphatic) | sizürmey bolmazsızyou all must be barking (emphatic) | alaürmey bolmazlathey must be barking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menüre turmasamif I don't keep barking | senüre turmasaŋif you don't keep barking | olüre turmasaif he doesn't keep barking | bizüre turmasaqif we don't keep barking | sizüre turmasağızif you all don't keep barking | alaüre turmasalaif they don't keep barking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menüre tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of barking | senüre tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of barking | olüre tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of barking | bizüre tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of barking | sizüre tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of barking | alaüre tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of barking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menürmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not barking (emphatic) | senürmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not barking (emphatic) | olürmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not barking (emphatic) | bizürmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not barking (emphatic) | sizürmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not barking (emphatic) | alaürmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not barking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menürmey turamaI keep on not barking | senürmey turasayou keep on not barking | olürmey turadıhe keeps on not barking | bizürmey turabızwe keep on not barking | sizürmey turasızyou all keep on not barking | alaürmey turadılathey keep on not barking |
| Progressive — double negation | menürmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not barking | senürmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not barking | olürmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not barking | bizürmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not barking | sizürmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not barking | alaürmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not barking |
| Progressive — double negation | menürmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not barking? | senürmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not barking? | olürmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not barking? | bizürmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not barking? | sizürmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not barking? | alaürmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not barking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menürgen bolmazmaI can't have barked | senürgen bolmazsayou can't have barked | olürgen bolmazhe can't have barked | bizürgen bolmazbızwe can't have barked | sizürgen bolmazsızyou all can't have barked | alaürgen bolmazlathey can't have barked |
| Inference — double negation | menürmegen bolmazmaI must have barked (emphatic) | senürmegen bolmazsayou must have barked (emphatic) | olürmegen bolmazhe must have barked (emphatic) | bizürmegen bolmazbızwe must have barked (emphatic) | sizürmegen bolmazsızyou all must have barked (emphatic) | alaürmegen bolmazlathey must have barked (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menürgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had barked | senürgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had barked | olürgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had barked | bizürgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had barked | sizürgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had barked | alaürgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had barked |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menürmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't barked | senürmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't barked | olürmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't barked | bizürmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't barked | sizürmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't barked | alaürmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't barked |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menürlük bolmazmaI can't be going to bark | senürlük bolmazsayou can't be going to bark | olürlük bolmazhe can't be going to bark | bizürlük bolmazbızwe can't be going to bark | sizürlük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to bark | alaürlük bolmazlathey can't be going to bark |
| Inference, future — double negation | menürmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to bark (emphatic) | senürmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to bark (emphatic) | olürmezlik bolmazhe must be going to bark (emphatic) | bizürmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to bark (emphatic) | sizürmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to bark (emphatic) | alaürmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to bark (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menürlük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to bark | senürlük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to bark | olürlük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to bark | bizürlük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to bark | sizürlük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to bark | alaürlük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to bark |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menürmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to bark | senürmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to bark | olürmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to bark | bizürmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to bark | sizürmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to bark | alaürmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to bark |