Türk
/tyrk/ · plural Türkle
1. Turkic — türk til can mean either a Turkic language in general or Turkish in particular.
- Türk tille — Turkic languages
- Türk halqla — Turkic peoples
- Türk tilleden biridi — is one of the Turkic languages
- Türk halqla aralarında dostluq küçlüdü — friendship among Turkic peoples is strong
- Türk tarihin oqub — reading Turkic history
2. Turk — Also used more broadly for a member of the Turkic peoples. one source
- ol Türkdü — he is a Turk
- mında köb Türk jaşaydı — many Turks live here
- Türkle bla Qaraçaylıla — Turks and Karachays
- eski Türkle tawlada qala qurğandıla — ancient Turks built fortresses in the mountains
3. Turkish
- Türk patçah — the Turkish sultan
- Türk tişirıw — a Turkish woman
- Türk patçahnı suratı — a picture of the Turkish sultan
- Türk tilni üreneme — I am learning Turkish
- Türk şaharla ariwdula — Turkish cities are beautiful
- Türk elçisi salam keltirdi — the Turkish envoy brought greetings
4. Turkey — Written with a capital: Türk.
- men Türkge barğanma — I have been to Turkey
- Türkden kelgen qonaqla — guests who came from Turkey
- atam Türkden qaytdı — my father returned from Turkey
- Türkde köb şahar bardı — there are many cities in Turkey
- Türkden köçgen qart kişi — an old man who moved from Turkey
Expressions
- türk abejige barırğa — flounder desperately
As an adjective
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | TürkmeI am Turkic | Türkseyou are Turkic | Türkdühe is Turkic | Türkbüzwe are Turkic | Türksüzyou all are Turkic | Türkdülethey are Turkic |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden Türkdü — "compared to me, he is Turkic."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki Türkdümine is Turkic | seniki Türkdüyours is Turkic | anıqı Türkdühis is Turkic | bizniki Türkdüours is Turkic | sizniki Türkdüyours (pl.) is Turkic | alanıqı Türkdütheirs is Turkic |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile Türkdülemine are Turkic | senikile Türkdüleyours are Turkic | anıqıla Türkdülehis are Turkic | biznikile Türkdüleours are Turkic | siznikile Türkdüleyours (pl.) are Turkic | alanıqıla Türkdületheirs are Turkic |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu Türkdü, bıla Türkdüle. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Türkthe Turk | Türkümmy Turk | Türküŋyour Turk | Türkühis Turk | Türkübüzour Turk | Türkügüzyou all's Turk | Türkleritheir Turks |
| Genitive | Türknüthe Turk's | Türkümümy Turk's | Türküŋüyour Turk's | Türkünühis Turk's | Türkübüznüour Turk's | Türkügüznüyou all's Turk's | Türklerinitheir Turks' |
| Accusative | Türknüthe Turk (as the object) | Türkümümy Turk (as the object) | Türküŋüyour Turk (as the object) | Türkünhis Turk (as the object) | Türkübüznüour Turk (as the object) | Türkügüznüyou all's Turk (as the object) | Türklerintheir Turks (as the object) |
| Dative | Türkgeto the Turk | Türkümeto my Turk | Türküŋeto your Turk | Türküneto his Turk | Türkübüzgeto our Turk | Türkügüzgeto you all's Turk | Türklerineto their Turks |
| Locative | Türkdein / at the Turk | Türkümdein / at my Turk | Türküŋdein / at your Turk | Türkündein / at his Turk | Türkübüzdein / at our Turk | Türkügüzdein / at you all's Turk | Türklerindein / at their Turks |
| Ablative | Türkdenfrom the Turk | Türkümdenfrom my Turk | Türküŋdenfrom your Turk | Türkündenfrom his Turk | Türkübüzdenfrom our Turk | Türkügüzdenfrom you all's Turk | Türklerindenfrom their Turks |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Türklethe Turks | Türklerimmy Turks | Türkleriŋyour Turks | Türklerihis Turks | Türkleribizour Turks | Türklerigizyou all's Turks | Türkleritheir Turks |
| Genitive | Türklenithe Turks' | Türklerimimy Turks' | Türkleriŋiyour Turks' | Türklerinihis Turks' | Türkleribizniour Turks' | Türklerigizniyou all's Turks' | Türklerinitheir Turks' |
| Accusative | Türklenithe Turks (as the object) | Türklerimimy Turks (as the object) | Türkleriŋiyour Turks (as the object) | Türklerinhis Turks (as the object) | Türkleribizniour Turks (as the object) | Türklerigizniyou all's Turks (as the object) | Türklerintheir Turks (as the object) |
| Dative | Türklegeto the Turks | Türklerimeto my Turks | Türkleriŋeto your Turks | Türklerineto his Turks | Türkleribizgeto our Turks | Türklerigizgeto you all's Turks | Türklerineto their Turks |
| Locative | Türkledein / at the Turks | Türklerimdein / at my Turks | Türkleriŋdein / at your Turks | Türklerindein / at his Turks | Türkleribizdein / at our Turks | Türklerigizdein / at you all's Turks | Türklerindein / at their Turks |
| Ablative | Türkledenfrom the Turks | Türklerimdenfrom my Turks | Türkleriŋdenfrom your Turks | Türklerindenfrom his Turks | Türkleribizdenfrom our Turks | Türklerigizdenfrom you all's Turks | Türklerindenfrom their Turks |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: Türkleri can mean "his / her Turks", "their Turk", or "their Turks" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Türknüküthe Turk's one | Türknükülethe Turk's ones | Türklenikithe Turks' one | Türklenikilethe Turks' ones |
| Genitive | Türknükünüof the Turk's one | Türknüküleniof the Turk's ones | Türklenikiniof the Turks' one | Türklenikileniof the Turks' ones |
| Accusative | Türknükünthe Turk's one (as the object) | Türknükülenithe Turk's ones (as the object) | Türklenikinthe Turks' one (as the object) | Türklenikilenithe Turks' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | Türknüküneto the Turk's one | Türknükülegeto the Turk's ones | Türklenikineto the Turks' one | Türklenikilegeto the Turks' ones |
| Locative | Türknükündein / at the Turk's one | Türknüküledein / at the Turk's ones | Türklenikindein / at the Turks' one | Türklenikiledein / at the Turks' ones |
| Ablative | Türknükündenfrom the Turk's one | Türknüküledenfrom the Turk's ones | Türklenikindenfrom the Turks' one | Türklenikiledenfrom the Turks' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Türkthe Turkey | Türkümmy Turkey | Türküŋyour Turkey | Türkühis Turkey | Türkübüzour Turkey | Türkügüzyou all's Turkey | Türkleritheir Turkeys |
| Genitive | Türknüthe Turkey's | Türkümümy Turkey's | Türküŋüyour Turkey's | Türkünühis Turkey's | Türkübüznüour Turkey's | Türkügüznüyou all's Turkey's | Türklerinitheir Turkeys' |
| Accusative | Türknüthe Turkey (as the object) | Türkümümy Turkey (as the object) | Türküŋüyour Turkey (as the object) | Türkünhis Turkey (as the object) | Türkübüznüour Turkey (as the object) | Türkügüznüyou all's Turkey (as the object) | Türklerintheir Turkeys (as the object) |
| Dative | Türkgeto the Turkey | Türkümeto my Turkey | Türküŋeto your Turkey | Türküneto his Turkey | Türkübüzgeto our Turkey | Türkügüzgeto you all's Turkey | Türklerineto their Turkeys |
| Locative | Türkdein / at the Turkey | Türkümdein / at my Turkey | Türküŋdein / at your Turkey | Türkündein / at his Turkey | Türkübüzdein / at our Turkey | Türkügüzdein / at you all's Turkey | Türklerindein / at their Turkeys |
| Ablative | Türkdenfrom the Turkey | Türkümdenfrom my Turkey | Türküŋdenfrom your Turkey | Türkündenfrom his Turkey | Türkübüzdenfrom our Turkey | Türkügüzdenfrom you all's Turkey | Türklerindenfrom their Turkeys |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Türklethe Turkeys | Türklerimmy Turkeys | Türkleriŋyour Turkeys | Türklerihis Turkeys | Türkleribizour Turkeys | Türklerigizyou all's Turkeys | Türkleritheir Turkeys |
| Genitive | Türklenithe Turkeys' | Türklerimimy Turkeys' | Türkleriŋiyour Turkeys' | Türklerinihis Turkeys' | Türkleribizniour Turkeys' | Türklerigizniyou all's Turkeys' | Türklerinitheir Turkeys' |
| Accusative | Türklenithe Turkeys (as the object) | Türklerimimy Turkeys (as the object) | Türkleriŋiyour Turkeys (as the object) | Türklerinhis Turkeys (as the object) | Türkleribizniour Turkeys (as the object) | Türklerigizniyou all's Turkeys (as the object) | Türklerintheir Turkeys (as the object) |
| Dative | Türklegeto the Turkeys | Türklerimeto my Turkeys | Türkleriŋeto your Turkeys | Türklerineto his Turkeys | Türkleribizgeto our Turkeys | Türklerigizgeto you all's Turkeys | Türklerineto their Turkeys |
| Locative | Türkledein / at the Turkeys | Türklerimdein / at my Turkeys | Türkleriŋdein / at your Turkeys | Türklerindein / at his Turkeys | Türkleribizdein / at our Turkeys | Türklerigizdein / at you all's Turkeys | Türklerindein / at their Turkeys |
| Ablative | Türkledenfrom the Turkeys | Türklerimdenfrom my Turkeys | Türkleriŋdenfrom your Turkeys | Türklerindenfrom his Turkeys | Türkleribizdenfrom our Turkeys | Türklerigizdenfrom you all's Turkeys | Türklerindenfrom their Turkeys |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: Türkleri can mean "his / her Turkeys", "their Turkey", or "their Turkeys" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Türknüküthe Turkey's one | Türknükülethe Turkey's ones | Türklenikithe Turkeys' one | Türklenikilethe Turkeys' ones |
| Genitive | Türknükünüof the Turkey's one | Türknüküleniof the Turkey's ones | Türklenikiniof the Turkeys' one | Türklenikileniof the Turkeys' ones |
| Accusative | Türknükünthe Turkey's one (as the object) | Türknükülenithe Turkey's ones (as the object) | Türklenikinthe Turkeys' one (as the object) | Türklenikilenithe Turkeys' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | Türknüküneto the Turkey's one | Türknükülegeto the Turkey's ones | Türklenikineto the Turkeys' one | Türklenikilegeto the Turkeys' ones |
| Locative | Türknükündein / at the Turkey's one | Türknüküledein / at the Turkey's ones | Türklenikindein / at the Turkeys' one | Türklenikiledein / at the Turkeys' ones |
| Ablative | Türknükündenfrom the Turkey's one | Türknüküledenfrom the Turkey's ones | Türklenikindenfrom the Turkeys' one | Türklenikiledenfrom the Turkeys' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.