ösdürürge
/øsdyryrɡe/
1. grow, cultivate, raise (crops or plants); grow out (a beard or new skin)
- gardoş ösdürürge — to grow potatoes
- buday ösdürürge — to grow wheat
- mürzew ösdürürge — to grow grain
- nartüh ösdür — grow corn
- gül ösdürürge — to grow flowers
- atam buday ösdüredi — my father grows wheat
- biz gülle ösdürdük — we grew flowers
- saqal ösdürürge — to grow out a beard
- qarnaşım saqal ösdürgendi — my brother has grown a beard
- jaŋı teri ösdürürge — to grow new skin
2. raise, rear, bring up (children or livestock)
- sabiy ösdürürge — to raise children
- sabiyle ösdür — raise children
- öksüz qızçıqnı ösdürürge — to raise the orphan girl
- ol üç sabiy ösdürgendi — they have raised three children
- toğuz sabiy ösdürgen tişirıwğa — to a woman who has raised nine children
- sabiyni tüzlükge ösdürürge kerekdi — one must raise a child in righteousness
- malçı semiz mal ösdürdü — the herdsman raised fat livestock
3. develop, advance, improve (knowledge, skill, an economy, culture)
- bilimiŋi ösdür — develop your knowledge
- ustazla ustalıqların ösdüredile — teachers develop their skills
- men bilimimi ösdüreme — I develop my knowledge
- ol ustalığın ösdürdü — they developed their skill
- biz bilimibizni ösdürebiz — we develop our knowledge
- ustaz bilimin ösdürgendi — the teacher has developed their knowledge
- kesiŋi bilimiŋi ösdürürge — to develop your own knowledge
4. increase, raise, multiply (an amount or number)
- malnı sanın ösdürürge — to increase the livestock count
- küçnü ösdürürge — to multiply strength
- qralnı baylığın ösdür — increase the country's wealth
- on qat ösdürürge — to increase tenfold
- jalnı ösdürürge — to increase wages
- malnı sanın ösdürdüle — they increased the livestock count
5. build up, raise (walls)
- üynü qabırğaların ösdürürge — to raise the walls of a house
- mekyamnı qabırğaların ösdürürge — to build up a building's walls
- qabırğalanı ösdürdüle — they raised the walls
Conjugation
Common forms
- ösdüredihe is cultivating
- ösdürdühe cultivated
- ösdürgendihe has cultivated
- ösdürürhe will cultivate
- ösdürlükdühe is going to cultivate
- ösdüre edihe was cultivating
- ösdürseif he cultivates
- ösdür!cultivate!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menösdüremeI am cultivating | senösdüreseyou are cultivating | olösdüredihe is cultivating | bizösdürebizwe are cultivating | sizösdüresizyou all are cultivating | alaösdüredilethey are cultivating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menösdürmeymeI am not cultivating | senösdürmeyseyou are not cultivating | olösdürmeydihe is not cultivating | bizösdürmeybizwe are not cultivating | sizösdürmeysizyou all are not cultivating | alaösdürmeydilethey are not cultivating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menösdürememi? ösdüremime?am I cultivating? | senösdüremise?are you cultivating? | olösdüremidi?is he cultivating? | bizösdürebizmi? ösdüremibiz?are we cultivating? | sizösdüremisiz?are you all cultivating? | alaösdüremidile?are they cultivating? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menösdürmeymemi? ösdürmeymime?aren't I cultivating? | senösdürmeymise?aren't you cultivating? | olösdürmeymidi?isn't he cultivating? | bizösdürmeybizmi? ösdürmeymibiz?aren't we cultivating? | sizösdürmeymisiz?aren't you all cultivating? | alaösdürmeymidile?aren't they cultivating? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menösdürüwçenmeI usually cultivate | senösdürüwçenseyou usually cultivate | olösdürüwçendihe usually cultivates | bizösdürüwçenbizwe usually cultivate | sizösdürüwçensizyou all usually cultivate | alaösdürüwçendilethey usually cultivate |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menösdürmewçenmeI usually don't cultivate | senösdürmewçenseyou usually don't cultivate | olösdürmewçendihe usually doesn't cultivate | bizösdürmewçenbizwe usually don't cultivate | sizösdürmewçensizyou all usually don't cultivate | alaösdürmewçendilethey usually don't cultivate |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menösdürüwçenmemi? ösdürüwçenmime?do I usually cultivate? | senösdürüwçenmise?do you usually cultivate? | olösdürüwçenmidi?does he usually cultivate? | bizösdürüwçenbizmi? ösdürüwçenmibiz?do we usually cultivate? | sizösdürüwçenmisiz?do you all usually cultivate? | alaösdürüwçenmidile?do they usually cultivate? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menösdürmewçenmemi? ösdürmewçenmime?do I usually not cultivate? | senösdürmewçenmise?do you usually not cultivate? | olösdürmewçenmidi?does he usually not cultivate? | bizösdürmewçenbizmi? ösdürmewçenmibiz?do we usually not cultivate? | sizösdürmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not cultivate? | alaösdürmewçenmidile?do they usually not cultivate? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olösdürübdühe has cultivated and remains so | alaösdürübdülethey have cultivated and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olösdürübmüdü?has he cultivated? | alaösdürübmüdüle?have they cultivated? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menösdürüb turamaI keep cultivating | senösdürüb turasayou keep cultivating | olösdürüb turadıhe keeps cultivating | bizösdürüb turabızwe keep cultivating | sizösdürüb turasızyou all keep cultivating | alaösdürüb turadılathey keep cultivating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menösdürüb turmaymaI don't keep cultivating | senösdürüb turmaysayou don't keep cultivating | olösdürüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep cultivating | bizösdürüb turmaybızwe don't keep cultivating | sizösdürüb turmaysızyou all don't keep cultivating | alaösdürüb turmaydılathey don't keep cultivating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menösdürüb turamamı? ösdürüb turamıma?do I keep cultivating? | senösdürüb turamısa?do you keep cultivating? | olösdürüb turamıdı?does he keep cultivating? | bizösdürüb turabızmı? ösdürüb turamıbız?do we keep cultivating? | sizösdürüb turamısız?do you all keep cultivating? | alaösdürüb turamıdıla?do they keep cultivating? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menösdürüb turmaymamı? ösdürüb turmaymıma?don't I keep cultivating? | senösdürüb turmaymısa?don't you keep cultivating? | olösdürüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep cultivating? | bizösdürüb turmaybızmı? ösdürüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep cultivating? | sizösdürüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep cultivating? | alaösdürüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep cultivating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menösdüre turamaI am in the middle of cultivating | senösdüre turasayou are in the middle of cultivating | olösdüre turadıhe is in the middle of cultivating | bizösdüre turabızwe are in the middle of cultivating | sizösdüre turasızyou all are in the middle of cultivating | alaösdüre turadılathey are in the middle of cultivating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menösdüre turmaymaI am not in the middle of cultivating | senösdüre turmaysayou are not in the middle of cultivating | olösdüre turmaydıhe is not in the middle of cultivating | bizösdüre turmaybızwe are not in the middle of cultivating | sizösdüre turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of cultivating | alaösdüre turmaydılathey are not in the middle of cultivating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menösdüre turamamı? ösdüre turamıma?am I in the middle of cultivating? | senösdüre turamısa?are you in the middle of cultivating? | olösdüre turamıdı?is he in the middle of cultivating? | bizösdüre turabızmı? ösdüre turamıbız?are we in the middle of cultivating? | sizösdüre turamısız?are you all in the middle of cultivating? | alaösdüre turamıdıla?are they in the middle of cultivating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menösdüre turmaymamı? ösdüre turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of cultivating? | senösdüre turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of cultivating? | olösdüre turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of cultivating? | bizösdüre turmaybızmı? ösdüre turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of cultivating? | sizösdüre turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of cultivating? | alaösdüre turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of cultivating? |
| Simple past (definite) | menösdürdümI cultivated | senösdürdüŋyou cultivated | olösdürdühe cultivated | bizösdürdükwe cultivated | sizösdürdügüzyou all cultivated | alaösdürdülethey cultivated |
| Simple past (definite) | menösdürmedimI didn't cultivate | senösdürmediŋyou didn't cultivate | olösdürmedihe didn't cultivate | bizösdürmedikwe didn't cultivate | sizösdürmedigizyou all didn't cultivate | alaösdürmedilethey didn't cultivate |
| Simple past (definite) | menösdürdümmü?did I cultivate? | senösdürdüŋmü?did you cultivate? | olösdürdümü?did he cultivate? | bizösdürdükmü?did we cultivate? | sizösdürdügüzmü?did you all cultivate? | alaösdürdülemi?did they cultivate? |
| Simple past (definite) | menösdürmedimmi?didn't I cultivate? | senösdürmediŋmi?didn't you cultivate? | olösdürmedimi?didn't he cultivate? | bizösdürmedikmi?didn't we cultivate? | sizösdürmedigizmi?didn't you all cultivate? | alaösdürmedilemi?didn't they cultivate? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menösdürgenmeI have cultivated | senösdürgenseyou have cultivated | olösdürgendihe has cultivated | bizösdürgenbizwe have cultivated | sizösdürgensizyou all have cultivated | alaösdürgendilethey have cultivated |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menösdürmegenmeI haven't cultivated | senösdürmegenseyou haven't cultivated | olösdürmegendihe hasn't cultivated | bizösdürmegenbizwe haven't cultivated | sizösdürmegensizyou all haven't cultivated | alaösdürmegendilethey haven't cultivated |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menösdürgenmemi? ösdürgenmime?have I cultivated? | senösdürgenmise?have you cultivated? | olösdürgenmidi?has he cultivated? | bizösdürgenbizmi? ösdürgenmibiz?have we cultivated? | sizösdürgenmisiz?have you all cultivated? | alaösdürgenmidile?have they cultivated? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menösdürmegenmemi? ösdürmegenmime?haven't I cultivated? | senösdürmegenmise?haven't you cultivated? | olösdürmegenmidi?hasn't he cultivated? | bizösdürmegenbizmi? ösdürmegenmibiz?haven't we cultivated? | sizösdürmegenmisiz?haven't you all cultivated? | alaösdürmegenmidile?haven't they cultivated? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menösdürüb turdumI kept cultivating | senösdürüb turduŋyou kept cultivating | olösdürüb turduhe kept cultivating | bizösdürüb turduqwe kept cultivating | sizösdürüb turduğuzyou all kept cultivating | alaösdürüb turdulathey kept cultivating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menösdürüb turmadımI didn't keep cultivating | senösdürüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep cultivating | olösdürüb turmadıhe didn't keep cultivating | bizösdürüb turmadıqwe didn't keep cultivating | sizösdürüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep cultivating | alaösdürüb turmadılathey didn't keep cultivating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menösdürürmeI will cultivate | senösdürürseyou will cultivate | olösdürürhe will cultivate | bizösdürürbüzwe will cultivate | sizösdürürsüzyou all will cultivate | alaösdürürlethey will cultivate |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menösdürmezmeI won't cultivate | senösdürmezseyou won't cultivate | olösdürmezhe won't cultivate | bizösdürmezbizwe won't cultivate | sizösdürmezsizyou all won't cultivate | alaösdürmezlethey won't cultivate |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menösdürürmemi? ösdürürmüme?will I cultivate? | senösdürürmüse?will you cultivate? | olösdürürmü?will he cultivate? | bizösdürürbüzmü? ösdürürmübüz?will we cultivate? | sizösdürürmüsüz?will you all cultivate? | alaösdürürlemi? ösdürürmüle?will they cultivate? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menösdürmezmemi? ösdürmezmime?won't I cultivate? | senösdürmezmise?won't you cultivate? | olösdürmezmi?won't he cultivate? | bizösdürmezbizmi? ösdürmezmibiz?won't we cultivate? | sizösdürmezmisiz?won't you all cultivate? | alaösdürmezlemi? ösdürmezmile?won't they cultivate? |
| Definite future (future II) | menösdürlükme1ösdürrükmeI am going to cultivate | senösdürlükse1ösdürrükseyou are going to cultivate | olösdürlükdü1ösdürrükdühe is going to cultivate | bizösdürlükbüz1ösdürrükbüzwe are going to cultivate | sizösdürlüksüz1ösdürrüksüzyou all are going to cultivate | alaösdürlükdüle1ösdürrükdülethey are going to cultivate |
| Definite future (future II) | menösdürlük tülme1ösdürrük tülmeI am not going to cultivate | senösdürlük tülse1ösdürrük tülseyou are not going to cultivate | olösdürlük tüldü1ösdürrük tüldühe is not going to cultivate | bizösdürlük tülbüz1ösdürrük tülbüzwe are not going to cultivate | sizösdürlük tülsüz1ösdürrük tülsüzyou all are not going to cultivate | alaösdürlük tüldüle1ösdürrük tüldülethey are not going to cultivate |
| Definite future (future II) | menösdürlükmemi?1 ösdürlükmüme?ösdürrükmemi?am I going to cultivate? | senösdürlükmüse?1ösdürrükmüse?are you going to cultivate? | olösdürlükmüdü?1ösdürrükmüdü?is he going to cultivate? | bizösdürlükbüzmü?1 ösdürlükmübüz?ösdürrükbüzmü?are we going to cultivate? | sizösdürlükmüsüz?1ösdürrükmüsüz?are you all going to cultivate? | alaösdürlükmüdüle?1ösdürrükmüdüle?are they going to cultivate? |
| Definite future (future II) | menösdürlük tülmüme?1ösdürrük tülmüme?aren't I going to cultivate? | senösdürlük tülmüse?1ösdürrük tülmüse?aren't you going to cultivate? | olösdürlük tülmüdü?1ösdürrük tülmüdü?isn't he going to cultivate? | bizösdürlük tülmübüz?1ösdürrük tülmübüz?aren't we going to cultivate? | sizösdürlük tülmüsüz?1ösdürrük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to cultivate? | alaösdürlük tülmüdüle?1ösdürrük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to cultivate? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ösdürrükdü
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menösdürgen edimösdürgenemI had cultivated | senösdürgen ediŋösdürgeneŋyou had cultivated | olösdürgen ediösdürgenedhe had cultivated | bizösdürgen edikösdürgenekwe had cultivated | sizösdürgen edigizösdürgenegizyou all had cultivated | alaösdürgen edileösdürgenellethey had cultivated |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menösdürmegen edimösdürmegenemI hadn't cultivated | senösdürmegen ediŋösdürmegeneŋyou hadn't cultivated | olösdürmegen ediösdürmegenedhe hadn't cultivated | bizösdürmegen edikösdürmegenekwe hadn't cultivated | sizösdürmegen edigizösdürmegenegizyou all hadn't cultivated | alaösdürmegen edileösdürmegenellethey hadn't cultivated |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menösdüre edimösdüremI was cultivating | senösdüre ediŋösdüreŋyou were cultivating | olösdüre ediösdüredhe was cultivating | bizösdüre edikösdürekwe were cultivating | sizösdüre edigizösdüregizyou all were cultivating | alaösdüre edileösdürellethey were cultivating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menösdürmey edimösdürmeyemI wasn't cultivating | senösdürmey ediŋösdürmeyeŋyou weren't cultivating | olösdürmey ediösdürmeyedhe wasn't cultivating | bizösdürmey edikösdürmeyekwe weren't cultivating | sizösdürmey edigizösdürmeyegizyou all weren't cultivating | alaösdürmey edileösdürmeyellethey weren't cultivating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menösdürüwçen edimösdürüwçenemI used to cultivate | senösdürüwçen ediŋösdürüwçeneŋyou used to cultivate | olösdürüwçen ediösdürüwçenedhe used to cultivate | bizösdürüwçen edikösdürüwçenekwe used to cultivate | sizösdürüwçen edigizösdürüwçenegizyou all used to cultivate | alaösdürüwçen edileösdürüwçenellethey used to cultivate |
| Habitual past (used to) | menösdürmewçen edimösdürmewçenemI didn't use to cultivate | senösdürmewçen ediŋösdürmewçeneŋyou didn't use to cultivate | olösdürmewçen ediösdürmewçenedhe didn't use to cultivate | bizösdürmewçen edikösdürmewçenekwe didn't use to cultivate | sizösdürmewçen edigizösdürmewçenegizyou all didn't use to cultivate | alaösdürmewçen edileösdürmewçenellethey didn't use to cultivate |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olösdürüb edihe had cultivated and remained so | alaösdürüb edilethey had cultivated and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olösdürüb tül edihe hadn't cultivated | alaösdürüb tül edilethey hadn't cultivated | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menösdürüb tura edimösdürüb turaemI had kept cultivating | senösdürüb tura ediŋösdürüb turaeŋyou had kept cultivating | olösdürüb tura ediösdürüb turaedhe had kept cultivating | bizösdürüb tura edikösdürüb turaekwe had kept cultivating | sizösdürüb tura edigizösdürüb turaegizyou all had kept cultivating | alaösdürüb tura edileösdürüb turaellethey had kept cultivating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menösdürüb turmay edimösdürüb turmayemI hadn't kept cultivating | senösdürüb turmay ediŋösdürüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept cultivating | olösdürüb turmay ediösdürüb turmayedhe hadn't kept cultivating | bizösdürüb turmay edikösdürüb turmayekwe hadn't kept cultivating | sizösdürüb turmay edigizösdürüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept cultivating | alaösdürüb turmay edileösdürüb turmayellethey hadn't kept cultivating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menösdüre tura edimösdüre turaemI was in the middle of cultivating | senösdüre tura ediŋösdüre turaeŋyou were in the middle of cultivating | olösdüre tura ediösdüre turaedhe was in the middle of cultivating | bizösdüre tura edikösdüre turaekwe were in the middle of cultivating | sizösdüre tura edigizösdüre turaegizyou all were in the middle of cultivating | alaösdüre tura edileösdüre turaellethey were in the middle of cultivating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menösdüre turmay edimösdüre turmayemI wasn't in the middle of cultivating | senösdüre turmay ediŋösdüre turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of cultivating | olösdüre turmay ediösdüre turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of cultivating | bizösdüre turmay edikösdüre turmayekwe weren't in the middle of cultivating | sizösdüre turmay edigizösdüre turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of cultivating | alaösdüre turmay edileösdüre turmayellethey weren't in the middle of cultivating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menösdürür edimösdürür emI would cultivate | senösdürür ediŋösdürür eŋyou would cultivate | olösdürür ediösdürür edhe would cultivate | bizösdürür edikösdürür ekwe would cultivate | sizösdürür edigizösdürür egizyou all would cultivate | alaösdürür edileösdürür ellethey would cultivate |
| Conditional result (would) | menösdürmez edimösdürmez emI wouldn't cultivate | senösdürmez ediŋösdürmez eŋyou wouldn't cultivate | olösdürmez ediösdürmez edhe wouldn't cultivate | bizösdürmez edikösdürmez ekwe wouldn't cultivate | sizösdürmez edigizösdürmez egizyou all wouldn't cultivate | alaösdürmez edileösdürmez ellethey wouldn't cultivate |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menösdürlük edim2ösdürlük emösdürrük edimI would have cultivated | senösdürlük ediŋ2ösdürlük eŋösdürrük ediŋyou would have cultivated | olösdürlük edi2ösdürlük edösdürrük edihe would have cultivated | bizösdürlük edik2ösdürlük ekösdürrük edikwe would have cultivated | sizösdürlük edigiz2ösdürlük egizösdürrük edigizyou all would have cultivated | alaösdürlük edile2ösdürlük elleösdürrük edilethey would have cultivated |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menösdürlük tül edim2ösdürlük tül emösdürrük tül edimI wouldn't have cultivated | senösdürlük tül ediŋ2ösdürlük tül eŋösdürrük tül ediŋyou wouldn't have cultivated | olösdürlük tül edi2ösdürlük tül edösdürrük tül edihe wouldn't have cultivated | bizösdürlük tül edik2ösdürlük tül ekösdürrük tül edikwe wouldn't have cultivated | sizösdürlük tül edigiz2ösdürlük tül egizösdürrük tül edigizyou all wouldn't have cultivated | alaösdürlük tül edile2ösdürlük tül elleösdürrük tül edilethey wouldn't have cultivated |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ösdürrük edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menösdürsemif I cultivate | senösdürseŋif you cultivate | olösdürseif he cultivates | bizösdürsekif we cultivate | sizösdürsegizif you all cultivate | alaösdürseleif they cultivate |
| Conditional | menösdürmesemif I don't cultivate | senösdürmeseŋif you don't cultivate | olösdürmeseif he doesn't cultivate | bizösdürmesekif we don't cultivate | sizösdürmesegizif you all don't cultivate | alaösdürmeseleif they don't cultivate |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menösdüre esemif I am cultivating | senösdüre eseŋif you are cultivating | olösdüre eseif he is cultivating | bizösdüre esekif we are cultivating | sizösdüre esegizif you all are cultivating | alaösdüre eseleif they are cultivating |
| Conditional, present real | menösdürmey esemif I am not cultivating | senösdürmey eseŋif you are not cultivating | olösdürmey eseif he is not cultivating | bizösdürmey esekif we are not cultivating | sizösdürmey esegizif you all are not cultivating | alaösdürmey eseleif they are not cultivating |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menösdürsem ediösdürsem edif only I cultivated | senösdürseŋ ediösdürseŋ edif only you cultivated | olösdürse ediösdürsedif only he cultivated | bizösdürsek ediösdürsek edif only we cultivated | sizösdürsegiz ediösdürsegiz edif only you all cultivated | alaösdürsele ediösdürseledif only they cultivated |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menösdürmesem ediösdürmesem edif only I didn't cultivate | senösdürmeseŋ ediösdürmeseŋ edif only you didn't cultivate | olösdürmese ediösdürmesedif only he didn't cultivate | bizösdürmesek ediösdürmesek edif only we didn't cultivate | sizösdürmesegiz ediösdürmesegiz edif only you all didn't cultivate | alaösdürmesele ediösdürmeseledif only they didn't cultivate |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menösdürüb tursamif I carry on cultivating | senösdürüb tursaŋif you carry on cultivating | olösdürüb tursaif he carries on cultivating | bizösdürüb tursaqif we carry on cultivating | sizösdürüb tursağızif you all carry on cultivating | alaösdürüb tursalaif they carry on cultivating |
| Durative conditional | menösdürüb turmasamif I don't carry on cultivating | senösdürüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on cultivating | olösdürüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on cultivating | bizösdürüb turmasaqif we don't carry on cultivating | sizösdürüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on cultivating | alaösdürüb turmasalaif they don't carry on cultivating |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menösdürüb tura esemif I have kept cultivating | senösdürüb tura eseŋif you have kept cultivating | olösdürüb tura eseif he has kept cultivating | bizösdürüb tura esekif we have kept cultivating | sizösdürüb tura esegizif you all have kept cultivating | alaösdürüb tura eseleif they have kept cultivating |
| Durative conditional, present real | menösdürüb turmay esemif I haven't kept cultivating | senösdürüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept cultivating | olösdürüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept cultivating | bizösdürüb turmay esekif we haven't kept cultivating | sizösdürüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept cultivating | alaösdürüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept cultivating |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menösdüre tursamif I keep cultivating | senösdüre tursaŋif you keep cultivating | olösdüre tursaif he keeps cultivating | bizösdüre tursaqif we keep cultivating | sizösdüre tursağızif you all keep cultivating | alaösdüre tursalaif they keep cultivating |
| Progressive conditional | menösdürmey tursamif I keep on not cultivating | senösdürmey tursaŋif you keep on not cultivating | olösdürmey tursaif he keeps on not cultivating | bizösdürmey tursaqif we keep on not cultivating | sizösdürmey tursağızif you all keep on not cultivating | alaösdürmey tursalaif they keep on not cultivating |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menösdüre tura esemif I am in the middle of cultivating | senösdüre tura eseŋif you are in the middle of cultivating | olösdüre tura eseif he is in the middle of cultivating | bizösdüre tura esekif we are in the middle of cultivating | sizösdüre tura esegizif you all are in the middle of cultivating | alaösdüre tura eseleif they are in the middle of cultivating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menösdürmey tura esemif I keep on not cultivating | senösdürmey tura eseŋif you keep on not cultivating | olösdürmey tura eseif he keeps on not cultivating | bizösdürmey tura esekif we keep on not cultivating | sizösdürmey tura esegizif you all keep on not cultivating | alaösdürmey tura eseleif they keep on not cultivating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menösdürdüm esemif I cultivated | senösdürdüŋ eseŋif you cultivated | olösdürdü eseif he cultivated | bizösdürdük esekif we cultivated | sizösdürdügüz esegizif you all cultivated | alaösdürdüle eseleif they cultivated |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menösdürmedim esemif I didn't cultivate | senösdürmediŋ eseŋif you didn't cultivate | olösdürmedi eseif he didn't cultivate | bizösdürmedik esekif we didn't cultivate | sizösdürmedigiz esegizif you all didn't cultivate | alaösdürmedile eseleif they didn't cultivate |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menösdürgen esemif I did cultivate (indeed) | senösdürgen eseŋif you did cultivate (indeed) | olösdürgen eseif he did cultivate (indeed) | bizösdürgen esekif we did cultivate (indeed) | sizösdürgen esegizif you all did cultivate (indeed) | alaösdürgen eseleif they did cultivate (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menösdürmegen esemif I didn't cultivate (indeed) | senösdürmegen eseŋif you didn't cultivate (indeed) | olösdürmegen eseif he didn't cultivate (indeed) | bizösdürmegen esekif we didn't cultivate (indeed) | sizösdürmegen esegizif you all didn't cultivate (indeed) | alaösdürmegen eseleif they didn't cultivate (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menösdürgen bolsamif I had cultivated | senösdürgen bolsaŋif you had cultivated | olösdürgen bolsaif he had cultivated | bizösdürgen bolsaqif we had cultivated | sizösdürgen bolsağızif you all had cultivated | alaösdürgen bolsalaif they had cultivated |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menösdürmegen bolsamif I hadn't cultivated | senösdürmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't cultivated | olösdürmegen bolsaif he hadn't cultivated | bizösdürmegen bolsaqif we hadn't cultivated | sizösdürmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't cultivated | alaösdürmegen bolsalaif they hadn't cultivated |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menösdürgen bolsam ediösdürgen bolsam edif only I had cultivated | senösdürgen bolsaŋ ediösdürgen bolsaŋ edif only you had cultivated | olösdürgen bolsa ediösdürgen bolsaedif only he had cultivated | bizösdürgen bolsaq ediösdürgen bolsaq edif only we had cultivated | sizösdürgen bolsağız ediösdürgen bolsağız edif only you all had cultivated | alaösdürgen bolsala ediösdürgen bolsalaedif only they had cultivated |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menösdürmegen bolsam ediösdürmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't cultivated | senösdürmegen bolsaŋ ediösdürmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't cultivated | olösdürmegen bolsa ediösdürmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't cultivated | bizösdürmegen bolsaq ediösdürmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't cultivated | sizösdürmegen bolsağız ediösdürmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't cultivated | alaösdürmegen bolsala ediösdürmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't cultivated |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menösdürür esemif I will cultivate | senösdürür eseŋif you will cultivate | olösdürür eseif he will cultivate | bizösdürür esekif we will cultivate | sizösdürür esegizif you all will cultivate | alaösdürür eseleif they will cultivate |
| Conditional, aorist | menösdürmez esemif I won't cultivate | senösdürmez eseŋif you won't cultivate | olösdürmez eseif he won't cultivate | bizösdürmez esekif we won't cultivate | sizösdürmez esegizif you all won't cultivate | alaösdürmez eseleif they won't cultivate |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menösdürlük esem4ösdürrük esemif I am going to cultivate | senösdürlük eseŋ4ösdürrük eseŋif you are going to cultivate | olösdürlük ese4ösdürrük eseif he is going to cultivate | bizösdürlük esek4ösdürrük esekif we are going to cultivate | sizösdürlük esegiz4ösdürrük esegizif you all are going to cultivate | alaösdürlük esele4ösdürrük eseleif they are going to cultivate |
| Conditional, future | menösdürlük tül esem4ösdürrük tül esemif I am not going to cultivate | senösdürlük tül eseŋ4ösdürrük tül eseŋif you are not going to cultivate | olösdürlük tül ese4ösdürrük tül eseif he is not going to cultivate | bizösdürlük tül esek4ösdürrük tül esekif we are not going to cultivate | sizösdürlük tül esegiz4ösdürrük tül esegizif you all are not going to cultivate | alaösdürlük tül esele4ösdürrük tül eseleif they are not going to cultivate |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menösdürlük bolsam5ösdürrük bolsamif I were going to cultivate | senösdürlük bolsaŋ5ösdürrük bolsaŋif you were going to cultivate | olösdürlük bolsa5ösdürrük bolsaif he were going to cultivate | bizösdürlük bolsaq5ösdürrük bolsaqif we were going to cultivate | sizösdürlük bolsağız5ösdürrük bolsağızif you all were going to cultivate | alaösdürlük bolsala5ösdürrük bolsalaif they were going to cultivate |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menösdürmezlik bolsamif I were not going to cultivate | senösdürmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to cultivate | olösdürmezlik bolsaif he were not going to cultivate | bizösdürmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to cultivate | sizösdürmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to cultivate | alaösdürmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to cultivate |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ösdürdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ösdürrük ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ösdürrük bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menösdüre bolurmaI must be cultivating | senösdüre bolursayou must be cultivating | olösdüre bolurhe must be cultivating | bizösdüre bolurbuzwe must be cultivating | sizösdüre bolursuzyou all must be cultivating | alaösdüre bolurlathey must be cultivating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menösdürmey bolurmaI must not be cultivating | senösdürmey bolursayou must not be cultivating | olösdürmey bolurhe must not be cultivating | bizösdürmey bolurbuzwe must not be cultivating | sizösdürmey bolursuzyou all must not be cultivating | alaösdürmey bolurlathey must not be cultivating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menösdüre tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of cultivating | senösdüre tura bolursayou must be in the middle of cultivating | olösdüre tura bolurhe must be in the middle of cultivating | bizösdüre tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of cultivating | sizösdüre tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of cultivating | alaösdüre tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of cultivating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menösdürmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not cultivating | senösdürmey tura bolursayou must keep on not cultivating | olösdürmey tura bolurhe must keep on not cultivating | bizösdürmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not cultivating | sizösdürmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not cultivating | alaösdürmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not cultivating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menösdürgen bolurmaI must have cultivated | senösdürgen bolursayou must have cultivated | olösdürgen bolurhe must have cultivated | bizösdürgen bolurbuzwe must have cultivated | sizösdürgen bolursuzyou all must have cultivated | alaösdürgen bolurlathey must have cultivated |
| Inference (must have) | menösdürmegen bolurmaI must not have cultivated | senösdürmegen bolursayou must not have cultivated | olösdürmegen bolurhe must not have cultivated | bizösdürmegen bolurbuzwe must not have cultivated | sizösdürmegen bolursuzyou all must not have cultivated | alaösdürmegen bolurlathey must not have cultivated |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menösdürlük bolurma6ösdürrük bolurmaI must be going to cultivate | senösdürlük bolursa6ösdürrük bolursayou must be going to cultivate | olösdürlük bolur6ösdürrük bolurhe must be going to cultivate | bizösdürlük bolurbuz6ösdürrük bolurbuzwe must be going to cultivate | sizösdürlük bolursuz6ösdürrük bolursuzyou all must be going to cultivate | alaösdürlük bolurla6ösdürrük bolurlathey must be going to cultivate |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menösdürmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to cultivate | senösdürmezlik bolursayou must not be going to cultivate | olösdürmezlik bolurhe must not be going to cultivate | bizösdürmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to cultivate | sizösdürmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to cultivate | alaösdürmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to cultivate |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so ösdürrük bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menösdüreyimlet me cultivate | senösdür!cultivate! | olösdürsünlet him cultivate | bizösdüreyiklet's cultivate | sizösdürügüz!cultivate, you all! | alaösdürsünlelet them cultivate |
| Commands & suggestions | menösdürmeyimlet me not cultivate | senösdürme!don't cultivate! | olösdürmesinlet him not cultivate | bizösdürmeyiklet's not cultivate | sizösdürmegiz!don't cultivate, you all! | alaösdürmesinlelet them not cultivate |
| Commands & suggestions | menösdüreyimmi?shall I cultivate? | olösdürsünmü?should he cultivate? | bizösdüreyikmi?shall we cultivate? | alaösdürsünlemi?should they cultivate? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menösdürmeyimmi?shall I not cultivate? | olösdürmesinmi?should he not cultivate? | bizösdürmeyikmi?shall we not cultivate? | alaösdürmesinlemi?should they not cultivate? | ||
| Requests | senösdürçü7ösdürçünplease cultivate | olösdürsünçüdo let him cultivate | sizösdürçügüzplease cultivate (plural/polite) | alaösdürsünleçido let them cultivate | ||
| Requests | senösdürmeçi7ösdürmeçinplease don't cultivate | olösdürmesinçido let him not cultivate | sizösdürmeçigizplease don't cultivate (plural/polite) | alaösdürmesinleçido let them not cultivate | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senösdürgünösdürgümay you cultivate | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senösdürmeginösdürmegimay you not cultivate | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menösdürgey edim ösdürge edimwould that I cultivated | senösdürgey ediŋ ösdürge ediŋwould that you cultivated | olösdürgey edi ösdürge ediwould that he cultivated | bizösdürgey edik ösdürge edikwould that we cultivated | sizösdürgey edigiz ösdürge edigizwould that you all cultivated | alaösdürgey edile ösdürge edilewould that they cultivated |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menösdürmegey edim ösdürmege edimwould that I did not cultivate | senösdürmegey ediŋ ösdürmege ediŋwould that you did not cultivate | olösdürmegey edi ösdürmege ediwould that he did not cultivate | bizösdürmegey edik ösdürmege edikwould that we did not cultivate | sizösdürmegey edigiz ösdürmege edigizwould that you all did not cultivate | alaösdürmegey edile ösdürmege edilewould that they did not cultivate |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menösdürmege qoyayımösdürme qoyayımlet me allow someone to cultivate | senösdürmege qoy!ösdürme qoy!let someone cultivate! | olösdürmege qoysunösdürme qoysunlet him allow someone to cultivate | bizösdürmege qoyayıqösdürme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to cultivate | sizösdürmege qoyuğuz!ösdürme qoyuğuz!let someone cultivate, you all! | alaösdürmege qoysunlaösdürme qoysunlalet them allow someone to cultivate |
| Let someone… (commands) | menösdürmege qoymayımösdürme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to cultivate | senösdürmege qoyma!ösdürme qoyma!don't let someone cultivate! | olösdürmege qoymasınösdürme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to cultivate | bizösdürmege qoymayıqösdürme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to cultivate | sizösdürmege qoymağız!ösdürme qoymağız!don't let someone cultivate, you all! | alaösdürmege qoymasınlaösdürme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to cultivate |
| Let someone… (commands) | menösdürmege qoyayımmı?ösdürme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to cultivate? | olösdürmege qoysunmu?ösdürme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to cultivate? | bizösdürmege qoyayıqmı?ösdürme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to cultivate? | alaösdürmege qoysunlamı?ösdürme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to cultivate? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menösdürmege qoymayımmı?ösdürme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to cultivate? | olösdürmege qoymasınmı?ösdürme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to cultivate? | bizösdürmege qoymayıqmı?ösdürme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to cultivate? | alaösdürmege qoymasınlamı?ösdürme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to cultivate? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menösdürmege qoyamaösdürme qoyamaI allow someone to cultivate | senösdürmege qoyasaösdürme qoyasayou allow someone to cultivate | olösdürmege qoyadıösdürme qoyadıhe allows someone to cultivate | bizösdürmege qoyabızösdürme qoyabızwe allow someone to cultivate | sizösdürmege qoyasızösdürme qoyasızyou all allow someone to cultivate | alaösdürmege qoyadılaösdürme qoyadılathey allow someone to cultivate |
| Let someone… (present) | menösdürmege qoymaymaösdürme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to cultivate | senösdürmege qoymaysaösdürme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to cultivate | olösdürmege qoymaydıösdürme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to cultivate | bizösdürmege qoymaybızösdürme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to cultivate | sizösdürmege qoymaysızösdürme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to cultivate | alaösdürmege qoymaydılaösdürme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to cultivate |
| Let someone… (present) | menösdürmege qoyamamı?ösdürme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to cultivate? | senösdürmege qoyamısa?ösdürme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to cultivate? | olösdürmege qoyamıdı?ösdürme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to cultivate? | bizösdürmege qoyabızmı?ösdürme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to cultivate? | sizösdürmege qoyamısız?ösdürme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to cultivate? | alaösdürmege qoyamıdıla?ösdürme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to cultivate? |
| Let someone… (present) | menösdürmege qoymaymamı?ösdürme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to cultivate? | senösdürmege qoymaymısa?ösdürme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to cultivate? | olösdürmege qoymaymıdı?ösdürme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to cultivate? | bizösdürmege qoymaybızmı?ösdürme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to cultivate? | sizösdürmege qoymaymısız?ösdürme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to cultivate? | alaösdürmege qoymaymıdıla?ösdürme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to cultivate? |
| Let someone… (past) | menösdürmege qoydumösdürme qoydumI allowed someone to cultivate | senösdürmege qoyduŋösdürme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to cultivate | olösdürmege qoyduösdürme qoyduhe allowed someone to cultivate | bizösdürmege qoyduqösdürme qoyduqwe allowed someone to cultivate | sizösdürmege qoyduğuzösdürme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to cultivate | alaösdürmege qoydulaösdürme qoydulathey allowed someone to cultivate |
| Let someone… (past) | menösdürmege qoymadımösdürme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to cultivate | senösdürmege qoymadıŋösdürme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to cultivate | olösdürmege qoymadıösdürme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to cultivate | bizösdürmege qoymadıqösdürme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to cultivate | sizösdürmege qoymadığızösdürme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to cultivate | alaösdürmege qoymadılaösdürme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to cultivate |
| Let someone… (past) | menösdürmege qoydummu?ösdürme qoydummu?did I allow someone to cultivate? | senösdürmege qoyduŋmu?ösdürme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to cultivate? | olösdürmege qoydumu?ösdürme qoydumu?did he allow someone to cultivate? | bizösdürmege qoyduqmu?ösdürme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to cultivate? | sizösdürmege qoyduğuzmu?ösdürme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to cultivate? | alaösdürmege qoydulamı?ösdürme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to cultivate? |
| Let someone… (past) | menösdürmege qoymadımmı?ösdürme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to cultivate? | senösdürmege qoymadıŋmı?ösdürme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to cultivate? | olösdürmege qoymadımı?ösdürme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to cultivate? | bizösdürmege qoymadıqmı?ösdürme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to cultivate? | sizösdürmege qoymadığızmı?ösdürme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to cultivate? | alaösdürmege qoymadılamı?ösdürme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to cultivate? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
ösdüralırğa be able to cultivate · ösdüralmazğa be unable to cultivate
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menösdüralamaI can cultivate | senösdüralasayou can cultivate | olösdüraladıhe can cultivate | bizösdüralabızwe can cultivate | sizösdüralasızyou all can cultivate | alaösdüraladılathey can cultivate |
| Ability — present | menösdüralmaymaI can't cultivate | senösdüralmaysayou can't cultivate | olösdüralmaydıhe can't cultivate | bizösdüralmaybızwe can't cultivate | sizösdüralmaysızyou all can't cultivate | alaösdüralmaydılathey can't cultivate |
| Ability — present | menösdüralamamı? ösdüralamıma?can I cultivate? | senösdüralamısa?can you cultivate? | olösdüralamıdı?can he cultivate? | bizösdüralabızmı? ösdüralamıbız?can we cultivate? | sizösdüralamısız?can you all cultivate? | alaösdüralamıdıla?can they cultivate? |
| Ability — present | menösdüralmaymamı? ösdüralmaymıma?can't I cultivate? | senösdüralmaymısa?can't you cultivate? | olösdüralmaymıdı?can't he cultivate? | bizösdüralmaybızmı? ösdüralmaymıbız?can't we cultivate? | sizösdüralmaymısız?can't you all cultivate? | alaösdüralmaymıdıla?can't they cultivate? |
| Ability — if I can… | menösdüralsamif I can cultivate | senösdüralsaŋif you can cultivate | olösdüralsaif he can cultivate | bizösdüralsaqif we can cultivate | sizösdüralsağızif you all can cultivate | alaösdüralsalaif they can cultivate |
| Ability — if I can… | menösdüralmasamif I can't cultivate | senösdüralmasaŋif you can't cultivate | olösdüralmasaif he can't cultivate | bizösdüralmasaqif we can't cultivate | sizösdüralmasağızif you all can't cultivate | alaösdüralmasalaif they can't cultivate |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menösdüraldımI was able to cultivate | senösdüraldıŋyou were able to cultivate | olösdüraldıhe was able to cultivate | bizösdüraldıqwe were able to cultivate | sizösdüraldığızyou all were able to cultivate | alaösdüraldılathey were able to cultivate |
| Ability — simple past | menösdüralmadımI could not cultivate | senösdüralmadıŋyou could not cultivate | olösdüralmadıhe could not cultivate | bizösdüralmadıqwe could not cultivate | sizösdüralmadığızyou all could not cultivate | alaösdüralmadılathey could not cultivate |
| Ability — simple past | menösdüraldımmı?was I able to cultivate? | senösdüraldıŋmı?were you able to cultivate? | olösdüraldımı?was he able to cultivate? | bizösdüraldıqmı?were we able to cultivate? | sizösdüraldığızmı?were you all able to cultivate? | alaösdüraldılamı?were they able to cultivate? |
| Ability — simple past | menösdüralmadımmı?couldn't I cultivate? | senösdüralmadıŋmı?couldn't you cultivate? | olösdüralmadımı?couldn't he cultivate? | bizösdüralmadıqmı?couldn't we cultivate? | sizösdüralmadığızmı?couldn't you all cultivate? | alaösdüralmadılamı?couldn't they cultivate? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menösdüralğanmaI have been able to cultivate | senösdüralğansayou have been able to cultivate | olösdüralğandıhe has been able to cultivate | bizösdüralğanbızwe have been able to cultivate | sizösdüralğansızyou all have been able to cultivate | alaösdüralğandılathey have been able to cultivate |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menösdüralmağanmaI haven't been able to cultivate | senösdüralmağansayou haven't been able to cultivate | olösdüralmağandıhe hasn't been able to cultivate | bizösdüralmağanbızwe haven't been able to cultivate | sizösdüralmağansızyou all haven't been able to cultivate | alaösdüralmağandılathey haven't been able to cultivate |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menösdüralğanmamı? ösdüralğanmıma?have I been able to cultivate? | senösdüralğanmısa?have you been able to cultivate? | olösdüralğanmıdı?has he been able to cultivate? | bizösdüralğanbızmı? ösdüralğanmıbız?have we been able to cultivate? | sizösdüralğanmısız?have you all been able to cultivate? | alaösdüralğanmıdıla?have they been able to cultivate? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menösdüralmağanmamı? ösdüralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to cultivate? | senösdüralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to cultivate? | olösdüralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to cultivate? | bizösdüralmağanbızmı? ösdüralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to cultivate? | sizösdüralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to cultivate? | alaösdüralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to cultivate? |
| Ability — past perfect | menösdüralğan edimösdüralğanemI had been able to cultivate | senösdüralğan ediŋösdüralğaneŋyou had been able to cultivate | olösdüralğan ediösdüralğanedhe had been able to cultivate | bizösdüralğan edikösdüralğanekwe had been able to cultivate | sizösdüralğan edigizösdüralğanegizyou all had been able to cultivate | alaösdüralğan edileösdüralğanellethey had been able to cultivate |
| Ability — past perfect | menösdüralmağan edimösdüralmağanemI hadn't been able to cultivate | senösdüralmağan ediŋösdüralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to cultivate | olösdüralmağan ediösdüralmağanedhe hadn't been able to cultivate | bizösdüralmağan edikösdüralmağanekwe hadn't been able to cultivate | sizösdüralmağan edigizösdüralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to cultivate | alaösdüralmağan edileösdüralmağanellethey hadn't been able to cultivate |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menösdürala edimösdüralaemI could cultivate | senösdürala ediŋösdüralaeŋyou could cultivate | olösdürala ediösdüralaedhe could cultivate | bizösdürala edikösdüralaekwe could cultivate | sizösdürala edigizösdüralaegizyou all could cultivate | alaösdürala edileösdüralaellethey could cultivate |
| Ability — past background | menösdüralmay edimösdüralmayemI could not cultivate | senösdüralmay ediŋösdüralmayeŋyou could not cultivate | olösdüralmay ediösdüralmayedhe could not cultivate | bizösdüralmay edikösdüralmayekwe could not cultivate | sizösdüralmay edigizösdüralmayegizyou all could not cultivate | alaösdüralmay edileösdüralmayellethey could not cultivate |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menösdüralırmaI will be able to cultivate | senösdüralırsayou will be able to cultivate | olösdüralırhe will be able to cultivate | bizösdüralırbızwe will be able to cultivate | sizösdüralırsızyou all will be able to cultivate | alaösdüralırlathey will be able to cultivate |
| Ability — future I | menösdüralmazmaI won't be able to cultivate | senösdüralmazsayou won't be able to cultivate | olösdüralmazhe won't be able to cultivate | bizösdüralmazbızwe won't be able to cultivate | sizösdüralmazsızyou all won't be able to cultivate | alaösdüralmazlathey won't be able to cultivate |
| Ability — future I | menösdüralırmamı? ösdüralırmıma?will I be able to cultivate? | senösdüralırmısa?will you be able to cultivate? | olösdüralırmı?will he be able to cultivate? | bizösdüralırbızmı? ösdüralırmıbız?will we be able to cultivate? | sizösdüralırmısız?will you all be able to cultivate? | alaösdüralırlamı? ösdüralırmıla?will they be able to cultivate? |
| Ability — future I | menösdüralmazmamı? ösdüralmazmıma?won't I be able to cultivate? | senösdüralmazmısa?won't you be able to cultivate? | olösdüralmazmı?won't he be able to cultivate? | bizösdüralmazbızmı? ösdüralmazmıbız?won't we be able to cultivate? | sizösdüralmazmısız?won't you all be able to cultivate? | alaösdüralmazlamı? ösdüralmazmıla?won't they be able to cultivate? |
| Ability — future II | menösdürallıqmaI am going to be able to cultivate | senösdürallıqsayou are going to be able to cultivate | olösdürallıqdıhe is going to be able to cultivate | bizösdürallıqbızwe are going to be able to cultivate | sizösdürallıqsızyou all are going to be able to cultivate | alaösdürallıqdılathey are going to be able to cultivate |
| Ability — future II | menösdürallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to cultivate | senösdürallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to cultivate | olösdürallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to cultivate | bizösdürallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to cultivate | sizösdürallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to cultivate | alaösdürallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to cultivate |
| Ability — future II | menösdürallıqmamı? ösdürallıqmıma?am I going to be able to cultivate? | senösdürallıqmısa?are you going to be able to cultivate? | olösdürallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to cultivate? | bizösdürallıqbızmı? ösdürallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to cultivate? | sizösdürallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to cultivate? | alaösdürallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to cultivate? |
| Ability — future II | menösdürallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to cultivate? | senösdürallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to cultivate? | olösdürallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to cultivate? | bizösdürallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to cultivate? | sizösdürallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to cultivate? | alaösdürallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to cultivate? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menösdüralır edimösdüralır emI would be able to cultivate | senösdüralır ediŋösdüralır eŋyou would be able to cultivate | olösdüralır ediösdüralır edhe would be able to cultivate | bizösdüralır edikösdüralır ekwe would be able to cultivate | sizösdüralır edigizösdüralır egizyou all would be able to cultivate | alaösdüralır edileösdüralır ellethey would be able to cultivate |
| Ability — would be able to… | menösdüralmaz edimösdüralmaz emI wouldn't be able to cultivate | senösdüralmaz ediŋösdüralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to cultivate | olösdüralmaz ediösdüralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to cultivate | bizösdüralmaz edikösdüralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to cultivate | sizösdüralmaz edigizösdüralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to cultivate | alaösdüralmaz edileösdüralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to cultivate |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senösdüralğınösdüralğımay you be able to cultivate | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senösdüralmağınösdüralmağımay you not be able to cultivate | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menösdürürge izleymeI want to cultivate | senösdürürge izleyseyou want to cultivate | olösdürürge izleydihe wants to cultivate | bizösdürürge izleybizwe want to cultivate | sizösdürürge izleysizyou all want to cultivate | alaösdürürge izleydilethey want to cultivate |
| want to | menösdürürge izlemeymeI do not want to cultivate | senösdürürge izlemeyseyou do not want to cultivate | olösdürürge izlemeydihe does not want to cultivate | bizösdürürge izlemeybizwe do not want to cultivate | sizösdürürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to cultivate | alaösdürürge izlemeydilethey do not want to cultivate |
| would like to | menösdürürge süemeI would like to cultivate | senösdürürge süeseyou would like to cultivate | olösdürürge süedihe would like to cultivate | bizösdürürge süebizwe would like to cultivate | sizösdürürge süesizyou all would like to cultivate | alaösdürürge süedilethey would like to cultivate |
| would like to | menösdürürge süymeymeI would not like to cultivate | senösdürürge süymeyseyou would not like to cultivate | olösdürürge süymeydihe would not like to cultivate | bizösdürürge süymeybizwe would not like to cultivate | sizösdürürge süymeysizyou all would not like to cultivate | alaösdürürge süymeydilethey would not like to cultivate |
| hope to | menösdürürge umutlanamaI hope to cultivate | senösdürürge umutlanasayou hope to cultivate | olösdürürge umutlanadıhe hopes to cultivate | bizösdürürge umutlanabızwe hope to cultivate | sizösdürürge umutlanasızyou all hope to cultivate | alaösdürürge umutlanadılathey hope to cultivate |
| hope to | menösdürürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to cultivate | senösdürürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to cultivate | olösdürürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to cultivate | bizösdürürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to cultivate | sizösdürürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to cultivate | alaösdürürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to cultivate |
| be about to | menösdürürge deb turamaI am about to cultivate | senösdürürge deb turasayou are about to cultivate | olösdürürge deb turadıhe is about to cultivate | bizösdürürge deb turabızwe are about to cultivate | sizösdürürge deb turasızyou all are about to cultivate | alaösdürürge deb turadılathey are about to cultivate |
| be about to | menösdürürge deb turmaymaI am not about to cultivate | senösdürürge deb turmaysayou are not about to cultivate | olösdürürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to cultivate | bizösdürürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to cultivate | sizösdürürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to cultivate | alaösdürürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to cultivate |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menösdürürge kerekmeI need to cultivate | senösdürürge kerekseyou need to cultivate | olösdürürge kerekdihe needs to cultivate | bizösdürürge kerekbizwe need to cultivate | sizösdürürge kereksizyou all need to cultivate | alaösdürürge kerekdilethey need to cultivate |
| need to | menösdürürge kerek tülmeI do not need to cultivate | senösdürürge kerek tülseyou do not need to cultivate | olösdürürge kerek tüldühe does not need to cultivate | bizösdürürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to cultivate | sizösdürürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to cultivate | alaösdürürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to cultivate |
| have to | menmenŋe ösdürürge tüşediI have to cultivate | sensenŋe ösdürürge tüşediyou have to cultivate | olaŋa ösdürürge tüşedihe has to cultivate | bizbizge ösdürürge tüşediwe have to cultivate | sizsizge ösdürürge tüşediyou all have to cultivate | alaalağa ösdürürge tüşedithey have to cultivate |
| have to | menmenŋe ösdürürge tüşmeydiI do not have to cultivate | sensenŋe ösdürürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to cultivate | olaŋa ösdürürge tüşmeydihe does not have to cultivate | bizbizge ösdürürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to cultivate | sizsizge ösdürürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to cultivate | alaalağa ösdürürge tüşmeydithey do not have to cultivate |
| be obliged to | menösdürürge borçlumaI am obliged to cultivate | senösdürürge borçlusayou are obliged to cultivate | olösdürürge borçluduhe is obliged to cultivate | bizösdürürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to cultivate | sizösdürürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to cultivate | alaösdürürge borçludulathey are obliged to cultivate |
| be obliged to | menösdürürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to cultivate | senösdürürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to cultivate | olösdürürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to cultivate | bizösdürürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to cultivate | sizösdürürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to cultivate | alaösdürürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to cultivate |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menösdürürge madarım bardıI have a way to cultivate | senösdürürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to cultivate | olösdürürge madarı bardıhe has a way to cultivate | bizösdürürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to cultivate | sizösdürürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to cultivate | alaösdürürge madarları bardıthey have a way to cultivate |
| have a way to | menösdürürge madarım joqduI have no way to cultivate | senösdürürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to cultivate | olösdürürge madarı joqduhe has no way to cultivate | bizösdürürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to cultivate | sizösdürürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to cultivate | alaösdürürge madarları joqduthey have no way to cultivate |
| be free to | menösdürürge erkinligim bardıI am free to cultivate | senösdürürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to cultivate | olösdürürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to cultivate | bizösdürürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to cultivate | sizösdürürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to cultivate | alaösdürürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to cultivate |
| be free to | menösdürürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to cultivate | senösdürürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to cultivate | olösdürürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to cultivate | bizösdürürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to cultivate | sizösdürürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to cultivate | alaösdürürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to cultivate |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ösdürürge bolluqduit is possible for me to cultivate | sensenŋe ösdürürge bolluqduit is possible for you to cultivate | olaŋa ösdürürge bolluqduit is possible for him to cultivate | bizbizge ösdürürge bolluqduit is possible for us to cultivate | sizsizge ösdürürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to cultivate | alaalağa ösdürürge bolluqduit is possible for them to cultivate |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ösdürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to cultivate | sensenŋe ösdürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to cultivate | olaŋa ösdürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to cultivate | bizbizge ösdürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to cultivate | sizsizge ösdürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to cultivate | alaalağa ösdürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to cultivate |
| be ready to | menösdürürge hazırmaI am ready to cultivate | senösdürürge hazırsayou are ready to cultivate | olösdürürge hazırdıhe is ready to cultivate | bizösdürürge hazırbızwe are ready to cultivate | sizösdürürge hazırsızyou all are ready to cultivate | alaösdürürge hazırdılathey are ready to cultivate |
| be ready to | menösdürürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to cultivate | senösdürürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to cultivate | olösdürürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to cultivate | bizösdürürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to cultivate | sizösdürürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to cultivate | alaösdürürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to cultivate |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menösdürürge küreşemeI am trying to cultivate | senösdürürge küreşeseyou are trying to cultivate | olösdürürge küreşedihe is trying to cultivate | bizösdürürge küreşebizwe are trying to cultivate | sizösdürürge küreşesizyou all are trying to cultivate | alaösdürürge küreşedilethey are trying to cultivate |
| try to | menösdürürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to cultivate | senösdürürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to cultivate | olösdürürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to cultivate | bizösdürürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to cultivate | sizösdürürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to cultivate | alaösdürürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to cultivate |
| agree to | menösdürürge unaymaI agree to cultivate | senösdürürge unaysayou agree to cultivate | olösdürürge unaydıhe agrees to cultivate | bizösdürürge unaybızwe agree to cultivate | sizösdürürge unaysızyou all agree to cultivate | alaösdürürge unaydılathey agree to cultivate |
| agree to | menösdürürge unamaymaI refuse to cultivate | senösdürürge unamaysayou refuse to cultivate | olösdürürge unamaydıhe refuses to cultivate | bizösdürürge unamaybızwe refuse to cultivate | sizösdürürge unamaysızyou all refuse to cultivate | alaösdürürge unamaydılathey refuse to cultivate |
| hurry to | menösdürürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to cultivate | senösdürürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to cultivate | olösdürürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to cultivate | bizösdürürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to cultivate | sizösdürürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to cultivate | alaösdürürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to cultivate |
| hurry to | menösdürürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to cultivate | senösdürürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to cultivate | olösdürürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to cultivate | bizösdürürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to cultivate | sizösdürürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to cultivate | alaösdürürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to cultivate |
| be afraid to | menösdürürge qorqamaI am afraid to cultivate | senösdürürge qorqasayou are afraid to cultivate | olösdürürge qorqadıhe is afraid to cultivate | bizösdürürge qorqabızwe are afraid to cultivate | sizösdürürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to cultivate | alaösdürürge qorqadılathey are afraid to cultivate |
| be afraid to | menösdürürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to cultivate | senösdürürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to cultivate | olösdürürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to cultivate | bizösdürürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to cultivate | sizösdürürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to cultivate | alaösdürürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to cultivate |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menösdüre bolmazmaI can't be cultivating | senösdüre bolmazsayou can't be cultivating | olösdüre bolmazhe can't be cultivating | bizösdüre bolmazbızwe can't be cultivating | sizösdüre bolmazsızyou all can't be cultivating | alaösdüre bolmazlathey can't be cultivating |
| Inference, present — double negation | menösdürmey bolmazmaI must be cultivating (emphatic) | senösdürmey bolmazsayou must be cultivating (emphatic) | olösdürmey bolmazhe must be cultivating (emphatic) | bizösdürmey bolmazbızwe must be cultivating (emphatic) | sizösdürmey bolmazsızyou all must be cultivating (emphatic) | alaösdürmey bolmazlathey must be cultivating (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menösdüre turmasamif I don't keep cultivating | senösdüre turmasaŋif you don't keep cultivating | olösdüre turmasaif he doesn't keep cultivating | bizösdüre turmasaqif we don't keep cultivating | sizösdüre turmasağızif you all don't keep cultivating | alaösdüre turmasalaif they don't keep cultivating |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menösdüre tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of cultivating | senösdüre tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of cultivating | olösdüre tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of cultivating | bizösdüre tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of cultivating | sizösdüre tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of cultivating | alaösdüre tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of cultivating |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menösdürmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not cultivating (emphatic) | senösdürmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not cultivating (emphatic) | olösdürmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not cultivating (emphatic) | bizösdürmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not cultivating (emphatic) | sizösdürmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not cultivating (emphatic) | alaösdürmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not cultivating (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menösdürmey turamaI keep on not cultivating | senösdürmey turasayou keep on not cultivating | olösdürmey turadıhe keeps on not cultivating | bizösdürmey turabızwe keep on not cultivating | sizösdürmey turasızyou all keep on not cultivating | alaösdürmey turadılathey keep on not cultivating |
| Progressive — double negation | menösdürmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not cultivating | senösdürmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not cultivating | olösdürmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not cultivating | bizösdürmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not cultivating | sizösdürmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not cultivating | alaösdürmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not cultivating |
| Progressive — double negation | menösdürmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not cultivating? | senösdürmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not cultivating? | olösdürmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not cultivating? | bizösdürmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not cultivating? | sizösdürmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not cultivating? | alaösdürmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not cultivating? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menösdürgen bolmazmaI can't have cultivated | senösdürgen bolmazsayou can't have cultivated | olösdürgen bolmazhe can't have cultivated | bizösdürgen bolmazbızwe can't have cultivated | sizösdürgen bolmazsızyou all can't have cultivated | alaösdürgen bolmazlathey can't have cultivated |
| Inference — double negation | menösdürmegen bolmazmaI must have cultivated (emphatic) | senösdürmegen bolmazsayou must have cultivated (emphatic) | olösdürmegen bolmazhe must have cultivated (emphatic) | bizösdürmegen bolmazbızwe must have cultivated (emphatic) | sizösdürmegen bolmazsızyou all must have cultivated (emphatic) | alaösdürmegen bolmazlathey must have cultivated (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menösdürgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had cultivated | senösdürgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had cultivated | olösdürgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had cultivated | bizösdürgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had cultivated | sizösdürgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had cultivated | alaösdürgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had cultivated |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menösdürmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't cultivated | senösdürmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't cultivated | olösdürmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't cultivated | bizösdürmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't cultivated | sizösdürmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't cultivated | alaösdürmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't cultivated |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menösdürlük bolmazmaI can't be going to cultivate | senösdürlük bolmazsayou can't be going to cultivate | olösdürlük bolmazhe can't be going to cultivate | bizösdürlük bolmazbızwe can't be going to cultivate | sizösdürlük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to cultivate | alaösdürlük bolmazlathey can't be going to cultivate |
| Inference, future — double negation | menösdürmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to cultivate (emphatic) | senösdürmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to cultivate (emphatic) | olösdürmezlik bolmazhe must be going to cultivate (emphatic) | bizösdürmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to cultivate (emphatic) | sizösdürmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to cultivate (emphatic) | alaösdürmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to cultivate (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menösdürlük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to cultivate | senösdürlük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to cultivate | olösdürlük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to cultivate | bizösdürlük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to cultivate | sizösdürlük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to cultivate | alaösdürlük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to cultivate |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menösdürmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to cultivate | senösdürmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to cultivate | olösdürmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to cultivate | bizösdürmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to cultivate | sizösdürmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to cultivate | alaösdürmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to cultivate |