çulğarğa
/tʃulʁarʁa/
1. wrap, wrap up, bundle up
- sabiyni juwurğanŋa çulğarğa — to bundle the child up in a blanket
- qağıtha çulğarğa — to wrap something in paper
- bıstırğa çulğa — wrap it in a rag
- qağıtha çulğab ber — wrap it in paper and give it
- çulğab berirge — to wrap something up and hand it over
2. roll up, furl
- juwurğannı çulğarğa — to roll up the blanket
- töşekni çulğadı — he rolled up the mattress
- çulğab salırğa — to roll something up and put it away
3. wind, coil — Said of thread or rope wound around something.
- halını çulğarğa — to wind the thread on
- halını çulğadı — she wound the thread on
- jıjımnı çarhha çulğarğa — to wind the rope onto the reel
4. knock down, fling to the ground one source
- urdu da jerge çulğadı — he struck him and flung him to the ground
Conjugation
Common forms
- çulğaydıhe is wrapping
- çulğadıhe wrapped
- çulğağandıhe has wrapped
- çulğarhe will wrap
- çulğarıqdıhe is going to wrap
- çulğay edihe was wrapping
- çulğasaif he wraps
- çulğa!wrap!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençulğaymaI am wrapping | sençulğaysayou are wrapping | olçulğaydıhe is wrapping | bizçulğaybızwe are wrapping | sizçulğaysızyou all are wrapping | alaçulğaydılathey are wrapping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençulğamaymaI am not wrapping | sençulğamaysayou are not wrapping | olçulğamaydıhe is not wrapping | bizçulğamaybızwe are not wrapping | sizçulğamaysızyou all are not wrapping | alaçulğamaydılathey are not wrapping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençulğaymamı? çulğaymıma?am I wrapping? | sençulğaymısa?are you wrapping? | olçulğaymıdı?is he wrapping? | bizçulğaybızmı? çulğaymıbız?are we wrapping? | sizçulğaymısız?are you all wrapping? | alaçulğaymıdıla?are they wrapping? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençulğamaymamı? çulğamaymıma?aren't I wrapping? | sençulğamaymısa?aren't you wrapping? | olçulğamaymıdı?isn't he wrapping? | bizçulğamaybızmı? çulğamaymıbız?aren't we wrapping? | sizçulğamaymısız?aren't you all wrapping? | alaçulğamaymıdıla?aren't they wrapping? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençulğawçanmaI usually wrap | sençulğawçansayou usually wrap | olçulğawçandıhe usually wraps | bizçulğawçanbızwe usually wrap | sizçulğawçansızyou all usually wrap | alaçulğawçandılathey usually wrap |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençulğamawçanmaI usually don't wrap | sençulğamawçansayou usually don't wrap | olçulğamawçandıhe usually doesn't wrap | bizçulğamawçanbızwe usually don't wrap | sizçulğamawçansızyou all usually don't wrap | alaçulğamawçandılathey usually don't wrap |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençulğawçanmamı? çulğawçanmıma?do I usually wrap? | sençulğawçanmısa?do you usually wrap? | olçulğawçanmıdı?does he usually wrap? | bizçulğawçanbızmı? çulğawçanmıbız?do we usually wrap? | sizçulğawçanmısız?do you all usually wrap? | alaçulğawçanmıdıla?do they usually wrap? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençulğamawçanmamı? çulğamawçanmıma?do I usually not wrap? | sençulğamawçanmısa?do you usually not wrap? | olçulğamawçanmıdı?does he usually not wrap? | bizçulğamawçanbızmı? çulğamawçanmıbız?do we usually not wrap? | sizçulğamawçanmısız?do you all usually not wrap? | alaçulğamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not wrap? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçulğabdıhe has wrapped and remains so | alaçulğabdılathey have wrapped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçulğabmıdı?has he wrapped? | alaçulğabmıdıla?have they wrapped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençulğab turamaI keep wrapping | sençulğab turasayou keep wrapping | olçulğab turadıhe keeps wrapping | bizçulğab turabızwe keep wrapping | sizçulğab turasızyou all keep wrapping | alaçulğab turadılathey keep wrapping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençulğab turmaymaI don't keep wrapping | sençulğab turmaysayou don't keep wrapping | olçulğab turmaydıhe doesn't keep wrapping | bizçulğab turmaybızwe don't keep wrapping | sizçulğab turmaysızyou all don't keep wrapping | alaçulğab turmaydılathey don't keep wrapping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençulğab turamamı? çulğab turamıma?do I keep wrapping? | sençulğab turamısa?do you keep wrapping? | olçulğab turamıdı?does he keep wrapping? | bizçulğab turabızmı? çulğab turamıbız?do we keep wrapping? | sizçulğab turamısız?do you all keep wrapping? | alaçulğab turamıdıla?do they keep wrapping? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençulğab turmaymamı? çulğab turmaymıma?don't I keep wrapping? | sençulğab turmaymısa?don't you keep wrapping? | olçulğab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep wrapping? | bizçulğab turmaybızmı? çulğab turmaymıbız?don't we keep wrapping? | sizçulğab turmaymısız?don't you all keep wrapping? | alaçulğab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep wrapping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençulğay turamaI am in the middle of wrapping | sençulğay turasayou are in the middle of wrapping | olçulğay turadıhe is in the middle of wrapping | bizçulğay turabızwe are in the middle of wrapping | sizçulğay turasızyou all are in the middle of wrapping | alaçulğay turadılathey are in the middle of wrapping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençulğay turmaymaI am not in the middle of wrapping | sençulğay turmaysayou are not in the middle of wrapping | olçulğay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of wrapping | bizçulğay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of wrapping | sizçulğay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of wrapping | alaçulğay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of wrapping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençulğay turamamı? çulğay turamıma?am I in the middle of wrapping? | sençulğay turamısa?are you in the middle of wrapping? | olçulğay turamıdı?is he in the middle of wrapping? | bizçulğay turabızmı? çulğay turamıbız?are we in the middle of wrapping? | sizçulğay turamısız?are you all in the middle of wrapping? | alaçulğay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of wrapping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençulğay turmaymamı? çulğay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of wrapping? | sençulğay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of wrapping? | olçulğay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of wrapping? | bizçulğay turmaybızmı? çulğay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of wrapping? | sizçulğay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of wrapping? | alaçulğay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of wrapping? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençulğadımI wrapped | sençulğadıŋyou wrapped | olçulğadıhe wrapped | bizçulğadıqwe wrapped | sizçulğadığızyou all wrapped | alaçulğadılathey wrapped |
| Simple past (definite) | mençulğamadımI didn't wrap | sençulğamadıŋyou didn't wrap | olçulğamadıhe didn't wrap | bizçulğamadıqwe didn't wrap | sizçulğamadığızyou all didn't wrap | alaçulğamadılathey didn't wrap |
| Simple past (definite) | mençulğadımmı?did I wrap? | sençulğadıŋmı?did you wrap? | olçulğadımı?did he wrap? | bizçulğadıqmı?did we wrap? | sizçulğadığızmı?did you all wrap? | alaçulğadılamı?did they wrap? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençulğamadımmı?didn't I wrap? | sençulğamadıŋmı?didn't you wrap? | olçulğamadımı?didn't he wrap? | bizçulğamadıqmı?didn't we wrap? | sizçulğamadığızmı?didn't you all wrap? | alaçulğamadılamı?didn't they wrap? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençulğağanmaI have wrapped | sençulğağansayou have wrapped | olçulğağandıhe has wrapped | bizçulğağanbızwe have wrapped | sizçulğağansızyou all have wrapped | alaçulğağandılathey have wrapped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençulğamağanmaI haven't wrapped | sençulğamağansayou haven't wrapped | olçulğamağandıhe hasn't wrapped | bizçulğamağanbızwe haven't wrapped | sizçulğamağansızyou all haven't wrapped | alaçulğamağandılathey haven't wrapped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençulğağanmamı? çulğağanmıma?have I wrapped? | sençulğağanmısa?have you wrapped? | olçulğağanmıdı?has he wrapped? | bizçulğağanbızmı? çulğağanmıbız?have we wrapped? | sizçulğağanmısız?have you all wrapped? | alaçulğağanmıdıla?have they wrapped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençulğamağanmamı? çulğamağanmıma?haven't I wrapped? | sençulğamağanmısa?haven't you wrapped? | olçulğamağanmıdı?hasn't he wrapped? | bizçulğamağanbızmı? çulğamağanmıbız?haven't we wrapped? | sizçulğamağanmısız?haven't you all wrapped? | alaçulğamağanmıdıla?haven't they wrapped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençulğab turdumI kept wrapping | sençulğab turduŋyou kept wrapping | olçulğab turduhe kept wrapping | bizçulğab turduqwe kept wrapping | sizçulğab turduğuzyou all kept wrapping | alaçulğab turdulathey kept wrapping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençulğab turmadımI didn't keep wrapping | sençulğab turmadıŋyou didn't keep wrapping | olçulğab turmadıhe didn't keep wrapping | bizçulğab turmadıqwe didn't keep wrapping | sizçulğab turmadığızyou all didn't keep wrapping | alaçulğab turmadılathey didn't keep wrapping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençulğarmaI will wrap | sençulğarsayou will wrap | olçulğarhe will wrap | bizçulğarbızwe will wrap | sizçulğarsızyou all will wrap | alaçulğarlathey will wrap |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençulğamazmaI won't wrap | sençulğamazsayou won't wrap | olçulğamazhe won't wrap | bizçulğamazbızwe won't wrap | sizçulğamazsızyou all won't wrap | alaçulğamazlathey won't wrap |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençulğarmamı? çulğarmıma?will I wrap? | sençulğarmısa?will you wrap? | olçulğarmı?will he wrap? | bizçulğarbızmı? çulğarmıbız?will we wrap? | sizçulğarmısız?will you all wrap? | alaçulğarlamı? çulğarmıla?will they wrap? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençulğamazmamı? çulğamazmıma?won't I wrap? | sençulğamazmısa?won't you wrap? | olçulğamazmı?won't he wrap? | bizçulğamazbızmı? çulğamazmıbız?won't we wrap? | sizçulğamazmısız?won't you all wrap? | alaçulğamazlamı? çulğamazmıla?won't they wrap? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençulğarıqmaI am going to wrap | sençulğarıqsayou are going to wrap | olçulğarıqdıhe is going to wrap | bizçulğarıqbızwe are going to wrap | sizçulğarıqsızyou all are going to wrap | alaçulğarıqdılathey are going to wrap |
| Definite future (future II) | mençulğarıq tülmeI am not going to wrap | sençulğarıq tülseyou are not going to wrap | olçulğarıq tüldühe is not going to wrap | bizçulğarıq tülbüzwe are not going to wrap | sizçulğarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to wrap | alaçulğarıq tüldülethey are not going to wrap |
| Definite future (future II) | mençulğarıqmamı? çulğarıqmıma?am I going to wrap? | sençulğarıqmısa?are you going to wrap? | olçulğarıqmıdı?is he going to wrap? | bizçulğarıqbızmı? çulğarıqmıbız?are we going to wrap? | sizçulğarıqmısız?are you all going to wrap? | alaçulğarıqmıdıla?are they going to wrap? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençulğarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to wrap? | sençulğarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to wrap? | olçulğarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to wrap? | bizçulğarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to wrap? | sizçulğarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to wrap? | alaçulğarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to wrap? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençulğağan edimçulğağanemI had wrapped | sençulğağan ediŋçulğağaneŋyou had wrapped | olçulğağan ediçulğağanedhe had wrapped | bizçulğağan edikçulğağanekwe had wrapped | sizçulğağan edigizçulğağanegizyou all had wrapped | alaçulğağan edileçulğağanellethey had wrapped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençulğamağan edimçulğamağanemI hadn't wrapped | sençulğamağan ediŋçulğamağaneŋyou hadn't wrapped | olçulğamağan ediçulğamağanedhe hadn't wrapped | bizçulğamağan edikçulğamağanekwe hadn't wrapped | sizçulğamağan edigizçulğamağanegizyou all hadn't wrapped | alaçulğamağan edileçulğamağanellethey hadn't wrapped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençulğay edimçulğayemI was wrapping | sençulğay ediŋçulğayeŋyou were wrapping | olçulğay ediçulğayedhe was wrapping | bizçulğay edikçulğayekwe were wrapping | sizçulğay edigizçulğayegizyou all were wrapping | alaçulğay edileçulğayellethey were wrapping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençulğamay edimçulğamayemI wasn't wrapping | sençulğamay ediŋçulğamayeŋyou weren't wrapping | olçulğamay ediçulğamayedhe wasn't wrapping | bizçulğamay edikçulğamayekwe weren't wrapping | sizçulğamay edigizçulğamayegizyou all weren't wrapping | alaçulğamay edileçulğamayellethey weren't wrapping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençulğawçan edimçulğawçanemI used to wrap | sençulğawçan ediŋçulğawçaneŋyou used to wrap | olçulğawçan ediçulğawçanedhe used to wrap | bizçulğawçan edikçulğawçanekwe used to wrap | sizçulğawçan edigizçulğawçanegizyou all used to wrap | alaçulğawçan edileçulğawçanellethey used to wrap |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençulğamawçan edimçulğamawçanemI didn't use to wrap | sençulğamawçan ediŋçulğamawçaneŋyou didn't use to wrap | olçulğamawçan ediçulğamawçanedhe didn't use to wrap | bizçulğamawçan edikçulğamawçanekwe didn't use to wrap | sizçulğamawçan edigizçulğamawçanegizyou all didn't use to wrap | alaçulğamawçan edileçulğamawçanellethey didn't use to wrap |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçulğab edihe had wrapped and remained so | alaçulğab edilethey had wrapped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçulğab tül edihe hadn't wrapped | alaçulğab tül edilethey hadn't wrapped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençulğab tura edimçulğab turaemI had kept wrapping | sençulğab tura ediŋçulğab turaeŋyou had kept wrapping | olçulğab tura ediçulğab turaedhe had kept wrapping | bizçulğab tura edikçulğab turaekwe had kept wrapping | sizçulğab tura edigizçulğab turaegizyou all had kept wrapping | alaçulğab tura edileçulğab turaellethey had kept wrapping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençulğab turmay edimçulğab turmayemI hadn't kept wrapping | sençulğab turmay ediŋçulğab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept wrapping | olçulğab turmay ediçulğab turmayedhe hadn't kept wrapping | bizçulğab turmay edikçulğab turmayekwe hadn't kept wrapping | sizçulğab turmay edigizçulğab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept wrapping | alaçulğab turmay edileçulğab turmayellethey hadn't kept wrapping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençulğay tura edimçulğay turaemI was in the middle of wrapping | sençulğay tura ediŋçulğay turaeŋyou were in the middle of wrapping | olçulğay tura ediçulğay turaedhe was in the middle of wrapping | bizçulğay tura edikçulğay turaekwe were in the middle of wrapping | sizçulğay tura edigizçulğay turaegizyou all were in the middle of wrapping | alaçulğay tura edileçulğay turaellethey were in the middle of wrapping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençulğay turmay edimçulğay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of wrapping | sençulğay turmay ediŋçulğay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of wrapping | olçulğay turmay ediçulğay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of wrapping | bizçulğay turmay edikçulğay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of wrapping | sizçulğay turmay edigizçulğay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of wrapping | alaçulğay turmay edileçulğay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of wrapping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençulğar edimçulğar emI would wrap | sençulğar ediŋçulğar eŋyou would wrap | olçulğar ediçulğar edhe would wrap | bizçulğar edikçulğar ekwe would wrap | sizçulğar edigizçulğar egizyou all would wrap | alaçulğar edileçulğar ellethey would wrap |
| Conditional result (would) | mençulğamaz edimçulğamaz emI wouldn't wrap | sençulğamaz ediŋçulğamaz eŋyou wouldn't wrap | olçulğamaz ediçulğamaz edhe wouldn't wrap | bizçulğamaz edikçulğamaz ekwe wouldn't wrap | sizçulğamaz edigizçulğamaz egizyou all wouldn't wrap | alaçulğamaz edileçulğamaz ellethey wouldn't wrap |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençulğarıq edimçulğarıq emI would have wrapped | sençulğarıq ediŋçulğarıq eŋyou would have wrapped | olçulğarıq ediçulğarıq edhe would have wrapped | bizçulğarıq edikçulğarıq ekwe would have wrapped | sizçulğarıq edigizçulğarıq egizyou all would have wrapped | alaçulğarıq edileçulğarıq ellethey would have wrapped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençulğarıq tül edimçulğarıq tül emI wouldn't have wrapped | sençulğarıq tül ediŋçulğarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have wrapped | olçulğarıq tül ediçulğarıq tül edhe wouldn't have wrapped | bizçulğarıq tül edikçulğarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have wrapped | sizçulğarıq tül edigizçulğarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have wrapped | alaçulğarıq tül edileçulğarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have wrapped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençulğasamif I wrap | sençulğasaŋif you wrap | olçulğasaif he wraps | bizçulğasaqif we wrap | sizçulğasağızif you all wrap | alaçulğasalaif they wrap |
| Conditional | mençulğamasamif I don't wrap | sençulğamasaŋif you don't wrap | olçulğamasaif he doesn't wrap | bizçulğamasaqif we don't wrap | sizçulğamasağızif you all don't wrap | alaçulğamasalaif they don't wrap |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençulğay esemif I am wrapping | sençulğay eseŋif you are wrapping | olçulğay eseif he is wrapping | bizçulğay esekif we are wrapping | sizçulğay esegizif you all are wrapping | alaçulğay eseleif they are wrapping |
| Conditional, present real | mençulğamay esemif I am not wrapping | sençulğamay eseŋif you are not wrapping | olçulğamay eseif he is not wrapping | bizçulğamay esekif we are not wrapping | sizçulğamay esegizif you all are not wrapping | alaçulğamay eseleif they are not wrapping |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençulğasam ediçulğasam edif only I wrapped | sençulğasaŋ ediçulğasaŋ edif only you wrapped | olçulğasa ediçulğasaedif only he wrapped | bizçulğasaq ediçulğasaq edif only we wrapped | sizçulğasağız ediçulğasağız edif only you all wrapped | alaçulğasala ediçulğasalaedif only they wrapped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençulğamasam ediçulğamasam edif only I didn't wrap | sençulğamasaŋ ediçulğamasaŋ edif only you didn't wrap | olçulğamasa ediçulğamasaedif only he didn't wrap | bizçulğamasaq ediçulğamasaq edif only we didn't wrap | sizçulğamasağız ediçulğamasağız edif only you all didn't wrap | alaçulğamasala ediçulğamasalaedif only they didn't wrap |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençulğab tursamif I carry on wrapping | sençulğab tursaŋif you carry on wrapping | olçulğab tursaif he carries on wrapping | bizçulğab tursaqif we carry on wrapping | sizçulğab tursağızif you all carry on wrapping | alaçulğab tursalaif they carry on wrapping |
| Durative conditional | mençulğab turmasamif I don't carry on wrapping | sençulğab turmasaŋif you don't carry on wrapping | olçulğab turmasaif he doesn't carry on wrapping | bizçulğab turmasaqif we don't carry on wrapping | sizçulğab turmasağızif you all don't carry on wrapping | alaçulğab turmasalaif they don't carry on wrapping |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençulğab tura esemif I have kept wrapping | sençulğab tura eseŋif you have kept wrapping | olçulğab tura eseif he has kept wrapping | bizçulğab tura esekif we have kept wrapping | sizçulğab tura esegizif you all have kept wrapping | alaçulğab tura eseleif they have kept wrapping |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençulğab turmay esemif I haven't kept wrapping | sençulğab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept wrapping | olçulğab turmay eseif he hasn't kept wrapping | bizçulğab turmay esekif we haven't kept wrapping | sizçulğab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept wrapping | alaçulğab turmay eseleif they haven't kept wrapping |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençulğay tursamif I keep wrapping | sençulğay tursaŋif you keep wrapping | olçulğay tursaif he keeps wrapping | bizçulğay tursaqif we keep wrapping | sizçulğay tursağızif you all keep wrapping | alaçulğay tursalaif they keep wrapping |
| Progressive conditional | mençulğamay tursamif I keep on not wrapping | sençulğamay tursaŋif you keep on not wrapping | olçulğamay tursaif he keeps on not wrapping | bizçulğamay tursaqif we keep on not wrapping | sizçulğamay tursağızif you all keep on not wrapping | alaçulğamay tursalaif they keep on not wrapping |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençulğay tura esemif I am in the middle of wrapping | sençulğay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of wrapping | olçulğay tura eseif he is in the middle of wrapping | bizçulğay tura esekif we are in the middle of wrapping | sizçulğay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of wrapping | alaçulğay tura eseleif they are in the middle of wrapping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençulğamay tura esemif I keep on not wrapping | sençulğamay tura eseŋif you keep on not wrapping | olçulğamay tura eseif he keeps on not wrapping | bizçulğamay tura esekif we keep on not wrapping | sizçulğamay tura esegizif you all keep on not wrapping | alaçulğamay tura eseleif they keep on not wrapping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençulğadım esemif I wrapped | sençulğadıŋ eseŋif you wrapped | olçulğadı eseif he wrapped | bizçulğadıq esekif we wrapped | sizçulğadığız esegizif you all wrapped | alaçulğadıla eseleif they wrapped |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençulğamadım esemif I didn't wrap | sençulğamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't wrap | olçulğamadı eseif he didn't wrap | bizçulğamadıq esekif we didn't wrap | sizçulğamadığız esegizif you all didn't wrap | alaçulğamadıla eseleif they didn't wrap |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençulğağan esemif I did wrap (indeed) | sençulğağan eseŋif you did wrap (indeed) | olçulğağan eseif he did wrap (indeed) | bizçulğağan esekif we did wrap (indeed) | sizçulğağan esegizif you all did wrap (indeed) | alaçulğağan eseleif they did wrap (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençulğamağan esemif I didn't wrap (indeed) | sençulğamağan eseŋif you didn't wrap (indeed) | olçulğamağan eseif he didn't wrap (indeed) | bizçulğamağan esekif we didn't wrap (indeed) | sizçulğamağan esegizif you all didn't wrap (indeed) | alaçulğamağan eseleif they didn't wrap (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençulğağan bolsamif I had wrapped | sençulğağan bolsaŋif you had wrapped | olçulğağan bolsaif he had wrapped | bizçulğağan bolsaqif we had wrapped | sizçulğağan bolsağızif you all had wrapped | alaçulğağan bolsalaif they had wrapped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençulğamağan bolsamif I hadn't wrapped | sençulğamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't wrapped | olçulğamağan bolsaif he hadn't wrapped | bizçulğamağan bolsaqif we hadn't wrapped | sizçulğamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't wrapped | alaçulğamağan bolsalaif they hadn't wrapped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençulğağan bolsam ediçulğağan bolsam edif only I had wrapped | sençulğağan bolsaŋ ediçulğağan bolsaŋ edif only you had wrapped | olçulğağan bolsa ediçulğağan bolsaedif only he had wrapped | bizçulğağan bolsaq ediçulğağan bolsaq edif only we had wrapped | sizçulğağan bolsağız ediçulğağan bolsağız edif only you all had wrapped | alaçulğağan bolsala ediçulğağan bolsalaedif only they had wrapped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençulğamağan bolsam ediçulğamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't wrapped | sençulğamağan bolsaŋ ediçulğamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't wrapped | olçulğamağan bolsa ediçulğamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't wrapped | bizçulğamağan bolsaq ediçulğamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't wrapped | sizçulğamağan bolsağız ediçulğamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't wrapped | alaçulğamağan bolsala ediçulğamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't wrapped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençulğar esemif I will wrap | sençulğar eseŋif you will wrap | olçulğar eseif he will wrap | bizçulğar esekif we will wrap | sizçulğar esegizif you all will wrap | alaçulğar eseleif they will wrap |
| Conditional, aorist | mençulğamaz esemif I won't wrap | sençulğamaz eseŋif you won't wrap | olçulğamaz eseif he won't wrap | bizçulğamaz esekif we won't wrap | sizçulğamaz esegizif you all won't wrap | alaçulğamaz eseleif they won't wrap |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençulğarıq esemif I am going to wrap | sençulğarıq eseŋif you are going to wrap | olçulğarıq eseif he is going to wrap | bizçulğarıq esekif we are going to wrap | sizçulğarıq esegizif you all are going to wrap | alaçulğarıq eseleif they are going to wrap |
| Conditional, future | mençulğarıq tül esemif I am not going to wrap | sençulğarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to wrap | olçulğarıq tül eseif he is not going to wrap | bizçulğarıq tül esekif we are not going to wrap | sizçulğarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to wrap | alaçulğarıq tül eseleif they are not going to wrap |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençulğarıq bolsamif I were going to wrap | sençulğarıq bolsaŋif you were going to wrap | olçulğarıq bolsaif he were going to wrap | bizçulğarıq bolsaqif we were going to wrap | sizçulğarıq bolsağızif you all were going to wrap | alaçulğarıq bolsalaif they were going to wrap |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençulğamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to wrap | sençulğamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to wrap | olçulğamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to wrap | bizçulğamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to wrap | sizçulğamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to wrap | alaçulğamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to wrap |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çulğadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençulğay bolurmaI must be wrapping | sençulğay bolursayou must be wrapping | olçulğay bolurhe must be wrapping | bizçulğay bolurbuzwe must be wrapping | sizçulğay bolursuzyou all must be wrapping | alaçulğay bolurlathey must be wrapping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençulğamay bolurmaI must not be wrapping | sençulğamay bolursayou must not be wrapping | olçulğamay bolurhe must not be wrapping | bizçulğamay bolurbuzwe must not be wrapping | sizçulğamay bolursuzyou all must not be wrapping | alaçulğamay bolurlathey must not be wrapping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençulğay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of wrapping | sençulğay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of wrapping | olçulğay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of wrapping | bizçulğay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of wrapping | sizçulğay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of wrapping | alaçulğay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of wrapping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençulğamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not wrapping | sençulğamay tura bolursayou must keep on not wrapping | olçulğamay tura bolurhe must keep on not wrapping | bizçulğamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not wrapping | sizçulğamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not wrapping | alaçulğamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not wrapping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençulğağan bolurmaI must have wrapped | sençulğağan bolursayou must have wrapped | olçulğağan bolurhe must have wrapped | bizçulğağan bolurbuzwe must have wrapped | sizçulğağan bolursuzyou all must have wrapped | alaçulğağan bolurlathey must have wrapped |
| Inference (must have) | mençulğamağan bolurmaI must not have wrapped | sençulğamağan bolursayou must not have wrapped | olçulğamağan bolurhe must not have wrapped | bizçulğamağan bolurbuzwe must not have wrapped | sizçulğamağan bolursuzyou all must not have wrapped | alaçulğamağan bolurlathey must not have wrapped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençulğarıq bolurmaI must be going to wrap | sençulğarıq bolursayou must be going to wrap | olçulğarıq bolurhe must be going to wrap | bizçulğarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to wrap | sizçulğarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to wrap | alaçulğarıq bolurlathey must be going to wrap |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençulğamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to wrap | sençulğamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to wrap | olçulğamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to wrap | bizçulğamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to wrap | sizçulğamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to wrap | alaçulğamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to wrap |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençulğayımlet me wrap | sençulğa!wrap! | olçulğasınlet him wrap | bizçulğayıqlet's wrap | sizçulğağız!wrap, you all! | alaçulğasınlalet them wrap |
| Commands & suggestions | mençulğamayımlet me not wrap | sençulğama!don't wrap! | olçulğamasınlet him not wrap | bizçulğamayıqlet's not wrap | sizçulğamağız!don't wrap, you all! | alaçulğamasınlalet them not wrap |
| Commands & suggestions | mençulğayımmı?shall I wrap? | olçulğasınmı?should he wrap? | bizçulğayıqmı?shall we wrap? | alaçulğasınlamı?should they wrap? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençulğamayımmı?shall I not wrap? | olçulğamasınmı?should he not wrap? | bizçulğamayıqmı?shall we not wrap? | alaçulğamasınlamı?should they not wrap? | ||
| Requests | sençulğaçı2çulğaçınplease wrap | olçulğasınçıdo let him wrap | sizçulğaçığızplease wrap (plural/polite) | alaçulğasınlaçıdo let them wrap | ||
| Requests | sençulğamaçı2çulğamaçınplease don't wrap | olçulğamasınçıdo let him not wrap | sizçulğamaçığızplease don't wrap (plural/polite) | alaçulğamasınlaçıdo let them not wrap | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençulğağınçulğağımay you wrap | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençulğamağınçulğamağımay you not wrap | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençulğağay edim çulğağa edimwould that I wrapped | sençulğağay ediŋ çulğağa ediŋwould that you wrapped | olçulğağay edi çulğağa ediwould that he wrapped | bizçulğağay edik çulğağa edikwould that we wrapped | sizçulğağay edigiz çulğağa edigizwould that you all wrapped | alaçulğağay edile çulğağa edilewould that they wrapped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençulğamağay edim çulğamağa edimwould that I did not wrap | sençulğamağay ediŋ çulğamağa ediŋwould that you did not wrap | olçulğamağay edi çulğamağa ediwould that he did not wrap | bizçulğamağay edik çulğamağa edikwould that we did not wrap | sizçulğamağay edigiz çulğamağa edigizwould that you all did not wrap | alaçulğamağay edile çulğamağa edilewould that they did not wrap |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençulğamağa qoyayımçulğama qoyayımlet me allow someone to wrap | sençulğamağa qoy!çulğama qoy!let someone wrap! | olçulğamağa qoysunçulğama qoysunlet him allow someone to wrap | bizçulğamağa qoyayıqçulğama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to wrap | sizçulğamağa qoyuğuz!çulğama qoyuğuz!let someone wrap, you all! | alaçulğamağa qoysunlaçulğama qoysunlalet them allow someone to wrap |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençulğamağa qoymayımçulğama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to wrap | sençulğamağa qoyma!çulğama qoyma!don't let someone wrap! | olçulğamağa qoymasınçulğama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to wrap | bizçulğamağa qoymayıqçulğama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to wrap | sizçulğamağa qoymağız!çulğama qoymağız!don't let someone wrap, you all! | alaçulğamağa qoymasınlaçulğama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to wrap |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençulğamağa qoyayımmı?çulğama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to wrap? | olçulğamağa qoysunmu?çulğama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to wrap? | bizçulğamağa qoyayıqmı?çulğama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to wrap? | alaçulğamağa qoysunlamı?çulğama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to wrap? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençulğamağa qoymayımmı?çulğama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to wrap? | olçulğamağa qoymasınmı?çulğama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to wrap? | bizçulğamağa qoymayıqmı?çulğama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to wrap? | alaçulğamağa qoymasınlamı?çulğama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to wrap? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençulğamağa qoyamaçulğama qoyamaI allow someone to wrap | sençulğamağa qoyasaçulğama qoyasayou allow someone to wrap | olçulğamağa qoyadıçulğama qoyadıhe allows someone to wrap | bizçulğamağa qoyabızçulğama qoyabızwe allow someone to wrap | sizçulğamağa qoyasızçulğama qoyasızyou all allow someone to wrap | alaçulğamağa qoyadılaçulğama qoyadılathey allow someone to wrap |
| Let someone… (present) | mençulğamağa qoymaymaçulğama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to wrap | sençulğamağa qoymaysaçulğama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to wrap | olçulğamağa qoymaydıçulğama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to wrap | bizçulğamağa qoymaybızçulğama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to wrap | sizçulğamağa qoymaysızçulğama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to wrap | alaçulğamağa qoymaydılaçulğama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to wrap |
| Let someone… (present) | mençulğamağa qoyamamı?çulğama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to wrap? | sençulğamağa qoyamısa?çulğama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to wrap? | olçulğamağa qoyamıdı?çulğama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to wrap? | bizçulğamağa qoyabızmı?çulğama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to wrap? | sizçulğamağa qoyamısız?çulğama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to wrap? | alaçulğamağa qoyamıdıla?çulğama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to wrap? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençulğamağa qoymaymamı?çulğama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to wrap? | sençulğamağa qoymaymısa?çulğama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to wrap? | olçulğamağa qoymaymıdı?çulğama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to wrap? | bizçulğamağa qoymaybızmı?çulğama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to wrap? | sizçulğamağa qoymaymısız?çulğama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to wrap? | alaçulğamağa qoymaymıdıla?çulğama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to wrap? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençulğamağa qoydumçulğama qoydumI allowed someone to wrap | sençulğamağa qoyduŋçulğama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to wrap | olçulğamağa qoyduçulğama qoyduhe allowed someone to wrap | bizçulğamağa qoyduqçulğama qoyduqwe allowed someone to wrap | sizçulğamağa qoyduğuzçulğama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to wrap | alaçulğamağa qoydulaçulğama qoydulathey allowed someone to wrap |
| Let someone… (past) | mençulğamağa qoymadımçulğama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to wrap | sençulğamağa qoymadıŋçulğama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to wrap | olçulğamağa qoymadıçulğama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to wrap | bizçulğamağa qoymadıqçulğama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to wrap | sizçulğamağa qoymadığızçulğama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to wrap | alaçulğamağa qoymadılaçulğama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to wrap |
| Let someone… (past) | mençulğamağa qoydummu?çulğama qoydummu?did I allow someone to wrap? | sençulğamağa qoyduŋmu?çulğama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to wrap? | olçulğamağa qoydumu?çulğama qoydumu?did he allow someone to wrap? | bizçulğamağa qoyduqmu?çulğama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to wrap? | sizçulğamağa qoyduğuzmu?çulğama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to wrap? | alaçulğamağa qoydulamı?çulğama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to wrap? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençulğamağa qoymadımmı?çulğama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to wrap? | sençulğamağa qoymadıŋmı?çulğama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to wrap? | olçulğamağa qoymadımı?çulğama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to wrap? | bizçulğamağa qoymadıqmı?çulğama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to wrap? | sizçulğamağa qoymadığızmı?çulğama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to wrap? | alaçulğamağa qoymadılamı?çulğama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to wrap? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
çulğayalırğa be able to wrap · çulğayalmazğa be unable to wrap
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençulğayalamaI can wrap | sençulğayalasayou can wrap | olçulğayaladıhe can wrap | bizçulğayalabızwe can wrap | sizçulğayalasızyou all can wrap | alaçulğayaladılathey can wrap |
| Ability — present | mençulğayalmaymaI can't wrap | sençulğayalmaysayou can't wrap | olçulğayalmaydıhe can't wrap | bizçulğayalmaybızwe can't wrap | sizçulğayalmaysızyou all can't wrap | alaçulğayalmaydılathey can't wrap |
| Ability — present | mençulğayalamamı? çulğayalamıma?can I wrap? | sençulğayalamısa?can you wrap? | olçulğayalamıdı?can he wrap? | bizçulğayalabızmı? çulğayalamıbız?can we wrap? | sizçulğayalamısız?can you all wrap? | alaçulğayalamıdıla?can they wrap? |
| Ability — present | mençulğayalmaymamı? çulğayalmaymıma?can't I wrap? | sençulğayalmaymısa?can't you wrap? | olçulğayalmaymıdı?can't he wrap? | bizçulğayalmaybızmı? çulğayalmaymıbız?can't we wrap? | sizçulğayalmaymısız?can't you all wrap? | alaçulğayalmaymıdıla?can't they wrap? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençulğayalsamif I can wrap | sençulğayalsaŋif you can wrap | olçulğayalsaif he can wrap | bizçulğayalsaqif we can wrap | sizçulğayalsağızif you all can wrap | alaçulğayalsalaif they can wrap |
| Ability — if I can… | mençulğayalmasamif I can't wrap | sençulğayalmasaŋif you can't wrap | olçulğayalmasaif he can't wrap | bizçulğayalmasaqif we can't wrap | sizçulğayalmasağızif you all can't wrap | alaçulğayalmasalaif they can't wrap |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençulğayaldımI was able to wrap | sençulğayaldıŋyou were able to wrap | olçulğayaldıhe was able to wrap | bizçulğayaldıqwe were able to wrap | sizçulğayaldığızyou all were able to wrap | alaçulğayaldılathey were able to wrap |
| Ability — simple past | mençulğayalmadımI could not wrap | sençulğayalmadıŋyou could not wrap | olçulğayalmadıhe could not wrap | bizçulğayalmadıqwe could not wrap | sizçulğayalmadığızyou all could not wrap | alaçulğayalmadılathey could not wrap |
| Ability — simple past | mençulğayaldımmı?was I able to wrap? | sençulğayaldıŋmı?were you able to wrap? | olçulğayaldımı?was he able to wrap? | bizçulğayaldıqmı?were we able to wrap? | sizçulğayaldığızmı?were you all able to wrap? | alaçulğayaldılamı?were they able to wrap? |
| Ability — simple past | mençulğayalmadımmı?couldn't I wrap? | sençulğayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you wrap? | olçulğayalmadımı?couldn't he wrap? | bizçulğayalmadıqmı?couldn't we wrap? | sizçulğayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all wrap? | alaçulğayalmadılamı?couldn't they wrap? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençulğayalğanmaI have been able to wrap | sençulğayalğansayou have been able to wrap | olçulğayalğandıhe has been able to wrap | bizçulğayalğanbızwe have been able to wrap | sizçulğayalğansızyou all have been able to wrap | alaçulğayalğandılathey have been able to wrap |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençulğayalmağanmaI haven't been able to wrap | sençulğayalmağansayou haven't been able to wrap | olçulğayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to wrap | bizçulğayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to wrap | sizçulğayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to wrap | alaçulğayalmağandılathey haven't been able to wrap |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençulğayalğanmamı? çulğayalğanmıma?have I been able to wrap? | sençulğayalğanmısa?have you been able to wrap? | olçulğayalğanmıdı?has he been able to wrap? | bizçulğayalğanbızmı? çulğayalğanmıbız?have we been able to wrap? | sizçulğayalğanmısız?have you all been able to wrap? | alaçulğayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to wrap? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençulğayalmağanmamı? çulğayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to wrap? | sençulğayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to wrap? | olçulğayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to wrap? | bizçulğayalmağanbızmı? çulğayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to wrap? | sizçulğayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to wrap? | alaçulğayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to wrap? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençulğayalğan edimçulğayalğanemI had been able to wrap | sençulğayalğan ediŋçulğayalğaneŋyou had been able to wrap | olçulğayalğan ediçulğayalğanedhe had been able to wrap | bizçulğayalğan edikçulğayalğanekwe had been able to wrap | sizçulğayalğan edigizçulğayalğanegizyou all had been able to wrap | alaçulğayalğan edileçulğayalğanellethey had been able to wrap |
| Ability — past perfect | mençulğayalmağan edimçulğayalmağanemI hadn't been able to wrap | sençulğayalmağan ediŋçulğayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to wrap | olçulğayalmağan ediçulğayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to wrap | bizçulğayalmağan edikçulğayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to wrap | sizçulğayalmağan edigizçulğayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to wrap | alaçulğayalmağan edileçulğayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to wrap |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençulğayala edimçulğayalaemI could wrap | sençulğayala ediŋçulğayalaeŋyou could wrap | olçulğayala ediçulğayalaedhe could wrap | bizçulğayala edikçulğayalaekwe could wrap | sizçulğayala edigizçulğayalaegizyou all could wrap | alaçulğayala edileçulğayalaellethey could wrap |
| Ability — past background | mençulğayalmay edimçulğayalmayemI could not wrap | sençulğayalmay ediŋçulğayalmayeŋyou could not wrap | olçulğayalmay ediçulğayalmayedhe could not wrap | bizçulğayalmay edikçulğayalmayekwe could not wrap | sizçulğayalmay edigizçulğayalmayegizyou all could not wrap | alaçulğayalmay edileçulğayalmayellethey could not wrap |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençulğayalırmaI will be able to wrap | sençulğayalırsayou will be able to wrap | olçulğayalırhe will be able to wrap | bizçulğayalırbızwe will be able to wrap | sizçulğayalırsızyou all will be able to wrap | alaçulğayalırlathey will be able to wrap |
| Ability — future I | mençulğayalmazmaI won't be able to wrap | sençulğayalmazsayou won't be able to wrap | olçulğayalmazhe won't be able to wrap | bizçulğayalmazbızwe won't be able to wrap | sizçulğayalmazsızyou all won't be able to wrap | alaçulğayalmazlathey won't be able to wrap |
| Ability — future I | mençulğayalırmamı? çulğayalırmıma?will I be able to wrap? | sençulğayalırmısa?will you be able to wrap? | olçulğayalırmı?will he be able to wrap? | bizçulğayalırbızmı? çulğayalırmıbız?will we be able to wrap? | sizçulğayalırmısız?will you all be able to wrap? | alaçulğayalırlamı? çulğayalırmıla?will they be able to wrap? |
| Ability — future I | mençulğayalmazmamı? çulğayalmazmıma?won't I be able to wrap? | sençulğayalmazmısa?won't you be able to wrap? | olçulğayalmazmı?won't he be able to wrap? | bizçulğayalmazbızmı? çulğayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to wrap? | sizçulğayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to wrap? | alaçulğayalmazlamı? çulğayalmazmıla?won't they be able to wrap? |
| Ability — future II | mençulğayallıqmaI am going to be able to wrap | sençulğayallıqsayou are going to be able to wrap | olçulğayallıqdıhe is going to be able to wrap | bizçulğayallıqbızwe are going to be able to wrap | sizçulğayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to wrap | alaçulğayallıqdılathey are going to be able to wrap |
| Ability — future II | mençulğayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to wrap | sençulğayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to wrap | olçulğayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to wrap | bizçulğayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to wrap | sizçulğayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to wrap | alaçulğayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to wrap |
| Ability — future II | mençulğayallıqmamı? çulğayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to wrap? | sençulğayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to wrap? | olçulğayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to wrap? | bizçulğayallıqbızmı? çulğayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to wrap? | sizçulğayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to wrap? | alaçulğayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to wrap? |
| Ability — future II | mençulğayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to wrap? | sençulğayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to wrap? | olçulğayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to wrap? | bizçulğayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to wrap? | sizçulğayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to wrap? | alaçulğayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to wrap? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençulğayalır edimçulğayalır emI would be able to wrap | sençulğayalır ediŋçulğayalır eŋyou would be able to wrap | olçulğayalır ediçulğayalır edhe would be able to wrap | bizçulğayalır edikçulğayalır ekwe would be able to wrap | sizçulğayalır edigizçulğayalır egizyou all would be able to wrap | alaçulğayalır edileçulğayalır ellethey would be able to wrap |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençulğayalmaz edimçulğayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to wrap | sençulğayalmaz ediŋçulğayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to wrap | olçulğayalmaz ediçulğayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to wrap | bizçulğayalmaz edikçulğayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to wrap | sizçulğayalmaz edigizçulğayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to wrap | alaçulğayalmaz edileçulğayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to wrap |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençulğayalğınçulğayalğımay you be able to wrap | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençulğayalmağınçulğayalmağımay you not be able to wrap | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençulğarğa izleymeI want to wrap | sençulğarğa izleyseyou want to wrap | olçulğarğa izleydihe wants to wrap | bizçulğarğa izleybizwe want to wrap | sizçulğarğa izleysizyou all want to wrap | alaçulğarğa izleydilethey want to wrap |
| want to | mençulğarğa izlemeymeI do not want to wrap | sençulğarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to wrap | olçulğarğa izlemeydihe does not want to wrap | bizçulğarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to wrap | sizçulğarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to wrap | alaçulğarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to wrap |
| would like to | mençulğarğa süemeI would like to wrap | sençulğarğa süeseyou would like to wrap | olçulğarğa süedihe would like to wrap | bizçulğarğa süebizwe would like to wrap | sizçulğarğa süesizyou all would like to wrap | alaçulğarğa süedilethey would like to wrap |
| would like to | mençulğarğa süymeymeI would not like to wrap | sençulğarğa süymeyseyou would not like to wrap | olçulğarğa süymeydihe would not like to wrap | bizçulğarğa süymeybizwe would not like to wrap | sizçulğarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to wrap | alaçulğarğa süymeydilethey would not like to wrap |
| hope to | mençulğarğa umutlanamaI hope to wrap | sençulğarğa umutlanasayou hope to wrap | olçulğarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to wrap | bizçulğarğa umutlanabızwe hope to wrap | sizçulğarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to wrap | alaçulğarğa umutlanadılathey hope to wrap |
| hope to | mençulğarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to wrap | sençulğarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to wrap | olçulğarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to wrap | bizçulğarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to wrap | sizçulğarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to wrap | alaçulğarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to wrap |
| be about to | mençulğarğa deb turamaI am about to wrap | sençulğarğa deb turasayou are about to wrap | olçulğarğa deb turadıhe is about to wrap | bizçulğarğa deb turabızwe are about to wrap | sizçulğarğa deb turasızyou all are about to wrap | alaçulğarğa deb turadılathey are about to wrap |
| be about to | mençulğarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to wrap | sençulğarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to wrap | olçulğarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to wrap | bizçulğarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to wrap | sizçulğarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to wrap | alaçulğarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to wrap |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençulğarğa kerekmeI need to wrap | sençulğarğa kerekseyou need to wrap | olçulğarğa kerekdihe needs to wrap | bizçulğarğa kerekbizwe need to wrap | sizçulğarğa kereksizyou all need to wrap | alaçulğarğa kerekdilethey need to wrap |
| need to | mençulğarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to wrap | sençulğarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to wrap | olçulğarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to wrap | bizçulğarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to wrap | sizçulğarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to wrap | alaçulğarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to wrap |
| have to | menmenŋe çulğarğa tüşediI have to wrap | sensenŋe çulğarğa tüşediyou have to wrap | olaŋa çulğarğa tüşedihe has to wrap | bizbizge çulğarğa tüşediwe have to wrap | sizsizge çulğarğa tüşediyou all have to wrap | alaalağa çulğarğa tüşedithey have to wrap |
| have to | menmenŋe çulğarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to wrap | sensenŋe çulğarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to wrap | olaŋa çulğarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to wrap | bizbizge çulğarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to wrap | sizsizge çulğarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to wrap | alaalağa çulğarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to wrap |
| be obliged to | mençulğarğa borçlumaI am obliged to wrap | sençulğarğa borçlusayou are obliged to wrap | olçulğarğa borçluduhe is obliged to wrap | bizçulğarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to wrap | sizçulğarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to wrap | alaçulğarğa borçludulathey are obliged to wrap |
| be obliged to | mençulğarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to wrap | sençulğarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to wrap | olçulğarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to wrap | bizçulğarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to wrap | sizçulğarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to wrap | alaçulğarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to wrap |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençulğarğa madarım bardıI have a way to wrap | sençulğarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to wrap | olçulğarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to wrap | bizçulğarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to wrap | sizçulğarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to wrap | alaçulğarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to wrap |
| have a way to | mençulğarğa madarım joqduI have no way to wrap | sençulğarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to wrap | olçulğarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to wrap | bizçulğarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to wrap | sizçulğarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to wrap | alaçulğarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to wrap |
| be free to | mençulğarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to wrap | sençulğarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to wrap | olçulğarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to wrap | bizçulğarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to wrap | sizçulğarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to wrap | alaçulğarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to wrap |
| be free to | mençulğarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to wrap | sençulğarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to wrap | olçulğarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to wrap | bizçulğarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to wrap | sizçulğarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to wrap | alaçulğarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to wrap |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çulğarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to wrap | sensenŋe çulğarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to wrap | olaŋa çulğarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to wrap | bizbizge çulğarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to wrap | sizsizge çulğarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to wrap | alaalağa çulğarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to wrap |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çulğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to wrap | sensenŋe çulğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to wrap | olaŋa çulğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to wrap | bizbizge çulğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to wrap | sizsizge çulğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to wrap | alaalağa çulğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to wrap |
| be ready to | mençulğarğa hazırmaI am ready to wrap | sençulğarğa hazırsayou are ready to wrap | olçulğarğa hazırdıhe is ready to wrap | bizçulğarğa hazırbızwe are ready to wrap | sizçulğarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to wrap | alaçulğarğa hazırdılathey are ready to wrap |
| be ready to | mençulğarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to wrap | sençulğarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to wrap | olçulğarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to wrap | bizçulğarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to wrap | sizçulğarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to wrap | alaçulğarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to wrap |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençulğarğa küreşemeI am trying to wrap | sençulğarğa küreşeseyou are trying to wrap | olçulğarğa küreşedihe is trying to wrap | bizçulğarğa küreşebizwe are trying to wrap | sizçulğarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to wrap | alaçulğarğa küreşedilethey are trying to wrap |
| try to | mençulğarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to wrap | sençulğarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to wrap | olçulğarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to wrap | bizçulğarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to wrap | sizçulğarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to wrap | alaçulğarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to wrap |
| agree to | mençulğarğa unaymaI agree to wrap | sençulğarğa unaysayou agree to wrap | olçulğarğa unaydıhe agrees to wrap | bizçulğarğa unaybızwe agree to wrap | sizçulğarğa unaysızyou all agree to wrap | alaçulğarğa unaydılathey agree to wrap |
| agree to | mençulğarğa unamaymaI refuse to wrap | sençulğarğa unamaysayou refuse to wrap | olçulğarğa unamaydıhe refuses to wrap | bizçulğarğa unamaybızwe refuse to wrap | sizçulğarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to wrap | alaçulğarğa unamaydılathey refuse to wrap |
| hurry to | mençulğarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to wrap | sençulğarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to wrap | olçulğarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to wrap | bizçulğarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to wrap | sizçulğarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to wrap | alaçulğarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to wrap |
| hurry to | mençulğarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to wrap | sençulğarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to wrap | olçulğarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to wrap | bizçulğarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to wrap | sizçulğarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to wrap | alaçulğarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to wrap |
| be afraid to | mençulğarğa qorqamaI am afraid to wrap | sençulğarğa qorqasayou are afraid to wrap | olçulğarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to wrap | bizçulğarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to wrap | sizçulğarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to wrap | alaçulğarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to wrap |
| be afraid to | mençulğarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to wrap | sençulğarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to wrap | olçulğarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to wrap | bizçulğarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to wrap | sizçulğarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to wrap | alaçulğarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to wrap |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençulğay bolmazmaI can't be wrapping | sençulğay bolmazsayou can't be wrapping | olçulğay bolmazhe can't be wrapping | bizçulğay bolmazbızwe can't be wrapping | sizçulğay bolmazsızyou all can't be wrapping | alaçulğay bolmazlathey can't be wrapping |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençulğamay bolmazmaI must be wrapping (emphatic) | sençulğamay bolmazsayou must be wrapping (emphatic) | olçulğamay bolmazhe must be wrapping (emphatic) | bizçulğamay bolmazbızwe must be wrapping (emphatic) | sizçulğamay bolmazsızyou all must be wrapping (emphatic) | alaçulğamay bolmazlathey must be wrapping (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençulğay turmasamif I don't keep wrapping | sençulğay turmasaŋif you don't keep wrapping | olçulğay turmasaif he doesn't keep wrapping | bizçulğay turmasaqif we don't keep wrapping | sizçulğay turmasağızif you all don't keep wrapping | alaçulğay turmasalaif they don't keep wrapping |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençulğay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of wrapping | sençulğay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of wrapping | olçulğay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of wrapping | bizçulğay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of wrapping | sizçulğay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of wrapping | alaçulğay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of wrapping |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençulğamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not wrapping (emphatic) | sençulğamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not wrapping (emphatic) | olçulğamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not wrapping (emphatic) | bizçulğamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not wrapping (emphatic) | sizçulğamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not wrapping (emphatic) | alaçulğamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not wrapping (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençulğamay turamaI keep on not wrapping | sençulğamay turasayou keep on not wrapping | olçulğamay turadıhe keeps on not wrapping | bizçulğamay turabızwe keep on not wrapping | sizçulğamay turasızyou all keep on not wrapping | alaçulğamay turadılathey keep on not wrapping |
| Progressive — double negation | mençulğamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not wrapping | sençulğamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not wrapping | olçulğamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not wrapping | bizçulğamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not wrapping | sizçulğamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not wrapping | alaçulğamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not wrapping |
| Progressive — double negation | mençulğamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not wrapping? | sençulğamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not wrapping? | olçulğamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not wrapping? | bizçulğamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not wrapping? | sizçulğamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not wrapping? | alaçulğamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not wrapping? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençulğağan bolmazmaI can't have wrapped | sençulğağan bolmazsayou can't have wrapped | olçulğağan bolmazhe can't have wrapped | bizçulğağan bolmazbızwe can't have wrapped | sizçulğağan bolmazsızyou all can't have wrapped | alaçulğağan bolmazlathey can't have wrapped |
| Inference — double negation | mençulğamağan bolmazmaI must have wrapped (emphatic) | sençulğamağan bolmazsayou must have wrapped (emphatic) | olçulğamağan bolmazhe must have wrapped (emphatic) | bizçulğamağan bolmazbızwe must have wrapped (emphatic) | sizçulğamağan bolmazsızyou all must have wrapped (emphatic) | alaçulğamağan bolmazlathey must have wrapped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençulğağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had wrapped | sençulğağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had wrapped | olçulğağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had wrapped | bizçulğağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had wrapped | sizçulğağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had wrapped | alaçulğağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had wrapped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençulğamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't wrapped | sençulğamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't wrapped | olçulğamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't wrapped | bizçulğamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't wrapped | sizçulğamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't wrapped | alaçulğamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't wrapped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençulğarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to wrap | sençulğarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to wrap | olçulğarıq bolmazhe can't be going to wrap | bizçulğarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to wrap | sizçulğarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to wrap | alaçulğarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to wrap |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençulğamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to wrap (emphatic) | sençulğamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to wrap (emphatic) | olçulğamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to wrap (emphatic) | bizçulğamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to wrap (emphatic) | sizçulğamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to wrap (emphatic) | alaçulğamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to wrap (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençulğarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to wrap | sençulğarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to wrap | olçulğarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to wrap | bizçulğarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to wrap | sizçulğarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to wrap | alaçulğarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to wrap |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençulğamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to wrap | sençulğamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to wrap | olçulğamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to wrap | bizçulğamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to wrap | sizçulğamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to wrap | alaçulğamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to wrap |