üşürge
/yʃyrɡe/
1. freeze, feel very cold, be chilled through
- üşüdüm-buzladım — I am chilled to the bone
- ayazda üşüdük — we got chilled in the frost
- bügün biz bek üşüdük — today we got very cold
- qışda ayaqlarım üşüydüle — in winter my feet get cold
- üşüb qalırğa — to get badly chilled
2. get frostbitten
- anı qulağı üşügen edi — their ear had got frostbitten
3. freeze, die from frost — Said of crops, plants and trees.
- gardoş üşügendi — the potatoes have frozen
- köget terekle üşüb qalğandıla — the fruit trees have died from frost
- almala üşüdüle — the apples froze
- köget terekle üşüy tebregendile — the fruit trees have begun to freeze
- bu qış çügündür üşüdü — this winter the beets froze
Expressions
- jüregi üşürge — despair of life
Conjugation
Common forms
- üşüydühe is freezing
- üşüdühe froze
- üşügendihe has frozen
- üşürhe will freeze
- üşürükdühe is going to freeze
- üşüy edihe was freezing
- üşüseif he freezes
- üşü!freeze!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menüşüymeI am freezing | senüşüyseyou are freezing | olüşüydühe is freezing | bizüşüybüzwe are freezing | sizüşüysüzyou all are freezing | alaüşüydülethey are freezing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menüşümeymeI am not freezing | senüşümeyseyou are not freezing | olüşümeydihe is not freezing | bizüşümeybizwe are not freezing | sizüşümeysizyou all are not freezing | alaüşümeydilethey are not freezing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menüşüymemi? üşüymüme?am I freezing? | senüşüymüse?are you freezing? | olüşüymüdü?is he freezing? | bizüşüybüzmü? üşüymübüz?are we freezing? | sizüşüymüsüz?are you all freezing? | alaüşüymüdüle?are they freezing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menüşümeymemi? üşümeymime?aren't I freezing? | senüşümeymise?aren't you freezing? | olüşümeymidi?isn't he freezing? | bizüşümeybizmi? üşümeymibiz?aren't we freezing? | sizüşümeymisiz?aren't you all freezing? | alaüşümeymidile?aren't they freezing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menüşüwçenmeI usually freeze | senüşüwçenseyou usually freeze | olüşüwçendihe usually freezes | bizüşüwçenbizwe usually freeze | sizüşüwçensizyou all usually freeze | alaüşüwçendilethey usually freeze |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menüşümewçenmeI usually don't freeze | senüşümewçenseyou usually don't freeze | olüşümewçendihe usually doesn't freeze | bizüşümewçenbizwe usually don't freeze | sizüşümewçensizyou all usually don't freeze | alaüşümewçendilethey usually don't freeze |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menüşüwçenmemi? üşüwçenmime?do I usually freeze? | senüşüwçenmise?do you usually freeze? | olüşüwçenmidi?does he usually freeze? | bizüşüwçenbizmi? üşüwçenmibiz?do we usually freeze? | sizüşüwçenmisiz?do you all usually freeze? | alaüşüwçenmidile?do they usually freeze? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menüşümewçenmemi? üşümewçenmime?do I usually not freeze? | senüşümewçenmise?do you usually not freeze? | olüşümewçenmidi?does he usually not freeze? | bizüşümewçenbizmi? üşümewçenmibiz?do we usually not freeze? | sizüşümewçenmisiz?do you all usually not freeze? | alaüşümewçenmidile?do they usually not freeze? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olüşübdühe has frozen and remains so | alaüşübdülethey have frozen and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olüşübmüdü?has he frozen? | alaüşübmüdüle?have they frozen? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menüşüb turamaI keep freezing | senüşüb turasayou keep freezing | olüşüb turadıhe keeps freezing | bizüşüb turabızwe keep freezing | sizüşüb turasızyou all keep freezing | alaüşüb turadılathey keep freezing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menüşüb turmaymaI don't keep freezing | senüşüb turmaysayou don't keep freezing | olüşüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep freezing | bizüşüb turmaybızwe don't keep freezing | sizüşüb turmaysızyou all don't keep freezing | alaüşüb turmaydılathey don't keep freezing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menüşüb turamamı? üşüb turamıma?do I keep freezing? | senüşüb turamısa?do you keep freezing? | olüşüb turamıdı?does he keep freezing? | bizüşüb turabızmı? üşüb turamıbız?do we keep freezing? | sizüşüb turamısız?do you all keep freezing? | alaüşüb turamıdıla?do they keep freezing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menüşüb turmaymamı? üşüb turmaymıma?don't I keep freezing? | senüşüb turmaymısa?don't you keep freezing? | olüşüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep freezing? | bizüşüb turmaybızmı? üşüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep freezing? | sizüşüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep freezing? | alaüşüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep freezing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menüşüy turamaI am in the middle of freezing | senüşüy turasayou are in the middle of freezing | olüşüy turadıhe is in the middle of freezing | bizüşüy turabızwe are in the middle of freezing | sizüşüy turasızyou all are in the middle of freezing | alaüşüy turadılathey are in the middle of freezing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menüşüy turmaymaI am not in the middle of freezing | senüşüy turmaysayou are not in the middle of freezing | olüşüy turmaydıhe is not in the middle of freezing | bizüşüy turmaybızwe are not in the middle of freezing | sizüşüy turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of freezing | alaüşüy turmaydılathey are not in the middle of freezing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menüşüy turamamı? üşüy turamıma?am I in the middle of freezing? | senüşüy turamısa?are you in the middle of freezing? | olüşüy turamıdı?is he in the middle of freezing? | bizüşüy turabızmı? üşüy turamıbız?are we in the middle of freezing? | sizüşüy turamısız?are you all in the middle of freezing? | alaüşüy turamıdıla?are they in the middle of freezing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menüşüy turmaymamı? üşüy turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of freezing? | senüşüy turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of freezing? | olüşüy turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of freezing? | bizüşüy turmaybızmı? üşüy turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of freezing? | sizüşüy turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of freezing? | alaüşüy turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of freezing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menüşüdümI froze | senüşüdüŋyou froze | olüşüdühe froze | bizüşüdükwe froze | sizüşüdügüzyou all froze | alaüşüdülethey froze |
| Simple past (definite) | menüşümedimI didn't freeze | senüşümediŋyou didn't freeze | olüşümedihe didn't freeze | bizüşümedikwe didn't freeze | sizüşümedigizyou all didn't freeze | alaüşümedilethey didn't freeze |
| Simple past (definite) | menüşüdümmü?did I freeze? | senüşüdüŋmü?did you freeze? | olüşüdümü?did he freeze? | bizüşüdükmü?did we freeze? | sizüşüdügüzmü?did you all freeze? | alaüşüdülemi?did they freeze? |
| Simple past (definite) | menüşümedimmi?didn't I freeze? | senüşümediŋmi?didn't you freeze? | olüşümedimi?didn't he freeze? | bizüşümedikmi?didn't we freeze? | sizüşümedigizmi?didn't you all freeze? | alaüşümedilemi?didn't they freeze? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menüşügenmeI have frozen | senüşügenseyou have frozen | olüşügendihe has frozen | bizüşügenbizwe have frozen | sizüşügensizyou all have frozen | alaüşügendilethey have frozen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menüşümegenmeI haven't frozen | senüşümegenseyou haven't frozen | olüşümegendihe hasn't frozen | bizüşümegenbizwe haven't frozen | sizüşümegensizyou all haven't frozen | alaüşümegendilethey haven't frozen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menüşügenmemi? üşügenmime?have I frozen? | senüşügenmise?have you frozen? | olüşügenmidi?has he frozen? | bizüşügenbizmi? üşügenmibiz?have we frozen? | sizüşügenmisiz?have you all frozen? | alaüşügenmidile?have they frozen? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menüşümegenmemi? üşümegenmime?haven't I frozen? | senüşümegenmise?haven't you frozen? | olüşümegenmidi?hasn't he frozen? | bizüşümegenbizmi? üşümegenmibiz?haven't we frozen? | sizüşümegenmisiz?haven't you all frozen? | alaüşümegenmidile?haven't they frozen? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menüşüb turdumI kept freezing | senüşüb turduŋyou kept freezing | olüşüb turduhe kept freezing | bizüşüb turduqwe kept freezing | sizüşüb turduğuzyou all kept freezing | alaüşüb turdulathey kept freezing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menüşüb turmadımI didn't keep freezing | senüşüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep freezing | olüşüb turmadıhe didn't keep freezing | bizüşüb turmadıqwe didn't keep freezing | sizüşüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep freezing | alaüşüb turmadılathey didn't keep freezing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menüşürmeI will freeze | senüşürseyou will freeze | olüşürhe will freeze | bizüşürbüzwe will freeze | sizüşürsüzyou all will freeze | alaüşürlethey will freeze |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menüşümezmeI won't freeze | senüşümezseyou won't freeze | olüşümezhe won't freeze | bizüşümezbizwe won't freeze | sizüşümezsizyou all won't freeze | alaüşümezlethey won't freeze |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menüşürmemi? üşürmüme?will I freeze? | senüşürmüse?will you freeze? | olüşürmü?will he freeze? | bizüşürbüzmü? üşürmübüz?will we freeze? | sizüşürmüsüz?will you all freeze? | alaüşürlemi? üşürmüle?will they freeze? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menüşümezmemi? üşümezmime?won't I freeze? | senüşümezmise?won't you freeze? | olüşümezmi?won't he freeze? | bizüşümezbizmi? üşümezmibiz?won't we freeze? | sizüşümezmisiz?won't you all freeze? | alaüşümezlemi? üşümezmile?won't they freeze? |
| Definite future (future II) | menüşürükmeI am going to freeze | senüşürükseyou are going to freeze | olüşürükdühe is going to freeze | bizüşürükbüzwe are going to freeze | sizüşürüksüzyou all are going to freeze | alaüşürükdülethey are going to freeze |
| Definite future (future II) | menüşürük tülmeI am not going to freeze | senüşürük tülseyou are not going to freeze | olüşürük tüldühe is not going to freeze | bizüşürük tülbüzwe are not going to freeze | sizüşürük tülsüzyou all are not going to freeze | alaüşürük tüldülethey are not going to freeze |
| Definite future (future II) | menüşürükmemi? üşürükmüme?am I going to freeze? | senüşürükmüse?are you going to freeze? | olüşürükmüdü?is he going to freeze? | bizüşürükbüzmü? üşürükmübüz?are we going to freeze? | sizüşürükmüsüz?are you all going to freeze? | alaüşürükmüdüle?are they going to freeze? |
| Definite future (future II) | menüşürük tülmüme?aren't I going to freeze? | senüşürük tülmüse?aren't you going to freeze? | olüşürük tülmüdü?isn't he going to freeze? | bizüşürük tülmübüz?aren't we going to freeze? | sizüşürük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to freeze? | alaüşürük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to freeze? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menüşügen edimüşügenemI had frozen | senüşügen ediŋüşügeneŋyou had frozen | olüşügen ediüşügenedhe had frozen | bizüşügen ediküşügenekwe had frozen | sizüşügen edigizüşügenegizyou all had frozen | alaüşügen edileüşügenellethey had frozen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menüşümegen edimüşümegenemI hadn't frozen | senüşümegen ediŋüşümegeneŋyou hadn't frozen | olüşümegen ediüşümegenedhe hadn't frozen | bizüşümegen ediküşümegenekwe hadn't frozen | sizüşümegen edigizüşümegenegizyou all hadn't frozen | alaüşümegen edileüşümegenellethey hadn't frozen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menüşüy edimüşüyemI was freezing | senüşüy ediŋüşüyeŋyou were freezing | olüşüy ediüşüyedhe was freezing | bizüşüy ediküşüyekwe were freezing | sizüşüy edigizüşüyegizyou all were freezing | alaüşüy edileüşüyellethey were freezing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menüşümey edimüşümeyemI wasn't freezing | senüşümey ediŋüşümeyeŋyou weren't freezing | olüşümey ediüşümeyedhe wasn't freezing | bizüşümey ediküşümeyekwe weren't freezing | sizüşümey edigizüşümeyegizyou all weren't freezing | alaüşümey edileüşümeyellethey weren't freezing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menüşüwçen edimüşüwçenemI used to freeze | senüşüwçen ediŋüşüwçeneŋyou used to freeze | olüşüwçen ediüşüwçenedhe used to freeze | bizüşüwçen ediküşüwçenekwe used to freeze | sizüşüwçen edigizüşüwçenegizyou all used to freeze | alaüşüwçen edileüşüwçenellethey used to freeze |
| Habitual past (used to) | menüşümewçen edimüşümewçenemI didn't use to freeze | senüşümewçen ediŋüşümewçeneŋyou didn't use to freeze | olüşümewçen ediüşümewçenedhe didn't use to freeze | bizüşümewçen ediküşümewçenekwe didn't use to freeze | sizüşümewçen edigizüşümewçenegizyou all didn't use to freeze | alaüşümewçen edileüşümewçenellethey didn't use to freeze |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olüşüb edihe had frozen and remained so | alaüşüb edilethey had frozen and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olüşüb tül edihe hadn't frozen | alaüşüb tül edilethey hadn't frozen | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menüşüb tura edimüşüb turaemI had kept freezing | senüşüb tura ediŋüşüb turaeŋyou had kept freezing | olüşüb tura ediüşüb turaedhe had kept freezing | bizüşüb tura ediküşüb turaekwe had kept freezing | sizüşüb tura edigizüşüb turaegizyou all had kept freezing | alaüşüb tura edileüşüb turaellethey had kept freezing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menüşüb turmay edimüşüb turmayemI hadn't kept freezing | senüşüb turmay ediŋüşüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept freezing | olüşüb turmay ediüşüb turmayedhe hadn't kept freezing | bizüşüb turmay ediküşüb turmayekwe hadn't kept freezing | sizüşüb turmay edigizüşüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept freezing | alaüşüb turmay edileüşüb turmayellethey hadn't kept freezing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menüşüy tura edimüşüy turaemI was in the middle of freezing | senüşüy tura ediŋüşüy turaeŋyou were in the middle of freezing | olüşüy tura ediüşüy turaedhe was in the middle of freezing | bizüşüy tura ediküşüy turaekwe were in the middle of freezing | sizüşüy tura edigizüşüy turaegizyou all were in the middle of freezing | alaüşüy tura edileüşüy turaellethey were in the middle of freezing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menüşüy turmay edimüşüy turmayemI wasn't in the middle of freezing | senüşüy turmay ediŋüşüy turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of freezing | olüşüy turmay ediüşüy turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of freezing | bizüşüy turmay ediküşüy turmayekwe weren't in the middle of freezing | sizüşüy turmay edigizüşüy turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of freezing | alaüşüy turmay edileüşüy turmayellethey weren't in the middle of freezing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menüşür edimüşür emI would freeze | senüşür ediŋüşür eŋyou would freeze | olüşür ediüşür edhe would freeze | bizüşür ediküşür ekwe would freeze | sizüşür edigizüşür egizyou all would freeze | alaüşür edileüşür ellethey would freeze |
| Conditional result (would) | menüşümez edimüşümez emI wouldn't freeze | senüşümez ediŋüşümez eŋyou wouldn't freeze | olüşümez ediüşümez edhe wouldn't freeze | bizüşümez ediküşümez ekwe wouldn't freeze | sizüşümez edigizüşümez egizyou all wouldn't freeze | alaüşümez edileüşümez ellethey wouldn't freeze |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menüşürük edimüşürük emI would have frozen | senüşürük ediŋüşürük eŋyou would have frozen | olüşürük ediüşürük edhe would have frozen | bizüşürük ediküşürük ekwe would have frozen | sizüşürük edigizüşürük egizyou all would have frozen | alaüşürük edileüşürük ellethey would have frozen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menüşürük tül edimüşürük tül emI wouldn't have frozen | senüşürük tül ediŋüşürük tül eŋyou wouldn't have frozen | olüşürük tül ediüşürük tül edhe wouldn't have frozen | bizüşürük tül ediküşürük tül ekwe wouldn't have frozen | sizüşürük tül edigizüşürük tül egizyou all wouldn't have frozen | alaüşürük tül edileüşürük tül ellethey wouldn't have frozen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menüşüsemif I freeze | senüşüseŋif you freeze | olüşüseif he freezes | bizüşüsekif we freeze | sizüşüsegizif you all freeze | alaüşüseleif they freeze |
| Conditional | menüşümesemif I don't freeze | senüşümeseŋif you don't freeze | olüşümeseif he doesn't freeze | bizüşümesekif we don't freeze | sizüşümesegizif you all don't freeze | alaüşümeseleif they don't freeze |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menüşüy esemif I am freezing | senüşüy eseŋif you are freezing | olüşüy eseif he is freezing | bizüşüy esekif we are freezing | sizüşüy esegizif you all are freezing | alaüşüy eseleif they are freezing |
| Conditional, present real | menüşümey esemif I am not freezing | senüşümey eseŋif you are not freezing | olüşümey eseif he is not freezing | bizüşümey esekif we are not freezing | sizüşümey esegizif you all are not freezing | alaüşümey eseleif they are not freezing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menüşüsem ediüşüsem edif only I froze | senüşüseŋ ediüşüseŋ edif only you froze | olüşüse ediüşüsedif only he froze | bizüşüsek ediüşüsek edif only we froze | sizüşüsegiz ediüşüsegiz edif only you all froze | alaüşüsele ediüşüseledif only they froze |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menüşümesem ediüşümesem edif only I didn't freeze | senüşümeseŋ ediüşümeseŋ edif only you didn't freeze | olüşümese ediüşümesedif only he didn't freeze | bizüşümesek ediüşümesek edif only we didn't freeze | sizüşümesegiz ediüşümesegiz edif only you all didn't freeze | alaüşümesele ediüşümeseledif only they didn't freeze |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menüşüb tursamif I carry on freezing | senüşüb tursaŋif you carry on freezing | olüşüb tursaif he carries on freezing | bizüşüb tursaqif we carry on freezing | sizüşüb tursağızif you all carry on freezing | alaüşüb tursalaif they carry on freezing |
| Durative conditional | menüşüb turmasamif I don't carry on freezing | senüşüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on freezing | olüşüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on freezing | bizüşüb turmasaqif we don't carry on freezing | sizüşüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on freezing | alaüşüb turmasalaif they don't carry on freezing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menüşüb tura esemif I have kept freezing | senüşüb tura eseŋif you have kept freezing | olüşüb tura eseif he has kept freezing | bizüşüb tura esekif we have kept freezing | sizüşüb tura esegizif you all have kept freezing | alaüşüb tura eseleif they have kept freezing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menüşüb turmay esemif I haven't kept freezing | senüşüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept freezing | olüşüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept freezing | bizüşüb turmay esekif we haven't kept freezing | sizüşüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept freezing | alaüşüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept freezing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menüşüy tursamif I keep freezing | senüşüy tursaŋif you keep freezing | olüşüy tursaif he keeps freezing | bizüşüy tursaqif we keep freezing | sizüşüy tursağızif you all keep freezing | alaüşüy tursalaif they keep freezing |
| Progressive conditional | menüşümey tursamif I keep on not freezing | senüşümey tursaŋif you keep on not freezing | olüşümey tursaif he keeps on not freezing | bizüşümey tursaqif we keep on not freezing | sizüşümey tursağızif you all keep on not freezing | alaüşümey tursalaif they keep on not freezing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menüşüy tura esemif I am in the middle of freezing | senüşüy tura eseŋif you are in the middle of freezing | olüşüy tura eseif he is in the middle of freezing | bizüşüy tura esekif we are in the middle of freezing | sizüşüy tura esegizif you all are in the middle of freezing | alaüşüy tura eseleif they are in the middle of freezing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menüşümey tura esemif I keep on not freezing | senüşümey tura eseŋif you keep on not freezing | olüşümey tura eseif he keeps on not freezing | bizüşümey tura esekif we keep on not freezing | sizüşümey tura esegizif you all keep on not freezing | alaüşümey tura eseleif they keep on not freezing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menüşüdüm esemif I froze | senüşüdüŋ eseŋif you froze | olüşüdü eseif he froze | bizüşüdük esekif we froze | sizüşüdügüz esegizif you all froze | alaüşüdüle eseleif they froze |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menüşümedim esemif I didn't freeze | senüşümediŋ eseŋif you didn't freeze | olüşümedi eseif he didn't freeze | bizüşümedik esekif we didn't freeze | sizüşümedigiz esegizif you all didn't freeze | alaüşümedile eseleif they didn't freeze |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menüşügen esemif I did freeze (indeed) | senüşügen eseŋif you did freeze (indeed) | olüşügen eseif he did freeze (indeed) | bizüşügen esekif we did freeze (indeed) | sizüşügen esegizif you all did freeze (indeed) | alaüşügen eseleif they did freeze (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menüşümegen esemif I didn't freeze (indeed) | senüşümegen eseŋif you didn't freeze (indeed) | olüşümegen eseif he didn't freeze (indeed) | bizüşümegen esekif we didn't freeze (indeed) | sizüşümegen esegizif you all didn't freeze (indeed) | alaüşümegen eseleif they didn't freeze (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menüşügen bolsamif I had frozen | senüşügen bolsaŋif you had frozen | olüşügen bolsaif he had frozen | bizüşügen bolsaqif we had frozen | sizüşügen bolsağızif you all had frozen | alaüşügen bolsalaif they had frozen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menüşümegen bolsamif I hadn't frozen | senüşümegen bolsaŋif you hadn't frozen | olüşümegen bolsaif he hadn't frozen | bizüşümegen bolsaqif we hadn't frozen | sizüşümegen bolsağızif you all hadn't frozen | alaüşümegen bolsalaif they hadn't frozen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menüşügen bolsam ediüşügen bolsam edif only I had frozen | senüşügen bolsaŋ ediüşügen bolsaŋ edif only you had frozen | olüşügen bolsa ediüşügen bolsaedif only he had frozen | bizüşügen bolsaq ediüşügen bolsaq edif only we had frozen | sizüşügen bolsağız ediüşügen bolsağız edif only you all had frozen | alaüşügen bolsala ediüşügen bolsalaedif only they had frozen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menüşümegen bolsam ediüşümegen bolsam edif only I hadn't frozen | senüşümegen bolsaŋ ediüşümegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't frozen | olüşümegen bolsa ediüşümegen bolsaedif only he hadn't frozen | bizüşümegen bolsaq ediüşümegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't frozen | sizüşümegen bolsağız ediüşümegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't frozen | alaüşümegen bolsala ediüşümegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't frozen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menüşür esemif I will freeze | senüşür eseŋif you will freeze | olüşür eseif he will freeze | bizüşür esekif we will freeze | sizüşür esegizif you all will freeze | alaüşür eseleif they will freeze |
| Conditional, aorist | menüşümez esemif I won't freeze | senüşümez eseŋif you won't freeze | olüşümez eseif he won't freeze | bizüşümez esekif we won't freeze | sizüşümez esegizif you all won't freeze | alaüşümez eseleif they won't freeze |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menüşürük esemif I am going to freeze | senüşürük eseŋif you are going to freeze | olüşürük eseif he is going to freeze | bizüşürük esekif we are going to freeze | sizüşürük esegizif you all are going to freeze | alaüşürük eseleif they are going to freeze |
| Conditional, future | menüşürük tül esemif I am not going to freeze | senüşürük tül eseŋif you are not going to freeze | olüşürük tül eseif he is not going to freeze | bizüşürük tül esekif we are not going to freeze | sizüşürük tül esegizif you all are not going to freeze | alaüşürük tül eseleif they are not going to freeze |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menüşürük bolsamif I were going to freeze | senüşürük bolsaŋif you were going to freeze | olüşürük bolsaif he were going to freeze | bizüşürük bolsaqif we were going to freeze | sizüşürük bolsağızif you all were going to freeze | alaüşürük bolsalaif they were going to freeze |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menüşümezlik bolsamif I were not going to freeze | senüşümezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to freeze | olüşümezlik bolsaif he were not going to freeze | bizüşümezlik bolsaqif we were not going to freeze | sizüşümezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to freeze | alaüşümezlik bolsalaif they were not going to freeze |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso üşüdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menüşüy bolurmaI must be freezing | senüşüy bolursayou must be freezing | olüşüy bolurhe must be freezing | bizüşüy bolurbuzwe must be freezing | sizüşüy bolursuzyou all must be freezing | alaüşüy bolurlathey must be freezing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menüşümey bolurmaI must not be freezing | senüşümey bolursayou must not be freezing | olüşümey bolurhe must not be freezing | bizüşümey bolurbuzwe must not be freezing | sizüşümey bolursuzyou all must not be freezing | alaüşümey bolurlathey must not be freezing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menüşüy tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of freezing | senüşüy tura bolursayou must be in the middle of freezing | olüşüy tura bolurhe must be in the middle of freezing | bizüşüy tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of freezing | sizüşüy tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of freezing | alaüşüy tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of freezing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menüşümey tura bolurmaI must keep on not freezing | senüşümey tura bolursayou must keep on not freezing | olüşümey tura bolurhe must keep on not freezing | bizüşümey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not freezing | sizüşümey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not freezing | alaüşümey tura bolurlathey must keep on not freezing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menüşügen bolurmaI must have frozen | senüşügen bolursayou must have frozen | olüşügen bolurhe must have frozen | bizüşügen bolurbuzwe must have frozen | sizüşügen bolursuzyou all must have frozen | alaüşügen bolurlathey must have frozen |
| Inference (must have) | menüşümegen bolurmaI must not have frozen | senüşümegen bolursayou must not have frozen | olüşümegen bolurhe must not have frozen | bizüşümegen bolurbuzwe must not have frozen | sizüşümegen bolursuzyou all must not have frozen | alaüşümegen bolurlathey must not have frozen |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menüşürük bolurmaI must be going to freeze | senüşürük bolursayou must be going to freeze | olüşürük bolurhe must be going to freeze | bizüşürük bolurbuzwe must be going to freeze | sizüşürük bolursuzyou all must be going to freeze | alaüşürük bolurlathey must be going to freeze |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menüşümezlik bolurmaI must not be going to freeze | senüşümezlik bolursayou must not be going to freeze | olüşümezlik bolurhe must not be going to freeze | bizüşümezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to freeze | sizüşümezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to freeze | alaüşümezlik bolurlathey must not be going to freeze |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menüşüyümlet me freeze | senüşü!freeze! | olüşüsünlet him freeze | bizüşüyüklet's freeze | sizüşügüz!freeze, you all! | alaüşüsünlelet them freeze |
| Commands & suggestions | menüşümeyimlet me not freeze | senüşüme!don't freeze! | olüşümesinlet him not freeze | bizüşümeyiklet's not freeze | sizüşümegiz!don't freeze, you all! | alaüşümesinlelet them not freeze |
| Commands & suggestions | menüşüyümmü?shall I freeze? | olüşüsünmü?should he freeze? | bizüşüyükmü?shall we freeze? | alaüşüsünlemi?should they freeze? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menüşümeyimmi?shall I not freeze? | olüşümesinmi?should he not freeze? | bizüşümeyikmi?shall we not freeze? | alaüşümesinlemi?should they not freeze? | ||
| Requests | senüşüçü2üşüçünplease freeze | olüşüsünçüdo let him freeze | sizüşüçügüzplease freeze (plural/polite) | alaüşüsünleçido let them freeze | ||
| Requests | senüşümeçi2üşümeçinplease don't freeze | olüşümesinçido let him not freeze | sizüşümeçigizplease don't freeze (plural/polite) | alaüşümesinleçido let them not freeze | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senüşügünüşügümay you freeze | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senüşümeginüşümegimay you not freeze | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menüşügey edim üşüge edimwould that I froze | senüşügey ediŋ üşüge ediŋwould that you froze | olüşügey edi üşüge ediwould that he froze | bizüşügey edik üşüge edikwould that we froze | sizüşügey edigiz üşüge edigizwould that you all froze | alaüşügey edile üşüge edilewould that they froze |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menüşümegey edim üşümege edimwould that I did not freeze | senüşümegey ediŋ üşümege ediŋwould that you did not freeze | olüşümegey edi üşümege ediwould that he did not freeze | bizüşümegey edik üşümege edikwould that we did not freeze | sizüşümegey edigiz üşümege edigizwould that you all did not freeze | alaüşümegey edile üşümege edilewould that they did not freeze |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menüşümege qoyayımüşüme qoyayımlet me allow someone to freeze | senüşümege qoy!üşüme qoy!let someone freeze! | olüşümege qoysunüşüme qoysunlet him allow someone to freeze | bizüşümege qoyayıqüşüme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to freeze | sizüşümege qoyuğuz!üşüme qoyuğuz!let someone freeze, you all! | alaüşümege qoysunlaüşüme qoysunlalet them allow someone to freeze |
| Let someone… (commands) | menüşümege qoymayımüşüme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to freeze | senüşümege qoyma!üşüme qoyma!don't let someone freeze! | olüşümege qoymasınüşüme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to freeze | bizüşümege qoymayıqüşüme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to freeze | sizüşümege qoymağız!üşüme qoymağız!don't let someone freeze, you all! | alaüşümege qoymasınlaüşüme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to freeze |
| Let someone… (commands) | menüşümege qoyayımmı?üşüme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to freeze? | olüşümege qoysunmu?üşüme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to freeze? | bizüşümege qoyayıqmı?üşüme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to freeze? | alaüşümege qoysunlamı?üşüme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to freeze? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menüşümege qoymayımmı?üşüme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to freeze? | olüşümege qoymasınmı?üşüme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to freeze? | bizüşümege qoymayıqmı?üşüme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to freeze? | alaüşümege qoymasınlamı?üşüme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to freeze? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menüşümege qoyamaüşüme qoyamaI allow someone to freeze | senüşümege qoyasaüşüme qoyasayou allow someone to freeze | olüşümege qoyadıüşüme qoyadıhe allows someone to freeze | bizüşümege qoyabızüşüme qoyabızwe allow someone to freeze | sizüşümege qoyasızüşüme qoyasızyou all allow someone to freeze | alaüşümege qoyadılaüşüme qoyadılathey allow someone to freeze |
| Let someone… (present) | menüşümege qoymaymaüşüme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to freeze | senüşümege qoymaysaüşüme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to freeze | olüşümege qoymaydıüşüme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to freeze | bizüşümege qoymaybızüşüme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to freeze | sizüşümege qoymaysızüşüme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to freeze | alaüşümege qoymaydılaüşüme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to freeze |
| Let someone… (present) | menüşümege qoyamamı?üşüme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to freeze? | senüşümege qoyamısa?üşüme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to freeze? | olüşümege qoyamıdı?üşüme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to freeze? | bizüşümege qoyabızmı?üşüme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to freeze? | sizüşümege qoyamısız?üşüme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to freeze? | alaüşümege qoyamıdıla?üşüme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to freeze? |
| Let someone… (present) | menüşümege qoymaymamı?üşüme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to freeze? | senüşümege qoymaymısa?üşüme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to freeze? | olüşümege qoymaymıdı?üşüme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to freeze? | bizüşümege qoymaybızmı?üşüme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to freeze? | sizüşümege qoymaymısız?üşüme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to freeze? | alaüşümege qoymaymıdıla?üşüme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to freeze? |
| Let someone… (past) | menüşümege qoydumüşüme qoydumI allowed someone to freeze | senüşümege qoyduŋüşüme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to freeze | olüşümege qoyduüşüme qoyduhe allowed someone to freeze | bizüşümege qoyduqüşüme qoyduqwe allowed someone to freeze | sizüşümege qoyduğuzüşüme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to freeze | alaüşümege qoydulaüşüme qoydulathey allowed someone to freeze |
| Let someone… (past) | menüşümege qoymadımüşüme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to freeze | senüşümege qoymadıŋüşüme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to freeze | olüşümege qoymadıüşüme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to freeze | bizüşümege qoymadıqüşüme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to freeze | sizüşümege qoymadığızüşüme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to freeze | alaüşümege qoymadılaüşüme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to freeze |
| Let someone… (past) | menüşümege qoydummu?üşüme qoydummu?did I allow someone to freeze? | senüşümege qoyduŋmu?üşüme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to freeze? | olüşümege qoydumu?üşüme qoydumu?did he allow someone to freeze? | bizüşümege qoyduqmu?üşüme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to freeze? | sizüşümege qoyduğuzmu?üşüme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to freeze? | alaüşümege qoydulamı?üşüme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to freeze? |
| Let someone… (past) | menüşümege qoymadımmı?üşüme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to freeze? | senüşümege qoymadıŋmı?üşüme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to freeze? | olüşümege qoymadımı?üşüme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to freeze? | bizüşümege qoymadıqmı?üşüme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to freeze? | sizüşümege qoymadığızmı?üşüme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to freeze? | alaüşümege qoymadılamı?üşüme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to freeze? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menüşüyalamaI can freeze | senüşüyalasayou can freeze | olüşüyaladıhe can freeze | bizüşüyalabızwe can freeze | sizüşüyalasızyou all can freeze | alaüşüyaladılathey can freeze |
| Ability — present | menüşüyalmaymaI can't freeze | senüşüyalmaysayou can't freeze | olüşüyalmaydıhe can't freeze | bizüşüyalmaybızwe can't freeze | sizüşüyalmaysızyou all can't freeze | alaüşüyalmaydılathey can't freeze |
| Ability — present | menüşüyalamamı? üşüyalamıma?can I freeze? | senüşüyalamısa?can you freeze? | olüşüyalamıdı?can he freeze? | bizüşüyalabızmı? üşüyalamıbız?can we freeze? | sizüşüyalamısız?can you all freeze? | alaüşüyalamıdıla?can they freeze? |
| Ability — present | menüşüyalmaymamı? üşüyalmaymıma?can't I freeze? | senüşüyalmaymısa?can't you freeze? | olüşüyalmaymıdı?can't he freeze? | bizüşüyalmaybızmı? üşüyalmaymıbız?can't we freeze? | sizüşüyalmaymısız?can't you all freeze? | alaüşüyalmaymıdıla?can't they freeze? |
| Ability — if I can… | menüşüyalsamif I can freeze | senüşüyalsaŋif you can freeze | olüşüyalsaif he can freeze | bizüşüyalsaqif we can freeze | sizüşüyalsağızif you all can freeze | alaüşüyalsalaif they can freeze |
| Ability — if I can… | menüşüyalmasamif I can't freeze | senüşüyalmasaŋif you can't freeze | olüşüyalmasaif he can't freeze | bizüşüyalmasaqif we can't freeze | sizüşüyalmasağızif you all can't freeze | alaüşüyalmasalaif they can't freeze |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menüşüyaldımI was able to freeze | senüşüyaldıŋyou were able to freeze | olüşüyaldıhe was able to freeze | bizüşüyaldıqwe were able to freeze | sizüşüyaldığızyou all were able to freeze | alaüşüyaldılathey were able to freeze |
| Ability — simple past | menüşüyalmadımI could not freeze | senüşüyalmadıŋyou could not freeze | olüşüyalmadıhe could not freeze | bizüşüyalmadıqwe could not freeze | sizüşüyalmadığızyou all could not freeze | alaüşüyalmadılathey could not freeze |
| Ability — simple past | menüşüyaldımmı?was I able to freeze? | senüşüyaldıŋmı?were you able to freeze? | olüşüyaldımı?was he able to freeze? | bizüşüyaldıqmı?were we able to freeze? | sizüşüyaldığızmı?were you all able to freeze? | alaüşüyaldılamı?were they able to freeze? |
| Ability — simple past | menüşüyalmadımmı?couldn't I freeze? | senüşüyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you freeze? | olüşüyalmadımı?couldn't he freeze? | bizüşüyalmadıqmı?couldn't we freeze? | sizüşüyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all freeze? | alaüşüyalmadılamı?couldn't they freeze? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menüşüyalğanmaI have been able to freeze | senüşüyalğansayou have been able to freeze | olüşüyalğandıhe has been able to freeze | bizüşüyalğanbızwe have been able to freeze | sizüşüyalğansızyou all have been able to freeze | alaüşüyalğandılathey have been able to freeze |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menüşüyalmağanmaI haven't been able to freeze | senüşüyalmağansayou haven't been able to freeze | olüşüyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to freeze | bizüşüyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to freeze | sizüşüyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to freeze | alaüşüyalmağandılathey haven't been able to freeze |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menüşüyalğanmamı? üşüyalğanmıma?have I been able to freeze? | senüşüyalğanmısa?have you been able to freeze? | olüşüyalğanmıdı?has he been able to freeze? | bizüşüyalğanbızmı? üşüyalğanmıbız?have we been able to freeze? | sizüşüyalğanmısız?have you all been able to freeze? | alaüşüyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to freeze? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menüşüyalmağanmamı? üşüyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to freeze? | senüşüyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to freeze? | olüşüyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to freeze? | bizüşüyalmağanbızmı? üşüyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to freeze? | sizüşüyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to freeze? | alaüşüyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to freeze? |
| Ability — past perfect | menüşüyalğan edimüşüyalğanemI had been able to freeze | senüşüyalğan ediŋüşüyalğaneŋyou had been able to freeze | olüşüyalğan ediüşüyalğanedhe had been able to freeze | bizüşüyalğan ediküşüyalğanekwe had been able to freeze | sizüşüyalğan edigizüşüyalğanegizyou all had been able to freeze | alaüşüyalğan edileüşüyalğanellethey had been able to freeze |
| Ability — past perfect | menüşüyalmağan edimüşüyalmağanemI hadn't been able to freeze | senüşüyalmağan ediŋüşüyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to freeze | olüşüyalmağan ediüşüyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to freeze | bizüşüyalmağan ediküşüyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to freeze | sizüşüyalmağan edigizüşüyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to freeze | alaüşüyalmağan edileüşüyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to freeze |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menüşüyala edimüşüyalaemI could freeze | senüşüyala ediŋüşüyalaeŋyou could freeze | olüşüyala ediüşüyalaedhe could freeze | bizüşüyala ediküşüyalaekwe could freeze | sizüşüyala edigizüşüyalaegizyou all could freeze | alaüşüyala edileüşüyalaellethey could freeze |
| Ability — past background | menüşüyalmay edimüşüyalmayemI could not freeze | senüşüyalmay ediŋüşüyalmayeŋyou could not freeze | olüşüyalmay ediüşüyalmayedhe could not freeze | bizüşüyalmay ediküşüyalmayekwe could not freeze | sizüşüyalmay edigizüşüyalmayegizyou all could not freeze | alaüşüyalmay edileüşüyalmayellethey could not freeze |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menüşüyalırmaI will be able to freeze | senüşüyalırsayou will be able to freeze | olüşüyalırhe will be able to freeze | bizüşüyalırbızwe will be able to freeze | sizüşüyalırsızyou all will be able to freeze | alaüşüyalırlathey will be able to freeze |
| Ability — future I | menüşüyalmazmaI won't be able to freeze | senüşüyalmazsayou won't be able to freeze | olüşüyalmazhe won't be able to freeze | bizüşüyalmazbızwe won't be able to freeze | sizüşüyalmazsızyou all won't be able to freeze | alaüşüyalmazlathey won't be able to freeze |
| Ability — future I | menüşüyalırmamı? üşüyalırmıma?will I be able to freeze? | senüşüyalırmısa?will you be able to freeze? | olüşüyalırmı?will he be able to freeze? | bizüşüyalırbızmı? üşüyalırmıbız?will we be able to freeze? | sizüşüyalırmısız?will you all be able to freeze? | alaüşüyalırlamı? üşüyalırmıla?will they be able to freeze? |
| Ability — future I | menüşüyalmazmamı? üşüyalmazmıma?won't I be able to freeze? | senüşüyalmazmısa?won't you be able to freeze? | olüşüyalmazmı?won't he be able to freeze? | bizüşüyalmazbızmı? üşüyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to freeze? | sizüşüyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to freeze? | alaüşüyalmazlamı? üşüyalmazmıla?won't they be able to freeze? |
| Ability — future II | menüşüyallıqmaI am going to be able to freeze | senüşüyallıqsayou are going to be able to freeze | olüşüyallıqdıhe is going to be able to freeze | bizüşüyallıqbızwe are going to be able to freeze | sizüşüyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to freeze | alaüşüyallıqdılathey are going to be able to freeze |
| Ability — future II | menüşüyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to freeze | senüşüyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to freeze | olüşüyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to freeze | bizüşüyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to freeze | sizüşüyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to freeze | alaüşüyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to freeze |
| Ability — future II | menüşüyallıqmamı? üşüyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to freeze? | senüşüyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to freeze? | olüşüyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to freeze? | bizüşüyallıqbızmı? üşüyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to freeze? | sizüşüyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to freeze? | alaüşüyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to freeze? |
| Ability — future II | menüşüyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to freeze? | senüşüyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to freeze? | olüşüyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to freeze? | bizüşüyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to freeze? | sizüşüyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to freeze? | alaüşüyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to freeze? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menüşüyalır edimüşüyalır emI would be able to freeze | senüşüyalır ediŋüşüyalır eŋyou would be able to freeze | olüşüyalır ediüşüyalır edhe would be able to freeze | bizüşüyalır ediküşüyalır ekwe would be able to freeze | sizüşüyalır edigizüşüyalır egizyou all would be able to freeze | alaüşüyalır edileüşüyalır ellethey would be able to freeze |
| Ability — would be able to… | menüşüyalmaz edimüşüyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to freeze | senüşüyalmaz ediŋüşüyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to freeze | olüşüyalmaz ediüşüyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to freeze | bizüşüyalmaz ediküşüyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to freeze | sizüşüyalmaz edigizüşüyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to freeze | alaüşüyalmaz edileüşüyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to freeze |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senüşüyalğınüşüyalğımay you be able to freeze | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senüşüyalmağınüşüyalmağımay you not be able to freeze | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menüşürge izleymeI want to freeze | senüşürge izleyseyou want to freeze | olüşürge izleydihe wants to freeze | bizüşürge izleybizwe want to freeze | sizüşürge izleysizyou all want to freeze | alaüşürge izleydilethey want to freeze |
| want to | menüşürge izlemeymeI do not want to freeze | senüşürge izlemeyseyou do not want to freeze | olüşürge izlemeydihe does not want to freeze | bizüşürge izlemeybizwe do not want to freeze | sizüşürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to freeze | alaüşürge izlemeydilethey do not want to freeze |
| would like to | menüşürge süemeI would like to freeze | senüşürge süeseyou would like to freeze | olüşürge süedihe would like to freeze | bizüşürge süebizwe would like to freeze | sizüşürge süesizyou all would like to freeze | alaüşürge süedilethey would like to freeze |
| would like to | menüşürge süymeymeI would not like to freeze | senüşürge süymeyseyou would not like to freeze | olüşürge süymeydihe would not like to freeze | bizüşürge süymeybizwe would not like to freeze | sizüşürge süymeysizyou all would not like to freeze | alaüşürge süymeydilethey would not like to freeze |
| hope to | menüşürge umutlanamaI hope to freeze | senüşürge umutlanasayou hope to freeze | olüşürge umutlanadıhe hopes to freeze | bizüşürge umutlanabızwe hope to freeze | sizüşürge umutlanasızyou all hope to freeze | alaüşürge umutlanadılathey hope to freeze |
| hope to | menüşürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to freeze | senüşürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to freeze | olüşürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to freeze | bizüşürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to freeze | sizüşürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to freeze | alaüşürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to freeze |
| be about to | menüşürge deb turamaI am about to freeze | senüşürge deb turasayou are about to freeze | olüşürge deb turadıhe is about to freeze | bizüşürge deb turabızwe are about to freeze | sizüşürge deb turasızyou all are about to freeze | alaüşürge deb turadılathey are about to freeze |
| be about to | menüşürge deb turmaymaI am not about to freeze | senüşürge deb turmaysayou are not about to freeze | olüşürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to freeze | bizüşürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to freeze | sizüşürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to freeze | alaüşürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to freeze |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menüşürge kerekmeI need to freeze | senüşürge kerekseyou need to freeze | olüşürge kerekdihe needs to freeze | bizüşürge kerekbizwe need to freeze | sizüşürge kereksizyou all need to freeze | alaüşürge kerekdilethey need to freeze |
| need to | menüşürge kerek tülmeI do not need to freeze | senüşürge kerek tülseyou do not need to freeze | olüşürge kerek tüldühe does not need to freeze | bizüşürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to freeze | sizüşürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to freeze | alaüşürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to freeze |
| have to | menmenŋe üşürge tüşediI have to freeze | sensenŋe üşürge tüşediyou have to freeze | olaŋa üşürge tüşedihe has to freeze | bizbizge üşürge tüşediwe have to freeze | sizsizge üşürge tüşediyou all have to freeze | alaalağa üşürge tüşedithey have to freeze |
| have to | menmenŋe üşürge tüşmeydiI do not have to freeze | sensenŋe üşürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to freeze | olaŋa üşürge tüşmeydihe does not have to freeze | bizbizge üşürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to freeze | sizsizge üşürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to freeze | alaalağa üşürge tüşmeydithey do not have to freeze |
| be obliged to | menüşürge borçlumaI am obliged to freeze | senüşürge borçlusayou are obliged to freeze | olüşürge borçluduhe is obliged to freeze | bizüşürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to freeze | sizüşürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to freeze | alaüşürge borçludulathey are obliged to freeze |
| be obliged to | menüşürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to freeze | senüşürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to freeze | olüşürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to freeze | bizüşürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to freeze | sizüşürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to freeze | alaüşürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to freeze |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menüşürge madarım bardıI have a way to freeze | senüşürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to freeze | olüşürge madarı bardıhe has a way to freeze | bizüşürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to freeze | sizüşürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to freeze | alaüşürge madarları bardıthey have a way to freeze |
| have a way to | menüşürge madarım joqduI have no way to freeze | senüşürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to freeze | olüşürge madarı joqduhe has no way to freeze | bizüşürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to freeze | sizüşürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to freeze | alaüşürge madarları joqduthey have no way to freeze |
| be free to | menüşürge erkinligim bardıI am free to freeze | senüşürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to freeze | olüşürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to freeze | bizüşürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to freeze | sizüşürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to freeze | alaüşürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to freeze |
| be free to | menüşürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to freeze | senüşürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to freeze | olüşürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to freeze | bizüşürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to freeze | sizüşürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to freeze | alaüşürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to freeze |
| be possible to | menmenŋe üşürge bolluqduit is possible for me to freeze | sensenŋe üşürge bolluqduit is possible for you to freeze | olaŋa üşürge bolluqduit is possible for him to freeze | bizbizge üşürge bolluqduit is possible for us to freeze | sizsizge üşürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to freeze | alaalağa üşürge bolluqduit is possible for them to freeze |
| be possible to | menmenŋe üşürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to freeze | sensenŋe üşürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to freeze | olaŋa üşürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to freeze | bizbizge üşürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to freeze | sizsizge üşürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to freeze | alaalağa üşürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to freeze |
| be ready to | menüşürge hazırmaI am ready to freeze | senüşürge hazırsayou are ready to freeze | olüşürge hazırdıhe is ready to freeze | bizüşürge hazırbızwe are ready to freeze | sizüşürge hazırsızyou all are ready to freeze | alaüşürge hazırdılathey are ready to freeze |
| be ready to | menüşürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to freeze | senüşürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to freeze | olüşürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to freeze | bizüşürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to freeze | sizüşürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to freeze | alaüşürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to freeze |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menüşürge küreşemeI am trying to freeze | senüşürge küreşeseyou are trying to freeze | olüşürge küreşedihe is trying to freeze | bizüşürge küreşebizwe are trying to freeze | sizüşürge küreşesizyou all are trying to freeze | alaüşürge küreşedilethey are trying to freeze |
| try to | menüşürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to freeze | senüşürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to freeze | olüşürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to freeze | bizüşürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to freeze | sizüşürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to freeze | alaüşürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to freeze |
| agree to | menüşürge unaymaI agree to freeze | senüşürge unaysayou agree to freeze | olüşürge unaydıhe agrees to freeze | bizüşürge unaybızwe agree to freeze | sizüşürge unaysızyou all agree to freeze | alaüşürge unaydılathey agree to freeze |
| agree to | menüşürge unamaymaI refuse to freeze | senüşürge unamaysayou refuse to freeze | olüşürge unamaydıhe refuses to freeze | bizüşürge unamaybızwe refuse to freeze | sizüşürge unamaysızyou all refuse to freeze | alaüşürge unamaydılathey refuse to freeze |
| hurry to | menüşürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to freeze | senüşürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to freeze | olüşürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to freeze | bizüşürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to freeze | sizüşürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to freeze | alaüşürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to freeze |
| hurry to | menüşürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to freeze | senüşürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to freeze | olüşürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to freeze | bizüşürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to freeze | sizüşürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to freeze | alaüşürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to freeze |
| be afraid to | menüşürge qorqamaI am afraid to freeze | senüşürge qorqasayou are afraid to freeze | olüşürge qorqadıhe is afraid to freeze | bizüşürge qorqabızwe are afraid to freeze | sizüşürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to freeze | alaüşürge qorqadılathey are afraid to freeze |
| be afraid to | menüşürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to freeze | senüşürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to freeze | olüşürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to freeze | bizüşürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to freeze | sizüşürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to freeze | alaüşürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to freeze |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menüşüy bolmazmaI can't be freezing | senüşüy bolmazsayou can't be freezing | olüşüy bolmazhe can't be freezing | bizüşüy bolmazbızwe can't be freezing | sizüşüy bolmazsızyou all can't be freezing | alaüşüy bolmazlathey can't be freezing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menüşümey bolmazmaI must be freezing (emphatic) | senüşümey bolmazsayou must be freezing (emphatic) | olüşümey bolmazhe must be freezing (emphatic) | bizüşümey bolmazbızwe must be freezing (emphatic) | sizüşümey bolmazsızyou all must be freezing (emphatic) | alaüşümey bolmazlathey must be freezing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menüşüy turmasamif I don't keep freezing | senüşüy turmasaŋif you don't keep freezing | olüşüy turmasaif he doesn't keep freezing | bizüşüy turmasaqif we don't keep freezing | sizüşüy turmasağızif you all don't keep freezing | alaüşüy turmasalaif they don't keep freezing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menüşüy tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of freezing | senüşüy tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of freezing | olüşüy tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of freezing | bizüşüy tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of freezing | sizüşüy tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of freezing | alaüşüy tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of freezing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menüşümey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not freezing (emphatic) | senüşümey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not freezing (emphatic) | olüşümey tura bolmazhe must keep on not freezing (emphatic) | bizüşümey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not freezing (emphatic) | sizüşümey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not freezing (emphatic) | alaüşümey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not freezing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menüşümey turamaI keep on not freezing | senüşümey turasayou keep on not freezing | olüşümey turadıhe keeps on not freezing | bizüşümey turabızwe keep on not freezing | sizüşümey turasızyou all keep on not freezing | alaüşümey turadılathey keep on not freezing |
| Progressive — double negation | menüşümey turmaymaI am not keeping on not freezing | senüşümey turmaysayou are not keeping on not freezing | olüşümey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not freezing | bizüşümey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not freezing | sizüşümey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not freezing | alaüşümey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not freezing |
| Progressive — double negation | menüşümey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not freezing? | senüşümey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not freezing? | olüşümey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not freezing? | bizüşümey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not freezing? | sizüşümey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not freezing? | alaüşümey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not freezing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menüşügen bolmazmaI can't have frozen | senüşügen bolmazsayou can't have frozen | olüşügen bolmazhe can't have frozen | bizüşügen bolmazbızwe can't have frozen | sizüşügen bolmazsızyou all can't have frozen | alaüşügen bolmazlathey can't have frozen |
| Inference — double negation | menüşümegen bolmazmaI must have frozen (emphatic) | senüşümegen bolmazsayou must have frozen (emphatic) | olüşümegen bolmazhe must have frozen (emphatic) | bizüşümegen bolmazbızwe must have frozen (emphatic) | sizüşümegen bolmazsızyou all must have frozen (emphatic) | alaüşümegen bolmazlathey must have frozen (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menüşügen bolmasamif it weren't that I had frozen | senüşügen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had frozen | olüşügen bolmasaif it weren't that he had frozen | bizüşügen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had frozen | sizüşügen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had frozen | alaüşügen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had frozen |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menüşümegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't frozen | senüşümegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't frozen | olüşümegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't frozen | bizüşümegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't frozen | sizüşümegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't frozen | alaüşümegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't frozen |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menüşürük bolmazmaI can't be going to freeze | senüşürük bolmazsayou can't be going to freeze | olüşürük bolmazhe can't be going to freeze | bizüşürük bolmazbızwe can't be going to freeze | sizüşürük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to freeze | alaüşürük bolmazlathey can't be going to freeze |
| Inference, future — double negation | menüşümezlik bolmazmaI must be going to freeze (emphatic) | senüşümezlik bolmazsayou must be going to freeze (emphatic) | olüşümezlik bolmazhe must be going to freeze (emphatic) | bizüşümezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to freeze (emphatic) | sizüşümezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to freeze (emphatic) | alaüşümezlik bolmazlathey must be going to freeze (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menüşürük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to freeze | senüşürük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to freeze | olüşürük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to freeze | bizüşürük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to freeze | sizüşürük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to freeze | alaüşürük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to freeze |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menüşümezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to freeze | senüşümezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to freeze | olüşümezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to freeze | bizüşümezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to freeze | sizüşümezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to freeze | alaüşümezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to freeze |