ulu
/ulu/ · plural ulula
1. son
- anı üç ulu bardı — he has three sons
- meni ulum üyde joqdu — my son is not at home
- bek çomartdı anı kiçi ulu — his younger son is very generous
- ulu atasına uşaydı — the son takes after his father
2. son of; after a father's name, it forms a man's patronymic — Follows the father's name, as in Ahmat ulu or Hıysa ulu, in the same way as Russian patronymics in -ovich.
- Ahmat ulu — son of Akhmat
- Hıysa ulu — son of Khyisa
- Temirjan ulu — son of Temirdzhan
3. after a family name, it forms a man's surname — As in Qoban ulu or Teke ulu, in the same way as Russian surnames in -ov or -ev. adam ulu means mankind, or a human being.
- Qoban ulu — Kubanov
- Teke ulu — Tekeev
- Qoban ulu Ahmat — Akhmat Kubanov
- Quliy ulu Qaysın — Kaisyn Kuliev
Expressions
- adam ulu — humankind
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | uluthe son | ulummy son | uluŋyour son | ulusuhis son | ulubuzour son | uluğuzyou all's son | ulularıtheir sons |
| Genitive | ulunuthe son's | ulumumy son's | uluŋuyour son's | ulusunuhis son's | ulubuznuour son's | uluğuznuyou all's son's | ulularınıtheir sons' |
| Accusative | ulunuthe son (as the object) | ulumumy son (as the object) | uluŋuyour son (as the object) | ulusunhis son (as the object) | ulubuznuour son (as the object) | uluğuznuyou all's son (as the object) | ulularıntheir sons (as the object) |
| Dative | uluğato the son | ulumato my son | uluŋato your son | ulusunato his son | ulubuzğato our son | uluğuzğato you all's son | ulularınato their sons |
| Locative | uludain / at the son | ulumdain / at my son | uluŋdain / at your son | ulusundain / at his son | ulubuzdain / at our son | uluğuzdain / at you all's son | ulularındain / at their sons |
| Ablative | uludanfrom the son | ulumdanfrom my son | uluŋdanfrom your son | ulusundanfrom his son | ulubuzdanfrom our son | uluğuzdanfrom you all's son | ulularındanfrom their sons |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ululathe sons | ulularımmy sons | ulularıŋyour sons | ulularıhis sons | ulularıbızour sons | ulularığızyou all's sons | ulularıtheir sons |
| Genitive | ululanıthe sons' | ulularımımy sons' | ulularıŋıyour sons' | ulularınıhis sons' | ulularıbıznıour sons' | ulularığıznıyou all's sons' | ulularınıtheir sons' |
| Accusative | ululanıthe sons (as the object) | ulularımımy sons (as the object) | ulularıŋıyour sons (as the object) | ulularınhis sons (as the object) | ulularıbıznıour sons (as the object) | ulularığıznıyou all's sons (as the object) | ulularıntheir sons (as the object) |
| Dative | ululağato the sons | ulularımato my sons | ulularıŋato your sons | ulularınato his sons | ulularıbızğato our sons | ulularığızğato you all's sons | ulularınato their sons |
| Locative | ululadain / at the sons | ulularımdain / at my sons | ulularıŋdain / at your sons | ulularındain / at his sons | ulularıbızdain / at our sons | ulularığızdain / at you all's sons | ulularındain / at their sons |
| Ablative | ululadanfrom the sons | ulularımdanfrom my sons | ulularıŋdanfrom your sons | ulularındanfrom his sons | ulularıbızdanfrom our sons | ulularığızdanfrom you all's sons | ulularındanfrom their sons |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: uluları can mean "his / her sons", "their son", or "their sons" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ulunuquthe son's one | ulunuqulathe son's ones | ululanıqıthe sons' one | ululanıqılathe sons' ones |
| Genitive | ulunuqunuof the son's one | ulunuqulanıof the son's ones | ululanıqınıof the sons' one | ululanıqılanıof the sons' ones |
| Accusative | ulunuqunthe son's one (as the object) | ulunuqulanıthe son's ones (as the object) | ululanıqınthe sons' one (as the object) | ululanıqılanıthe sons' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | ulunuqunato the son's one | ulunuqulağato the son's ones | ululanıqınato the sons' one | ululanıqılağato the sons' ones |
| Locative | ulunuqundain / at the son's one | ulunuquladain / at the son's ones | ululanıqındain / at the sons' one | ululanıqıladain / at the sons' ones |
| Ablative | ulunuqundanfrom the son's one | ulunuquladanfrom the son's ones | ululanıqındanfrom the sons' one | ululanıqıladanfrom the sons' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.