torğay
/torʁaj/ · plural torğayla
lark, skylark — Also called torğay çıpçıq.
- torğay kökde jırlaydı — the lark is singing in the sky
- torğaynı jırı — the song of the lark
- torğaylanı awazları — the voices of the larks
- torğaynı çokayı — the lark's crest
- jaŋız torğay jırlamaz — a lone lark will not sing
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | torğaythe lark | torğayımmy lark | torğayıŋyour lark | torğayıhis lark | torğayıbızour lark | torğayığızyou all's lark | torğaylarıtheir larks |
| Genitive | torğaynıthe lark's | torğayımımy lark's | torğayıŋıyour lark's | torğayınıhis lark's | torğayıbıznıour lark's | torğayığıznıyou all's lark's | torğaylarınıtheir larks' |
| Accusative | torğaynıthe lark (as the object) | torğayımımy lark (as the object) | torğayıŋıyour lark (as the object) | torğayınhis lark (as the object) | torğayıbıznıour lark (as the object) | torğayığıznıyou all's lark (as the object) | torğaylarıntheir larks (as the object) |
| Dative | torğayğato the lark | torğayımato my lark | torğayıŋato your lark | torğayınato his lark | torğayıbızğato our lark | torğayığızğato you all's lark | torğaylarınato their larks |
| Locative | torğaydain / at the lark | torğayımdain / at my lark | torğayıŋdain / at your lark | torğayındain / at his lark | torğayıbızdain / at our lark | torğayığızdain / at you all's lark | torğaylarındain / at their larks |
| Ablative | torğaydanfrom the lark | torğayımdanfrom my lark | torğayıŋdanfrom your lark | torğayındanfrom his lark | torğayıbızdanfrom our lark | torğayığızdanfrom you all's lark | torğaylarındanfrom their larks |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | torğaylathe larks | torğaylarımmy larks | torğaylarıŋyour larks | torğaylarıhis larks | torğaylarıbızour larks | torğaylarığızyou all's larks | torğaylarıtheir larks |
| Genitive | torğaylanıthe larks' | torğaylarımımy larks' | torğaylarıŋıyour larks' | torğaylarınıhis larks' | torğaylarıbıznıour larks' | torğaylarığıznıyou all's larks' | torğaylarınıtheir larks' |
| Accusative | torğaylanıthe larks (as the object) | torğaylarımımy larks (as the object) | torğaylarıŋıyour larks (as the object) | torğaylarınhis larks (as the object) | torğaylarıbıznıour larks (as the object) | torğaylarığıznıyou all's larks (as the object) | torğaylarıntheir larks (as the object) |
| Dative | torğaylağato the larks | torğaylarımato my larks | torğaylarıŋato your larks | torğaylarınato his larks | torğaylarıbızğato our larks | torğaylarığızğato you all's larks | torğaylarınato their larks |
| Locative | torğayladain / at the larks | torğaylarımdain / at my larks | torğaylarıŋdain / at your larks | torğaylarındain / at his larks | torğaylarıbızdain / at our larks | torğaylarığızdain / at you all's larks | torğaylarındain / at their larks |
| Ablative | torğayladanfrom the larks | torğaylarımdanfrom my larks | torğaylarıŋdanfrom your larks | torğaylarındanfrom his larks | torğaylarıbızdanfrom our larks | torğaylarığızdanfrom you all's larks | torğaylarındanfrom their larks |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: torğayları can mean "his / her larks", "their lark", or "their larks" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | torğaynıqıthe lark's one | torğaynıqılathe lark's ones | torğaylanıqıthe larks' one | torğaylanıqılathe larks' ones |
| Genitive | torğaynıqınıof the lark's one | torğaynıqılanıof the lark's ones | torğaylanıqınıof the larks' one | torğaylanıqılanıof the larks' ones |
| Accusative | torğaynıqınthe lark's one (as the object) | torğaynıqılanıthe lark's ones (as the object) | torğaylanıqınthe larks' one (as the object) | torğaylanıqılanıthe larks' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | torğaynıqınato the lark's one | torğaynıqılağato the lark's ones | torğaylanıqınato the larks' one | torğaylanıqılağato the larks' ones |
| Locative | torğaynıqındain / at the lark's one | torğaynıqıladain / at the lark's ones | torğaylanıqındain / at the larks' one | torğaylanıqıladain / at the larks' ones |
| Ablative | torğaynıqındanfrom the lark's one | torğaynıqıladanfrom the lark's ones | torğaylanıqındanfrom the larks' one | torğaylanıqıladanfrom the larks' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.