tükürürge
/tykyryrɡe/
1. spit, spit out
- jerge tükürmegiz — don't spit on the ground
- ol suwğa tükürdü — he spat into the water
- içer suwuŋa tükürme — don't spit into your drinking water
- tükürüb ierge — to spit out
- qan tükürürge — to spit blood
- sawsuz qan tükürdü — the patient spat blood
- betine tükürseŋ da qayğırmaydı — even if you spit in his face, he doesn't care
- duşmanıŋı allında tükürme — do not spit in front of your enemy
2. charm away an illness, heal by blowing on someone — Refers to the folk healing practice of reciting a prayer or a verse of the Quran and blowing on the sick person or the sore place, for example against the evil eye (köz tiygenŋe tükürürge).
- köz tiygenŋe tükürürge — to charm away the evil eye
- Efendi sawsuzğa tükürdü — the effendi charmed away the patient's illness
- ammam tüküre biledi — my grandmother knows how to charm away illness
- awruğan sabiyge tükürdü — she charmed away the sick child's illness
- tüküre bilgen — one who knows how to charm illness away
Expressions
- betime tükür — I guarantee it
- betine tükürürge — revile, hold in contempt
- bir biri awuzlarına tükürüb jaşarğa — live as friends
- bir çapıraqğa tükürüb — live in harmony
Conjugation
Common forms
- tüküredihe is spitting
- tükürdühe spat
- tükürgendihe has spat
- tükürürhe will spit
- tükürlükdühe is going to spit
- tüküre edihe was spitting
- tükürseif he spits
- tükür!spit!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentüküremeI am spitting | sentüküreseyou are spitting | oltüküredihe is spitting | biztükürebizwe are spitting | siztüküresizyou all are spitting | alatüküredilethey are spitting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentükürmeymeI am not spitting | sentükürmeyseyou are not spitting | oltükürmeydihe is not spitting | biztükürmeybizwe are not spitting | siztükürmeysizyou all are not spitting | alatükürmeydilethey are not spitting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentükürememi? tüküremime?am I spitting? | sentüküremise?are you spitting? | oltüküremidi?is he spitting? | biztükürebizmi? tüküremibiz?are we spitting? | siztüküremisiz?are you all spitting? | alatüküremidile?are they spitting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentükürmeymemi? tükürmeymime?aren't I spitting? | sentükürmeymise?aren't you spitting? | oltükürmeymidi?isn't he spitting? | biztükürmeybizmi? tükürmeymibiz?aren't we spitting? | siztükürmeymisiz?aren't you all spitting? | alatükürmeymidile?aren't they spitting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentükürüwçenmeI usually spit | sentükürüwçenseyou usually spit | oltükürüwçendihe usually spits | biztükürüwçenbizwe usually spit | siztükürüwçensizyou all usually spit | alatükürüwçendilethey usually spit |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentükürmewçenmeI usually don't spit | sentükürmewçenseyou usually don't spit | oltükürmewçendihe usually doesn't spit | biztükürmewçenbizwe usually don't spit | siztükürmewçensizyou all usually don't spit | alatükürmewçendilethey usually don't spit |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentükürüwçenmemi? tükürüwçenmime?do I usually spit? | sentükürüwçenmise?do you usually spit? | oltükürüwçenmidi?does he usually spit? | biztükürüwçenbizmi? tükürüwçenmibiz?do we usually spit? | siztükürüwçenmisiz?do you all usually spit? | alatükürüwçenmidile?do they usually spit? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentükürmewçenmemi? tükürmewçenmime?do I usually not spit? | sentükürmewçenmise?do you usually not spit? | oltükürmewçenmidi?does he usually not spit? | biztükürmewçenbizmi? tükürmewçenmibiz?do we usually not spit? | siztükürmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not spit? | alatükürmewçenmidile?do they usually not spit? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltükürübdühe has spat and remains so | alatükürübdülethey have spat and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltükürübmüdü?has he spat? | alatükürübmüdüle?have they spat? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentükürüb turamaI keep spitting | sentükürüb turasayou keep spitting | oltükürüb turadıhe keeps spitting | biztükürüb turabızwe keep spitting | siztükürüb turasızyou all keep spitting | alatükürüb turadılathey keep spitting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentükürüb turmaymaI don't keep spitting | sentükürüb turmaysayou don't keep spitting | oltükürüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep spitting | biztükürüb turmaybızwe don't keep spitting | siztükürüb turmaysızyou all don't keep spitting | alatükürüb turmaydılathey don't keep spitting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentükürüb turamamı? tükürüb turamıma?do I keep spitting? | sentükürüb turamısa?do you keep spitting? | oltükürüb turamıdı?does he keep spitting? | biztükürüb turabızmı? tükürüb turamıbız?do we keep spitting? | siztükürüb turamısız?do you all keep spitting? | alatükürüb turamıdıla?do they keep spitting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentükürüb turmaymamı? tükürüb turmaymıma?don't I keep spitting? | sentükürüb turmaymısa?don't you keep spitting? | oltükürüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep spitting? | biztükürüb turmaybızmı? tükürüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep spitting? | siztükürüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep spitting? | alatükürüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep spitting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentüküre turamaI am in the middle of spitting | sentüküre turasayou are in the middle of spitting | oltüküre turadıhe is in the middle of spitting | biztüküre turabızwe are in the middle of spitting | siztüküre turasızyou all are in the middle of spitting | alatüküre turadılathey are in the middle of spitting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentüküre turmaymaI am not in the middle of spitting | sentüküre turmaysayou are not in the middle of spitting | oltüküre turmaydıhe is not in the middle of spitting | biztüküre turmaybızwe are not in the middle of spitting | siztüküre turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of spitting | alatüküre turmaydılathey are not in the middle of spitting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentüküre turamamı? tüküre turamıma?am I in the middle of spitting? | sentüküre turamısa?are you in the middle of spitting? | oltüküre turamıdı?is he in the middle of spitting? | biztüküre turabızmı? tüküre turamıbız?are we in the middle of spitting? | siztüküre turamısız?are you all in the middle of spitting? | alatüküre turamıdıla?are they in the middle of spitting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentüküre turmaymamı? tüküre turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of spitting? | sentüküre turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of spitting? | oltüküre turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of spitting? | biztüküre turmaybızmı? tüküre turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of spitting? | siztüküre turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of spitting? | alatüküre turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of spitting? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentükürdümI spat | sentükürdüŋyou spat | oltükürdühe spat | biztükürdükwe spat | siztükürdügüzyou all spat | alatükürdülethey spat |
| Simple past (definite) | mentükürmedimI didn't spit | sentükürmediŋyou didn't spit | oltükürmedihe didn't spit | biztükürmedikwe didn't spit | siztükürmedigizyou all didn't spit | alatükürmedilethey didn't spit |
| Simple past (definite) | mentükürdümmü?did I spit? | sentükürdüŋmü?did you spit? | oltükürdümü?did he spit? | biztükürdükmü?did we spit? | siztükürdügüzmü?did you all spit? | alatükürdülemi?did they spit? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentükürmedimmi?didn't I spit? | sentükürmediŋmi?didn't you spit? | oltükürmedimi?didn't he spit? | biztükürmedikmi?didn't we spit? | siztükürmedigizmi?didn't you all spit? | alatükürmedilemi?didn't they spit? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentükürgenmeI have spat | sentükürgenseyou have spat | oltükürgendihe has spat | biztükürgenbizwe have spat | siztükürgensizyou all have spat | alatükürgendilethey have spat |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentükürmegenmeI haven't spat | sentükürmegenseyou haven't spat | oltükürmegendihe hasn't spat | biztükürmegenbizwe haven't spat | siztükürmegensizyou all haven't spat | alatükürmegendilethey haven't spat |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentükürgenmemi? tükürgenmime?have I spat? | sentükürgenmise?have you spat? | oltükürgenmidi?has he spat? | biztükürgenbizmi? tükürgenmibiz?have we spat? | siztükürgenmisiz?have you all spat? | alatükürgenmidile?have they spat? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentükürmegenmemi? tükürmegenmime?haven't I spat? | sentükürmegenmise?haven't you spat? | oltükürmegenmidi?hasn't he spat? | biztükürmegenbizmi? tükürmegenmibiz?haven't we spat? | siztükürmegenmisiz?haven't you all spat? | alatükürmegenmidile?haven't they spat? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentükürüb turdumI kept spitting | sentükürüb turduŋyou kept spitting | oltükürüb turduhe kept spitting | biztükürüb turduqwe kept spitting | siztükürüb turduğuzyou all kept spitting | alatükürüb turdulathey kept spitting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentükürüb turmadımI didn't keep spitting | sentükürüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep spitting | oltükürüb turmadıhe didn't keep spitting | biztükürüb turmadıqwe didn't keep spitting | siztükürüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep spitting | alatükürüb turmadılathey didn't keep spitting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentükürürmeI will spit | sentükürürseyou will spit | oltükürürhe will spit | biztükürürbüzwe will spit | siztükürürsüzyou all will spit | alatükürürlethey will spit |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentükürmezmeI won't spit | sentükürmezseyou won't spit | oltükürmezhe won't spit | biztükürmezbizwe won't spit | siztükürmezsizyou all won't spit | alatükürmezlethey won't spit |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentükürürmemi? tükürürmüme?will I spit? | sentükürürmüse?will you spit? | oltükürürmü?will he spit? | biztükürürbüzmü? tükürürmübüz?will we spit? | siztükürürmüsüz?will you all spit? | alatükürürlemi? tükürürmüle?will they spit? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentükürmezmemi? tükürmezmime?won't I spit? | sentükürmezmise?won't you spit? | oltükürmezmi?won't he spit? | biztükürmezbizmi? tükürmezmibiz?won't we spit? | siztükürmezmisiz?won't you all spit? | alatükürmezlemi? tükürmezmile?won't they spit? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentükürlükme1tükürrükmeI am going to spit | sentükürlükse1tükürrükseyou are going to spit | oltükürlükdü1tükürrükdühe is going to spit | biztükürlükbüz1tükürrükbüzwe are going to spit | siztükürlüksüz1tükürrüksüzyou all are going to spit | alatükürlükdüle1tükürrükdülethey are going to spit |
| Definite future (future II) | mentükürlük tülme1tükürrük tülmeI am not going to spit | sentükürlük tülse1tükürrük tülseyou are not going to spit | oltükürlük tüldü1tükürrük tüldühe is not going to spit | biztükürlük tülbüz1tükürrük tülbüzwe are not going to spit | siztükürlük tülsüz1tükürrük tülsüzyou all are not going to spit | alatükürlük tüldüle1tükürrük tüldülethey are not going to spit |
| Definite future (future II) | mentükürlükmemi?1 tükürlükmüme?tükürrükmemi?am I going to spit? | sentükürlükmüse?1tükürrükmüse?are you going to spit? | oltükürlükmüdü?1tükürrükmüdü?is he going to spit? | biztükürlükbüzmü?1 tükürlükmübüz?tükürrükbüzmü?are we going to spit? | siztükürlükmüsüz?1tükürrükmüsüz?are you all going to spit? | alatükürlükmüdüle?1tükürrükmüdüle?are they going to spit? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentükürlük tülmüme?1tükürrük tülmüme?aren't I going to spit? | sentükürlük tülmüse?1tükürrük tülmüse?aren't you going to spit? | oltükürlük tülmüdü?1tükürrük tülmüdü?isn't he going to spit? | biztükürlük tülmübüz?1tükürrük tülmübüz?aren't we going to spit? | siztükürlük tülmüsüz?1tükürrük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spit? | alatükürlük tülmüdüle?1tükürrük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spit? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so tükürrükdü
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentükürgen edimtükürgenemI had spat | sentükürgen ediŋtükürgeneŋyou had spat | oltükürgen editükürgenedhe had spat | biztükürgen ediktükürgenekwe had spat | siztükürgen edigiztükürgenegizyou all had spat | alatükürgen ediletükürgenellethey had spat |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentükürmegen edimtükürmegenemI hadn't spat | sentükürmegen ediŋtükürmegeneŋyou hadn't spat | oltükürmegen editükürmegenedhe hadn't spat | biztükürmegen ediktükürmegenekwe hadn't spat | siztükürmegen edigiztükürmegenegizyou all hadn't spat | alatükürmegen ediletükürmegenellethey hadn't spat |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentüküre edimtüküremI was spitting | sentüküre ediŋtüküreŋyou were spitting | oltüküre editüküredhe was spitting | biztüküre ediktükürekwe were spitting | siztüküre edigiztüküregizyou all were spitting | alatüküre ediletükürellethey were spitting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentükürmey edimtükürmeyemI wasn't spitting | sentükürmey ediŋtükürmeyeŋyou weren't spitting | oltükürmey editükürmeyedhe wasn't spitting | biztükürmey ediktükürmeyekwe weren't spitting | siztükürmey edigiztükürmeyegizyou all weren't spitting | alatükürmey ediletükürmeyellethey weren't spitting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentükürüwçen edimtükürüwçenemI used to spit | sentükürüwçen ediŋtükürüwçeneŋyou used to spit | oltükürüwçen editükürüwçenedhe used to spit | biztükürüwçen ediktükürüwçenekwe used to spit | siztükürüwçen edigiztükürüwçenegizyou all used to spit | alatükürüwçen ediletükürüwçenellethey used to spit |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentükürmewçen edimtükürmewçenemI didn't use to spit | sentükürmewçen ediŋtükürmewçeneŋyou didn't use to spit | oltükürmewçen editükürmewçenedhe didn't use to spit | biztükürmewçen ediktükürmewçenekwe didn't use to spit | siztükürmewçen edigiztükürmewçenegizyou all didn't use to spit | alatükürmewçen ediletükürmewçenellethey didn't use to spit |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltükürüb edihe had spat and remained so | alatükürüb edilethey had spat and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltükürüb tül edihe hadn't spat | alatükürüb tül edilethey hadn't spat | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentükürüb tura edimtükürüb turaemI had kept spitting | sentükürüb tura ediŋtükürüb turaeŋyou had kept spitting | oltükürüb tura editükürüb turaedhe had kept spitting | biztükürüb tura ediktükürüb turaekwe had kept spitting | siztükürüb tura edigiztükürüb turaegizyou all had kept spitting | alatükürüb tura ediletükürüb turaellethey had kept spitting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentükürüb turmay edimtükürüb turmayemI hadn't kept spitting | sentükürüb turmay ediŋtükürüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept spitting | oltükürüb turmay editükürüb turmayedhe hadn't kept spitting | biztükürüb turmay ediktükürüb turmayekwe hadn't kept spitting | siztükürüb turmay edigiztükürüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept spitting | alatükürüb turmay ediletükürüb turmayellethey hadn't kept spitting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentüküre tura edimtüküre turaemI was in the middle of spitting | sentüküre tura ediŋtüküre turaeŋyou were in the middle of spitting | oltüküre tura editüküre turaedhe was in the middle of spitting | biztüküre tura ediktüküre turaekwe were in the middle of spitting | siztüküre tura edigiztüküre turaegizyou all were in the middle of spitting | alatüküre tura ediletüküre turaellethey were in the middle of spitting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentüküre turmay edimtüküre turmayemI wasn't in the middle of spitting | sentüküre turmay ediŋtüküre turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of spitting | oltüküre turmay editüküre turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of spitting | biztüküre turmay ediktüküre turmayekwe weren't in the middle of spitting | siztüküre turmay edigiztüküre turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of spitting | alatüküre turmay ediletüküre turmayellethey weren't in the middle of spitting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentükürür edimtükürür emI would spit | sentükürür ediŋtükürür eŋyou would spit | oltükürür editükürür edhe would spit | biztükürür ediktükürür ekwe would spit | siztükürür edigiztükürür egizyou all would spit | alatükürür ediletükürür ellethey would spit |
| Conditional result (would) | mentükürmez edimtükürmez emI wouldn't spit | sentükürmez ediŋtükürmez eŋyou wouldn't spit | oltükürmez editükürmez edhe wouldn't spit | biztükürmez ediktükürmez ekwe wouldn't spit | siztükürmez edigiztükürmez egizyou all wouldn't spit | alatükürmez ediletükürmez ellethey wouldn't spit |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentükürlük edim2tükürlük emtükürrük edimI would have spat | sentükürlük ediŋ2tükürlük eŋtükürrük ediŋyou would have spat | oltükürlük edi2tükürlük edtükürrük edihe would have spat | biztükürlük edik2tükürlük ektükürrük edikwe would have spat | siztükürlük edigiz2tükürlük egiztükürrük edigizyou all would have spat | alatükürlük edile2tükürlük elletükürrük edilethey would have spat |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentükürlük tül edim2tükürlük tül emtükürrük tül edimI wouldn't have spat | sentükürlük tül ediŋ2tükürlük tül eŋtükürrük tül ediŋyou wouldn't have spat | oltükürlük tül edi2tükürlük tül edtükürrük tül edihe wouldn't have spat | biztükürlük tül edik2tükürlük tül ektükürrük tül edikwe wouldn't have spat | siztükürlük tül edigiz2tükürlük tül egiztükürrük tül edigizyou all wouldn't have spat | alatükürlük tül edile2tükürlük tül elletükürrük tül edilethey wouldn't have spat |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so tükürrük edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentükürsemif I spit | sentükürseŋif you spit | oltükürseif he spits | biztükürsekif we spit | siztükürsegizif you all spit | alatükürseleif they spit |
| Conditional | mentükürmesemif I don't spit | sentükürmeseŋif you don't spit | oltükürmeseif he doesn't spit | biztükürmesekif we don't spit | siztükürmesegizif you all don't spit | alatükürmeseleif they don't spit |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentüküre esemif I am spitting | sentüküre eseŋif you are spitting | oltüküre eseif he is spitting | biztüküre esekif we are spitting | siztüküre esegizif you all are spitting | alatüküre eseleif they are spitting |
| Conditional, present real | mentükürmey esemif I am not spitting | sentükürmey eseŋif you are not spitting | oltükürmey eseif he is not spitting | biztükürmey esekif we are not spitting | siztükürmey esegizif you all are not spitting | alatükürmey eseleif they are not spitting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentükürsem editükürsem edif only I spat | sentükürseŋ editükürseŋ edif only you spat | oltükürse editükürsedif only he spat | biztükürsek editükürsek edif only we spat | siztükürsegiz editükürsegiz edif only you all spat | alatükürsele editükürseledif only they spat |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentükürmesem editükürmesem edif only I didn't spit | sentükürmeseŋ editükürmeseŋ edif only you didn't spit | oltükürmese editükürmesedif only he didn't spit | biztükürmesek editükürmesek edif only we didn't spit | siztükürmesegiz editükürmesegiz edif only you all didn't spit | alatükürmesele editükürmeseledif only they didn't spit |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentükürüb tursamif I carry on spitting | sentükürüb tursaŋif you carry on spitting | oltükürüb tursaif he carries on spitting | biztükürüb tursaqif we carry on spitting | siztükürüb tursağızif you all carry on spitting | alatükürüb tursalaif they carry on spitting |
| Durative conditional | mentükürüb turmasamif I don't carry on spitting | sentükürüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on spitting | oltükürüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on spitting | biztükürüb turmasaqif we don't carry on spitting | siztükürüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on spitting | alatükürüb turmasalaif they don't carry on spitting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentükürüb tura esemif I have kept spitting | sentükürüb tura eseŋif you have kept spitting | oltükürüb tura eseif he has kept spitting | biztükürüb tura esekif we have kept spitting | siztükürüb tura esegizif you all have kept spitting | alatükürüb tura eseleif they have kept spitting |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentükürüb turmay esemif I haven't kept spitting | sentükürüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept spitting | oltükürüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept spitting | biztükürüb turmay esekif we haven't kept spitting | siztükürüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept spitting | alatükürüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept spitting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentüküre tursamif I keep spitting | sentüküre tursaŋif you keep spitting | oltüküre tursaif he keeps spitting | biztüküre tursaqif we keep spitting | siztüküre tursağızif you all keep spitting | alatüküre tursalaif they keep spitting |
| Progressive conditional | mentükürmey tursamif I keep on not spitting | sentükürmey tursaŋif you keep on not spitting | oltükürmey tursaif he keeps on not spitting | biztükürmey tursaqif we keep on not spitting | siztükürmey tursağızif you all keep on not spitting | alatükürmey tursalaif they keep on not spitting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentüküre tura esemif I am in the middle of spitting | sentüküre tura eseŋif you are in the middle of spitting | oltüküre tura eseif he is in the middle of spitting | biztüküre tura esekif we are in the middle of spitting | siztüküre tura esegizif you all are in the middle of spitting | alatüküre tura eseleif they are in the middle of spitting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentükürmey tura esemif I keep on not spitting | sentükürmey tura eseŋif you keep on not spitting | oltükürmey tura eseif he keeps on not spitting | biztükürmey tura esekif we keep on not spitting | siztükürmey tura esegizif you all keep on not spitting | alatükürmey tura eseleif they keep on not spitting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | mentükürdüm esemif I spat | sentükürdüŋ eseŋif you spat | oltükürdü eseif he spat | biztükürdük esekif we spat | siztükürdügüz esegizif you all spat | alatükürdüle eseleif they spat |
| Conditional, definite past3 | mentükürmedim esemif I didn't spit | sentükürmediŋ eseŋif you didn't spit | oltükürmedi eseif he didn't spit | biztükürmedik esekif we didn't spit | siztükürmedigiz esegizif you all didn't spit | alatükürmedile eseleif they didn't spit |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentükürgen esemif I did spit (indeed) | sentükürgen eseŋif you did spit (indeed) | oltükürgen eseif he did spit (indeed) | biztükürgen esekif we did spit (indeed) | siztükürgen esegizif you all did spit (indeed) | alatükürgen eseleif they did spit (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentükürmegen esemif I didn't spit (indeed) | sentükürmegen eseŋif you didn't spit (indeed) | oltükürmegen eseif he didn't spit (indeed) | biztükürmegen esekif we didn't spit (indeed) | siztükürmegen esegizif you all didn't spit (indeed) | alatükürmegen eseleif they didn't spit (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentükürgen bolsamif I had spat | sentükürgen bolsaŋif you had spat | oltükürgen bolsaif he had spat | biztükürgen bolsaqif we had spat | siztükürgen bolsağızif you all had spat | alatükürgen bolsalaif they had spat |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentükürmegen bolsamif I hadn't spat | sentükürmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't spat | oltükürmegen bolsaif he hadn't spat | biztükürmegen bolsaqif we hadn't spat | siztükürmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't spat | alatükürmegen bolsalaif they hadn't spat |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentükürgen bolsam editükürgen bolsam edif only I had spat | sentükürgen bolsaŋ editükürgen bolsaŋ edif only you had spat | oltükürgen bolsa editükürgen bolsaedif only he had spat | biztükürgen bolsaq editükürgen bolsaq edif only we had spat | siztükürgen bolsağız editükürgen bolsağız edif only you all had spat | alatükürgen bolsala editükürgen bolsalaedif only they had spat |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentükürmegen bolsam editükürmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't spat | sentükürmegen bolsaŋ editükürmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spat | oltükürmegen bolsa editükürmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't spat | biztükürmegen bolsaq editükürmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't spat | siztükürmegen bolsağız editükürmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spat | alatükürmegen bolsala editükürmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't spat |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentükürür esemif I will spit | sentükürür eseŋif you will spit | oltükürür eseif he will spit | biztükürür esekif we will spit | siztükürür esegizif you all will spit | alatükürür eseleif they will spit |
| Conditional, aorist | mentükürmez esemif I won't spit | sentükürmez eseŋif you won't spit | oltükürmez eseif he won't spit | biztükürmez esekif we won't spit | siztükürmez esegizif you all won't spit | alatükürmez eseleif they won't spit |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentükürlük esem4tükürrük esemif I am going to spit | sentükürlük eseŋ4tükürrük eseŋif you are going to spit | oltükürlük ese4tükürrük eseif he is going to spit | biztükürlük esek4tükürrük esekif we are going to spit | siztükürlük esegiz4tükürrük esegizif you all are going to spit | alatükürlük esele4tükürrük eseleif they are going to spit |
| Conditional, future | mentükürlük tül esem4tükürrük tül esemif I am not going to spit | sentükürlük tül eseŋ4tükürrük tül eseŋif you are not going to spit | oltükürlük tül ese4tükürrük tül eseif he is not going to spit | biztükürlük tül esek4tükürrük tül esekif we are not going to spit | siztükürlük tül esegiz4tükürrük tül esegizif you all are not going to spit | alatükürlük tül esele4tükürrük tül eseleif they are not going to spit |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentükürlük bolsam5tükürrük bolsamif I were going to spit | sentükürlük bolsaŋ5tükürrük bolsaŋif you were going to spit | oltükürlük bolsa5tükürrük bolsaif he were going to spit | biztükürlük bolsaq5tükürrük bolsaqif we were going to spit | siztükürlük bolsağız5tükürrük bolsağızif you all were going to spit | alatükürlük bolsala5tükürrük bolsalaif they were going to spit |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentükürmezlik bolsamif I were not going to spit | sentükürmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to spit | oltükürmezlik bolsaif he were not going to spit | biztükürmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to spit | siztükürmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to spit | alatükürmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to spit |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tükürdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so tükürrük ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so tükürrük bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentüküre bolurmaI must be spitting | sentüküre bolursayou must be spitting | oltüküre bolurhe must be spitting | biztüküre bolurbuzwe must be spitting | siztüküre bolursuzyou all must be spitting | alatüküre bolurlathey must be spitting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentükürmey bolurmaI must not be spitting | sentükürmey bolursayou must not be spitting | oltükürmey bolurhe must not be spitting | biztükürmey bolurbuzwe must not be spitting | siztükürmey bolursuzyou all must not be spitting | alatükürmey bolurlathey must not be spitting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentüküre tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of spitting | sentüküre tura bolursayou must be in the middle of spitting | oltüküre tura bolurhe must be in the middle of spitting | biztüküre tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of spitting | siztüküre tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of spitting | alatüküre tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of spitting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentükürmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not spitting | sentükürmey tura bolursayou must keep on not spitting | oltükürmey tura bolurhe must keep on not spitting | biztükürmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not spitting | siztükürmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not spitting | alatükürmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not spitting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentükürgen bolurmaI must have spat | sentükürgen bolursayou must have spat | oltükürgen bolurhe must have spat | biztükürgen bolurbuzwe must have spat | siztükürgen bolursuzyou all must have spat | alatükürgen bolurlathey must have spat |
| Inference (must have) | mentükürmegen bolurmaI must not have spat | sentükürmegen bolursayou must not have spat | oltükürmegen bolurhe must not have spat | biztükürmegen bolurbuzwe must not have spat | siztükürmegen bolursuzyou all must not have spat | alatükürmegen bolurlathey must not have spat |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentükürlük bolurma6tükürrük bolurmaI must be going to spit | sentükürlük bolursa6tükürrük bolursayou must be going to spit | oltükürlük bolur6tükürrük bolurhe must be going to spit | biztükürlük bolurbuz6tükürrük bolurbuzwe must be going to spit | siztükürlük bolursuz6tükürrük bolursuzyou all must be going to spit | alatükürlük bolurla6tükürrük bolurlathey must be going to spit |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentükürmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to spit | sentükürmezlik bolursayou must not be going to spit | oltükürmezlik bolurhe must not be going to spit | biztükürmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to spit | siztükürmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to spit | alatükürmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to spit |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so tükürrük bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentüküreyimlet me spit | sentükür!spit! | oltükürsünlet him spit | biztüküreyiklet's spit | siztükürügüz!spit, you all! | alatükürsünlelet them spit |
| Commands & suggestions | mentükürmeyimlet me not spit | sentükürme!don't spit! | oltükürmesinlet him not spit | biztükürmeyiklet's not spit | siztükürmegiz!don't spit, you all! | alatükürmesinlelet them not spit |
| Commands & suggestions | mentüküreyimmi?shall I spit? | oltükürsünmü?should he spit? | biztüküreyikmi?shall we spit? | alatükürsünlemi?should they spit? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentükürmeyimmi?shall I not spit? | oltükürmesinmi?should he not spit? | biztükürmeyikmi?shall we not spit? | alatükürmesinlemi?should they not spit? | ||
| Requests | sentükürçü7tükürçünplease spit | oltükürsünçüdo let him spit | siztükürçügüzplease spit (plural/polite) | alatükürsünleçido let them spit | ||
| Requests | sentükürmeçi7tükürmeçinplease don't spit | oltükürmesinçido let him not spit | siztükürmeçigizplease don't spit (plural/polite) | alatükürmesinleçido let them not spit | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentükürgüntükürgümay you spit | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentükürmegintükürmegimay you not spit | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentükürgey edim tükürge edimwould that I spat | sentükürgey ediŋ tükürge ediŋwould that you spat | oltükürgey edi tükürge ediwould that he spat | biztükürgey edik tükürge edikwould that we spat | siztükürgey edigiz tükürge edigizwould that you all spat | alatükürgey edile tükürge edilewould that they spat |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentükürmegey edim tükürmege edimwould that I did not spit | sentükürmegey ediŋ tükürmege ediŋwould that you did not spit | oltükürmegey edi tükürmege ediwould that he did not spit | biztükürmegey edik tükürmege edikwould that we did not spit | siztükürmegey edigiz tükürmege edigizwould that you all did not spit | alatükürmegey edile tükürmege edilewould that they did not spit |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentükürmege qoyayımtükürme qoyayımlet me allow someone to spit | sentükürmege qoy!tükürme qoy!let someone spit! | oltükürmege qoysuntükürme qoysunlet him allow someone to spit | biztükürmege qoyayıqtükürme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spit | siztükürmege qoyuğuz!tükürme qoyuğuz!let someone spit, you all! | alatükürmege qoysunlatükürme qoysunlalet them allow someone to spit |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentükürmege qoymayımtükürme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spit | sentükürmege qoyma!tükürme qoyma!don't let someone spit! | oltükürmege qoymasıntükürme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spit | biztükürmege qoymayıqtükürme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spit | siztükürmege qoymağız!tükürme qoymağız!don't let someone spit, you all! | alatükürmege qoymasınlatükürme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spit |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentükürmege qoyayımmı?tükürme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spit? | oltükürmege qoysunmu?tükürme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spit? | biztükürmege qoyayıqmı?tükürme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spit? | alatükürmege qoysunlamı?tükürme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spit? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentükürmege qoymayımmı?tükürme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spit? | oltükürmege qoymasınmı?tükürme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spit? | biztükürmege qoymayıqmı?tükürme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spit? | alatükürmege qoymasınlamı?tükürme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spit? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentükürmege qoyamatükürme qoyamaI allow someone to spit | sentükürmege qoyasatükürme qoyasayou allow someone to spit | oltükürmege qoyadıtükürme qoyadıhe allows someone to spit | biztükürmege qoyabıztükürme qoyabızwe allow someone to spit | siztükürmege qoyasıztükürme qoyasızyou all allow someone to spit | alatükürmege qoyadılatükürme qoyadılathey allow someone to spit |
| Let someone… (present) | mentükürmege qoymaymatükürme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spit | sentükürmege qoymaysatükürme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spit | oltükürmege qoymaydıtükürme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spit | biztükürmege qoymaybıztükürme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spit | siztükürmege qoymaysıztükürme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spit | alatükürmege qoymaydılatükürme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spit |
| Let someone… (present) | mentükürmege qoyamamı?tükürme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spit? | sentükürmege qoyamısa?tükürme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spit? | oltükürmege qoyamıdı?tükürme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spit? | biztükürmege qoyabızmı?tükürme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spit? | siztükürmege qoyamısız?tükürme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spit? | alatükürmege qoyamıdıla?tükürme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spit? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentükürmege qoymaymamı?tükürme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spit? | sentükürmege qoymaymısa?tükürme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spit? | oltükürmege qoymaymıdı?tükürme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spit? | biztükürmege qoymaybızmı?tükürme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spit? | siztükürmege qoymaymısız?tükürme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spit? | alatükürmege qoymaymıdıla?tükürme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spit? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentükürmege qoydumtükürme qoydumI allowed someone to spit | sentükürmege qoyduŋtükürme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spit | oltükürmege qoydutükürme qoyduhe allowed someone to spit | biztükürmege qoyduqtükürme qoyduqwe allowed someone to spit | siztükürmege qoyduğuztükürme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spit | alatükürmege qoydulatükürme qoydulathey allowed someone to spit |
| Let someone… (past) | mentükürmege qoymadımtükürme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spit | sentükürmege qoymadıŋtükürme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spit | oltükürmege qoymadıtükürme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spit | biztükürmege qoymadıqtükürme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spit | siztükürmege qoymadığıztükürme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spit | alatükürmege qoymadılatükürme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spit |
| Let someone… (past) | mentükürmege qoydummu?tükürme qoydummu?did I allow someone to spit? | sentükürmege qoyduŋmu?tükürme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spit? | oltükürmege qoydumu?tükürme qoydumu?did he allow someone to spit? | biztükürmege qoyduqmu?tükürme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spit? | siztükürmege qoyduğuzmu?tükürme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spit? | alatükürmege qoydulamı?tükürme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spit? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentükürmege qoymadımmı?tükürme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spit? | sentükürmege qoymadıŋmı?tükürme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spit? | oltükürmege qoymadımı?tükürme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spit? | biztükürmege qoymadıqmı?tükürme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spit? | siztükürmege qoymadığızmı?tükürme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spit? | alatükürmege qoymadılamı?tükürme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spit? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tüküralırğa be able to spit · tüküralmazğa be unable to spit
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentüküralamaI can spit | sentüküralasayou can spit | oltüküraladıhe can spit | biztüküralabızwe can spit | siztüküralasızyou all can spit | alatüküraladılathey can spit |
| Ability — present | mentüküralmaymaI can't spit | sentüküralmaysayou can't spit | oltüküralmaydıhe can't spit | biztüküralmaybızwe can't spit | siztüküralmaysızyou all can't spit | alatüküralmaydılathey can't spit |
| Ability — present | mentüküralamamı? tüküralamıma?can I spit? | sentüküralamısa?can you spit? | oltüküralamıdı?can he spit? | biztüküralabızmı? tüküralamıbız?can we spit? | siztüküralamısız?can you all spit? | alatüküralamıdıla?can they spit? |
| Ability — present | mentüküralmaymamı? tüküralmaymıma?can't I spit? | sentüküralmaymısa?can't you spit? | oltüküralmaymıdı?can't he spit? | biztüküralmaybızmı? tüküralmaymıbız?can't we spit? | siztüküralmaymısız?can't you all spit? | alatüküralmaymıdıla?can't they spit? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentüküralsamif I can spit | sentüküralsaŋif you can spit | oltüküralsaif he can spit | biztüküralsaqif we can spit | siztüküralsağızif you all can spit | alatüküralsalaif they can spit |
| Ability — if I can… | mentüküralmasamif I can't spit | sentüküralmasaŋif you can't spit | oltüküralmasaif he can't spit | biztüküralmasaqif we can't spit | siztüküralmasağızif you all can't spit | alatüküralmasalaif they can't spit |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentüküraldımI was able to spit | sentüküraldıŋyou were able to spit | oltüküraldıhe was able to spit | biztüküraldıqwe were able to spit | siztüküraldığızyou all were able to spit | alatüküraldılathey were able to spit |
| Ability — simple past | mentüküralmadımI could not spit | sentüküralmadıŋyou could not spit | oltüküralmadıhe could not spit | biztüküralmadıqwe could not spit | siztüküralmadığızyou all could not spit | alatüküralmadılathey could not spit |
| Ability — simple past | mentüküraldımmı?was I able to spit? | sentüküraldıŋmı?were you able to spit? | oltüküraldımı?was he able to spit? | biztüküraldıqmı?were we able to spit? | siztüküraldığızmı?were you all able to spit? | alatüküraldılamı?were they able to spit? |
| Ability — simple past | mentüküralmadımmı?couldn't I spit? | sentüküralmadıŋmı?couldn't you spit? | oltüküralmadımı?couldn't he spit? | biztüküralmadıqmı?couldn't we spit? | siztüküralmadığızmı?couldn't you all spit? | alatüküralmadılamı?couldn't they spit? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentüküralğanmaI have been able to spit | sentüküralğansayou have been able to spit | oltüküralğandıhe has been able to spit | biztüküralğanbızwe have been able to spit | siztüküralğansızyou all have been able to spit | alatüküralğandılathey have been able to spit |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentüküralmağanmaI haven't been able to spit | sentüküralmağansayou haven't been able to spit | oltüküralmağandıhe hasn't been able to spit | biztüküralmağanbızwe haven't been able to spit | siztüküralmağansızyou all haven't been able to spit | alatüküralmağandılathey haven't been able to spit |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentüküralğanmamı? tüküralğanmıma?have I been able to spit? | sentüküralğanmısa?have you been able to spit? | oltüküralğanmıdı?has he been able to spit? | biztüküralğanbızmı? tüküralğanmıbız?have we been able to spit? | siztüküralğanmısız?have you all been able to spit? | alatüküralğanmıdıla?have they been able to spit? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentüküralmağanmamı? tüküralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spit? | sentüküralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spit? | oltüküralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spit? | biztüküralmağanbızmı? tüküralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spit? | siztüküralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spit? | alatüküralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spit? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentüküralğan edimtüküralğanemI had been able to spit | sentüküralğan ediŋtüküralğaneŋyou had been able to spit | oltüküralğan editüküralğanedhe had been able to spit | biztüküralğan ediktüküralğanekwe had been able to spit | siztüküralğan edigiztüküralğanegizyou all had been able to spit | alatüküralğan ediletüküralğanellethey had been able to spit |
| Ability — past perfect | mentüküralmağan edimtüküralmağanemI hadn't been able to spit | sentüküralmağan ediŋtüküralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spit | oltüküralmağan editüküralmağanedhe hadn't been able to spit | biztüküralmağan ediktüküralmağanekwe hadn't been able to spit | siztüküralmağan edigiztüküralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spit | alatüküralmağan ediletüküralmağanellethey hadn't been able to spit |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentükürala edimtüküralaemI could spit | sentükürala ediŋtüküralaeŋyou could spit | oltükürala editüküralaedhe could spit | biztükürala ediktüküralaekwe could spit | siztükürala edigiztüküralaegizyou all could spit | alatükürala ediletüküralaellethey could spit |
| Ability — past background | mentüküralmay edimtüküralmayemI could not spit | sentüküralmay ediŋtüküralmayeŋyou could not spit | oltüküralmay editüküralmayedhe could not spit | biztüküralmay ediktüküralmayekwe could not spit | siztüküralmay edigiztüküralmayegizyou all could not spit | alatüküralmay ediletüküralmayellethey could not spit |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentüküralırmaI will be able to spit | sentüküralırsayou will be able to spit | oltüküralırhe will be able to spit | biztüküralırbızwe will be able to spit | siztüküralırsızyou all will be able to spit | alatüküralırlathey will be able to spit |
| Ability — future I | mentüküralmazmaI won't be able to spit | sentüküralmazsayou won't be able to spit | oltüküralmazhe won't be able to spit | biztüküralmazbızwe won't be able to spit | siztüküralmazsızyou all won't be able to spit | alatüküralmazlathey won't be able to spit |
| Ability — future I | mentüküralırmamı? tüküralırmıma?will I be able to spit? | sentüküralırmısa?will you be able to spit? | oltüküralırmı?will he be able to spit? | biztüküralırbızmı? tüküralırmıbız?will we be able to spit? | siztüküralırmısız?will you all be able to spit? | alatüküralırlamı? tüküralırmıla?will they be able to spit? |
| Ability — future I | mentüküralmazmamı? tüküralmazmıma?won't I be able to spit? | sentüküralmazmısa?won't you be able to spit? | oltüküralmazmı?won't he be able to spit? | biztüküralmazbızmı? tüküralmazmıbız?won't we be able to spit? | siztüküralmazmısız?won't you all be able to spit? | alatüküralmazlamı? tüküralmazmıla?won't they be able to spit? |
| Ability — future II | mentükürallıqmaI am going to be able to spit | sentükürallıqsayou are going to be able to spit | oltükürallıqdıhe is going to be able to spit | biztükürallıqbızwe are going to be able to spit | siztükürallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spit | alatükürallıqdılathey are going to be able to spit |
| Ability — future II | mentükürallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spit | sentükürallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spit | oltükürallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spit | biztükürallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spit | siztükürallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spit | alatükürallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spit |
| Ability — future II | mentükürallıqmamı? tükürallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spit? | sentükürallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spit? | oltükürallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spit? | biztükürallıqbızmı? tükürallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spit? | siztükürallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spit? | alatükürallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spit? |
| Ability — future II | mentükürallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spit? | sentükürallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spit? | oltükürallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spit? | biztükürallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spit? | siztükürallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spit? | alatükürallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spit? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentüküralır edimtüküralır emI would be able to spit | sentüküralır ediŋtüküralır eŋyou would be able to spit | oltüküralır editüküralır edhe would be able to spit | biztüküralır ediktüküralır ekwe would be able to spit | siztüküralır edigiztüküralır egizyou all would be able to spit | alatüküralır ediletüküralır ellethey would be able to spit |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentüküralmaz edimtüküralmaz emI wouldn't be able to spit | sentüküralmaz ediŋtüküralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spit | oltüküralmaz editüküralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spit | biztüküralmaz ediktüküralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spit | siztüküralmaz edigiztüküralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spit | alatüküralmaz ediletüküralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spit |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentüküralğıntüküralğımay you be able to spit | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentüküralmağıntüküralmağımay you not be able to spit | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentükürürge izleymeI want to spit | sentükürürge izleyseyou want to spit | oltükürürge izleydihe wants to spit | biztükürürge izleybizwe want to spit | siztükürürge izleysizyou all want to spit | alatükürürge izleydilethey want to spit |
| want to | mentükürürge izlemeymeI do not want to spit | sentükürürge izlemeyseyou do not want to spit | oltükürürge izlemeydihe does not want to spit | biztükürürge izlemeybizwe do not want to spit | siztükürürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to spit | alatükürürge izlemeydilethey do not want to spit |
| would like to | mentükürürge süemeI would like to spit | sentükürürge süeseyou would like to spit | oltükürürge süedihe would like to spit | biztükürürge süebizwe would like to spit | siztükürürge süesizyou all would like to spit | alatükürürge süedilethey would like to spit |
| would like to | mentükürürge süymeymeI would not like to spit | sentükürürge süymeyseyou would not like to spit | oltükürürge süymeydihe would not like to spit | biztükürürge süymeybizwe would not like to spit | siztükürürge süymeysizyou all would not like to spit | alatükürürge süymeydilethey would not like to spit |
| hope to | mentükürürge umutlanamaI hope to spit | sentükürürge umutlanasayou hope to spit | oltükürürge umutlanadıhe hopes to spit | biztükürürge umutlanabızwe hope to spit | siztükürürge umutlanasızyou all hope to spit | alatükürürge umutlanadılathey hope to spit |
| hope to | mentükürürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spit | sentükürürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spit | oltükürürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spit | biztükürürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spit | siztükürürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spit | alatükürürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spit |
| be about to | mentükürürge deb turamaI am about to spit | sentükürürge deb turasayou are about to spit | oltükürürge deb turadıhe is about to spit | biztükürürge deb turabızwe are about to spit | siztükürürge deb turasızyou all are about to spit | alatükürürge deb turadılathey are about to spit |
| be about to | mentükürürge deb turmaymaI am not about to spit | sentükürürge deb turmaysayou are not about to spit | oltükürürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to spit | biztükürürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to spit | siztükürürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spit | alatükürürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to spit |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentükürürge kerekmeI need to spit | sentükürürge kerekseyou need to spit | oltükürürge kerekdihe needs to spit | biztükürürge kerekbizwe need to spit | siztükürürge kereksizyou all need to spit | alatükürürge kerekdilethey need to spit |
| need to | mentükürürge kerek tülmeI do not need to spit | sentükürürge kerek tülseyou do not need to spit | oltükürürge kerek tüldühe does not need to spit | biztükürürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spit | siztükürürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spit | alatükürürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to spit |
| have to | menmenŋe tükürürge tüşediI have to spit | sensenŋe tükürürge tüşediyou have to spit | olaŋa tükürürge tüşedihe has to spit | bizbizge tükürürge tüşediwe have to spit | sizsizge tükürürge tüşediyou all have to spit | alaalağa tükürürge tüşedithey have to spit |
| have to | menmenŋe tükürürge tüşmeydiI do not have to spit | sensenŋe tükürürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to spit | olaŋa tükürürge tüşmeydihe does not have to spit | bizbizge tükürürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to spit | sizsizge tükürürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spit | alaalağa tükürürge tüşmeydithey do not have to spit |
| be obliged to | mentükürürge borçlumaI am obliged to spit | sentükürürge borçlusayou are obliged to spit | oltükürürge borçluduhe is obliged to spit | biztükürürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to spit | siztükürürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spit | alatükürürge borçludulathey are obliged to spit |
| be obliged to | mentükürürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spit | sentükürürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spit | oltükürürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spit | biztükürürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spit | siztükürürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spit | alatükürürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spit |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentükürürge madarım bardıI have a way to spit | sentükürürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spit | oltükürürge madarı bardıhe has a way to spit | biztükürürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spit | siztükürürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spit | alatükürürge madarları bardıthey have a way to spit |
| have a way to | mentükürürge madarım joqduI have no way to spit | sentükürürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spit | oltükürürge madarı joqduhe has no way to spit | biztükürürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spit | siztükürürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spit | alatükürürge madarları joqduthey have no way to spit |
| be free to | mentükürürge erkinligim bardıI am free to spit | sentükürürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spit | oltükürürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to spit | biztükürürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spit | siztükürürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spit | alatükürürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spit |
| be free to | mentükürürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to spit | sentükürürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spit | oltükürürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spit | biztükürürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spit | siztükürürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spit | alatükürürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spit |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tükürürge bolluqduit is possible for me to spit | sensenŋe tükürürge bolluqduit is possible for you to spit | olaŋa tükürürge bolluqduit is possible for him to spit | bizbizge tükürürge bolluqduit is possible for us to spit | sizsizge tükürürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to spit | alaalağa tükürürge bolluqduit is possible for them to spit |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tükürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spit | sensenŋe tükürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spit | olaŋa tükürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spit | bizbizge tükürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spit | sizsizge tükürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spit | alaalağa tükürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spit |
| be ready to | mentükürürge hazırmaI am ready to spit | sentükürürge hazırsayou are ready to spit | oltükürürge hazırdıhe is ready to spit | biztükürürge hazırbızwe are ready to spit | siztükürürge hazırsızyou all are ready to spit | alatükürürge hazırdılathey are ready to spit |
| be ready to | mentükürürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to spit | sentükürürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to spit | oltükürürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to spit | biztükürürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spit | siztükürürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spit | alatükürürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spit |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentükürürge küreşemeI am trying to spit | sentükürürge küreşeseyou are trying to spit | oltükürürge küreşedihe is trying to spit | biztükürürge küreşebizwe are trying to spit | siztükürürge küreşesizyou all are trying to spit | alatükürürge küreşedilethey are trying to spit |
| try to | mentükürürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to spit | sentükürürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spit | oltükürürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to spit | biztükürürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spit | siztükürürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spit | alatükürürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spit |
| agree to | mentükürürge unaymaI agree to spit | sentükürürge unaysayou agree to spit | oltükürürge unaydıhe agrees to spit | biztükürürge unaybızwe agree to spit | siztükürürge unaysızyou all agree to spit | alatükürürge unaydılathey agree to spit |
| agree to | mentükürürge unamaymaI refuse to spit | sentükürürge unamaysayou refuse to spit | oltükürürge unamaydıhe refuses to spit | biztükürürge unamaybızwe refuse to spit | siztükürürge unamaysızyou all refuse to spit | alatükürürge unamaydılathey refuse to spit |
| hurry to | mentükürürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to spit | sentükürürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to spit | oltükürürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spit | biztükürürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spit | siztükürürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spit | alatükürürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spit |
| hurry to | mentükürürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spit | sentükürürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spit | oltükürürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spit | biztükürürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spit | siztükürürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spit | alatükürürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spit |
| be afraid to | mentükürürge qorqamaI am afraid to spit | sentükürürge qorqasayou are afraid to spit | oltükürürge qorqadıhe is afraid to spit | biztükürürge qorqabızwe are afraid to spit | siztükürürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to spit | alatükürürge qorqadılathey are afraid to spit |
| be afraid to | mentükürürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spit | sentükürürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spit | oltükürürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spit | biztükürürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spit | siztükürürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spit | alatükürürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spit |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentüküre bolmazmaI can't be spitting | sentüküre bolmazsayou can't be spitting | oltüküre bolmazhe can't be spitting | biztüküre bolmazbızwe can't be spitting | siztüküre bolmazsızyou all can't be spitting | alatüküre bolmazlathey can't be spitting |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentükürmey bolmazmaI must be spitting (emphatic) | sentükürmey bolmazsayou must be spitting (emphatic) | oltükürmey bolmazhe must be spitting (emphatic) | biztükürmey bolmazbızwe must be spitting (emphatic) | siztükürmey bolmazsızyou all must be spitting (emphatic) | alatükürmey bolmazlathey must be spitting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentüküre turmasamif I don't keep spitting | sentüküre turmasaŋif you don't keep spitting | oltüküre turmasaif he doesn't keep spitting | biztüküre turmasaqif we don't keep spitting | siztüküre turmasağızif you all don't keep spitting | alatüküre turmasalaif they don't keep spitting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentüküre tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of spitting | sentüküre tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of spitting | oltüküre tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of spitting | biztüküre tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of spitting | siztüküre tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of spitting | alatüküre tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of spitting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentükürmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not spitting (emphatic) | sentükürmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not spitting (emphatic) | oltükürmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not spitting (emphatic) | biztükürmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not spitting (emphatic) | siztükürmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not spitting (emphatic) | alatükürmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not spitting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentükürmey turamaI keep on not spitting | sentükürmey turasayou keep on not spitting | oltükürmey turadıhe keeps on not spitting | biztükürmey turabızwe keep on not spitting | siztükürmey turasızyou all keep on not spitting | alatükürmey turadılathey keep on not spitting |
| Progressive — double negation | mentükürmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not spitting | sentükürmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not spitting | oltükürmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not spitting | biztükürmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not spitting | siztükürmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not spitting | alatükürmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not spitting |
| Progressive — double negation | mentükürmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not spitting? | sentükürmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not spitting? | oltükürmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not spitting? | biztükürmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not spitting? | siztükürmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not spitting? | alatükürmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not spitting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentükürgen bolmazmaI can't have spat | sentükürgen bolmazsayou can't have spat | oltükürgen bolmazhe can't have spat | biztükürgen bolmazbızwe can't have spat | siztükürgen bolmazsızyou all can't have spat | alatükürgen bolmazlathey can't have spat |
| Inference — double negation | mentükürmegen bolmazmaI must have spat (emphatic) | sentükürmegen bolmazsayou must have spat (emphatic) | oltükürmegen bolmazhe must have spat (emphatic) | biztükürmegen bolmazbızwe must have spat (emphatic) | siztükürmegen bolmazsızyou all must have spat (emphatic) | alatükürmegen bolmazlathey must have spat (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentükürgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had spat | sentükürgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spat | oltükürgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had spat | biztükürgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spat | siztükürgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spat | alatükürgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spat |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentükürmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spat | sentükürmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spat | oltükürmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spat | biztükürmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spat | siztükürmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spat | alatükürmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spat |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentükürlük bolmazmaI can't be going to spit | sentükürlük bolmazsayou can't be going to spit | oltükürlük bolmazhe can't be going to spit | biztükürlük bolmazbızwe can't be going to spit | siztükürlük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spit | alatükürlük bolmazlathey can't be going to spit |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentükürmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to spit (emphatic) | sentükürmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to spit (emphatic) | oltükürmezlik bolmazhe must be going to spit (emphatic) | biztükürmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to spit (emphatic) | siztükürmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to spit (emphatic) | alatükürmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to spit (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentükürlük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spit | sentükürlük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spit | oltükürlük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spit | biztükürlük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spit | siztükürlük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spit | alatükürlük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spit |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentükürmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spit | sentükürmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spit | oltükürmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spit | biztükürmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spit | siztükürmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spit | alatükürmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spit |