çabarğa
/tʃabarʁa/
1. run
- at çabadı — the horse runs
- biz üyge çababız — we are running home
- qızçıq atasını allına çabdı — the little girl ran to meet her father
- çaba-çaba arıdım — I got tired from running around
- çabmay jürümeydi — he is always on the run
- çaba bilmegen atnı çarsha salmaydıla — a horse that can't run isn't entered in races
2. attack, raid, fall upon
- jawğa çabarğa — to attack the enemy
- jawğa çabarğa deb jıyıladıla — they are gathering to attack the enemy
- qaplan malğa, adamğa çabadı — the tiger attacks livestock and people
- bilmey turğanlay çabarğa — to attack them while they are off guard
3. rush at someone, set upon, fly at
- ururğa çabarğa — to fly at someone with one's fists
- tüyüşürge çabarğa — to pick a fight
- birigib çabarğa — to set upon someone all together
4. cut in on someone, interrupt
- awuzuna çabarğa — to cut in on what someone is saying
- adamnı awuzuna çaba turma — don't keep cutting in on people
- ol sözüme çabdı — he cut in on what I was saying
- satıwda allına çabarğa — to snatch a purchase from under someone
5. snatch at something, resort to
- bıçaqğa çabarğa — to snatch at a knife
- sawutha çabarğa — to resort to arms
6. rush, surge, sting (of blood, smoke or an onion)
- boluşurğa çabarğa — to rush to someone's help
- qanı başına çabhandı — the blood has rushed to his head
- közüme qan çabhandı — blood has rushed into my eye
- sohan közüme çabhandı — the onion is stinging my eyes
- suwnu suwuğu tişime çabadı — the cold of the water sets my teeth on edge
7. yap, bark (of a dog)
- itle çabadıla — the dogs are barking
Expressions
- aç açıwu burununa çabarğa — cross with hunger
- açıwu başına çabarğa — fly into a rage
- allına çabarğa — preempt someone; get in the way
- at çabar kün aqsağanlay — excuse at the worst moment
Conjugation
Common forms
- çabadıhe is running
- çabdıhe ran
- çabhandıhe has run
- çabarhe will run
- çabarıqdıhe is going to run
- çaba edihe was running
- çabsaif he runs
- çab!run!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençabamaI am running | sençabasayou are running | olçabadıhe is running | bizçababızwe are running | sizçabasızyou all are running | alaçabadılathey are running |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençabmaymaI am not running | sençabmaysayou are not running | olçabmaydıhe is not running | bizçabmaybızwe are not running | sizçabmaysızyou all are not running | alaçabmaydılathey are not running |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençabamamı? çabamıma?am I running? | sençabamısa?are you running? | olçabamıdı?is he running? | bizçababızmı? çabamıbız?are we running? | sizçabamısız?are you all running? | alaçabamıdıla?are they running? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençabmaymamı? çabmaymıma?aren't I running? | sençabmaymısa?aren't you running? | olçabmaymıdı?isn't he running? | bizçabmaybızmı? çabmaymıbız?aren't we running? | sizçabmaymısız?aren't you all running? | alaçabmaymıdıla?aren't they running? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençabıwçanmaI usually run | sençabıwçansayou usually run | olçabıwçandıhe usually runs | bizçabıwçanbızwe usually run | sizçabıwçansızyou all usually run | alaçabıwçandılathey usually run |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençabmawçanmaI usually don't run | sençabmawçansayou usually don't run | olçabmawçandıhe usually doesn't run | bizçabmawçanbızwe usually don't run | sizçabmawçansızyou all usually don't run | alaçabmawçandılathey usually don't run |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençabıwçanmamı? çabıwçanmıma?do I usually run? | sençabıwçanmısa?do you usually run? | olçabıwçanmıdı?does he usually run? | bizçabıwçanbızmı? çabıwçanmıbız?do we usually run? | sizçabıwçanmısız?do you all usually run? | alaçabıwçanmıdıla?do they usually run? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençabmawçanmamı? çabmawçanmıma?do I usually not run? | sençabmawçanmısa?do you usually not run? | olçabmawçanmıdı?does he usually not run? | bizçabmawçanbızmı? çabmawçanmıbız?do we usually not run? | sizçabmawçanmısız?do you all usually not run? | alaçabmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not run? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçabıbdıhe has run and remains so | alaçabıbdılathey have run and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçabıbmıdı?has he run? | alaçabıbmıdıla?have they run? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençabıb turamaI keep running | sençabıb turasayou keep running | olçabıb turadıhe keeps running | bizçabıb turabızwe keep running | sizçabıb turasızyou all keep running | alaçabıb turadılathey keep running |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençabıb turmaymaI don't keep running | sençabıb turmaysayou don't keep running | olçabıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep running | bizçabıb turmaybızwe don't keep running | sizçabıb turmaysızyou all don't keep running | alaçabıb turmaydılathey don't keep running |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençabıb turamamı? çabıb turamıma?do I keep running? | sençabıb turamısa?do you keep running? | olçabıb turamıdı?does he keep running? | bizçabıb turabızmı? çabıb turamıbız?do we keep running? | sizçabıb turamısız?do you all keep running? | alaçabıb turamıdıla?do they keep running? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençabıb turmaymamı? çabıb turmaymıma?don't I keep running? | sençabıb turmaymısa?don't you keep running? | olçabıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep running? | bizçabıb turmaybızmı? çabıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep running? | sizçabıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep running? | alaçabıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep running? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençaba turamaI am in the middle of running | sençaba turasayou are in the middle of running | olçaba turadıhe is in the middle of running | bizçaba turabızwe are in the middle of running | sizçaba turasızyou all are in the middle of running | alaçaba turadılathey are in the middle of running |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençaba turmaymaI am not in the middle of running | sençaba turmaysayou are not in the middle of running | olçaba turmaydıhe is not in the middle of running | bizçaba turmaybızwe are not in the middle of running | sizçaba turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of running | alaçaba turmaydılathey are not in the middle of running |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençaba turamamı? çaba turamıma?am I in the middle of running? | sençaba turamısa?are you in the middle of running? | olçaba turamıdı?is he in the middle of running? | bizçaba turabızmı? çaba turamıbız?are we in the middle of running? | sizçaba turamısız?are you all in the middle of running? | alaçaba turamıdıla?are they in the middle of running? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençaba turmaymamı? çaba turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of running? | sençaba turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of running? | olçaba turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of running? | bizçaba turmaybızmı? çaba turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of running? | sizçaba turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of running? | alaçaba turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of running? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençabdımI ran | sençabdıŋyou ran | olçabdıhe ran | bizçabdıqwe ran | sizçabdığızyou all ran | alaçabdılathey ran |
| Simple past (definite) | mençabmadımI didn't run | sençabmadıŋyou didn't run | olçabmadıhe didn't run | bizçabmadıqwe didn't run | sizçabmadığızyou all didn't run | alaçabmadılathey didn't run |
| Simple past (definite) | mençabdımmı?did I run? | sençabdıŋmı?did you run? | olçabdımı?did he run? | bizçabdıqmı?did we run? | sizçabdığızmı?did you all run? | alaçabdılamı?did they run? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençabmadımmı?didn't I run? | sençabmadıŋmı?didn't you run? | olçabmadımı?didn't he run? | bizçabmadıqmı?didn't we run? | sizçabmadığızmı?didn't you all run? | alaçabmadılamı?didn't they run? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençabhanmaI have run | sençabhansayou have run | olçabhandıhe has run | bizçabhanbızwe have run | sizçabhansızyou all have run | alaçabhandılathey have run |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençabmağanmaI haven't run | sençabmağansayou haven't run | olçabmağandıhe hasn't run | bizçabmağanbızwe haven't run | sizçabmağansızyou all haven't run | alaçabmağandılathey haven't run |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençabhanmamı? çabhanmıma?have I run? | sençabhanmısa?have you run? | olçabhanmıdı?has he run? | bizçabhanbızmı? çabhanmıbız?have we run? | sizçabhanmısız?have you all run? | alaçabhanmıdıla?have they run? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençabmağanmamı? çabmağanmıma?haven't I run? | sençabmağanmısa?haven't you run? | olçabmağanmıdı?hasn't he run? | bizçabmağanbızmı? çabmağanmıbız?haven't we run? | sizçabmağanmısız?haven't you all run? | alaçabmağanmıdıla?haven't they run? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençabıb turdumI kept running | sençabıb turduŋyou kept running | olçabıb turduhe kept running | bizçabıb turduqwe kept running | sizçabıb turduğuzyou all kept running | alaçabıb turdulathey kept running |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençabıb turmadımI didn't keep running | sençabıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep running | olçabıb turmadıhe didn't keep running | bizçabıb turmadıqwe didn't keep running | sizçabıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep running | alaçabıb turmadılathey didn't keep running |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençabarmaI will run | sençabarsayou will run | olçabarhe will run | bizçabarbızwe will run | sizçabarsızyou all will run | alaçabarlathey will run |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençabmazmaI won't run | sençabmazsayou won't run | olçabmazhe won't run | bizçabmazbızwe won't run | sizçabmazsızyou all won't run | alaçabmazlathey won't run |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençabarmamı? çabarmıma?will I run? | sençabarmısa?will you run? | olçabarmı?will he run? | bizçabarbızmı? çabarmıbız?will we run? | sizçabarmısız?will you all run? | alaçabarlamı? çabarmıla?will they run? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençabmazmamı? çabmazmıma?won't I run? | sençabmazmısa?won't you run? | olçabmazmı?won't he run? | bizçabmazbızmı? çabmazmıbız?won't we run? | sizçabmazmısız?won't you all run? | alaçabmazlamı? çabmazmıla?won't they run? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençabarıqmaI am going to run | sençabarıqsayou are going to run | olçabarıqdıhe is going to run | bizçabarıqbızwe are going to run | sizçabarıqsızyou all are going to run | alaçabarıqdılathey are going to run |
| Definite future (future II) | mençabarıq tülmeI am not going to run | sençabarıq tülseyou are not going to run | olçabarıq tüldühe is not going to run | bizçabarıq tülbüzwe are not going to run | sizçabarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to run | alaçabarıq tüldülethey are not going to run |
| Definite future (future II) | mençabarıqmamı? çabarıqmıma?am I going to run? | sençabarıqmısa?are you going to run? | olçabarıqmıdı?is he going to run? | bizçabarıqbızmı? çabarıqmıbız?are we going to run? | sizçabarıqmısız?are you all going to run? | alaçabarıqmıdıla?are they going to run? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençabarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to run? | sençabarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to run? | olçabarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to run? | bizçabarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to run? | sizçabarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to run? | alaçabarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to run? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençabhan edimçabhanemI had run | sençabhan ediŋçabhaneŋyou had run | olçabhan ediçabhanedhe had run | bizçabhan edikçabhanekwe had run | sizçabhan edigizçabhanegizyou all had run | alaçabhan edileçabhanellethey had run |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençabmağan edimçabmağanemI hadn't run | sençabmağan ediŋçabmağaneŋyou hadn't run | olçabmağan ediçabmağanedhe hadn't run | bizçabmağan edikçabmağanekwe hadn't run | sizçabmağan edigizçabmağanegizyou all hadn't run | alaçabmağan edileçabmağanellethey hadn't run |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençaba edimçabaemI was running | sençaba ediŋçabaeŋyou were running | olçaba ediçabaedhe was running | bizçaba edikçabaekwe were running | sizçaba edigizçabaegizyou all were running | alaçaba edileçabaellethey were running |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençabmay edimçabmayemI wasn't running | sençabmay ediŋçabmayeŋyou weren't running | olçabmay ediçabmayedhe wasn't running | bizçabmay edikçabmayekwe weren't running | sizçabmay edigizçabmayegizyou all weren't running | alaçabmay edileçabmayellethey weren't running |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençabıwçan edimçabıwçanemI used to run | sençabıwçan ediŋçabıwçaneŋyou used to run | olçabıwçan ediçabıwçanedhe used to run | bizçabıwçan edikçabıwçanekwe used to run | sizçabıwçan edigizçabıwçanegizyou all used to run | alaçabıwçan edileçabıwçanellethey used to run |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençabmawçan edimçabmawçanemI didn't use to run | sençabmawçan ediŋçabmawçaneŋyou didn't use to run | olçabmawçan ediçabmawçanedhe didn't use to run | bizçabmawçan edikçabmawçanekwe didn't use to run | sizçabmawçan edigizçabmawçanegizyou all didn't use to run | alaçabmawçan edileçabmawçanellethey didn't use to run |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçabıb edihe had run and remained so | alaçabıb edilethey had run and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçabıb tül edihe hadn't run | alaçabıb tül edilethey hadn't run | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençabıb tura edimçabıb turaemI had kept running | sençabıb tura ediŋçabıb turaeŋyou had kept running | olçabıb tura ediçabıb turaedhe had kept running | bizçabıb tura edikçabıb turaekwe had kept running | sizçabıb tura edigizçabıb turaegizyou all had kept running | alaçabıb tura edileçabıb turaellethey had kept running |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençabıb turmay edimçabıb turmayemI hadn't kept running | sençabıb turmay ediŋçabıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept running | olçabıb turmay ediçabıb turmayedhe hadn't kept running | bizçabıb turmay edikçabıb turmayekwe hadn't kept running | sizçabıb turmay edigizçabıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept running | alaçabıb turmay edileçabıb turmayellethey hadn't kept running |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençaba tura edimçaba turaemI was in the middle of running | sençaba tura ediŋçaba turaeŋyou were in the middle of running | olçaba tura ediçaba turaedhe was in the middle of running | bizçaba tura edikçaba turaekwe were in the middle of running | sizçaba tura edigizçaba turaegizyou all were in the middle of running | alaçaba tura edileçaba turaellethey were in the middle of running |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençaba turmay edimçaba turmayemI wasn't in the middle of running | sençaba turmay ediŋçaba turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of running | olçaba turmay ediçaba turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of running | bizçaba turmay edikçaba turmayekwe weren't in the middle of running | sizçaba turmay edigizçaba turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of running | alaçaba turmay edileçaba turmayellethey weren't in the middle of running |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençabar edimçabar emI would run | sençabar ediŋçabar eŋyou would run | olçabar ediçabar edhe would run | bizçabar edikçabar ekwe would run | sizçabar edigizçabar egizyou all would run | alaçabar edileçabar ellethey would run |
| Conditional result (would) | mençabmaz edimçabmaz emI wouldn't run | sençabmaz ediŋçabmaz eŋyou wouldn't run | olçabmaz ediçabmaz edhe wouldn't run | bizçabmaz edikçabmaz ekwe wouldn't run | sizçabmaz edigizçabmaz egizyou all wouldn't run | alaçabmaz edileçabmaz ellethey wouldn't run |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençabarıq edimçabarıq emI would have run | sençabarıq ediŋçabarıq eŋyou would have run | olçabarıq ediçabarıq edhe would have run | bizçabarıq edikçabarıq ekwe would have run | sizçabarıq edigizçabarıq egizyou all would have run | alaçabarıq edileçabarıq ellethey would have run |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençabarıq tül edimçabarıq tül emI wouldn't have run | sençabarıq tül ediŋçabarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have run | olçabarıq tül ediçabarıq tül edhe wouldn't have run | bizçabarıq tül edikçabarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have run | sizçabarıq tül edigizçabarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have run | alaçabarıq tül edileçabarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have run |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençabsamif I run | sençabsaŋif you run | olçabsaif he runs | bizçabsaqif we run | sizçabsağızif you all run | alaçabsalaif they run |
| Conditional | mençabmasamif I don't run | sençabmasaŋif you don't run | olçabmasaif he doesn't run | bizçabmasaqif we don't run | sizçabmasağızif you all don't run | alaçabmasalaif they don't run |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençaba esemif I am running | sençaba eseŋif you are running | olçaba eseif he is running | bizçaba esekif we are running | sizçaba esegizif you all are running | alaçaba eseleif they are running |
| Conditional, present real | mençabmay esemif I am not running | sençabmay eseŋif you are not running | olçabmay eseif he is not running | bizçabmay esekif we are not running | sizçabmay esegizif you all are not running | alaçabmay eseleif they are not running |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençabsam ediçabsam edif only I ran | sençabsaŋ ediçabsaŋ edif only you ran | olçabsa ediçabsaedif only he ran | bizçabsaq ediçabsaq edif only we ran | sizçabsağız ediçabsağız edif only you all ran | alaçabsala ediçabsalaedif only they ran |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençabmasam ediçabmasam edif only I didn't run | sençabmasaŋ ediçabmasaŋ edif only you didn't run | olçabmasa ediçabmasaedif only he didn't run | bizçabmasaq ediçabmasaq edif only we didn't run | sizçabmasağız ediçabmasağız edif only you all didn't run | alaçabmasala ediçabmasalaedif only they didn't run |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençabıb tursamif I carry on running | sençabıb tursaŋif you carry on running | olçabıb tursaif he carries on running | bizçabıb tursaqif we carry on running | sizçabıb tursağızif you all carry on running | alaçabıb tursalaif they carry on running |
| Durative conditional | mençabıb turmasamif I don't carry on running | sençabıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on running | olçabıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on running | bizçabıb turmasaqif we don't carry on running | sizçabıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on running | alaçabıb turmasalaif they don't carry on running |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençabıb tura esemif I have kept running | sençabıb tura eseŋif you have kept running | olçabıb tura eseif he has kept running | bizçabıb tura esekif we have kept running | sizçabıb tura esegizif you all have kept running | alaçabıb tura eseleif they have kept running |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençabıb turmay esemif I haven't kept running | sençabıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept running | olçabıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept running | bizçabıb turmay esekif we haven't kept running | sizçabıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept running | alaçabıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept running |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençaba tursamif I keep running | sençaba tursaŋif you keep running | olçaba tursaif he keeps running | bizçaba tursaqif we keep running | sizçaba tursağızif you all keep running | alaçaba tursalaif they keep running |
| Progressive conditional | mençabmay tursamif I keep on not running | sençabmay tursaŋif you keep on not running | olçabmay tursaif he keeps on not running | bizçabmay tursaqif we keep on not running | sizçabmay tursağızif you all keep on not running | alaçabmay tursalaif they keep on not running |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençaba tura esemif I am in the middle of running | sençaba tura eseŋif you are in the middle of running | olçaba tura eseif he is in the middle of running | bizçaba tura esekif we are in the middle of running | sizçaba tura esegizif you all are in the middle of running | alaçaba tura eseleif they are in the middle of running |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençabmay tura esemif I keep on not running | sençabmay tura eseŋif you keep on not running | olçabmay tura eseif he keeps on not running | bizçabmay tura esekif we keep on not running | sizçabmay tura esegizif you all keep on not running | alaçabmay tura eseleif they keep on not running |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençabdım esemif I ran | sençabdıŋ eseŋif you ran | olçabdı eseif he ran | bizçabdıq esekif we ran | sizçabdığız esegizif you all ran | alaçabdıla eseleif they ran |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençabmadım esemif I didn't run | sençabmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't run | olçabmadı eseif he didn't run | bizçabmadıq esekif we didn't run | sizçabmadığız esegizif you all didn't run | alaçabmadıla eseleif they didn't run |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençabhan esemif I did run (indeed) | sençabhan eseŋif you did run (indeed) | olçabhan eseif he did run (indeed) | bizçabhan esekif we did run (indeed) | sizçabhan esegizif you all did run (indeed) | alaçabhan eseleif they did run (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençabmağan esemif I didn't run (indeed) | sençabmağan eseŋif you didn't run (indeed) | olçabmağan eseif he didn't run (indeed) | bizçabmağan esekif we didn't run (indeed) | sizçabmağan esegizif you all didn't run (indeed) | alaçabmağan eseleif they didn't run (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençabhan bolsamif I had run | sençabhan bolsaŋif you had run | olçabhan bolsaif he had run | bizçabhan bolsaqif we had run | sizçabhan bolsağızif you all had run | alaçabhan bolsalaif they had run |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençabmağan bolsamif I hadn't run | sençabmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't run | olçabmağan bolsaif he hadn't run | bizçabmağan bolsaqif we hadn't run | sizçabmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't run | alaçabmağan bolsalaif they hadn't run |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençabhan bolsam ediçabhan bolsam edif only I had run | sençabhan bolsaŋ ediçabhan bolsaŋ edif only you had run | olçabhan bolsa ediçabhan bolsaedif only he had run | bizçabhan bolsaq ediçabhan bolsaq edif only we had run | sizçabhan bolsağız ediçabhan bolsağız edif only you all had run | alaçabhan bolsala ediçabhan bolsalaedif only they had run |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençabmağan bolsam ediçabmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't run | sençabmağan bolsaŋ ediçabmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't run | olçabmağan bolsa ediçabmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't run | bizçabmağan bolsaq ediçabmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't run | sizçabmağan bolsağız ediçabmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't run | alaçabmağan bolsala ediçabmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't run |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençabar esemif I will run | sençabar eseŋif you will run | olçabar eseif he will run | bizçabar esekif we will run | sizçabar esegizif you all will run | alaçabar eseleif they will run |
| Conditional, aorist | mençabmaz esemif I won't run | sençabmaz eseŋif you won't run | olçabmaz eseif he won't run | bizçabmaz esekif we won't run | sizçabmaz esegizif you all won't run | alaçabmaz eseleif they won't run |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençabarıq esemif I am going to run | sençabarıq eseŋif you are going to run | olçabarıq eseif he is going to run | bizçabarıq esekif we are going to run | sizçabarıq esegizif you all are going to run | alaçabarıq eseleif they are going to run |
| Conditional, future | mençabarıq tül esemif I am not going to run | sençabarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to run | olçabarıq tül eseif he is not going to run | bizçabarıq tül esekif we are not going to run | sizçabarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to run | alaçabarıq tül eseleif they are not going to run |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençabarıq bolsamif I were going to run | sençabarıq bolsaŋif you were going to run | olçabarıq bolsaif he were going to run | bizçabarıq bolsaqif we were going to run | sizçabarıq bolsağızif you all were going to run | alaçabarıq bolsalaif they were going to run |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençabmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to run | sençabmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to run | olçabmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to run | bizçabmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to run | sizçabmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to run | alaçabmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to run |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çabdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençaba bolurmaI must be running | sençaba bolursayou must be running | olçaba bolurhe must be running | bizçaba bolurbuzwe must be running | sizçaba bolursuzyou all must be running | alaçaba bolurlathey must be running |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençabmay bolurmaI must not be running | sençabmay bolursayou must not be running | olçabmay bolurhe must not be running | bizçabmay bolurbuzwe must not be running | sizçabmay bolursuzyou all must not be running | alaçabmay bolurlathey must not be running |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençaba tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of running | sençaba tura bolursayou must be in the middle of running | olçaba tura bolurhe must be in the middle of running | bizçaba tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of running | sizçaba tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of running | alaçaba tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of running |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençabmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not running | sençabmay tura bolursayou must keep on not running | olçabmay tura bolurhe must keep on not running | bizçabmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not running | sizçabmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not running | alaçabmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not running |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençabhan bolurmaI must have run | sençabhan bolursayou must have run | olçabhan bolurhe must have run | bizçabhan bolurbuzwe must have run | sizçabhan bolursuzyou all must have run | alaçabhan bolurlathey must have run |
| Inference (must have) | mençabmağan bolurmaI must not have run | sençabmağan bolursayou must not have run | olçabmağan bolurhe must not have run | bizçabmağan bolurbuzwe must not have run | sizçabmağan bolursuzyou all must not have run | alaçabmağan bolurlathey must not have run |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençabarıq bolurmaI must be going to run | sençabarıq bolursayou must be going to run | olçabarıq bolurhe must be going to run | bizçabarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to run | sizçabarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to run | alaçabarıq bolurlathey must be going to run |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençabmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to run | sençabmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to run | olçabmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to run | bizçabmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to run | sizçabmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to run | alaçabmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to run |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençabayımlet me run | sençab!run! | olçabsınlet him run | bizçabayıqlet's run | sizçabığız!run, you all! | alaçabsınlalet them run |
| Commands & suggestions | mençabmayımlet me not run | sençabma!don't run! | olçabmasınlet him not run | bizçabmayıqlet's not run | sizçabmağız!don't run, you all! | alaçabmasınlalet them not run |
| Commands & suggestions | mençabayımmı?shall I run? | olçabsınmı?should he run? | bizçabayıqmı?shall we run? | alaçabsınlamı?should they run? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençabmayımmı?shall I not run? | olçabmasınmı?should he not run? | bizçabmayıqmı?shall we not run? | alaçabmasınlamı?should they not run? | ||
| Requests | sençabçı2çabçınplease run | olçabsınçıdo let him run | sizçabçığızplease run (plural/polite) | alaçabsınlaçıdo let them run | ||
| Requests | sençabmaçı2çabmaçınplease don't run | olçabmasınçıdo let him not run | sizçabmaçığızplease don't run (plural/polite) | alaçabmasınlaçıdo let them not run | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençabhınçabhımay you run | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençabmağınçabmağımay you not run | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençabhay edim çabha edimwould that I ran | sençabhay ediŋ çabha ediŋwould that you ran | olçabhay edi çabha ediwould that he ran | bizçabhay edik çabha edikwould that we ran | sizçabhay edigiz çabha edigizwould that you all ran | alaçabhay edile çabha edilewould that they ran |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençabmağay edim çabmağa edimwould that I did not run | sençabmağay ediŋ çabmağa ediŋwould that you did not run | olçabmağay edi çabmağa ediwould that he did not run | bizçabmağay edik çabmağa edikwould that we did not run | sizçabmağay edigiz çabmağa edigizwould that you all did not run | alaçabmağay edile çabmağa edilewould that they did not run |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençabmağa qoyayımçabma qoyayımlet me allow someone to run | sençabmağa qoy!çabma qoy!let someone run! | olçabmağa qoysunçabma qoysunlet him allow someone to run | bizçabmağa qoyayıqçabma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to run | sizçabmağa qoyuğuz!çabma qoyuğuz!let someone run, you all! | alaçabmağa qoysunlaçabma qoysunlalet them allow someone to run |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençabmağa qoymayımçabma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to run | sençabmağa qoyma!çabma qoyma!don't let someone run! | olçabmağa qoymasınçabma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to run | bizçabmağa qoymayıqçabma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to run | sizçabmağa qoymağız!çabma qoymağız!don't let someone run, you all! | alaçabmağa qoymasınlaçabma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to run |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençabmağa qoyayımmı?çabma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to run? | olçabmağa qoysunmu?çabma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to run? | bizçabmağa qoyayıqmı?çabma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to run? | alaçabmağa qoysunlamı?çabma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to run? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençabmağa qoymayımmı?çabma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to run? | olçabmağa qoymasınmı?çabma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to run? | bizçabmağa qoymayıqmı?çabma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to run? | alaçabmağa qoymasınlamı?çabma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to run? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençabmağa qoyamaçabma qoyamaI allow someone to run | sençabmağa qoyasaçabma qoyasayou allow someone to run | olçabmağa qoyadıçabma qoyadıhe allows someone to run | bizçabmağa qoyabızçabma qoyabızwe allow someone to run | sizçabmağa qoyasızçabma qoyasızyou all allow someone to run | alaçabmağa qoyadılaçabma qoyadılathey allow someone to run |
| Let someone… (present) | mençabmağa qoymaymaçabma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to run | sençabmağa qoymaysaçabma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to run | olçabmağa qoymaydıçabma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to run | bizçabmağa qoymaybızçabma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to run | sizçabmağa qoymaysızçabma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to run | alaçabmağa qoymaydılaçabma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to run |
| Let someone… (present) | mençabmağa qoyamamı?çabma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to run? | sençabmağa qoyamısa?çabma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to run? | olçabmağa qoyamıdı?çabma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to run? | bizçabmağa qoyabızmı?çabma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to run? | sizçabmağa qoyamısız?çabma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to run? | alaçabmağa qoyamıdıla?çabma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to run? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençabmağa qoymaymamı?çabma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to run? | sençabmağa qoymaymısa?çabma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to run? | olçabmağa qoymaymıdı?çabma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to run? | bizçabmağa qoymaybızmı?çabma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to run? | sizçabmağa qoymaymısız?çabma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to run? | alaçabmağa qoymaymıdıla?çabma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to run? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençabmağa qoydumçabma qoydumI allowed someone to run | sençabmağa qoyduŋçabma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to run | olçabmağa qoyduçabma qoyduhe allowed someone to run | bizçabmağa qoyduqçabma qoyduqwe allowed someone to run | sizçabmağa qoyduğuzçabma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to run | alaçabmağa qoydulaçabma qoydulathey allowed someone to run |
| Let someone… (past) | mençabmağa qoymadımçabma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to run | sençabmağa qoymadıŋçabma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to run | olçabmağa qoymadıçabma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to run | bizçabmağa qoymadıqçabma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to run | sizçabmağa qoymadığızçabma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to run | alaçabmağa qoymadılaçabma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to run |
| Let someone… (past) | mençabmağa qoydummu?çabma qoydummu?did I allow someone to run? | sençabmağa qoyduŋmu?çabma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to run? | olçabmağa qoydumu?çabma qoydumu?did he allow someone to run? | bizçabmağa qoyduqmu?çabma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to run? | sizçabmağa qoyduğuzmu?çabma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to run? | alaçabmağa qoydulamı?çabma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to run? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençabmağa qoymadımmı?çabma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to run? | sençabmağa qoymadıŋmı?çabma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to run? | olçabmağa qoymadımı?çabma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to run? | bizçabmağa qoymadıqmı?çabma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to run? | sizçabmağa qoymadığızmı?çabma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to run? | alaçabmağa qoymadılamı?çabma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to run? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençabalamaI can run | sençabalasayou can run | olçabaladıhe can run | bizçabalabızwe can run | sizçabalasızyou all can run | alaçabaladılathey can run |
| Ability — present | mençabalmaymaI can't run | sençabalmaysayou can't run | olçabalmaydıhe can't run | bizçabalmaybızwe can't run | sizçabalmaysızyou all can't run | alaçabalmaydılathey can't run |
| Ability — present | mençabalamamı? çabalamıma?can I run? | sençabalamısa?can you run? | olçabalamıdı?can he run? | bizçabalabızmı? çabalamıbız?can we run? | sizçabalamısız?can you all run? | alaçabalamıdıla?can they run? |
| Ability — present | mençabalmaymamı? çabalmaymıma?can't I run? | sençabalmaymısa?can't you run? | olçabalmaymıdı?can't he run? | bizçabalmaybızmı? çabalmaymıbız?can't we run? | sizçabalmaymısız?can't you all run? | alaçabalmaymıdıla?can't they run? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençabalsamif I can run | sençabalsaŋif you can run | olçabalsaif he can run | bizçabalsaqif we can run | sizçabalsağızif you all can run | alaçabalsalaif they can run |
| Ability — if I can… | mençabalmasamif I can't run | sençabalmasaŋif you can't run | olçabalmasaif he can't run | bizçabalmasaqif we can't run | sizçabalmasağızif you all can't run | alaçabalmasalaif they can't run |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençabaldımI was able to run | sençabaldıŋyou were able to run | olçabaldıhe was able to run | bizçabaldıqwe were able to run | sizçabaldığızyou all were able to run | alaçabaldılathey were able to run |
| Ability — simple past | mençabalmadımI could not run | sençabalmadıŋyou could not run | olçabalmadıhe could not run | bizçabalmadıqwe could not run | sizçabalmadığızyou all could not run | alaçabalmadılathey could not run |
| Ability — simple past | mençabaldımmı?was I able to run? | sençabaldıŋmı?were you able to run? | olçabaldımı?was he able to run? | bizçabaldıqmı?were we able to run? | sizçabaldığızmı?were you all able to run? | alaçabaldılamı?were they able to run? |
| Ability — simple past | mençabalmadımmı?couldn't I run? | sençabalmadıŋmı?couldn't you run? | olçabalmadımı?couldn't he run? | bizçabalmadıqmı?couldn't we run? | sizçabalmadığızmı?couldn't you all run? | alaçabalmadılamı?couldn't they run? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençabalğanmaI have been able to run | sençabalğansayou have been able to run | olçabalğandıhe has been able to run | bizçabalğanbızwe have been able to run | sizçabalğansızyou all have been able to run | alaçabalğandılathey have been able to run |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençabalmağanmaI haven't been able to run | sençabalmağansayou haven't been able to run | olçabalmağandıhe hasn't been able to run | bizçabalmağanbızwe haven't been able to run | sizçabalmağansızyou all haven't been able to run | alaçabalmağandılathey haven't been able to run |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençabalğanmamı? çabalğanmıma?have I been able to run? | sençabalğanmısa?have you been able to run? | olçabalğanmıdı?has he been able to run? | bizçabalğanbızmı? çabalğanmıbız?have we been able to run? | sizçabalğanmısız?have you all been able to run? | alaçabalğanmıdıla?have they been able to run? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençabalmağanmamı? çabalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to run? | sençabalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to run? | olçabalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to run? | bizçabalmağanbızmı? çabalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to run? | sizçabalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to run? | alaçabalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to run? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençabalğan edimçabalğanemI had been able to run | sençabalğan ediŋçabalğaneŋyou had been able to run | olçabalğan ediçabalğanedhe had been able to run | bizçabalğan edikçabalğanekwe had been able to run | sizçabalğan edigizçabalğanegizyou all had been able to run | alaçabalğan edileçabalğanellethey had been able to run |
| Ability — past perfect | mençabalmağan edimçabalmağanemI hadn't been able to run | sençabalmağan ediŋçabalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to run | olçabalmağan ediçabalmağanedhe hadn't been able to run | bizçabalmağan edikçabalmağanekwe hadn't been able to run | sizçabalmağan edigizçabalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to run | alaçabalmağan edileçabalmağanellethey hadn't been able to run |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençabala edimçabalaemI could run | sençabala ediŋçabalaeŋyou could run | olçabala ediçabalaedhe could run | bizçabala edikçabalaekwe could run | sizçabala edigizçabalaegizyou all could run | alaçabala edileçabalaellethey could run |
| Ability — past background | mençabalmay edimçabalmayemI could not run | sençabalmay ediŋçabalmayeŋyou could not run | olçabalmay ediçabalmayedhe could not run | bizçabalmay edikçabalmayekwe could not run | sizçabalmay edigizçabalmayegizyou all could not run | alaçabalmay edileçabalmayellethey could not run |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençabalırmaI will be able to run | sençabalırsayou will be able to run | olçabalırhe will be able to run | bizçabalırbızwe will be able to run | sizçabalırsızyou all will be able to run | alaçabalırlathey will be able to run |
| Ability — future I | mençabalmazmaI won't be able to run | sençabalmazsayou won't be able to run | olçabalmazhe won't be able to run | bizçabalmazbızwe won't be able to run | sizçabalmazsızyou all won't be able to run | alaçabalmazlathey won't be able to run |
| Ability — future I | mençabalırmamı? çabalırmıma?will I be able to run? | sençabalırmısa?will you be able to run? | olçabalırmı?will he be able to run? | bizçabalırbızmı? çabalırmıbız?will we be able to run? | sizçabalırmısız?will you all be able to run? | alaçabalırlamı? çabalırmıla?will they be able to run? |
| Ability — future I | mençabalmazmamı? çabalmazmıma?won't I be able to run? | sençabalmazmısa?won't you be able to run? | olçabalmazmı?won't he be able to run? | bizçabalmazbızmı? çabalmazmıbız?won't we be able to run? | sizçabalmazmısız?won't you all be able to run? | alaçabalmazlamı? çabalmazmıla?won't they be able to run? |
| Ability — future II | mençaballıqmaI am going to be able to run | sençaballıqsayou are going to be able to run | olçaballıqdıhe is going to be able to run | bizçaballıqbızwe are going to be able to run | sizçaballıqsızyou all are going to be able to run | alaçaballıqdılathey are going to be able to run |
| Ability — future II | mençaballıq tülmeI am not going to be able to run | sençaballıq tülseyou are not going to be able to run | olçaballıq tüldühe is not going to be able to run | bizçaballıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to run | sizçaballıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to run | alaçaballıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to run |
| Ability — future II | mençaballıqmamı? çaballıqmıma?am I going to be able to run? | sençaballıqmısa?are you going to be able to run? | olçaballıqmıdı?is he going to be able to run? | bizçaballıqbızmı? çaballıqmıbız?are we going to be able to run? | sizçaballıqmısız?are you all going to be able to run? | alaçaballıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to run? |
| Ability — future II | mençaballıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to run? | sençaballıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to run? | olçaballıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to run? | bizçaballıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to run? | sizçaballıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to run? | alaçaballıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to run? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençabalır edimçabalır emI would be able to run | sençabalır ediŋçabalır eŋyou would be able to run | olçabalır ediçabalır edhe would be able to run | bizçabalır edikçabalır ekwe would be able to run | sizçabalır edigizçabalır egizyou all would be able to run | alaçabalır edileçabalır ellethey would be able to run |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençabalmaz edimçabalmaz emI wouldn't be able to run | sençabalmaz ediŋçabalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to run | olçabalmaz ediçabalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to run | bizçabalmaz edikçabalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to run | sizçabalmaz edigizçabalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to run | alaçabalmaz edileçabalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to run |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençabalğınçabalğımay you be able to run | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençabalmağınçabalmağımay you not be able to run | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençabarğa izleymeI want to run | sençabarğa izleyseyou want to run | olçabarğa izleydihe wants to run | bizçabarğa izleybizwe want to run | sizçabarğa izleysizyou all want to run | alaçabarğa izleydilethey want to run |
| want to | mençabarğa izlemeymeI do not want to run | sençabarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to run | olçabarğa izlemeydihe does not want to run | bizçabarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to run | sizçabarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to run | alaçabarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to run |
| would like to | mençabarğa süemeI would like to run | sençabarğa süeseyou would like to run | olçabarğa süedihe would like to run | bizçabarğa süebizwe would like to run | sizçabarğa süesizyou all would like to run | alaçabarğa süedilethey would like to run |
| would like to | mençabarğa süymeymeI would not like to run | sençabarğa süymeyseyou would not like to run | olçabarğa süymeydihe would not like to run | bizçabarğa süymeybizwe would not like to run | sizçabarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to run | alaçabarğa süymeydilethey would not like to run |
| hope to | mençabarğa umutlanamaI hope to run | sençabarğa umutlanasayou hope to run | olçabarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to run | bizçabarğa umutlanabızwe hope to run | sizçabarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to run | alaçabarğa umutlanadılathey hope to run |
| hope to | mençabarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to run | sençabarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to run | olçabarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to run | bizçabarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to run | sizçabarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to run | alaçabarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to run |
| be about to | mençabarğa deb turamaI am about to run | sençabarğa deb turasayou are about to run | olçabarğa deb turadıhe is about to run | bizçabarğa deb turabızwe are about to run | sizçabarğa deb turasızyou all are about to run | alaçabarğa deb turadılathey are about to run |
| be about to | mençabarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to run | sençabarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to run | olçabarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to run | bizçabarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to run | sizçabarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to run | alaçabarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to run |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençabarğa kerekmeI need to run | sençabarğa kerekseyou need to run | olçabarğa kerekdihe needs to run | bizçabarğa kerekbizwe need to run | sizçabarğa kereksizyou all need to run | alaçabarğa kerekdilethey need to run |
| need to | mençabarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to run | sençabarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to run | olçabarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to run | bizçabarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to run | sizçabarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to run | alaçabarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to run |
| have to | menmenŋe çabarğa tüşediI have to run | sensenŋe çabarğa tüşediyou have to run | olaŋa çabarğa tüşedihe has to run | bizbizge çabarğa tüşediwe have to run | sizsizge çabarğa tüşediyou all have to run | alaalağa çabarğa tüşedithey have to run |
| have to | menmenŋe çabarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to run | sensenŋe çabarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to run | olaŋa çabarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to run | bizbizge çabarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to run | sizsizge çabarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to run | alaalağa çabarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to run |
| be obliged to | mençabarğa borçlumaI am obliged to run | sençabarğa borçlusayou are obliged to run | olçabarğa borçluduhe is obliged to run | bizçabarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to run | sizçabarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to run | alaçabarğa borçludulathey are obliged to run |
| be obliged to | mençabarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to run | sençabarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to run | olçabarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to run | bizçabarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to run | sizçabarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to run | alaçabarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to run |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençabarğa madarım bardıI have a way to run | sençabarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to run | olçabarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to run | bizçabarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to run | sizçabarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to run | alaçabarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to run |
| have a way to | mençabarğa madarım joqduI have no way to run | sençabarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to run | olçabarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to run | bizçabarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to run | sizçabarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to run | alaçabarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to run |
| be free to | mençabarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to run | sençabarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to run | olçabarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to run | bizçabarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to run | sizçabarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to run | alaçabarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to run |
| be free to | mençabarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to run | sençabarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to run | olçabarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to run | bizçabarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to run | sizçabarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to run | alaçabarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to run |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çabarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to run | sensenŋe çabarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to run | olaŋa çabarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to run | bizbizge çabarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to run | sizsizge çabarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to run | alaalağa çabarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to run |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to run | sensenŋe çabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to run | olaŋa çabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to run | bizbizge çabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to run | sizsizge çabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to run | alaalağa çabarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to run |
| be ready to | mençabarğa hazırmaI am ready to run | sençabarğa hazırsayou are ready to run | olçabarğa hazırdıhe is ready to run | bizçabarğa hazırbızwe are ready to run | sizçabarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to run | alaçabarğa hazırdılathey are ready to run |
| be ready to | mençabarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to run | sençabarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to run | olçabarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to run | bizçabarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to run | sizçabarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to run | alaçabarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to run |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençabarğa küreşemeI am trying to run | sençabarğa küreşeseyou are trying to run | olçabarğa küreşedihe is trying to run | bizçabarğa küreşebizwe are trying to run | sizçabarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to run | alaçabarğa küreşedilethey are trying to run |
| try to | mençabarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to run | sençabarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to run | olçabarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to run | bizçabarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to run | sizçabarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to run | alaçabarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to run |
| agree to | mençabarğa unaymaI agree to run | sençabarğa unaysayou agree to run | olçabarğa unaydıhe agrees to run | bizçabarğa unaybızwe agree to run | sizçabarğa unaysızyou all agree to run | alaçabarğa unaydılathey agree to run |
| agree to | mençabarğa unamaymaI refuse to run | sençabarğa unamaysayou refuse to run | olçabarğa unamaydıhe refuses to run | bizçabarğa unamaybızwe refuse to run | sizçabarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to run | alaçabarğa unamaydılathey refuse to run |
| hurry to | mençabarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to run | sençabarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to run | olçabarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to run | bizçabarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to run | sizçabarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to run | alaçabarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to run |
| hurry to | mençabarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to run | sençabarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to run | olçabarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to run | bizçabarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to run | sizçabarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to run | alaçabarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to run |
| be afraid to | mençabarğa qorqamaI am afraid to run | sençabarğa qorqasayou are afraid to run | olçabarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to run | bizçabarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to run | sizçabarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to run | alaçabarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to run |
| be afraid to | mençabarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to run | sençabarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to run | olçabarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to run | bizçabarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to run | sizçabarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to run | alaçabarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to run |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençaba bolmazmaI can't be running | sençaba bolmazsayou can't be running | olçaba bolmazhe can't be running | bizçaba bolmazbızwe can't be running | sizçaba bolmazsızyou all can't be running | alaçaba bolmazlathey can't be running |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençabmay bolmazmaI must be running (emphatic) | sençabmay bolmazsayou must be running (emphatic) | olçabmay bolmazhe must be running (emphatic) | bizçabmay bolmazbızwe must be running (emphatic) | sizçabmay bolmazsızyou all must be running (emphatic) | alaçabmay bolmazlathey must be running (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençaba turmasamif I don't keep running | sençaba turmasaŋif you don't keep running | olçaba turmasaif he doesn't keep running | bizçaba turmasaqif we don't keep running | sizçaba turmasağızif you all don't keep running | alaçaba turmasalaif they don't keep running |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençaba tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of running | sençaba tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of running | olçaba tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of running | bizçaba tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of running | sizçaba tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of running | alaçaba tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of running |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençabmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not running (emphatic) | sençabmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not running (emphatic) | olçabmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not running (emphatic) | bizçabmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not running (emphatic) | sizçabmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not running (emphatic) | alaçabmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not running (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençabmay turamaI keep on not running | sençabmay turasayou keep on not running | olçabmay turadıhe keeps on not running | bizçabmay turabızwe keep on not running | sizçabmay turasızyou all keep on not running | alaçabmay turadılathey keep on not running |
| Progressive — double negation | mençabmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not running | sençabmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not running | olçabmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not running | bizçabmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not running | sizçabmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not running | alaçabmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not running |
| Progressive — double negation | mençabmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not running? | sençabmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not running? | olçabmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not running? | bizçabmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not running? | sizçabmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not running? | alaçabmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not running? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençabhan bolmazmaI can't have run | sençabhan bolmazsayou can't have run | olçabhan bolmazhe can't have run | bizçabhan bolmazbızwe can't have run | sizçabhan bolmazsızyou all can't have run | alaçabhan bolmazlathey can't have run |
| Inference — double negation | mençabmağan bolmazmaI must have run (emphatic) | sençabmağan bolmazsayou must have run (emphatic) | olçabmağan bolmazhe must have run (emphatic) | bizçabmağan bolmazbızwe must have run (emphatic) | sizçabmağan bolmazsızyou all must have run (emphatic) | alaçabmağan bolmazlathey must have run (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençabhan bolmasamif it weren't that I had run | sençabhan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had run | olçabhan bolmasaif it weren't that he had run | bizçabhan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had run | sizçabhan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had run | alaçabhan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had run |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençabmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't run | sençabmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't run | olçabmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't run | bizçabmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't run | sizçabmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't run | alaçabmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't run |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençabarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to run | sençabarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to run | olçabarıq bolmazhe can't be going to run | bizçabarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to run | sizçabarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to run | alaçabarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to run |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençabmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to run (emphatic) | sençabmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to run (emphatic) | olçabmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to run (emphatic) | bizçabmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to run (emphatic) | sizçabmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to run (emphatic) | alaçabmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to run (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençabarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to run | sençabarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to run | olçabarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to run | bizçabarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to run | sizçabarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to run | alaçabarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to run |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençabmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to run | sençabmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to run | olçabmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to run | bizçabmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to run | sizçabmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to run | alaçabmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to run |