sudya
/sudja/ · plural sudyala
1. judge, an official who hears cases in court and passes sentence
- sudyanı soruwlarına juwab etdi — he answered the judge's questions
- tüz sudya — a fair judge
- sudya ters onow etmezge kerekdi — a judge must not give a wrong ruling
- sudya işni tintdi — the judge examined the case
2. referee, umpire, the official who makes sure a game is played by the rules
- sudya oyunnu tohtatdı — the referee stopped the game
- sudya ekinçi golnu tergemedi — the referee did not count the second goal
- sudya zaman qoşdu — the referee added time
- sudya horlağannı aytdı — the referee named the winner
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | sudyathe judge | sudyammy judge | sudyaŋyour judge | sudyasıhis judge | sudyabızour judge | sudyağızyou all's judge | sudyalarıtheir judges |
| Genitive | sudyanıthe judge's | sudyamımy judge's | sudyaŋıyour judge's | sudyasınıhis judge's | sudyabıznıour judge's | sudyağıznıyou all's judge's | sudyalarınıtheir judges' |
| Accusative | sudyanıthe judge (as the object) | sudyamımy judge (as the object) | sudyaŋıyour judge (as the object) | sudyasınhis judge (as the object) | sudyabıznıour judge (as the object) | sudyağıznıyou all's judge (as the object) | sudyalarıntheir judges (as the object) |
| Dative | sudyağato the judge | sudyamato my judge | sudyaŋato your judge | sudyasınato his judge | sudyabızğato our judge | sudyağızğato you all's judge | sudyalarınato their judges |
| Locative | sudyadain / at the judge | sudyamdain / at my judge | sudyaŋdain / at your judge | sudyasındain / at his judge | sudyabızdain / at our judge | sudyağızdain / at you all's judge | sudyalarındain / at their judges |
| Ablative | sudyadanfrom the judge | sudyamdanfrom my judge | sudyaŋdanfrom your judge | sudyasındanfrom his judge | sudyabızdanfrom our judge | sudyağızdanfrom you all's judge | sudyalarındanfrom their judges |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | sudyalathe judges | sudyalarımmy judges | sudyalarıŋyour judges | sudyalarıhis judges | sudyalarıbızour judges | sudyalarığızyou all's judges | sudyalarıtheir judges |
| Genitive | sudyalanıthe judges' | sudyalarımımy judges' | sudyalarıŋıyour judges' | sudyalarınıhis judges' | sudyalarıbıznıour judges' | sudyalarığıznıyou all's judges' | sudyalarınıtheir judges' |
| Accusative | sudyalanıthe judges (as the object) | sudyalarımımy judges (as the object) | sudyalarıŋıyour judges (as the object) | sudyalarınhis judges (as the object) | sudyalarıbıznıour judges (as the object) | sudyalarığıznıyou all's judges (as the object) | sudyalarıntheir judges (as the object) |
| Dative | sudyalağato the judges | sudyalarımato my judges | sudyalarıŋato your judges | sudyalarınato his judges | sudyalarıbızğato our judges | sudyalarığızğato you all's judges | sudyalarınato their judges |
| Locative | sudyaladain / at the judges | sudyalarımdain / at my judges | sudyalarıŋdain / at your judges | sudyalarındain / at his judges | sudyalarıbızdain / at our judges | sudyalarığızdain / at you all's judges | sudyalarındain / at their judges |
| Ablative | sudyaladanfrom the judges | sudyalarımdanfrom my judges | sudyalarıŋdanfrom your judges | sudyalarındanfrom his judges | sudyalarıbızdanfrom our judges | sudyalarığızdanfrom you all's judges | sudyalarındanfrom their judges |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: sudyaları can mean "his / her judges", "their judge", or "their judges" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | sudyanıqıthe judge's one | sudyanıqılathe judge's ones | sudyalanıqıthe judges' one | sudyalanıqılathe judges' ones |
| Genitive | sudyanıqınıof the judge's one | sudyanıqılanıof the judge's ones | sudyalanıqınıof the judges' one | sudyalanıqılanıof the judges' ones |
| Accusative | sudyanıqınthe judge's one (as the object) | sudyanıqılanıthe judge's ones (as the object) | sudyalanıqınthe judges' one (as the object) | sudyalanıqılanıthe judges' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | sudyanıqınato the judge's one | sudyanıqılağato the judge's ones | sudyalanıqınato the judges' one | sudyalanıqılağato the judges' ones |
| Locative | sudyanıqındain / at the judge's one | sudyanıqıladain / at the judge's ones | sudyalanıqındain / at the judges' one | sudyalanıqıladain / at the judges' ones |
| Ablative | sudyanıqındanfrom the judge's one | sudyanıqıladanfrom the judge's ones | sudyalanıqındanfrom the judges' one | sudyalanıqıladanfrom the judges' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.