şuwuldarğa
/ʃuwuldarʁa/
1. rustle, swish, murmur, make a noise — of wind, leaves, a river or the sea; also of a ringing in the ears (qulaqlarım şuwuldaydıla)
- jel şuwuldaydı — the wind is murmuring
- çeget şuwuldaydı — the forest is rustling
- suw şuwuldaydı — the river is rushing
- teŋiz şuwuldaydı — the sea is roaring
- jel urub çegetni terekleri şuwuldaydıla — the wind blows and the trees of the forest rustle
- qulaqlarım şuwuldaydıla — my ears are ringing
2. rush, race, tear along, whoosh past — often as the converb şuwuldab followed by keterge or jeterge: şuwuldab ketdi he rushed off
- şuwuldab ketdi — he rushed off
- şuwuldab jeterge — to come rushing up
- ala ızıbızdan şuwuldab jetdile — they came rushing up behind us
- «Volga» qatıbız bla şuwuldab ozdu — the Volga tore past us
- at şuwuldab ozdu — the horse tore past
- şuwuldab üyge jetdim — I came rushing home
3. howl, whistle — of a blizzard or a strong wind one source
- boran şuwuldaydı — the blizzard is howling
- boran şuwuldab aylanadı üy başlarında — the blizzard whirls howling over the rooftops
- jel keçe şuwuldaydı — the wind howls at night
- taw jel erkin şuwuldağan jerde — in a place where the mountain wind howls freely
- qışda boran şuwuldab turadı — in winter the blizzard howls on and on
Conjugation
Common forms
- şuwuldaydıhe is rustling
- şuwuldadıhe rustled
- şuwuldağandıhe has rustled
- şuwuldarhe will rustle
- şuwuldarıqdıhe is going to rustle
- şuwulday edihe was rustling
- şuwuldasaif he rustles
- şuwulda!rustle!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menşuwuldaymaI am rustling | senşuwuldaysayou are rustling | olşuwuldaydıhe is rustling | bizşuwuldaybızwe are rustling | sizşuwuldaysızyou all are rustling | alaşuwuldaydılathey are rustling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menşuwuldamaymaI am not rustling | senşuwuldamaysayou are not rustling | olşuwuldamaydıhe is not rustling | bizşuwuldamaybızwe are not rustling | sizşuwuldamaysızyou all are not rustling | alaşuwuldamaydılathey are not rustling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menşuwuldaymamı? şuwuldaymıma?am I rustling? | senşuwuldaymısa?are you rustling? | olşuwuldaymıdı?is he rustling? | bizşuwuldaybızmı? şuwuldaymıbız?are we rustling? | sizşuwuldaymısız?are you all rustling? | alaşuwuldaymıdıla?are they rustling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menşuwuldamaymamı? şuwuldamaymıma?aren't I rustling? | senşuwuldamaymısa?aren't you rustling? | olşuwuldamaymıdı?isn't he rustling? | bizşuwuldamaybızmı? şuwuldamaymıbız?aren't we rustling? | sizşuwuldamaymısız?aren't you all rustling? | alaşuwuldamaymıdıla?aren't they rustling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menşuwuldawçanmaI usually rustle | senşuwuldawçansayou usually rustle | olşuwuldawçandıhe usually rustles | bizşuwuldawçanbızwe usually rustle | sizşuwuldawçansızyou all usually rustle | alaşuwuldawçandılathey usually rustle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menşuwuldamawçanmaI usually don't rustle | senşuwuldamawçansayou usually don't rustle | olşuwuldamawçandıhe usually doesn't rustle | bizşuwuldamawçanbızwe usually don't rustle | sizşuwuldamawçansızyou all usually don't rustle | alaşuwuldamawçandılathey usually don't rustle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menşuwuldawçanmamı? şuwuldawçanmıma?do I usually rustle? | senşuwuldawçanmısa?do you usually rustle? | olşuwuldawçanmıdı?does he usually rustle? | bizşuwuldawçanbızmı? şuwuldawçanmıbız?do we usually rustle? | sizşuwuldawçanmısız?do you all usually rustle? | alaşuwuldawçanmıdıla?do they usually rustle? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menşuwuldamawçanmamı? şuwuldamawçanmıma?do I usually not rustle? | senşuwuldamawçanmısa?do you usually not rustle? | olşuwuldamawçanmıdı?does he usually not rustle? | bizşuwuldamawçanbızmı? şuwuldamawçanmıbız?do we usually not rustle? | sizşuwuldamawçanmısız?do you all usually not rustle? | alaşuwuldamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not rustle? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olşuwuldabdıhe has rustled and remains so | alaşuwuldabdılathey have rustled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olşuwuldabmıdı?has he rustled? | alaşuwuldabmıdıla?have they rustled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menşuwuldab turamaI keep rustling | senşuwuldab turasayou keep rustling | olşuwuldab turadıhe keeps rustling | bizşuwuldab turabızwe keep rustling | sizşuwuldab turasızyou all keep rustling | alaşuwuldab turadılathey keep rustling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menşuwuldab turmaymaI don't keep rustling | senşuwuldab turmaysayou don't keep rustling | olşuwuldab turmaydıhe doesn't keep rustling | bizşuwuldab turmaybızwe don't keep rustling | sizşuwuldab turmaysızyou all don't keep rustling | alaşuwuldab turmaydılathey don't keep rustling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menşuwuldab turamamı? şuwuldab turamıma?do I keep rustling? | senşuwuldab turamısa?do you keep rustling? | olşuwuldab turamıdı?does he keep rustling? | bizşuwuldab turabızmı? şuwuldab turamıbız?do we keep rustling? | sizşuwuldab turamısız?do you all keep rustling? | alaşuwuldab turamıdıla?do they keep rustling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menşuwuldab turmaymamı? şuwuldab turmaymıma?don't I keep rustling? | senşuwuldab turmaymısa?don't you keep rustling? | olşuwuldab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep rustling? | bizşuwuldab turmaybızmı? şuwuldab turmaymıbız?don't we keep rustling? | sizşuwuldab turmaymısız?don't you all keep rustling? | alaşuwuldab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep rustling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menşuwulday turamaI am in the middle of rustling | senşuwulday turasayou are in the middle of rustling | olşuwulday turadıhe is in the middle of rustling | bizşuwulday turabızwe are in the middle of rustling | sizşuwulday turasızyou all are in the middle of rustling | alaşuwulday turadılathey are in the middle of rustling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menşuwulday turmaymaI am not in the middle of rustling | senşuwulday turmaysayou are not in the middle of rustling | olşuwulday turmaydıhe is not in the middle of rustling | bizşuwulday turmaybızwe are not in the middle of rustling | sizşuwulday turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of rustling | alaşuwulday turmaydılathey are not in the middle of rustling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menşuwulday turamamı? şuwulday turamıma?am I in the middle of rustling? | senşuwulday turamısa?are you in the middle of rustling? | olşuwulday turamıdı?is he in the middle of rustling? | bizşuwulday turabızmı? şuwulday turamıbız?are we in the middle of rustling? | sizşuwulday turamısız?are you all in the middle of rustling? | alaşuwulday turamıdıla?are they in the middle of rustling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menşuwulday turmaymamı? şuwulday turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of rustling? | senşuwulday turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of rustling? | olşuwulday turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of rustling? | bizşuwulday turmaybızmı? şuwulday turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of rustling? | sizşuwulday turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of rustling? | alaşuwulday turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of rustling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menşuwuldadımI rustled | senşuwuldadıŋyou rustled | olşuwuldadıhe rustled | bizşuwuldadıqwe rustled | sizşuwuldadığızyou all rustled | alaşuwuldadılathey rustled |
| Simple past (definite) | menşuwuldamadımI didn't rustle | senşuwuldamadıŋyou didn't rustle | olşuwuldamadıhe didn't rustle | bizşuwuldamadıqwe didn't rustle | sizşuwuldamadığızyou all didn't rustle | alaşuwuldamadılathey didn't rustle |
| Simple past (definite) | menşuwuldadımmı?did I rustle? | senşuwuldadıŋmı?did you rustle? | olşuwuldadımı?did he rustle? | bizşuwuldadıqmı?did we rustle? | sizşuwuldadığızmı?did you all rustle? | alaşuwuldadılamı?did they rustle? |
| Simple past (definite) | menşuwuldamadımmı?didn't I rustle? | senşuwuldamadıŋmı?didn't you rustle? | olşuwuldamadımı?didn't he rustle? | bizşuwuldamadıqmı?didn't we rustle? | sizşuwuldamadığızmı?didn't you all rustle? | alaşuwuldamadılamı?didn't they rustle? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menşuwuldağanmaI have rustled | senşuwuldağansayou have rustled | olşuwuldağandıhe has rustled | bizşuwuldağanbızwe have rustled | sizşuwuldağansızyou all have rustled | alaşuwuldağandılathey have rustled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menşuwuldamağanmaI haven't rustled | senşuwuldamağansayou haven't rustled | olşuwuldamağandıhe hasn't rustled | bizşuwuldamağanbızwe haven't rustled | sizşuwuldamağansızyou all haven't rustled | alaşuwuldamağandılathey haven't rustled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menşuwuldağanmamı? şuwuldağanmıma?have I rustled? | senşuwuldağanmısa?have you rustled? | olşuwuldağanmıdı?has he rustled? | bizşuwuldağanbızmı? şuwuldağanmıbız?have we rustled? | sizşuwuldağanmısız?have you all rustled? | alaşuwuldağanmıdıla?have they rustled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menşuwuldamağanmamı? şuwuldamağanmıma?haven't I rustled? | senşuwuldamağanmısa?haven't you rustled? | olşuwuldamağanmıdı?hasn't he rustled? | bizşuwuldamağanbızmı? şuwuldamağanmıbız?haven't we rustled? | sizşuwuldamağanmısız?haven't you all rustled? | alaşuwuldamağanmıdıla?haven't they rustled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menşuwuldab turdumI kept rustling | senşuwuldab turduŋyou kept rustling | olşuwuldab turduhe kept rustling | bizşuwuldab turduqwe kept rustling | sizşuwuldab turduğuzyou all kept rustling | alaşuwuldab turdulathey kept rustling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menşuwuldab turmadımI didn't keep rustling | senşuwuldab turmadıŋyou didn't keep rustling | olşuwuldab turmadıhe didn't keep rustling | bizşuwuldab turmadıqwe didn't keep rustling | sizşuwuldab turmadığızyou all didn't keep rustling | alaşuwuldab turmadılathey didn't keep rustling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menşuwuldarmaI will rustle | senşuwuldarsayou will rustle | olşuwuldarhe will rustle | bizşuwuldarbızwe will rustle | sizşuwuldarsızyou all will rustle | alaşuwuldarlathey will rustle |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menşuwuldamazmaI won't rustle | senşuwuldamazsayou won't rustle | olşuwuldamazhe won't rustle | bizşuwuldamazbızwe won't rustle | sizşuwuldamazsızyou all won't rustle | alaşuwuldamazlathey won't rustle |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menşuwuldarmamı? şuwuldarmıma?will I rustle? | senşuwuldarmısa?will you rustle? | olşuwuldarmı?will he rustle? | bizşuwuldarbızmı? şuwuldarmıbız?will we rustle? | sizşuwuldarmısız?will you all rustle? | alaşuwuldarlamı? şuwuldarmıla?will they rustle? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menşuwuldamazmamı? şuwuldamazmıma?won't I rustle? | senşuwuldamazmısa?won't you rustle? | olşuwuldamazmı?won't he rustle? | bizşuwuldamazbızmı? şuwuldamazmıbız?won't we rustle? | sizşuwuldamazmısız?won't you all rustle? | alaşuwuldamazlamı? şuwuldamazmıla?won't they rustle? |
| Definite future (future II) | menşuwuldarıqmaI am going to rustle | senşuwuldarıqsayou are going to rustle | olşuwuldarıqdıhe is going to rustle | bizşuwuldarıqbızwe are going to rustle | sizşuwuldarıqsızyou all are going to rustle | alaşuwuldarıqdılathey are going to rustle |
| Definite future (future II) | menşuwuldarıq tülmeI am not going to rustle | senşuwuldarıq tülseyou are not going to rustle | olşuwuldarıq tüldühe is not going to rustle | bizşuwuldarıq tülbüzwe are not going to rustle | sizşuwuldarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to rustle | alaşuwuldarıq tüldülethey are not going to rustle |
| Definite future (future II) | menşuwuldarıqmamı? şuwuldarıqmıma?am I going to rustle? | senşuwuldarıqmısa?are you going to rustle? | olşuwuldarıqmıdı?is he going to rustle? | bizşuwuldarıqbızmı? şuwuldarıqmıbız?are we going to rustle? | sizşuwuldarıqmısız?are you all going to rustle? | alaşuwuldarıqmıdıla?are they going to rustle? |
| Definite future (future II) | menşuwuldarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to rustle? | senşuwuldarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to rustle? | olşuwuldarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to rustle? | bizşuwuldarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to rustle? | sizşuwuldarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to rustle? | alaşuwuldarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to rustle? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menşuwuldağan edimşuwuldağanemI had rustled | senşuwuldağan ediŋşuwuldağaneŋyou had rustled | olşuwuldağan edişuwuldağanedhe had rustled | bizşuwuldağan edikşuwuldağanekwe had rustled | sizşuwuldağan edigizşuwuldağanegizyou all had rustled | alaşuwuldağan edileşuwuldağanellethey had rustled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menşuwuldamağan edimşuwuldamağanemI hadn't rustled | senşuwuldamağan ediŋşuwuldamağaneŋyou hadn't rustled | olşuwuldamağan edişuwuldamağanedhe hadn't rustled | bizşuwuldamağan edikşuwuldamağanekwe hadn't rustled | sizşuwuldamağan edigizşuwuldamağanegizyou all hadn't rustled | alaşuwuldamağan edileşuwuldamağanellethey hadn't rustled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menşuwulday edimşuwuldayemI was rustling | senşuwulday ediŋşuwuldayeŋyou were rustling | olşuwulday edişuwuldayedhe was rustling | bizşuwulday edikşuwuldayekwe were rustling | sizşuwulday edigizşuwuldayegizyou all were rustling | alaşuwulday edileşuwuldayellethey were rustling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menşuwuldamay edimşuwuldamayemI wasn't rustling | senşuwuldamay ediŋşuwuldamayeŋyou weren't rustling | olşuwuldamay edişuwuldamayedhe wasn't rustling | bizşuwuldamay edikşuwuldamayekwe weren't rustling | sizşuwuldamay edigizşuwuldamayegizyou all weren't rustling | alaşuwuldamay edileşuwuldamayellethey weren't rustling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menşuwuldawçan edimşuwuldawçanemI used to rustle | senşuwuldawçan ediŋşuwuldawçaneŋyou used to rustle | olşuwuldawçan edişuwuldawçanedhe used to rustle | bizşuwuldawçan edikşuwuldawçanekwe used to rustle | sizşuwuldawçan edigizşuwuldawçanegizyou all used to rustle | alaşuwuldawçan edileşuwuldawçanellethey used to rustle |
| Habitual past (used to) | menşuwuldamawçan edimşuwuldamawçanemI didn't use to rustle | senşuwuldamawçan ediŋşuwuldamawçaneŋyou didn't use to rustle | olşuwuldamawçan edişuwuldamawçanedhe didn't use to rustle | bizşuwuldamawçan edikşuwuldamawçanekwe didn't use to rustle | sizşuwuldamawçan edigizşuwuldamawçanegizyou all didn't use to rustle | alaşuwuldamawçan edileşuwuldamawçanellethey didn't use to rustle |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olşuwuldab edihe had rustled and remained so | alaşuwuldab edilethey had rustled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olşuwuldab tül edihe hadn't rustled | alaşuwuldab tül edilethey hadn't rustled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menşuwuldab tura edimşuwuldab turaemI had kept rustling | senşuwuldab tura ediŋşuwuldab turaeŋyou had kept rustling | olşuwuldab tura edişuwuldab turaedhe had kept rustling | bizşuwuldab tura edikşuwuldab turaekwe had kept rustling | sizşuwuldab tura edigizşuwuldab turaegizyou all had kept rustling | alaşuwuldab tura edileşuwuldab turaellethey had kept rustling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menşuwuldab turmay edimşuwuldab turmayemI hadn't kept rustling | senşuwuldab turmay ediŋşuwuldab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept rustling | olşuwuldab turmay edişuwuldab turmayedhe hadn't kept rustling | bizşuwuldab turmay edikşuwuldab turmayekwe hadn't kept rustling | sizşuwuldab turmay edigizşuwuldab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept rustling | alaşuwuldab turmay edileşuwuldab turmayellethey hadn't kept rustling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menşuwulday tura edimşuwulday turaemI was in the middle of rustling | senşuwulday tura ediŋşuwulday turaeŋyou were in the middle of rustling | olşuwulday tura edişuwulday turaedhe was in the middle of rustling | bizşuwulday tura edikşuwulday turaekwe were in the middle of rustling | sizşuwulday tura edigizşuwulday turaegizyou all were in the middle of rustling | alaşuwulday tura edileşuwulday turaellethey were in the middle of rustling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menşuwulday turmay edimşuwulday turmayemI wasn't in the middle of rustling | senşuwulday turmay ediŋşuwulday turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of rustling | olşuwulday turmay edişuwulday turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of rustling | bizşuwulday turmay edikşuwulday turmayekwe weren't in the middle of rustling | sizşuwulday turmay edigizşuwulday turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of rustling | alaşuwulday turmay edileşuwulday turmayellethey weren't in the middle of rustling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menşuwuldar edimşuwuldar emI would rustle | senşuwuldar ediŋşuwuldar eŋyou would rustle | olşuwuldar edişuwuldar edhe would rustle | bizşuwuldar edikşuwuldar ekwe would rustle | sizşuwuldar edigizşuwuldar egizyou all would rustle | alaşuwuldar edileşuwuldar ellethey would rustle |
| Conditional result (would) | menşuwuldamaz edimşuwuldamaz emI wouldn't rustle | senşuwuldamaz ediŋşuwuldamaz eŋyou wouldn't rustle | olşuwuldamaz edişuwuldamaz edhe wouldn't rustle | bizşuwuldamaz edikşuwuldamaz ekwe wouldn't rustle | sizşuwuldamaz edigizşuwuldamaz egizyou all wouldn't rustle | alaşuwuldamaz edileşuwuldamaz ellethey wouldn't rustle |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menşuwuldarıq edimşuwuldarıq emI would have rustled | senşuwuldarıq ediŋşuwuldarıq eŋyou would have rustled | olşuwuldarıq edişuwuldarıq edhe would have rustled | bizşuwuldarıq edikşuwuldarıq ekwe would have rustled | sizşuwuldarıq edigizşuwuldarıq egizyou all would have rustled | alaşuwuldarıq edileşuwuldarıq ellethey would have rustled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menşuwuldarıq tül edimşuwuldarıq tül emI wouldn't have rustled | senşuwuldarıq tül ediŋşuwuldarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have rustled | olşuwuldarıq tül edişuwuldarıq tül edhe wouldn't have rustled | bizşuwuldarıq tül edikşuwuldarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have rustled | sizşuwuldarıq tül edigizşuwuldarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have rustled | alaşuwuldarıq tül edileşuwuldarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have rustled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menşuwuldasamif I rustle | senşuwuldasaŋif you rustle | olşuwuldasaif he rustles | bizşuwuldasaqif we rustle | sizşuwuldasağızif you all rustle | alaşuwuldasalaif they rustle |
| Conditional | menşuwuldamasamif I don't rustle | senşuwuldamasaŋif you don't rustle | olşuwuldamasaif he doesn't rustle | bizşuwuldamasaqif we don't rustle | sizşuwuldamasağızif you all don't rustle | alaşuwuldamasalaif they don't rustle |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menşuwulday esemif I am rustling | senşuwulday eseŋif you are rustling | olşuwulday eseif he is rustling | bizşuwulday esekif we are rustling | sizşuwulday esegizif you all are rustling | alaşuwulday eseleif they are rustling |
| Conditional, present real | menşuwuldamay esemif I am not rustling | senşuwuldamay eseŋif you are not rustling | olşuwuldamay eseif he is not rustling | bizşuwuldamay esekif we are not rustling | sizşuwuldamay esegizif you all are not rustling | alaşuwuldamay eseleif they are not rustling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menşuwuldasam edişuwuldasam edif only I rustled | senşuwuldasaŋ edişuwuldasaŋ edif only you rustled | olşuwuldasa edişuwuldasaedif only he rustled | bizşuwuldasaq edişuwuldasaq edif only we rustled | sizşuwuldasağız edişuwuldasağız edif only you all rustled | alaşuwuldasala edişuwuldasalaedif only they rustled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menşuwuldamasam edişuwuldamasam edif only I didn't rustle | senşuwuldamasaŋ edişuwuldamasaŋ edif only you didn't rustle | olşuwuldamasa edişuwuldamasaedif only he didn't rustle | bizşuwuldamasaq edişuwuldamasaq edif only we didn't rustle | sizşuwuldamasağız edişuwuldamasağız edif only you all didn't rustle | alaşuwuldamasala edişuwuldamasalaedif only they didn't rustle |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menşuwuldab tursamif I carry on rustling | senşuwuldab tursaŋif you carry on rustling | olşuwuldab tursaif he carries on rustling | bizşuwuldab tursaqif we carry on rustling | sizşuwuldab tursağızif you all carry on rustling | alaşuwuldab tursalaif they carry on rustling |
| Durative conditional | menşuwuldab turmasamif I don't carry on rustling | senşuwuldab turmasaŋif you don't carry on rustling | olşuwuldab turmasaif he doesn't carry on rustling | bizşuwuldab turmasaqif we don't carry on rustling | sizşuwuldab turmasağızif you all don't carry on rustling | alaşuwuldab turmasalaif they don't carry on rustling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menşuwuldab tura esemif I have kept rustling | senşuwuldab tura eseŋif you have kept rustling | olşuwuldab tura eseif he has kept rustling | bizşuwuldab tura esekif we have kept rustling | sizşuwuldab tura esegizif you all have kept rustling | alaşuwuldab tura eseleif they have kept rustling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menşuwuldab turmay esemif I haven't kept rustling | senşuwuldab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept rustling | olşuwuldab turmay eseif he hasn't kept rustling | bizşuwuldab turmay esekif we haven't kept rustling | sizşuwuldab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept rustling | alaşuwuldab turmay eseleif they haven't kept rustling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menşuwulday tursamif I keep rustling | senşuwulday tursaŋif you keep rustling | olşuwulday tursaif he keeps rustling | bizşuwulday tursaqif we keep rustling | sizşuwulday tursağızif you all keep rustling | alaşuwulday tursalaif they keep rustling |
| Progressive conditional | menşuwuldamay tursamif I keep on not rustling | senşuwuldamay tursaŋif you keep on not rustling | olşuwuldamay tursaif he keeps on not rustling | bizşuwuldamay tursaqif we keep on not rustling | sizşuwuldamay tursağızif you all keep on not rustling | alaşuwuldamay tursalaif they keep on not rustling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menşuwulday tura esemif I am in the middle of rustling | senşuwulday tura eseŋif you are in the middle of rustling | olşuwulday tura eseif he is in the middle of rustling | bizşuwulday tura esekif we are in the middle of rustling | sizşuwulday tura esegizif you all are in the middle of rustling | alaşuwulday tura eseleif they are in the middle of rustling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menşuwuldamay tura esemif I keep on not rustling | senşuwuldamay tura eseŋif you keep on not rustling | olşuwuldamay tura eseif he keeps on not rustling | bizşuwuldamay tura esekif we keep on not rustling | sizşuwuldamay tura esegizif you all keep on not rustling | alaşuwuldamay tura eseleif they keep on not rustling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menşuwuldadım esemif I rustled | senşuwuldadıŋ eseŋif you rustled | olşuwuldadı eseif he rustled | bizşuwuldadıq esekif we rustled | sizşuwuldadığız esegizif you all rustled | alaşuwuldadıla eseleif they rustled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menşuwuldamadım esemif I didn't rustle | senşuwuldamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't rustle | olşuwuldamadı eseif he didn't rustle | bizşuwuldamadıq esekif we didn't rustle | sizşuwuldamadığız esegizif you all didn't rustle | alaşuwuldamadıla eseleif they didn't rustle |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menşuwuldağan esemif I did rustle (indeed) | senşuwuldağan eseŋif you did rustle (indeed) | olşuwuldağan eseif he did rustle (indeed) | bizşuwuldağan esekif we did rustle (indeed) | sizşuwuldağan esegizif you all did rustle (indeed) | alaşuwuldağan eseleif they did rustle (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menşuwuldamağan esemif I didn't rustle (indeed) | senşuwuldamağan eseŋif you didn't rustle (indeed) | olşuwuldamağan eseif he didn't rustle (indeed) | bizşuwuldamağan esekif we didn't rustle (indeed) | sizşuwuldamağan esegizif you all didn't rustle (indeed) | alaşuwuldamağan eseleif they didn't rustle (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menşuwuldağan bolsamif I had rustled | senşuwuldağan bolsaŋif you had rustled | olşuwuldağan bolsaif he had rustled | bizşuwuldağan bolsaqif we had rustled | sizşuwuldağan bolsağızif you all had rustled | alaşuwuldağan bolsalaif they had rustled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menşuwuldamağan bolsamif I hadn't rustled | senşuwuldamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't rustled | olşuwuldamağan bolsaif he hadn't rustled | bizşuwuldamağan bolsaqif we hadn't rustled | sizşuwuldamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't rustled | alaşuwuldamağan bolsalaif they hadn't rustled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menşuwuldağan bolsam edişuwuldağan bolsam edif only I had rustled | senşuwuldağan bolsaŋ edişuwuldağan bolsaŋ edif only you had rustled | olşuwuldağan bolsa edişuwuldağan bolsaedif only he had rustled | bizşuwuldağan bolsaq edişuwuldağan bolsaq edif only we had rustled | sizşuwuldağan bolsağız edişuwuldağan bolsağız edif only you all had rustled | alaşuwuldağan bolsala edişuwuldağan bolsalaedif only they had rustled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menşuwuldamağan bolsam edişuwuldamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't rustled | senşuwuldamağan bolsaŋ edişuwuldamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't rustled | olşuwuldamağan bolsa edişuwuldamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't rustled | bizşuwuldamağan bolsaq edişuwuldamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't rustled | sizşuwuldamağan bolsağız edişuwuldamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't rustled | alaşuwuldamağan bolsala edişuwuldamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't rustled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menşuwuldar esemif I will rustle | senşuwuldar eseŋif you will rustle | olşuwuldar eseif he will rustle | bizşuwuldar esekif we will rustle | sizşuwuldar esegizif you all will rustle | alaşuwuldar eseleif they will rustle |
| Conditional, aorist | menşuwuldamaz esemif I won't rustle | senşuwuldamaz eseŋif you won't rustle | olşuwuldamaz eseif he won't rustle | bizşuwuldamaz esekif we won't rustle | sizşuwuldamaz esegizif you all won't rustle | alaşuwuldamaz eseleif they won't rustle |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menşuwuldarıq esemif I am going to rustle | senşuwuldarıq eseŋif you are going to rustle | olşuwuldarıq eseif he is going to rustle | bizşuwuldarıq esekif we are going to rustle | sizşuwuldarıq esegizif you all are going to rustle | alaşuwuldarıq eseleif they are going to rustle |
| Conditional, future | menşuwuldarıq tül esemif I am not going to rustle | senşuwuldarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to rustle | olşuwuldarıq tül eseif he is not going to rustle | bizşuwuldarıq tül esekif we are not going to rustle | sizşuwuldarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to rustle | alaşuwuldarıq tül eseleif they are not going to rustle |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menşuwuldarıq bolsamif I were going to rustle | senşuwuldarıq bolsaŋif you were going to rustle | olşuwuldarıq bolsaif he were going to rustle | bizşuwuldarıq bolsaqif we were going to rustle | sizşuwuldarıq bolsağızif you all were going to rustle | alaşuwuldarıq bolsalaif they were going to rustle |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menşuwuldamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to rustle | senşuwuldamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to rustle | olşuwuldamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to rustle | bizşuwuldamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to rustle | sizşuwuldamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to rustle | alaşuwuldamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to rustle |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso şuwuldadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menşuwulday bolurmaI must be rustling | senşuwulday bolursayou must be rustling | olşuwulday bolurhe must be rustling | bizşuwulday bolurbuzwe must be rustling | sizşuwulday bolursuzyou all must be rustling | alaşuwulday bolurlathey must be rustling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menşuwuldamay bolurmaI must not be rustling | senşuwuldamay bolursayou must not be rustling | olşuwuldamay bolurhe must not be rustling | bizşuwuldamay bolurbuzwe must not be rustling | sizşuwuldamay bolursuzyou all must not be rustling | alaşuwuldamay bolurlathey must not be rustling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menşuwulday tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of rustling | senşuwulday tura bolursayou must be in the middle of rustling | olşuwulday tura bolurhe must be in the middle of rustling | bizşuwulday tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of rustling | sizşuwulday tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of rustling | alaşuwulday tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of rustling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menşuwuldamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not rustling | senşuwuldamay tura bolursayou must keep on not rustling | olşuwuldamay tura bolurhe must keep on not rustling | bizşuwuldamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not rustling | sizşuwuldamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not rustling | alaşuwuldamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not rustling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menşuwuldağan bolurmaI must have rustled | senşuwuldağan bolursayou must have rustled | olşuwuldağan bolurhe must have rustled | bizşuwuldağan bolurbuzwe must have rustled | sizşuwuldağan bolursuzyou all must have rustled | alaşuwuldağan bolurlathey must have rustled |
| Inference (must have) | menşuwuldamağan bolurmaI must not have rustled | senşuwuldamağan bolursayou must not have rustled | olşuwuldamağan bolurhe must not have rustled | bizşuwuldamağan bolurbuzwe must not have rustled | sizşuwuldamağan bolursuzyou all must not have rustled | alaşuwuldamağan bolurlathey must not have rustled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menşuwuldarıq bolurmaI must be going to rustle | senşuwuldarıq bolursayou must be going to rustle | olşuwuldarıq bolurhe must be going to rustle | bizşuwuldarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to rustle | sizşuwuldarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to rustle | alaşuwuldarıq bolurlathey must be going to rustle |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menşuwuldamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to rustle | senşuwuldamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to rustle | olşuwuldamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to rustle | bizşuwuldamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to rustle | sizşuwuldamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to rustle | alaşuwuldamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to rustle |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menşuwuldayımlet me rustle | senşuwulda!rustle! | olşuwuldasınlet him rustle | bizşuwuldayıqlet's rustle | sizşuwuldağız!rustle, you all! | alaşuwuldasınlalet them rustle |
| Commands & suggestions | menşuwuldamayımlet me not rustle | senşuwuldama!don't rustle! | olşuwuldamasınlet him not rustle | bizşuwuldamayıqlet's not rustle | sizşuwuldamağız!don't rustle, you all! | alaşuwuldamasınlalet them not rustle |
| Commands & suggestions | menşuwuldayımmı?shall I rustle? | olşuwuldasınmı?should he rustle? | bizşuwuldayıqmı?shall we rustle? | alaşuwuldasınlamı?should they rustle? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menşuwuldamayımmı?shall I not rustle? | olşuwuldamasınmı?should he not rustle? | bizşuwuldamayıqmı?shall we not rustle? | alaşuwuldamasınlamı?should they not rustle? | ||
| Requests | senşuwuldaçı2şuwuldaçınplease rustle | olşuwuldasınçıdo let him rustle | sizşuwuldaçığızplease rustle (plural/polite) | alaşuwuldasınlaçıdo let them rustle | ||
| Requests | senşuwuldamaçı2şuwuldamaçınplease don't rustle | olşuwuldamasınçıdo let him not rustle | sizşuwuldamaçığızplease don't rustle (plural/polite) | alaşuwuldamasınlaçıdo let them not rustle | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senşuwuldağınşuwuldağımay you rustle | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senşuwuldamağınşuwuldamağımay you not rustle | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menşuwuldağay edim şuwuldağa edimwould that I rustled | senşuwuldağay ediŋ şuwuldağa ediŋwould that you rustled | olşuwuldağay edi şuwuldağa ediwould that he rustled | bizşuwuldağay edik şuwuldağa edikwould that we rustled | sizşuwuldağay edigiz şuwuldağa edigizwould that you all rustled | alaşuwuldağay edile şuwuldağa edilewould that they rustled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menşuwuldamağay edim şuwuldamağa edimwould that I did not rustle | senşuwuldamağay ediŋ şuwuldamağa ediŋwould that you did not rustle | olşuwuldamağay edi şuwuldamağa ediwould that he did not rustle | bizşuwuldamağay edik şuwuldamağa edikwould that we did not rustle | sizşuwuldamağay edigiz şuwuldamağa edigizwould that you all did not rustle | alaşuwuldamağay edile şuwuldamağa edilewould that they did not rustle |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menşuwuldamağa qoyayımşuwuldama qoyayımlet me allow someone to rustle | senşuwuldamağa qoy!şuwuldama qoy!let someone rustle! | olşuwuldamağa qoysunşuwuldama qoysunlet him allow someone to rustle | bizşuwuldamağa qoyayıqşuwuldama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to rustle | sizşuwuldamağa qoyuğuz!şuwuldama qoyuğuz!let someone rustle, you all! | alaşuwuldamağa qoysunlaşuwuldama qoysunlalet them allow someone to rustle |
| Let someone… (commands) | menşuwuldamağa qoymayımşuwuldama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to rustle | senşuwuldamağa qoyma!şuwuldama qoyma!don't let someone rustle! | olşuwuldamağa qoymasınşuwuldama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to rustle | bizşuwuldamağa qoymayıqşuwuldama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to rustle | sizşuwuldamağa qoymağız!şuwuldama qoymağız!don't let someone rustle, you all! | alaşuwuldamağa qoymasınlaşuwuldama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to rustle |
| Let someone… (commands) | menşuwuldamağa qoyayımmı?şuwuldama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to rustle? | olşuwuldamağa qoysunmu?şuwuldama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to rustle? | bizşuwuldamağa qoyayıqmı?şuwuldama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to rustle? | alaşuwuldamağa qoysunlamı?şuwuldama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to rustle? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menşuwuldamağa qoymayımmı?şuwuldama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to rustle? | olşuwuldamağa qoymasınmı?şuwuldama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to rustle? | bizşuwuldamağa qoymayıqmı?şuwuldama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to rustle? | alaşuwuldamağa qoymasınlamı?şuwuldama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to rustle? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menşuwuldamağa qoyamaşuwuldama qoyamaI allow someone to rustle | senşuwuldamağa qoyasaşuwuldama qoyasayou allow someone to rustle | olşuwuldamağa qoyadışuwuldama qoyadıhe allows someone to rustle | bizşuwuldamağa qoyabızşuwuldama qoyabızwe allow someone to rustle | sizşuwuldamağa qoyasızşuwuldama qoyasızyou all allow someone to rustle | alaşuwuldamağa qoyadılaşuwuldama qoyadılathey allow someone to rustle |
| Let someone… (present) | menşuwuldamağa qoymaymaşuwuldama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to rustle | senşuwuldamağa qoymaysaşuwuldama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to rustle | olşuwuldamağa qoymaydışuwuldama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to rustle | bizşuwuldamağa qoymaybızşuwuldama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to rustle | sizşuwuldamağa qoymaysızşuwuldama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to rustle | alaşuwuldamağa qoymaydılaşuwuldama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to rustle |
| Let someone… (present) | menşuwuldamağa qoyamamı?şuwuldama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to rustle? | senşuwuldamağa qoyamısa?şuwuldama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to rustle? | olşuwuldamağa qoyamıdı?şuwuldama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to rustle? | bizşuwuldamağa qoyabızmı?şuwuldama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to rustle? | sizşuwuldamağa qoyamısız?şuwuldama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to rustle? | alaşuwuldamağa qoyamıdıla?şuwuldama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to rustle? |
| Let someone… (present) | menşuwuldamağa qoymaymamı?şuwuldama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to rustle? | senşuwuldamağa qoymaymısa?şuwuldama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to rustle? | olşuwuldamağa qoymaymıdı?şuwuldama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to rustle? | bizşuwuldamağa qoymaybızmı?şuwuldama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to rustle? | sizşuwuldamağa qoymaymısız?şuwuldama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to rustle? | alaşuwuldamağa qoymaymıdıla?şuwuldama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to rustle? |
| Let someone… (past) | menşuwuldamağa qoydumşuwuldama qoydumI allowed someone to rustle | senşuwuldamağa qoyduŋşuwuldama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to rustle | olşuwuldamağa qoyduşuwuldama qoyduhe allowed someone to rustle | bizşuwuldamağa qoyduqşuwuldama qoyduqwe allowed someone to rustle | sizşuwuldamağa qoyduğuzşuwuldama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to rustle | alaşuwuldamağa qoydulaşuwuldama qoydulathey allowed someone to rustle |
| Let someone… (past) | menşuwuldamağa qoymadımşuwuldama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to rustle | senşuwuldamağa qoymadıŋşuwuldama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to rustle | olşuwuldamağa qoymadışuwuldama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to rustle | bizşuwuldamağa qoymadıqşuwuldama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to rustle | sizşuwuldamağa qoymadığızşuwuldama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to rustle | alaşuwuldamağa qoymadılaşuwuldama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to rustle |
| Let someone… (past) | menşuwuldamağa qoydummu?şuwuldama qoydummu?did I allow someone to rustle? | senşuwuldamağa qoyduŋmu?şuwuldama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to rustle? | olşuwuldamağa qoydumu?şuwuldama qoydumu?did he allow someone to rustle? | bizşuwuldamağa qoyduqmu?şuwuldama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to rustle? | sizşuwuldamağa qoyduğuzmu?şuwuldama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to rustle? | alaşuwuldamağa qoydulamı?şuwuldama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to rustle? |
| Let someone… (past) | menşuwuldamağa qoymadımmı?şuwuldama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to rustle? | senşuwuldamağa qoymadıŋmı?şuwuldama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to rustle? | olşuwuldamağa qoymadımı?şuwuldama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to rustle? | bizşuwuldamağa qoymadıqmı?şuwuldama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to rustle? | sizşuwuldamağa qoymadığızmı?şuwuldama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to rustle? | alaşuwuldamağa qoymadılamı?şuwuldama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to rustle? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
şuwuldayalırğa be able to rustle · şuwuldayalmazğa be unable to rustle
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menşuwuldayalamaI can rustle | senşuwuldayalasayou can rustle | olşuwuldayaladıhe can rustle | bizşuwuldayalabızwe can rustle | sizşuwuldayalasızyou all can rustle | alaşuwuldayaladılathey can rustle |
| Ability — present | menşuwuldayalmaymaI can't rustle | senşuwuldayalmaysayou can't rustle | olşuwuldayalmaydıhe can't rustle | bizşuwuldayalmaybızwe can't rustle | sizşuwuldayalmaysızyou all can't rustle | alaşuwuldayalmaydılathey can't rustle |
| Ability — present | menşuwuldayalamamı? şuwuldayalamıma?can I rustle? | senşuwuldayalamısa?can you rustle? | olşuwuldayalamıdı?can he rustle? | bizşuwuldayalabızmı? şuwuldayalamıbız?can we rustle? | sizşuwuldayalamısız?can you all rustle? | alaşuwuldayalamıdıla?can they rustle? |
| Ability — present | menşuwuldayalmaymamı? şuwuldayalmaymıma?can't I rustle? | senşuwuldayalmaymısa?can't you rustle? | olşuwuldayalmaymıdı?can't he rustle? | bizşuwuldayalmaybızmı? şuwuldayalmaymıbız?can't we rustle? | sizşuwuldayalmaymısız?can't you all rustle? | alaşuwuldayalmaymıdıla?can't they rustle? |
| Ability — if I can… | menşuwuldayalsamif I can rustle | senşuwuldayalsaŋif you can rustle | olşuwuldayalsaif he can rustle | bizşuwuldayalsaqif we can rustle | sizşuwuldayalsağızif you all can rustle | alaşuwuldayalsalaif they can rustle |
| Ability — if I can… | menşuwuldayalmasamif I can't rustle | senşuwuldayalmasaŋif you can't rustle | olşuwuldayalmasaif he can't rustle | bizşuwuldayalmasaqif we can't rustle | sizşuwuldayalmasağızif you all can't rustle | alaşuwuldayalmasalaif they can't rustle |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menşuwuldayaldımI was able to rustle | senşuwuldayaldıŋyou were able to rustle | olşuwuldayaldıhe was able to rustle | bizşuwuldayaldıqwe were able to rustle | sizşuwuldayaldığızyou all were able to rustle | alaşuwuldayaldılathey were able to rustle |
| Ability — simple past | menşuwuldayalmadımI could not rustle | senşuwuldayalmadıŋyou could not rustle | olşuwuldayalmadıhe could not rustle | bizşuwuldayalmadıqwe could not rustle | sizşuwuldayalmadığızyou all could not rustle | alaşuwuldayalmadılathey could not rustle |
| Ability — simple past | menşuwuldayaldımmı?was I able to rustle? | senşuwuldayaldıŋmı?were you able to rustle? | olşuwuldayaldımı?was he able to rustle? | bizşuwuldayaldıqmı?were we able to rustle? | sizşuwuldayaldığızmı?were you all able to rustle? | alaşuwuldayaldılamı?were they able to rustle? |
| Ability — simple past | menşuwuldayalmadımmı?couldn't I rustle? | senşuwuldayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you rustle? | olşuwuldayalmadımı?couldn't he rustle? | bizşuwuldayalmadıqmı?couldn't we rustle? | sizşuwuldayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all rustle? | alaşuwuldayalmadılamı?couldn't they rustle? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menşuwuldayalğanmaI have been able to rustle | senşuwuldayalğansayou have been able to rustle | olşuwuldayalğandıhe has been able to rustle | bizşuwuldayalğanbızwe have been able to rustle | sizşuwuldayalğansızyou all have been able to rustle | alaşuwuldayalğandılathey have been able to rustle |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menşuwuldayalmağanmaI haven't been able to rustle | senşuwuldayalmağansayou haven't been able to rustle | olşuwuldayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to rustle | bizşuwuldayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to rustle | sizşuwuldayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to rustle | alaşuwuldayalmağandılathey haven't been able to rustle |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menşuwuldayalğanmamı? şuwuldayalğanmıma?have I been able to rustle? | senşuwuldayalğanmısa?have you been able to rustle? | olşuwuldayalğanmıdı?has he been able to rustle? | bizşuwuldayalğanbızmı? şuwuldayalğanmıbız?have we been able to rustle? | sizşuwuldayalğanmısız?have you all been able to rustle? | alaşuwuldayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to rustle? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menşuwuldayalmağanmamı? şuwuldayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to rustle? | senşuwuldayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to rustle? | olşuwuldayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to rustle? | bizşuwuldayalmağanbızmı? şuwuldayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to rustle? | sizşuwuldayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to rustle? | alaşuwuldayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to rustle? |
| Ability — past perfect | menşuwuldayalğan edimşuwuldayalğanemI had been able to rustle | senşuwuldayalğan ediŋşuwuldayalğaneŋyou had been able to rustle | olşuwuldayalğan edişuwuldayalğanedhe had been able to rustle | bizşuwuldayalğan edikşuwuldayalğanekwe had been able to rustle | sizşuwuldayalğan edigizşuwuldayalğanegizyou all had been able to rustle | alaşuwuldayalğan edileşuwuldayalğanellethey had been able to rustle |
| Ability — past perfect | menşuwuldayalmağan edimşuwuldayalmağanemI hadn't been able to rustle | senşuwuldayalmağan ediŋşuwuldayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to rustle | olşuwuldayalmağan edişuwuldayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to rustle | bizşuwuldayalmağan edikşuwuldayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to rustle | sizşuwuldayalmağan edigizşuwuldayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to rustle | alaşuwuldayalmağan edileşuwuldayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to rustle |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menşuwuldayala edimşuwuldayalaemI could rustle | senşuwuldayala ediŋşuwuldayalaeŋyou could rustle | olşuwuldayala edişuwuldayalaedhe could rustle | bizşuwuldayala edikşuwuldayalaekwe could rustle | sizşuwuldayala edigizşuwuldayalaegizyou all could rustle | alaşuwuldayala edileşuwuldayalaellethey could rustle |
| Ability — past background | menşuwuldayalmay edimşuwuldayalmayemI could not rustle | senşuwuldayalmay ediŋşuwuldayalmayeŋyou could not rustle | olşuwuldayalmay edişuwuldayalmayedhe could not rustle | bizşuwuldayalmay edikşuwuldayalmayekwe could not rustle | sizşuwuldayalmay edigizşuwuldayalmayegizyou all could not rustle | alaşuwuldayalmay edileşuwuldayalmayellethey could not rustle |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menşuwuldayalırmaI will be able to rustle | senşuwuldayalırsayou will be able to rustle | olşuwuldayalırhe will be able to rustle | bizşuwuldayalırbızwe will be able to rustle | sizşuwuldayalırsızyou all will be able to rustle | alaşuwuldayalırlathey will be able to rustle |
| Ability — future I | menşuwuldayalmazmaI won't be able to rustle | senşuwuldayalmazsayou won't be able to rustle | olşuwuldayalmazhe won't be able to rustle | bizşuwuldayalmazbızwe won't be able to rustle | sizşuwuldayalmazsızyou all won't be able to rustle | alaşuwuldayalmazlathey won't be able to rustle |
| Ability — future I | menşuwuldayalırmamı? şuwuldayalırmıma?will I be able to rustle? | senşuwuldayalırmısa?will you be able to rustle? | olşuwuldayalırmı?will he be able to rustle? | bizşuwuldayalırbızmı? şuwuldayalırmıbız?will we be able to rustle? | sizşuwuldayalırmısız?will you all be able to rustle? | alaşuwuldayalırlamı? şuwuldayalırmıla?will they be able to rustle? |
| Ability — future I | menşuwuldayalmazmamı? şuwuldayalmazmıma?won't I be able to rustle? | senşuwuldayalmazmısa?won't you be able to rustle? | olşuwuldayalmazmı?won't he be able to rustle? | bizşuwuldayalmazbızmı? şuwuldayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to rustle? | sizşuwuldayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to rustle? | alaşuwuldayalmazlamı? şuwuldayalmazmıla?won't they be able to rustle? |
| Ability — future II | menşuwuldayallıqmaI am going to be able to rustle | senşuwuldayallıqsayou are going to be able to rustle | olşuwuldayallıqdıhe is going to be able to rustle | bizşuwuldayallıqbızwe are going to be able to rustle | sizşuwuldayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to rustle | alaşuwuldayallıqdılathey are going to be able to rustle |
| Ability — future II | menşuwuldayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to rustle | senşuwuldayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to rustle | olşuwuldayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to rustle | bizşuwuldayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to rustle | sizşuwuldayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to rustle | alaşuwuldayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to rustle |
| Ability — future II | menşuwuldayallıqmamı? şuwuldayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to rustle? | senşuwuldayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to rustle? | olşuwuldayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to rustle? | bizşuwuldayallıqbızmı? şuwuldayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to rustle? | sizşuwuldayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to rustle? | alaşuwuldayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to rustle? |
| Ability — future II | menşuwuldayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to rustle? | senşuwuldayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to rustle? | olşuwuldayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to rustle? | bizşuwuldayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to rustle? | sizşuwuldayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to rustle? | alaşuwuldayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to rustle? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menşuwuldayalır edimşuwuldayalır emI would be able to rustle | senşuwuldayalır ediŋşuwuldayalır eŋyou would be able to rustle | olşuwuldayalır edişuwuldayalır edhe would be able to rustle | bizşuwuldayalır edikşuwuldayalır ekwe would be able to rustle | sizşuwuldayalır edigizşuwuldayalır egizyou all would be able to rustle | alaşuwuldayalır edileşuwuldayalır ellethey would be able to rustle |
| Ability — would be able to… | menşuwuldayalmaz edimşuwuldayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to rustle | senşuwuldayalmaz ediŋşuwuldayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to rustle | olşuwuldayalmaz edişuwuldayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to rustle | bizşuwuldayalmaz edikşuwuldayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to rustle | sizşuwuldayalmaz edigizşuwuldayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to rustle | alaşuwuldayalmaz edileşuwuldayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to rustle |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senşuwuldayalğınşuwuldayalğımay you be able to rustle | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senşuwuldayalmağınşuwuldayalmağımay you not be able to rustle | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menşuwuldarğa izleymeI want to rustle | senşuwuldarğa izleyseyou want to rustle | olşuwuldarğa izleydihe wants to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa izleybizwe want to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa izleysizyou all want to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa izleydilethey want to rustle |
| want to | menşuwuldarğa izlemeymeI do not want to rustle | senşuwuldarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to rustle | olşuwuldarğa izlemeydihe does not want to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to rustle |
| would like to | menşuwuldarğa süemeI would like to rustle | senşuwuldarğa süeseyou would like to rustle | olşuwuldarğa süedihe would like to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa süebizwe would like to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa süesizyou all would like to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa süedilethey would like to rustle |
| would like to | menşuwuldarğa süymeymeI would not like to rustle | senşuwuldarğa süymeyseyou would not like to rustle | olşuwuldarğa süymeydihe would not like to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa süymeybizwe would not like to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa süymeydilethey would not like to rustle |
| hope to | menşuwuldarğa umutlanamaI hope to rustle | senşuwuldarğa umutlanasayou hope to rustle | olşuwuldarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa umutlanabızwe hope to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa umutlanadılathey hope to rustle |
| hope to | menşuwuldarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to rustle | senşuwuldarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to rustle | olşuwuldarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to rustle |
| be about to | menşuwuldarğa deb turamaI am about to rustle | senşuwuldarğa deb turasayou are about to rustle | olşuwuldarğa deb turadıhe is about to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa deb turabızwe are about to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa deb turasızyou all are about to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa deb turadılathey are about to rustle |
| be about to | menşuwuldarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to rustle | senşuwuldarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to rustle | olşuwuldarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to rustle |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menşuwuldarğa kerekmeI need to rustle | senşuwuldarğa kerekseyou need to rustle | olşuwuldarğa kerekdihe needs to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa kerekbizwe need to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa kereksizyou all need to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa kerekdilethey need to rustle |
| need to | menşuwuldarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to rustle | senşuwuldarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to rustle | olşuwuldarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to rustle |
| have to | menmenŋe şuwuldarğa tüşediI have to rustle | sensenŋe şuwuldarğa tüşediyou have to rustle | olaŋa şuwuldarğa tüşedihe has to rustle | bizbizge şuwuldarğa tüşediwe have to rustle | sizsizge şuwuldarğa tüşediyou all have to rustle | alaalağa şuwuldarğa tüşedithey have to rustle |
| have to | menmenŋe şuwuldarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to rustle | sensenŋe şuwuldarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to rustle | olaŋa şuwuldarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to rustle | bizbizge şuwuldarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to rustle | sizsizge şuwuldarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to rustle | alaalağa şuwuldarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to rustle |
| be obliged to | menşuwuldarğa borçlumaI am obliged to rustle | senşuwuldarğa borçlusayou are obliged to rustle | olşuwuldarğa borçluduhe is obliged to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa borçludulathey are obliged to rustle |
| be obliged to | menşuwuldarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to rustle | senşuwuldarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to rustle | olşuwuldarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to rustle |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menşuwuldarğa madarım bardıI have a way to rustle | senşuwuldarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to rustle | olşuwuldarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to rustle |
| have a way to | menşuwuldarğa madarım joqduI have no way to rustle | senşuwuldarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to rustle | olşuwuldarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to rustle |
| be free to | menşuwuldarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to rustle | senşuwuldarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to rustle | olşuwuldarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to rustle |
| be free to | menşuwuldarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to rustle | senşuwuldarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to rustle | olşuwuldarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to rustle |
| be possible to | menmenŋe şuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to rustle | sensenŋe şuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to rustle | olaŋa şuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to rustle | bizbizge şuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to rustle | sizsizge şuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to rustle | alaalağa şuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to rustle |
| be possible to | menmenŋe şuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to rustle | sensenŋe şuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to rustle | olaŋa şuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to rustle | bizbizge şuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to rustle | sizsizge şuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to rustle | alaalağa şuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to rustle |
| be ready to | menşuwuldarğa hazırmaI am ready to rustle | senşuwuldarğa hazırsayou are ready to rustle | olşuwuldarğa hazırdıhe is ready to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa hazırbızwe are ready to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa hazırdılathey are ready to rustle |
| be ready to | menşuwuldarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to rustle | senşuwuldarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to rustle | olşuwuldarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to rustle |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menşuwuldarğa küreşemeI am trying to rustle | senşuwuldarğa küreşeseyou are trying to rustle | olşuwuldarğa küreşedihe is trying to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa küreşebizwe are trying to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa küreşedilethey are trying to rustle |
| try to | menşuwuldarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to rustle | senşuwuldarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to rustle | olşuwuldarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to rustle |
| agree to | menşuwuldarğa unaymaI agree to rustle | senşuwuldarğa unaysayou agree to rustle | olşuwuldarğa unaydıhe agrees to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa unaybızwe agree to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa unaysızyou all agree to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa unaydılathey agree to rustle |
| agree to | menşuwuldarğa unamaymaI refuse to rustle | senşuwuldarğa unamaysayou refuse to rustle | olşuwuldarğa unamaydıhe refuses to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa unamaybızwe refuse to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa unamaydılathey refuse to rustle |
| hurry to | menşuwuldarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to rustle | senşuwuldarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to rustle | olşuwuldarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to rustle |
| hurry to | menşuwuldarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to rustle | senşuwuldarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to rustle | olşuwuldarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to rustle |
| be afraid to | menşuwuldarğa qorqamaI am afraid to rustle | senşuwuldarğa qorqasayou are afraid to rustle | olşuwuldarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to rustle |
| be afraid to | menşuwuldarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to rustle | senşuwuldarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to rustle | olşuwuldarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to rustle | bizşuwuldarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to rustle | sizşuwuldarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to rustle | alaşuwuldarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to rustle |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menşuwulday bolmazmaI can't be rustling | senşuwulday bolmazsayou can't be rustling | olşuwulday bolmazhe can't be rustling | bizşuwulday bolmazbızwe can't be rustling | sizşuwulday bolmazsızyou all can't be rustling | alaşuwulday bolmazlathey can't be rustling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menşuwuldamay bolmazmaI must be rustling (emphatic) | senşuwuldamay bolmazsayou must be rustling (emphatic) | olşuwuldamay bolmazhe must be rustling (emphatic) | bizşuwuldamay bolmazbızwe must be rustling (emphatic) | sizşuwuldamay bolmazsızyou all must be rustling (emphatic) | alaşuwuldamay bolmazlathey must be rustling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menşuwulday turmasamif I don't keep rustling | senşuwulday turmasaŋif you don't keep rustling | olşuwulday turmasaif he doesn't keep rustling | bizşuwulday turmasaqif we don't keep rustling | sizşuwulday turmasağızif you all don't keep rustling | alaşuwulday turmasalaif they don't keep rustling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menşuwulday tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of rustling | senşuwulday tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of rustling | olşuwulday tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of rustling | bizşuwulday tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of rustling | sizşuwulday tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of rustling | alaşuwulday tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of rustling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menşuwuldamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not rustling (emphatic) | senşuwuldamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not rustling (emphatic) | olşuwuldamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not rustling (emphatic) | bizşuwuldamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not rustling (emphatic) | sizşuwuldamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not rustling (emphatic) | alaşuwuldamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not rustling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menşuwuldamay turamaI keep on not rustling | senşuwuldamay turasayou keep on not rustling | olşuwuldamay turadıhe keeps on not rustling | bizşuwuldamay turabızwe keep on not rustling | sizşuwuldamay turasızyou all keep on not rustling | alaşuwuldamay turadılathey keep on not rustling |
| Progressive — double negation | menşuwuldamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not rustling | senşuwuldamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not rustling | olşuwuldamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not rustling | bizşuwuldamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not rustling | sizşuwuldamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not rustling | alaşuwuldamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not rustling |
| Progressive — double negation | menşuwuldamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not rustling? | senşuwuldamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not rustling? | olşuwuldamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not rustling? | bizşuwuldamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not rustling? | sizşuwuldamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not rustling? | alaşuwuldamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not rustling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menşuwuldağan bolmazmaI can't have rustled | senşuwuldağan bolmazsayou can't have rustled | olşuwuldağan bolmazhe can't have rustled | bizşuwuldağan bolmazbızwe can't have rustled | sizşuwuldağan bolmazsızyou all can't have rustled | alaşuwuldağan bolmazlathey can't have rustled |
| Inference — double negation | menşuwuldamağan bolmazmaI must have rustled (emphatic) | senşuwuldamağan bolmazsayou must have rustled (emphatic) | olşuwuldamağan bolmazhe must have rustled (emphatic) | bizşuwuldamağan bolmazbızwe must have rustled (emphatic) | sizşuwuldamağan bolmazsızyou all must have rustled (emphatic) | alaşuwuldamağan bolmazlathey must have rustled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menşuwuldağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had rustled | senşuwuldağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had rustled | olşuwuldağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had rustled | bizşuwuldağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had rustled | sizşuwuldağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had rustled | alaşuwuldağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had rustled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menşuwuldamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't rustled | senşuwuldamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't rustled | olşuwuldamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't rustled | bizşuwuldamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't rustled | sizşuwuldamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't rustled | alaşuwuldamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't rustled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menşuwuldarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to rustle | senşuwuldarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to rustle | olşuwuldarıq bolmazhe can't be going to rustle | bizşuwuldarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to rustle | sizşuwuldarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to rustle | alaşuwuldarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to rustle |
| Inference, future — double negation | menşuwuldamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to rustle (emphatic) | senşuwuldamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to rustle (emphatic) | olşuwuldamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to rustle (emphatic) | bizşuwuldamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to rustle (emphatic) | sizşuwuldamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to rustle (emphatic) | alaşuwuldamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to rustle (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menşuwuldarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to rustle | senşuwuldarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to rustle | olşuwuldarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to rustle | bizşuwuldarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to rustle | sizşuwuldarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to rustle | alaşuwuldarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to rustle |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menşuwuldamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to rustle | senşuwuldamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to rustle | olşuwuldamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to rustle | bizşuwuldamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to rustle | sizşuwuldamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to rustle | alaşuwuldamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to rustle |