ülgü
/ylɡy/ · plural ülgüle
1. example, model, exemplar, ideal, standard (someone or something to follow or measure by) — Someone or something held up for others to follow, as in ülgü alırğa 'follow someone's example' and ülgü bolurğa 'set an example'.
- igi ülgü — a good example
- aşhı adam ülgüdü — a good person is an example
- adamlağa ülgü bolurğa — to be an example to people
- atası aŋa ülgüdü — their father is an example to them
- Qaysınnı jaşawu bizge ülgüdü — Kaisyn's life is an example to us
- ataŋdan ülgü al — take example from your father
- ülgüge tutarğa — to hold up as an example
- anı ülgüge tutabız — we hold them up as an example
- sabiylerge aşhı ülgü körgüz — show a good example to the children
- igiden ülgü alğan ayıb tüldü — taking example from the good is no shame
- batırdan ülgü alğan jaş qorqmaz — a youth who takes example from a hero will not fear
2. example, illustration (a case cited to explain something) — Used with keltirirge, 'give an example'.
- ülgü keltirirge — to give an example
- tarihden ülgü — an example from history
- ülgüle keltir — give examples
3. pattern, template, stencil (the cut-out shape or measurements a tailor or craftsman works from) — For example könçekni ülgüsü 'a trouser pattern'; it also covers the measurements taken for a garment. Before another noun it means stenciled: ülgü surat 'a stencil drawing'.
- könçekni ülgüsü — a trouser pattern
- çepkenni ülgüsün alırğa — to take the pattern of a dress
- kiyimni ülgü bla biçdile — they cut the garment by a pattern
- modada bolğan zatlanı ülgüleri — patterns of things in fashion
- ülgüsüz işlenŋen zat tüz bolmaz — a thing made without a pattern will not come out right
- usta temirge ülgü saldı — the craftsman laid a template on the iron
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ülgüthe example | ülgümmy example | ülgüŋyour example | ülgüsühis example | ülgübüzour example | ülgügüzyou all's example | ülgüleritheir examples |
| Genitive | ülgünüthe example's | ülgümümy example's | ülgüŋüyour example's | ülgüsünühis example's | ülgübüznüour example's | ülgügüznüyou all's example's | ülgülerinitheir examples' |
| Accusative | ülgünüthe example (as the object) | ülgümümy example (as the object) | ülgüŋüyour example (as the object) | ülgüsünhis example (as the object) | ülgübüznüour example (as the object) | ülgügüznüyou all's example (as the object) | ülgülerintheir examples (as the object) |
| Dative | ülgügeto the example | ülgümeto my example | ülgüŋeto your example | ülgüsüneto his example | ülgübüzgeto our example | ülgügüzgeto you all's example | ülgülerineto their examples |
| Locative | ülgüdein / at the example | ülgümdein / at my example | ülgüŋdein / at your example | ülgüsündein / at his example | ülgübüzdein / at our example | ülgügüzdein / at you all's example | ülgülerindein / at their examples |
| Ablative | ülgüdenfrom the example | ülgümdenfrom my example | ülgüŋdenfrom your example | ülgüsündenfrom his example | ülgübüzdenfrom our example | ülgügüzdenfrom you all's example | ülgülerindenfrom their examples |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ülgülethe examples | ülgülerimmy examples | ülgüleriŋyour examples | ülgülerihis examples | ülgüleribizour examples | ülgülerigizyou all's examples | ülgüleritheir examples |
| Genitive | ülgülenithe examples' | ülgülerimimy examples' | ülgüleriŋiyour examples' | ülgülerinihis examples' | ülgüleribizniour examples' | ülgülerigizniyou all's examples' | ülgülerinitheir examples' |
| Accusative | ülgülenithe examples (as the object) | ülgülerimimy examples (as the object) | ülgüleriŋiyour examples (as the object) | ülgülerinhis examples (as the object) | ülgüleribizniour examples (as the object) | ülgülerigizniyou all's examples (as the object) | ülgülerintheir examples (as the object) |
| Dative | ülgülegeto the examples | ülgülerimeto my examples | ülgüleriŋeto your examples | ülgülerineto his examples | ülgüleribizgeto our examples | ülgülerigizgeto you all's examples | ülgülerineto their examples |
| Locative | ülgüledein / at the examples | ülgülerimdein / at my examples | ülgüleriŋdein / at your examples | ülgülerindein / at his examples | ülgüleribizdein / at our examples | ülgülerigizdein / at you all's examples | ülgülerindein / at their examples |
| Ablative | ülgüledenfrom the examples | ülgülerimdenfrom my examples | ülgüleriŋdenfrom your examples | ülgülerindenfrom his examples | ülgüleribizdenfrom our examples | ülgülerigizdenfrom you all's examples | ülgülerindenfrom their examples |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: ülgüleri can mean "his / her examples", "their example", or "their examples" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.