teşerge
/teʃerɡe/
1. take off, remove (clothing, shoes, a bandage) — kiyim teşerge also names the custom of giving the bride's clothes to the husband's female relatives after the wedding.
- kiyim teşerge — to take off clothes
- çuruq teşerge — to take off boots
- ol tonun teşdi — he took off his fur coat
- anı teşerge unamadı — he refused to take it off
- baylawnu teşerge — to take off the bandage
- sağatımı teşerge unutdum — I forgot to take off my watch
2. untie, undo, unfasten, detach
- tüyümçekni teşerge — to untie the knot
- jibni teşigiz — untie the rope
- atnı teşdi — he untied the horse
3. unbutton, undo (fastenings)
- tüymeni teşerge — to undo a button
- tüymelerin teşdi — he undid his buttons
- jağasın teşdi — he undid his collar
4. unswaddle (a baby)
- sabiyni teşerge — to unswaddle the baby
- anası sabiyni beşikden teşib aldı — the mother unswaddled the baby and took it out of the cradle
- sabiyni teşib juwdula — they unswaddled the baby and washed it
5. pierce, bore, drill, punch through
- oq qaŋanı teşgendi — the bullet went through the plank
- buruw bla teşerge — to bore with a drill
- miz bla teşerge — to pierce with an awl
- ütürgü bla teşerge — to chisel through with a chisel
- jerni teşerge — to drill into the ground
- buruw bla teşerge tüşe edi — one had to drill with a drill
6. break open, smash through (for example someone's head)
- birewnü başın teşerge — to break someone's head open
- başın teşib qoydu — he broke his head open
- urub teşerge — to smash through with a blow
7. wash out, erode (of water) one source
- suw jolnu teşdi — the water washed out the road
- suw jağanı teşgendi — the water has washed the bank away
- suw jerni teşedi — the water erodes the ground
8. make holes in, gnaw through, eat through
- çıçhan qapçıqnı teşgendi — the mouse has gnawed through the sack
- kemirib teşerge — to gnaw through
- çıçhan kiyimni teşgendi — the mouse has made holes in the clothes
- qurtla ağaçnı teşedile — the worms bore through the wood
9. break through, force a way through (of a shoot, of light through cloud) one source
- teşib öterge — to pass right through
- kün bulutlanı teşdi — the sun broke through the clouds
- bitim jerni teşib çıqdı — the plant forced its way up through the ground
Expressions
- kübe teşmegen — unmarried girl
- maŋılayın teşerge — pray constantly
- tüyümmek teşerge — cure a knotted gut
Conjugation
Common forms
- teşedihe is taking off
- teşdihe took off
- teşgendihe has taken off
- teşerhe will take off
- teşerikdihe is going to take off
- teşe edihe was taking off
- teşseif he takes off
- teş!take off!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menteşemeI am taking off | senteşeseyou are taking off | olteşedihe is taking off | bizteşebizwe are taking off | sizteşesizyou all are taking off | alateşedilethey are taking off |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menteşmeymeI am not taking off | senteşmeyseyou are not taking off | olteşmeydihe is not taking off | bizteşmeybizwe are not taking off | sizteşmeysizyou all are not taking off | alateşmeydilethey are not taking off |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menteşememi? teşemime?am I taking off? | senteşemise?are you taking off? | olteşemidi?is he taking off? | bizteşebizmi? teşemibiz?are we taking off? | sizteşemisiz?are you all taking off? | alateşemidile?are they taking off? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menteşmeymemi? teşmeymime?aren't I taking off? | senteşmeymise?aren't you taking off? | olteşmeymidi?isn't he taking off? | bizteşmeybizmi? teşmeymibiz?aren't we taking off? | sizteşmeymisiz?aren't you all taking off? | alateşmeymidile?aren't they taking off? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menteşiwçenmeI usually take off | senteşiwçenseyou usually take off | olteşiwçendihe usually takes off | bizteşiwçenbizwe usually take off | sizteşiwçensizyou all usually take off | alateşiwçendilethey usually take off |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menteşmewçenmeI usually don't take off | senteşmewçenseyou usually don't take off | olteşmewçendihe usually doesn't take off | bizteşmewçenbizwe usually don't take off | sizteşmewçensizyou all usually don't take off | alateşmewçendilethey usually don't take off |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menteşiwçenmemi? teşiwçenmime?do I usually take off? | senteşiwçenmise?do you usually take off? | olteşiwçenmidi?does he usually take off? | bizteşiwçenbizmi? teşiwçenmibiz?do we usually take off? | sizteşiwçenmisiz?do you all usually take off? | alateşiwçenmidile?do they usually take off? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menteşmewçenmemi? teşmewçenmime?do I usually not take off? | senteşmewçenmise?do you usually not take off? | olteşmewçenmidi?does he usually not take off? | bizteşmewçenbizmi? teşmewçenmibiz?do we usually not take off? | sizteşmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not take off? | alateşmewçenmidile?do they usually not take off? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olteşibdihe has taken off and remains so | alateşibdilethey have taken off and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olteşibmidi?has he taken off? | alateşibmidile?have they taken off? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menteşib turamaI keep taking off | senteşib turasayou keep taking off | olteşib turadıhe keeps taking off | bizteşib turabızwe keep taking off | sizteşib turasızyou all keep taking off | alateşib turadılathey keep taking off |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menteşib turmaymaI don't keep taking off | senteşib turmaysayou don't keep taking off | olteşib turmaydıhe doesn't keep taking off | bizteşib turmaybızwe don't keep taking off | sizteşib turmaysızyou all don't keep taking off | alateşib turmaydılathey don't keep taking off |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menteşib turamamı? teşib turamıma?do I keep taking off? | senteşib turamısa?do you keep taking off? | olteşib turamıdı?does he keep taking off? | bizteşib turabızmı? teşib turamıbız?do we keep taking off? | sizteşib turamısız?do you all keep taking off? | alateşib turamıdıla?do they keep taking off? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menteşib turmaymamı? teşib turmaymıma?don't I keep taking off? | senteşib turmaymısa?don't you keep taking off? | olteşib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep taking off? | bizteşib turmaybızmı? teşib turmaymıbız?don't we keep taking off? | sizteşib turmaymısız?don't you all keep taking off? | alateşib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep taking off? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menteşe turamaI am in the middle of taking off | senteşe turasayou are in the middle of taking off | olteşe turadıhe is in the middle of taking off | bizteşe turabızwe are in the middle of taking off | sizteşe turasızyou all are in the middle of taking off | alateşe turadılathey are in the middle of taking off |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menteşe turmaymaI am not in the middle of taking off | senteşe turmaysayou are not in the middle of taking off | olteşe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of taking off | bizteşe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of taking off | sizteşe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of taking off | alateşe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of taking off |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menteşe turamamı? teşe turamıma?am I in the middle of taking off? | senteşe turamısa?are you in the middle of taking off? | olteşe turamıdı?is he in the middle of taking off? | bizteşe turabızmı? teşe turamıbız?are we in the middle of taking off? | sizteşe turamısız?are you all in the middle of taking off? | alateşe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of taking off? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menteşe turmaymamı? teşe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of taking off? | senteşe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of taking off? | olteşe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of taking off? | bizteşe turmaybızmı? teşe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of taking off? | sizteşe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of taking off? | alateşe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of taking off? |
| Simple past (definite) | menteşdimI took off | senteşdiŋyou took off | olteşdihe took off | bizteşdikwe took off | sizteşdigizyou all took off | alateşdilethey took off |
| Simple past (definite) | menteşmedimI didn't take off | senteşmediŋyou didn't take off | olteşmedihe didn't take off | bizteşmedikwe didn't take off | sizteşmedigizyou all didn't take off | alateşmedilethey didn't take off |
| Simple past (definite) | menteşdimmi?did I take off? | senteşdiŋmi?did you take off? | olteşdimi?did he take off? | bizteşdikmi?did we take off? | sizteşdigizmi?did you all take off? | alateşdilemi?did they take off? |
| Simple past (definite) | menteşmedimmi?didn't I take off? | senteşmediŋmi?didn't you take off? | olteşmedimi?didn't he take off? | bizteşmedikmi?didn't we take off? | sizteşmedigizmi?didn't you all take off? | alateşmedilemi?didn't they take off? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menteşgenmeI have taken off | senteşgenseyou have taken off | olteşgendihe has taken off | bizteşgenbizwe have taken off | sizteşgensizyou all have taken off | alateşgendilethey have taken off |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menteşmegenmeI haven't taken off | senteşmegenseyou haven't taken off | olteşmegendihe hasn't taken off | bizteşmegenbizwe haven't taken off | sizteşmegensizyou all haven't taken off | alateşmegendilethey haven't taken off |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menteşgenmemi? teşgenmime?have I taken off? | senteşgenmise?have you taken off? | olteşgenmidi?has he taken off? | bizteşgenbizmi? teşgenmibiz?have we taken off? | sizteşgenmisiz?have you all taken off? | alateşgenmidile?have they taken off? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menteşmegenmemi? teşmegenmime?haven't I taken off? | senteşmegenmise?haven't you taken off? | olteşmegenmidi?hasn't he taken off? | bizteşmegenbizmi? teşmegenmibiz?haven't we taken off? | sizteşmegenmisiz?haven't you all taken off? | alateşmegenmidile?haven't they taken off? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menteşib turdumI kept taking off | senteşib turduŋyou kept taking off | olteşib turduhe kept taking off | bizteşib turduqwe kept taking off | sizteşib turduğuzyou all kept taking off | alateşib turdulathey kept taking off |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menteşib turmadımI didn't keep taking off | senteşib turmadıŋyou didn't keep taking off | olteşib turmadıhe didn't keep taking off | bizteşib turmadıqwe didn't keep taking off | sizteşib turmadığızyou all didn't keep taking off | alateşib turmadılathey didn't keep taking off |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menteşermeI will take off | senteşerseyou will take off | olteşerhe will take off | bizteşerbizwe will take off | sizteşersizyou all will take off | alateşerlethey will take off |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menteşmezmeI won't take off | senteşmezseyou won't take off | olteşmezhe won't take off | bizteşmezbizwe won't take off | sizteşmezsizyou all won't take off | alateşmezlethey won't take off |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menteşermemi? teşermime?will I take off? | senteşermise?will you take off? | olteşermi?will he take off? | bizteşerbizmi? teşermibiz?will we take off? | sizteşermisiz?will you all take off? | alateşerlemi? teşermile?will they take off? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menteşmezmemi? teşmezmime?won't I take off? | senteşmezmise?won't you take off? | olteşmezmi?won't he take off? | bizteşmezbizmi? teşmezmibiz?won't we take off? | sizteşmezmisiz?won't you all take off? | alateşmezlemi? teşmezmile?won't they take off? |
| Definite future (future II) | menteşerikmeI am going to take off | senteşerikseyou are going to take off | olteşerikdihe is going to take off | bizteşerikbizwe are going to take off | sizteşeriksizyou all are going to take off | alateşerikdilethey are going to take off |
| Definite future (future II) | menteşerik tülmeI am not going to take off | senteşerik tülseyou are not going to take off | olteşerik tüldühe is not going to take off | bizteşerik tülbüzwe are not going to take off | sizteşerik tülsüzyou all are not going to take off | alateşerik tüldülethey are not going to take off |
| Definite future (future II) | menteşerikmemi? teşerikmime?am I going to take off? | senteşerikmise?are you going to take off? | olteşerikmidi?is he going to take off? | bizteşerikbizmi? teşerikmibiz?are we going to take off? | sizteşerikmisiz?are you all going to take off? | alateşerikmidile?are they going to take off? |
| Definite future (future II) | menteşerik tülmüme?aren't I going to take off? | senteşerik tülmüse?aren't you going to take off? | olteşerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to take off? | bizteşerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to take off? | sizteşerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to take off? | alateşerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to take off? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menteşgen edimteşgenemI had taken off | senteşgen ediŋteşgeneŋyou had taken off | olteşgen editeşgenedhe had taken off | bizteşgen edikteşgenekwe had taken off | sizteşgen edigizteşgenegizyou all had taken off | alateşgen edileteşgenellethey had taken off |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menteşmegen edimteşmegenemI hadn't taken off | senteşmegen ediŋteşmegeneŋyou hadn't taken off | olteşmegen editeşmegenedhe hadn't taken off | bizteşmegen edikteşmegenekwe hadn't taken off | sizteşmegen edigizteşmegenegizyou all hadn't taken off | alateşmegen edileteşmegenellethey hadn't taken off |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menteşe edimteşemI was taking off | senteşe ediŋteşeŋyou were taking off | olteşe editeşedhe was taking off | bizteşe edikteşekwe were taking off | sizteşe edigizteşegizyou all were taking off | alateşe edileteşellethey were taking off |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menteşmey edimteşmeyemI wasn't taking off | senteşmey ediŋteşmeyeŋyou weren't taking off | olteşmey editeşmeyedhe wasn't taking off | bizteşmey edikteşmeyekwe weren't taking off | sizteşmey edigizteşmeyegizyou all weren't taking off | alateşmey edileteşmeyellethey weren't taking off |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menteşiwçen edimteşiwçenemI used to take off | senteşiwçen ediŋteşiwçeneŋyou used to take off | olteşiwçen editeşiwçenedhe used to take off | bizteşiwçen edikteşiwçenekwe used to take off | sizteşiwçen edigizteşiwçenegizyou all used to take off | alateşiwçen edileteşiwçenellethey used to take off |
| Habitual past (used to) | menteşmewçen edimteşmewçenemI didn't use to take off | senteşmewçen ediŋteşmewçeneŋyou didn't use to take off | olteşmewçen editeşmewçenedhe didn't use to take off | bizteşmewçen edikteşmewçenekwe didn't use to take off | sizteşmewçen edigizteşmewçenegizyou all didn't use to take off | alateşmewçen edileteşmewçenellethey didn't use to take off |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olteşib edihe had taken off and remained so | alateşib edilethey had taken off and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olteşib tül edihe hadn't taken off | alateşib tül edilethey hadn't taken off | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menteşib tura edimteşib turaemI had kept taking off | senteşib tura ediŋteşib turaeŋyou had kept taking off | olteşib tura editeşib turaedhe had kept taking off | bizteşib tura edikteşib turaekwe had kept taking off | sizteşib tura edigizteşib turaegizyou all had kept taking off | alateşib tura edileteşib turaellethey had kept taking off |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menteşib turmay edimteşib turmayemI hadn't kept taking off | senteşib turmay ediŋteşib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept taking off | olteşib turmay editeşib turmayedhe hadn't kept taking off | bizteşib turmay edikteşib turmayekwe hadn't kept taking off | sizteşib turmay edigizteşib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept taking off | alateşib turmay edileteşib turmayellethey hadn't kept taking off |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menteşe tura edimteşe turaemI was in the middle of taking off | senteşe tura ediŋteşe turaeŋyou were in the middle of taking off | olteşe tura editeşe turaedhe was in the middle of taking off | bizteşe tura edikteşe turaekwe were in the middle of taking off | sizteşe tura edigizteşe turaegizyou all were in the middle of taking off | alateşe tura edileteşe turaellethey were in the middle of taking off |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menteşe turmay edimteşe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of taking off | senteşe turmay ediŋteşe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of taking off | olteşe turmay editeşe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of taking off | bizteşe turmay edikteşe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of taking off | sizteşe turmay edigizteşe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of taking off | alateşe turmay edileteşe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of taking off |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menteşer edimteşer emI would take off | senteşer ediŋteşer eŋyou would take off | olteşer editeşer edhe would take off | bizteşer edikteşer ekwe would take off | sizteşer edigizteşer egizyou all would take off | alateşer edileteşer ellethey would take off |
| Conditional result (would) | menteşmez edimteşmez emI wouldn't take off | senteşmez ediŋteşmez eŋyou wouldn't take off | olteşmez editeşmez edhe wouldn't take off | bizteşmez edikteşmez ekwe wouldn't take off | sizteşmez edigizteşmez egizyou all wouldn't take off | alateşmez edileteşmez ellethey wouldn't take off |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menteşerik edimteşerik emI would have taken off | senteşerik ediŋteşerik eŋyou would have taken off | olteşerik editeşerik edhe would have taken off | bizteşerik edikteşerik ekwe would have taken off | sizteşerik edigizteşerik egizyou all would have taken off | alateşerik edileteşerik ellethey would have taken off |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menteşerik tül edimteşerik tül emI wouldn't have taken off | senteşerik tül ediŋteşerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have taken off | olteşerik tül editeşerik tül edhe wouldn't have taken off | bizteşerik tül edikteşerik tül ekwe wouldn't have taken off | sizteşerik tül edigizteşerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have taken off | alateşerik tül edileteşerik tül ellethey wouldn't have taken off |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menteşsemif I take off | senteşseŋif you take off | olteşseif he takes off | bizteşsekif we take off | sizteşsegizif you all take off | alateşseleif they take off |
| Conditional | menteşmesemif I don't take off | senteşmeseŋif you don't take off | olteşmeseif he doesn't take off | bizteşmesekif we don't take off | sizteşmesegizif you all don't take off | alateşmeseleif they don't take off |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menteşe esemif I am taking off | senteşe eseŋif you are taking off | olteşe eseif he is taking off | bizteşe esekif we are taking off | sizteşe esegizif you all are taking off | alateşe eseleif they are taking off |
| Conditional, present real | menteşmey esemif I am not taking off | senteşmey eseŋif you are not taking off | olteşmey eseif he is not taking off | bizteşmey esekif we are not taking off | sizteşmey esegizif you all are not taking off | alateşmey eseleif they are not taking off |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menteşsem editeşsem edif only I took off | senteşseŋ editeşseŋ edif only you took off | olteşse editeşsedif only he took off | bizteşsek editeşsek edif only we took off | sizteşsegiz editeşsegiz edif only you all took off | alateşsele editeşseledif only they took off |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menteşmesem editeşmesem edif only I didn't take off | senteşmeseŋ editeşmeseŋ edif only you didn't take off | olteşmese editeşmesedif only he didn't take off | bizteşmesek editeşmesek edif only we didn't take off | sizteşmesegiz editeşmesegiz edif only you all didn't take off | alateşmesele editeşmeseledif only they didn't take off |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menteşib tursamif I carry on taking off | senteşib tursaŋif you carry on taking off | olteşib tursaif he carries on taking off | bizteşib tursaqif we carry on taking off | sizteşib tursağızif you all carry on taking off | alateşib tursalaif they carry on taking off |
| Durative conditional | menteşib turmasamif I don't carry on taking off | senteşib turmasaŋif you don't carry on taking off | olteşib turmasaif he doesn't carry on taking off | bizteşib turmasaqif we don't carry on taking off | sizteşib turmasağızif you all don't carry on taking off | alateşib turmasalaif they don't carry on taking off |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menteşib tura esemif I have kept taking off | senteşib tura eseŋif you have kept taking off | olteşib tura eseif he has kept taking off | bizteşib tura esekif we have kept taking off | sizteşib tura esegizif you all have kept taking off | alateşib tura eseleif they have kept taking off |
| Durative conditional, present real | menteşib turmay esemif I haven't kept taking off | senteşib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept taking off | olteşib turmay eseif he hasn't kept taking off | bizteşib turmay esekif we haven't kept taking off | sizteşib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept taking off | alateşib turmay eseleif they haven't kept taking off |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menteşe tursamif I keep taking off | senteşe tursaŋif you keep taking off | olteşe tursaif he keeps taking off | bizteşe tursaqif we keep taking off | sizteşe tursağızif you all keep taking off | alateşe tursalaif they keep taking off |
| Progressive conditional | menteşmey tursamif I keep on not taking off | senteşmey tursaŋif you keep on not taking off | olteşmey tursaif he keeps on not taking off | bizteşmey tursaqif we keep on not taking off | sizteşmey tursağızif you all keep on not taking off | alateşmey tursalaif they keep on not taking off |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menteşe tura esemif I am in the middle of taking off | senteşe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of taking off | olteşe tura eseif he is in the middle of taking off | bizteşe tura esekif we are in the middle of taking off | sizteşe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of taking off | alateşe tura eseleif they are in the middle of taking off |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menteşmey tura esemif I keep on not taking off | senteşmey tura eseŋif you keep on not taking off | olteşmey tura eseif he keeps on not taking off | bizteşmey tura esekif we keep on not taking off | sizteşmey tura esegizif you all keep on not taking off | alateşmey tura eseleif they keep on not taking off |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menteşdim esemif I took off | senteşdiŋ eseŋif you took off | olteşdi eseif he took off | bizteşdik esekif we took off | sizteşdigiz esegizif you all took off | alateşdile eseleif they took off |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menteşmedim esemif I didn't take off | senteşmediŋ eseŋif you didn't take off | olteşmedi eseif he didn't take off | bizteşmedik esekif we didn't take off | sizteşmedigiz esegizif you all didn't take off | alateşmedile eseleif they didn't take off |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menteşgen esemif I did take off (indeed) | senteşgen eseŋif you did take off (indeed) | olteşgen eseif he did take off (indeed) | bizteşgen esekif we did take off (indeed) | sizteşgen esegizif you all did take off (indeed) | alateşgen eseleif they did take off (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menteşmegen esemif I didn't take off (indeed) | senteşmegen eseŋif you didn't take off (indeed) | olteşmegen eseif he didn't take off (indeed) | bizteşmegen esekif we didn't take off (indeed) | sizteşmegen esegizif you all didn't take off (indeed) | alateşmegen eseleif they didn't take off (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menteşgen bolsamif I had taken off | senteşgen bolsaŋif you had taken off | olteşgen bolsaif he had taken off | bizteşgen bolsaqif we had taken off | sizteşgen bolsağızif you all had taken off | alateşgen bolsalaif they had taken off |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menteşmegen bolsamif I hadn't taken off | senteşmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't taken off | olteşmegen bolsaif he hadn't taken off | bizteşmegen bolsaqif we hadn't taken off | sizteşmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't taken off | alateşmegen bolsalaif they hadn't taken off |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menteşgen bolsam editeşgen bolsam edif only I had taken off | senteşgen bolsaŋ editeşgen bolsaŋ edif only you had taken off | olteşgen bolsa editeşgen bolsaedif only he had taken off | bizteşgen bolsaq editeşgen bolsaq edif only we had taken off | sizteşgen bolsağız editeşgen bolsağız edif only you all had taken off | alateşgen bolsala editeşgen bolsalaedif only they had taken off |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menteşmegen bolsam editeşmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't taken off | senteşmegen bolsaŋ editeşmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't taken off | olteşmegen bolsa editeşmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't taken off | bizteşmegen bolsaq editeşmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't taken off | sizteşmegen bolsağız editeşmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't taken off | alateşmegen bolsala editeşmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't taken off |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menteşer esemif I will take off | senteşer eseŋif you will take off | olteşer eseif he will take off | bizteşer esekif we will take off | sizteşer esegizif you all will take off | alateşer eseleif they will take off |
| Conditional, aorist | menteşmez esemif I won't take off | senteşmez eseŋif you won't take off | olteşmez eseif he won't take off | bizteşmez esekif we won't take off | sizteşmez esegizif you all won't take off | alateşmez eseleif they won't take off |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menteşerik esemif I am going to take off | senteşerik eseŋif you are going to take off | olteşerik eseif he is going to take off | bizteşerik esekif we are going to take off | sizteşerik esegizif you all are going to take off | alateşerik eseleif they are going to take off |
| Conditional, future | menteşerik tül esemif I am not going to take off | senteşerik tül eseŋif you are not going to take off | olteşerik tül eseif he is not going to take off | bizteşerik tül esekif we are not going to take off | sizteşerik tül esegizif you all are not going to take off | alateşerik tül eseleif they are not going to take off |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menteşerik bolsamif I were going to take off | senteşerik bolsaŋif you were going to take off | olteşerik bolsaif he were going to take off | bizteşerik bolsaqif we were going to take off | sizteşerik bolsağızif you all were going to take off | alateşerik bolsalaif they were going to take off |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menteşmezlik bolsamif I were not going to take off | senteşmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to take off | olteşmezlik bolsaif he were not going to take off | bizteşmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to take off | sizteşmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to take off | alateşmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to take off |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso teşdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menteşe bolurmaI must be taking off | senteşe bolursayou must be taking off | olteşe bolurhe must be taking off | bizteşe bolurbuzwe must be taking off | sizteşe bolursuzyou all must be taking off | alateşe bolurlathey must be taking off |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menteşmey bolurmaI must not be taking off | senteşmey bolursayou must not be taking off | olteşmey bolurhe must not be taking off | bizteşmey bolurbuzwe must not be taking off | sizteşmey bolursuzyou all must not be taking off | alateşmey bolurlathey must not be taking off |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menteşe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of taking off | senteşe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of taking off | olteşe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of taking off | bizteşe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of taking off | sizteşe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of taking off | alateşe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of taking off |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menteşmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not taking off | senteşmey tura bolursayou must keep on not taking off | olteşmey tura bolurhe must keep on not taking off | bizteşmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not taking off | sizteşmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not taking off | alateşmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not taking off |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menteşgen bolurmaI must have taken off | senteşgen bolursayou must have taken off | olteşgen bolurhe must have taken off | bizteşgen bolurbuzwe must have taken off | sizteşgen bolursuzyou all must have taken off | alateşgen bolurlathey must have taken off |
| Inference (must have) | menteşmegen bolurmaI must not have taken off | senteşmegen bolursayou must not have taken off | olteşmegen bolurhe must not have taken off | bizteşmegen bolurbuzwe must not have taken off | sizteşmegen bolursuzyou all must not have taken off | alateşmegen bolurlathey must not have taken off |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menteşerik bolurmaI must be going to take off | senteşerik bolursayou must be going to take off | olteşerik bolurhe must be going to take off | bizteşerik bolurbuzwe must be going to take off | sizteşerik bolursuzyou all must be going to take off | alateşerik bolurlathey must be going to take off |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menteşmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to take off | senteşmezlik bolursayou must not be going to take off | olteşmezlik bolurhe must not be going to take off | bizteşmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to take off | sizteşmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to take off | alateşmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to take off |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menteşeyimlet me take off | senteş!take off! | olteşsinlet him take off | bizteşeyiklet's take off | sizteşigiz!take off, you all! | alateşsinlelet them take off |
| Commands & suggestions | menteşmeyimlet me not take off | senteşme!don't take off! | olteşmesinlet him not take off | bizteşmeyiklet's not take off | sizteşmegiz!don't take off, you all! | alateşmesinlelet them not take off |
| Commands & suggestions | menteşeyimmi?shall I take off? | olteşsinmi?should he take off? | bizteşeyikmi?shall we take off? | alateşsinlemi?should they take off? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menteşmeyimmi?shall I not take off? | olteşmesinmi?should he not take off? | bizteşmeyikmi?shall we not take off? | alateşmesinlemi?should they not take off? | ||
| Requests | senteşçi2teşçinplease take off | olteşsinçido let him take off | sizteşçigizplease take off (plural/polite) | alateşsinleçido let them take off | ||
| Requests | senteşmeçi2teşmeçinplease don't take off | olteşmesinçido let him not take off | sizteşmeçigizplease don't take off (plural/polite) | alateşmesinleçido let them not take off | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senteşginteşgimay you take off | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senteşmeginteşmegimay you not take off | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menteşgey edim teşge edimwould that I took off | senteşgey ediŋ teşge ediŋwould that you took off | olteşgey edi teşge ediwould that he took off | bizteşgey edik teşge edikwould that we took off | sizteşgey edigiz teşge edigizwould that you all took off | alateşgey edile teşge edilewould that they took off |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menteşmegey edim teşmege edimwould that I did not take off | senteşmegey ediŋ teşmege ediŋwould that you did not take off | olteşmegey edi teşmege ediwould that he did not take off | bizteşmegey edik teşmege edikwould that we did not take off | sizteşmegey edigiz teşmege edigizwould that you all did not take off | alateşmegey edile teşmege edilewould that they did not take off |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menteşmege qoyayımteşme qoyayımlet me allow someone to take off | senteşmege qoy!teşme qoy!let someone take off! | olteşmege qoysunteşme qoysunlet him allow someone to take off | bizteşmege qoyayıqteşme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to take off | sizteşmege qoyuğuz!teşme qoyuğuz!let someone take off, you all! | alateşmege qoysunlateşme qoysunlalet them allow someone to take off |
| Let someone… (commands) | menteşmege qoymayımteşme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to take off | senteşmege qoyma!teşme qoyma!don't let someone take off! | olteşmege qoymasınteşme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to take off | bizteşmege qoymayıqteşme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to take off | sizteşmege qoymağız!teşme qoymağız!don't let someone take off, you all! | alateşmege qoymasınlateşme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to take off |
| Let someone… (commands) | menteşmege qoyayımmı?teşme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to take off? | olteşmege qoysunmu?teşme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to take off? | bizteşmege qoyayıqmı?teşme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to take off? | alateşmege qoysunlamı?teşme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to take off? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menteşmege qoymayımmı?teşme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to take off? | olteşmege qoymasınmı?teşme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to take off? | bizteşmege qoymayıqmı?teşme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to take off? | alateşmege qoymasınlamı?teşme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to take off? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menteşmege qoyamateşme qoyamaI allow someone to take off | senteşmege qoyasateşme qoyasayou allow someone to take off | olteşmege qoyadıteşme qoyadıhe allows someone to take off | bizteşmege qoyabızteşme qoyabızwe allow someone to take off | sizteşmege qoyasızteşme qoyasızyou all allow someone to take off | alateşmege qoyadılateşme qoyadılathey allow someone to take off |
| Let someone… (present) | menteşmege qoymaymateşme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to take off | senteşmege qoymaysateşme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to take off | olteşmege qoymaydıteşme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to take off | bizteşmege qoymaybızteşme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to take off | sizteşmege qoymaysızteşme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to take off | alateşmege qoymaydılateşme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to take off |
| Let someone… (present) | menteşmege qoyamamı?teşme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to take off? | senteşmege qoyamısa?teşme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to take off? | olteşmege qoyamıdı?teşme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to take off? | bizteşmege qoyabızmı?teşme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to take off? | sizteşmege qoyamısız?teşme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to take off? | alateşmege qoyamıdıla?teşme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to take off? |
| Let someone… (present) | menteşmege qoymaymamı?teşme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to take off? | senteşmege qoymaymısa?teşme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to take off? | olteşmege qoymaymıdı?teşme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to take off? | bizteşmege qoymaybızmı?teşme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to take off? | sizteşmege qoymaymısız?teşme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to take off? | alateşmege qoymaymıdıla?teşme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to take off? |
| Let someone… (past) | menteşmege qoydumteşme qoydumI allowed someone to take off | senteşmege qoyduŋteşme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to take off | olteşmege qoyduteşme qoyduhe allowed someone to take off | bizteşmege qoyduqteşme qoyduqwe allowed someone to take off | sizteşmege qoyduğuzteşme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to take off | alateşmege qoydulateşme qoydulathey allowed someone to take off |
| Let someone… (past) | menteşmege qoymadımteşme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to take off | senteşmege qoymadıŋteşme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to take off | olteşmege qoymadıteşme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to take off | bizteşmege qoymadıqteşme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to take off | sizteşmege qoymadığızteşme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to take off | alateşmege qoymadılateşme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to take off |
| Let someone… (past) | menteşmege qoydummu?teşme qoydummu?did I allow someone to take off? | senteşmege qoyduŋmu?teşme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to take off? | olteşmege qoydumu?teşme qoydumu?did he allow someone to take off? | bizteşmege qoyduqmu?teşme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to take off? | sizteşmege qoyduğuzmu?teşme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to take off? | alateşmege qoydulamı?teşme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to take off? |
| Let someone… (past) | menteşmege qoymadımmı?teşme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to take off? | senteşmege qoymadıŋmı?teşme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to take off? | olteşmege qoymadımı?teşme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to take off? | bizteşmege qoymadıqmı?teşme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to take off? | sizteşmege qoymadığızmı?teşme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to take off? | alateşmege qoymadılamı?teşme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to take off? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
teşalırğa be able to take off · teşalmazğa be unable to take off
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menteşalamaI can take off | senteşalasayou can take off | olteşaladıhe can take off | bizteşalabızwe can take off | sizteşalasızyou all can take off | alateşaladılathey can take off |
| Ability — present | menteşalmaymaI can't take off | senteşalmaysayou can't take off | olteşalmaydıhe can't take off | bizteşalmaybızwe can't take off | sizteşalmaysızyou all can't take off | alateşalmaydılathey can't take off |
| Ability — present | menteşalamamı? teşalamıma?can I take off? | senteşalamısa?can you take off? | olteşalamıdı?can he take off? | bizteşalabızmı? teşalamıbız?can we take off? | sizteşalamısız?can you all take off? | alateşalamıdıla?can they take off? |
| Ability — present | menteşalmaymamı? teşalmaymıma?can't I take off? | senteşalmaymısa?can't you take off? | olteşalmaymıdı?can't he take off? | bizteşalmaybızmı? teşalmaymıbız?can't we take off? | sizteşalmaymısız?can't you all take off? | alateşalmaymıdıla?can't they take off? |
| Ability — if I can… | menteşalsamif I can take off | senteşalsaŋif you can take off | olteşalsaif he can take off | bizteşalsaqif we can take off | sizteşalsağızif you all can take off | alateşalsalaif they can take off |
| Ability — if I can… | menteşalmasamif I can't take off | senteşalmasaŋif you can't take off | olteşalmasaif he can't take off | bizteşalmasaqif we can't take off | sizteşalmasağızif you all can't take off | alateşalmasalaif they can't take off |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menteşaldımI was able to take off | senteşaldıŋyou were able to take off | olteşaldıhe was able to take off | bizteşaldıqwe were able to take off | sizteşaldığızyou all were able to take off | alateşaldılathey were able to take off |
| Ability — simple past | menteşalmadımI could not take off | senteşalmadıŋyou could not take off | olteşalmadıhe could not take off | bizteşalmadıqwe could not take off | sizteşalmadığızyou all could not take off | alateşalmadılathey could not take off |
| Ability — simple past | menteşaldımmı?was I able to take off? | senteşaldıŋmı?were you able to take off? | olteşaldımı?was he able to take off? | bizteşaldıqmı?were we able to take off? | sizteşaldığızmı?were you all able to take off? | alateşaldılamı?were they able to take off? |
| Ability — simple past | menteşalmadımmı?couldn't I take off? | senteşalmadıŋmı?couldn't you take off? | olteşalmadımı?couldn't he take off? | bizteşalmadıqmı?couldn't we take off? | sizteşalmadığızmı?couldn't you all take off? | alateşalmadılamı?couldn't they take off? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menteşalğanmaI have been able to take off | senteşalğansayou have been able to take off | olteşalğandıhe has been able to take off | bizteşalğanbızwe have been able to take off | sizteşalğansızyou all have been able to take off | alateşalğandılathey have been able to take off |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menteşalmağanmaI haven't been able to take off | senteşalmağansayou haven't been able to take off | olteşalmağandıhe hasn't been able to take off | bizteşalmağanbızwe haven't been able to take off | sizteşalmağansızyou all haven't been able to take off | alateşalmağandılathey haven't been able to take off |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menteşalğanmamı? teşalğanmıma?have I been able to take off? | senteşalğanmısa?have you been able to take off? | olteşalğanmıdı?has he been able to take off? | bizteşalğanbızmı? teşalğanmıbız?have we been able to take off? | sizteşalğanmısız?have you all been able to take off? | alateşalğanmıdıla?have they been able to take off? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menteşalmağanmamı? teşalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to take off? | senteşalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to take off? | olteşalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to take off? | bizteşalmağanbızmı? teşalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to take off? | sizteşalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to take off? | alateşalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to take off? |
| Ability — past perfect | menteşalğan edimteşalğanemI had been able to take off | senteşalğan ediŋteşalğaneŋyou had been able to take off | olteşalğan editeşalğanedhe had been able to take off | bizteşalğan edikteşalğanekwe had been able to take off | sizteşalğan edigizteşalğanegizyou all had been able to take off | alateşalğan edileteşalğanellethey had been able to take off |
| Ability — past perfect | menteşalmağan edimteşalmağanemI hadn't been able to take off | senteşalmağan ediŋteşalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to take off | olteşalmağan editeşalmağanedhe hadn't been able to take off | bizteşalmağan edikteşalmağanekwe hadn't been able to take off | sizteşalmağan edigizteşalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to take off | alateşalmağan edileteşalmağanellethey hadn't been able to take off |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menteşala edimteşalaemI could take off | senteşala ediŋteşalaeŋyou could take off | olteşala editeşalaedhe could take off | bizteşala edikteşalaekwe could take off | sizteşala edigizteşalaegizyou all could take off | alateşala edileteşalaellethey could take off |
| Ability — past background | menteşalmay edimteşalmayemI could not take off | senteşalmay ediŋteşalmayeŋyou could not take off | olteşalmay editeşalmayedhe could not take off | bizteşalmay edikteşalmayekwe could not take off | sizteşalmay edigizteşalmayegizyou all could not take off | alateşalmay edileteşalmayellethey could not take off |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menteşalırmaI will be able to take off | senteşalırsayou will be able to take off | olteşalırhe will be able to take off | bizteşalırbızwe will be able to take off | sizteşalırsızyou all will be able to take off | alateşalırlathey will be able to take off |
| Ability — future I | menteşalmazmaI won't be able to take off | senteşalmazsayou won't be able to take off | olteşalmazhe won't be able to take off | bizteşalmazbızwe won't be able to take off | sizteşalmazsızyou all won't be able to take off | alateşalmazlathey won't be able to take off |
| Ability — future I | menteşalırmamı? teşalırmıma?will I be able to take off? | senteşalırmısa?will you be able to take off? | olteşalırmı?will he be able to take off? | bizteşalırbızmı? teşalırmıbız?will we be able to take off? | sizteşalırmısız?will you all be able to take off? | alateşalırlamı? teşalırmıla?will they be able to take off? |
| Ability — future I | menteşalmazmamı? teşalmazmıma?won't I be able to take off? | senteşalmazmısa?won't you be able to take off? | olteşalmazmı?won't he be able to take off? | bizteşalmazbızmı? teşalmazmıbız?won't we be able to take off? | sizteşalmazmısız?won't you all be able to take off? | alateşalmazlamı? teşalmazmıla?won't they be able to take off? |
| Ability — future II | menteşallıqmaI am going to be able to take off | senteşallıqsayou are going to be able to take off | olteşallıqdıhe is going to be able to take off | bizteşallıqbızwe are going to be able to take off | sizteşallıqsızyou all are going to be able to take off | alateşallıqdılathey are going to be able to take off |
| Ability — future II | menteşallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to take off | senteşallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to take off | olteşallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to take off | bizteşallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to take off | sizteşallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to take off | alateşallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to take off |
| Ability — future II | menteşallıqmamı? teşallıqmıma?am I going to be able to take off? | senteşallıqmısa?are you going to be able to take off? | olteşallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to take off? | bizteşallıqbızmı? teşallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to take off? | sizteşallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to take off? | alateşallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to take off? |
| Ability — future II | menteşallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to take off? | senteşallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to take off? | olteşallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to take off? | bizteşallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to take off? | sizteşallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to take off? | alateşallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to take off? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menteşalır edimteşalır emI would be able to take off | senteşalır ediŋteşalır eŋyou would be able to take off | olteşalır editeşalır edhe would be able to take off | bizteşalır edikteşalır ekwe would be able to take off | sizteşalır edigizteşalır egizyou all would be able to take off | alateşalır edileteşalır ellethey would be able to take off |
| Ability — would be able to… | menteşalmaz edimteşalmaz emI wouldn't be able to take off | senteşalmaz ediŋteşalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to take off | olteşalmaz editeşalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to take off | bizteşalmaz edikteşalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to take off | sizteşalmaz edigizteşalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to take off | alateşalmaz edileteşalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to take off |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senteşalğınteşalğımay you be able to take off | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senteşalmağınteşalmağımay you not be able to take off | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menteşerge izleymeI want to take off | senteşerge izleyseyou want to take off | olteşerge izleydihe wants to take off | bizteşerge izleybizwe want to take off | sizteşerge izleysizyou all want to take off | alateşerge izleydilethey want to take off |
| want to | menteşerge izlemeymeI do not want to take off | senteşerge izlemeyseyou do not want to take off | olteşerge izlemeydihe does not want to take off | bizteşerge izlemeybizwe do not want to take off | sizteşerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to take off | alateşerge izlemeydilethey do not want to take off |
| would like to | menteşerge süemeI would like to take off | senteşerge süeseyou would like to take off | olteşerge süedihe would like to take off | bizteşerge süebizwe would like to take off | sizteşerge süesizyou all would like to take off | alateşerge süedilethey would like to take off |
| would like to | menteşerge süymeymeI would not like to take off | senteşerge süymeyseyou would not like to take off | olteşerge süymeydihe would not like to take off | bizteşerge süymeybizwe would not like to take off | sizteşerge süymeysizyou all would not like to take off | alateşerge süymeydilethey would not like to take off |
| hope to | menteşerge umutlanamaI hope to take off | senteşerge umutlanasayou hope to take off | olteşerge umutlanadıhe hopes to take off | bizteşerge umutlanabızwe hope to take off | sizteşerge umutlanasızyou all hope to take off | alateşerge umutlanadılathey hope to take off |
| hope to | menteşerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to take off | senteşerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to take off | olteşerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to take off | bizteşerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to take off | sizteşerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to take off | alateşerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to take off |
| be about to | menteşerge deb turamaI am about to take off | senteşerge deb turasayou are about to take off | olteşerge deb turadıhe is about to take off | bizteşerge deb turabızwe are about to take off | sizteşerge deb turasızyou all are about to take off | alateşerge deb turadılathey are about to take off |
| be about to | menteşerge deb turmaymaI am not about to take off | senteşerge deb turmaysayou are not about to take off | olteşerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to take off | bizteşerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to take off | sizteşerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to take off | alateşerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to take off |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menteşerge kerekmeI need to take off | senteşerge kerekseyou need to take off | olteşerge kerekdihe needs to take off | bizteşerge kerekbizwe need to take off | sizteşerge kereksizyou all need to take off | alateşerge kerekdilethey need to take off |
| need to | menteşerge kerek tülmeI do not need to take off | senteşerge kerek tülseyou do not need to take off | olteşerge kerek tüldühe does not need to take off | bizteşerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to take off | sizteşerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to take off | alateşerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to take off |
| have to | menmenŋe teşerge tüşediI have to take off | sensenŋe teşerge tüşediyou have to take off | olaŋa teşerge tüşedihe has to take off | bizbizge teşerge tüşediwe have to take off | sizsizge teşerge tüşediyou all have to take off | alaalağa teşerge tüşedithey have to take off |
| have to | menmenŋe teşerge tüşmeydiI do not have to take off | sensenŋe teşerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to take off | olaŋa teşerge tüşmeydihe does not have to take off | bizbizge teşerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to take off | sizsizge teşerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to take off | alaalağa teşerge tüşmeydithey do not have to take off |
| be obliged to | menteşerge borçlumaI am obliged to take off | senteşerge borçlusayou are obliged to take off | olteşerge borçluduhe is obliged to take off | bizteşerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to take off | sizteşerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to take off | alateşerge borçludulathey are obliged to take off |
| be obliged to | menteşerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to take off | senteşerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to take off | olteşerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to take off | bizteşerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to take off | sizteşerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to take off | alateşerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to take off |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menteşerge madarım bardıI have a way to take off | senteşerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to take off | olteşerge madarı bardıhe has a way to take off | bizteşerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to take off | sizteşerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to take off | alateşerge madarları bardıthey have a way to take off |
| have a way to | menteşerge madarım joqduI have no way to take off | senteşerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to take off | olteşerge madarı joqduhe has no way to take off | bizteşerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to take off | sizteşerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to take off | alateşerge madarları joqduthey have no way to take off |
| be free to | menteşerge erkinligim bardıI am free to take off | senteşerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to take off | olteşerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to take off | bizteşerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to take off | sizteşerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to take off | alateşerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to take off |
| be free to | menteşerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to take off | senteşerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to take off | olteşerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to take off | bizteşerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to take off | sizteşerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to take off | alateşerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to take off |
| be possible to | menmenŋe teşerge bolluqduit is possible for me to take off | sensenŋe teşerge bolluqduit is possible for you to take off | olaŋa teşerge bolluqduit is possible for him to take off | bizbizge teşerge bolluqduit is possible for us to take off | sizsizge teşerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to take off | alaalağa teşerge bolluqduit is possible for them to take off |
| be possible to | menmenŋe teşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to take off | sensenŋe teşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to take off | olaŋa teşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to take off | bizbizge teşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to take off | sizsizge teşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to take off | alaalağa teşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to take off |
| be ready to | menteşerge hazırmaI am ready to take off | senteşerge hazırsayou are ready to take off | olteşerge hazırdıhe is ready to take off | bizteşerge hazırbızwe are ready to take off | sizteşerge hazırsızyou all are ready to take off | alateşerge hazırdılathey are ready to take off |
| be ready to | menteşerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to take off | senteşerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to take off | olteşerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to take off | bizteşerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to take off | sizteşerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to take off | alateşerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to take off |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menteşerge küreşemeI am trying to take off | senteşerge küreşeseyou are trying to take off | olteşerge küreşedihe is trying to take off | bizteşerge küreşebizwe are trying to take off | sizteşerge küreşesizyou all are trying to take off | alateşerge küreşedilethey are trying to take off |
| try to | menteşerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to take off | senteşerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to take off | olteşerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to take off | bizteşerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to take off | sizteşerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to take off | alateşerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to take off |
| agree to | menteşerge unaymaI agree to take off | senteşerge unaysayou agree to take off | olteşerge unaydıhe agrees to take off | bizteşerge unaybızwe agree to take off | sizteşerge unaysızyou all agree to take off | alateşerge unaydılathey agree to take off |
| agree to | menteşerge unamaymaI refuse to take off | senteşerge unamaysayou refuse to take off | olteşerge unamaydıhe refuses to take off | bizteşerge unamaybızwe refuse to take off | sizteşerge unamaysızyou all refuse to take off | alateşerge unamaydılathey refuse to take off |
| hurry to | menteşerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to take off | senteşerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to take off | olteşerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to take off | bizteşerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to take off | sizteşerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to take off | alateşerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to take off |
| hurry to | menteşerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to take off | senteşerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to take off | olteşerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to take off | bizteşerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to take off | sizteşerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to take off | alateşerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to take off |
| be afraid to | menteşerge qorqamaI am afraid to take off | senteşerge qorqasayou are afraid to take off | olteşerge qorqadıhe is afraid to take off | bizteşerge qorqabızwe are afraid to take off | sizteşerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to take off | alateşerge qorqadılathey are afraid to take off |
| be afraid to | menteşerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to take off | senteşerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to take off | olteşerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to take off | bizteşerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to take off | sizteşerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to take off | alateşerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to take off |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menteşe bolmazmaI can't be taking off | senteşe bolmazsayou can't be taking off | olteşe bolmazhe can't be taking off | bizteşe bolmazbızwe can't be taking off | sizteşe bolmazsızyou all can't be taking off | alateşe bolmazlathey can't be taking off |
| Inference, present — double negation | menteşmey bolmazmaI must be taking off (emphatic) | senteşmey bolmazsayou must be taking off (emphatic) | olteşmey bolmazhe must be taking off (emphatic) | bizteşmey bolmazbızwe must be taking off (emphatic) | sizteşmey bolmazsızyou all must be taking off (emphatic) | alateşmey bolmazlathey must be taking off (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menteşe turmasamif I don't keep taking off | senteşe turmasaŋif you don't keep taking off | olteşe turmasaif he doesn't keep taking off | bizteşe turmasaqif we don't keep taking off | sizteşe turmasağızif you all don't keep taking off | alateşe turmasalaif they don't keep taking off |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menteşe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of taking off | senteşe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of taking off | olteşe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of taking off | bizteşe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of taking off | sizteşe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of taking off | alateşe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of taking off |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menteşmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not taking off (emphatic) | senteşmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not taking off (emphatic) | olteşmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not taking off (emphatic) | bizteşmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not taking off (emphatic) | sizteşmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not taking off (emphatic) | alateşmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not taking off (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menteşmey turamaI keep on not taking off | senteşmey turasayou keep on not taking off | olteşmey turadıhe keeps on not taking off | bizteşmey turabızwe keep on not taking off | sizteşmey turasızyou all keep on not taking off | alateşmey turadılathey keep on not taking off |
| Progressive — double negation | menteşmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not taking off | senteşmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not taking off | olteşmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not taking off | bizteşmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not taking off | sizteşmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not taking off | alateşmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not taking off |
| Progressive — double negation | menteşmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not taking off? | senteşmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not taking off? | olteşmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not taking off? | bizteşmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not taking off? | sizteşmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not taking off? | alateşmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not taking off? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menteşgen bolmazmaI can't have taken off | senteşgen bolmazsayou can't have taken off | olteşgen bolmazhe can't have taken off | bizteşgen bolmazbızwe can't have taken off | sizteşgen bolmazsızyou all can't have taken off | alateşgen bolmazlathey can't have taken off |
| Inference — double negation | menteşmegen bolmazmaI must have taken off (emphatic) | senteşmegen bolmazsayou must have taken off (emphatic) | olteşmegen bolmazhe must have taken off (emphatic) | bizteşmegen bolmazbızwe must have taken off (emphatic) | sizteşmegen bolmazsızyou all must have taken off (emphatic) | alateşmegen bolmazlathey must have taken off (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menteşgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had taken off | senteşgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had taken off | olteşgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had taken off | bizteşgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had taken off | sizteşgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had taken off | alateşgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had taken off |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menteşmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't taken off | senteşmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't taken off | olteşmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't taken off | bizteşmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't taken off | sizteşmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't taken off | alateşmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't taken off |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menteşerik bolmazmaI can't be going to take off | senteşerik bolmazsayou can't be going to take off | olteşerik bolmazhe can't be going to take off | bizteşerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to take off | sizteşerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to take off | alateşerik bolmazlathey can't be going to take off |
| Inference, future — double negation | menteşmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to take off (emphatic) | senteşmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to take off (emphatic) | olteşmezlik bolmazhe must be going to take off (emphatic) | bizteşmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to take off (emphatic) | sizteşmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to take off (emphatic) | alateşmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to take off (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menteşerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to take off | senteşerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to take off | olteşerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to take off | bizteşerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to take off | sizteşerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to take off | alateşerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to take off |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menteşmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to take off | senteşmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to take off | olteşmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to take off | bizteşmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to take off | sizteşmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to take off | alateşmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to take off |