seskendirirge
/seskendirirɡe/
startle, frighten, make someone start, give someone a fright, alarm
- anı qıçırığı adamlanı seskendirdi — his shout startled the people
- jaşnı seskendirirge — to startle the young man
- ol tawuş anı seskendirdi — that noise startled him
- meni seskendirdiŋ — you startled me
- sabiyni seskendirmegiz — do not startle the child
- jaşçıq sabiyni seskendirdi — the little boy startled the child
Conjugation
Common forms
- seskendiredihe is startling
- seskendirdihe startled
- seskendirgendihe has startled
- seskendirirhe will startle
- seskendirlikdihe is going to startle
- seskendire edihe was startling
- seskendirseif he startles
- seskendir!startle!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menseskendiremeI am startling | senseskendireseyou are startling | olseskendiredihe is startling | bizseskendirebizwe are startling | sizseskendiresizyou all are startling | alaseskendiredilethey are startling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menseskendirmeymeI am not startling | senseskendirmeyseyou are not startling | olseskendirmeydihe is not startling | bizseskendirmeybizwe are not startling | sizseskendirmeysizyou all are not startling | alaseskendirmeydilethey are not startling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menseskendirememi? seskendiremime?am I startling? | senseskendiremise?are you startling? | olseskendiremidi?is he startling? | bizseskendirebizmi? seskendiremibiz?are we startling? | sizseskendiremisiz?are you all startling? | alaseskendiremidile?are they startling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menseskendirmeymemi? seskendirmeymime?aren't I startling? | senseskendirmeymise?aren't you startling? | olseskendirmeymidi?isn't he startling? | bizseskendirmeybizmi? seskendirmeymibiz?aren't we startling? | sizseskendirmeymisiz?aren't you all startling? | alaseskendirmeymidile?aren't they startling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menseskendiriwçenmeI usually startle | senseskendiriwçenseyou usually startle | olseskendiriwçendihe usually startles | bizseskendiriwçenbizwe usually startle | sizseskendiriwçensizyou all usually startle | alaseskendiriwçendilethey usually startle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menseskendirmewçenmeI usually don't startle | senseskendirmewçenseyou usually don't startle | olseskendirmewçendihe usually doesn't startle | bizseskendirmewçenbizwe usually don't startle | sizseskendirmewçensizyou all usually don't startle | alaseskendirmewçendilethey usually don't startle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menseskendiriwçenmemi? seskendiriwçenmime?do I usually startle? | senseskendiriwçenmise?do you usually startle? | olseskendiriwçenmidi?does he usually startle? | bizseskendiriwçenbizmi? seskendiriwçenmibiz?do we usually startle? | sizseskendiriwçenmisiz?do you all usually startle? | alaseskendiriwçenmidile?do they usually startle? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menseskendirmewçenmemi? seskendirmewçenmime?do I usually not startle? | senseskendirmewçenmise?do you usually not startle? | olseskendirmewçenmidi?does he usually not startle? | bizseskendirmewçenbizmi? seskendirmewçenmibiz?do we usually not startle? | sizseskendirmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not startle? | alaseskendirmewçenmidile?do they usually not startle? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olseskendiribdihe has startled and remains so | alaseskendiribdilethey have startled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olseskendiribmidi?has he startled? | alaseskendiribmidile?have they startled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menseskendirib turamaI keep startling | senseskendirib turasayou keep startling | olseskendirib turadıhe keeps startling | bizseskendirib turabızwe keep startling | sizseskendirib turasızyou all keep startling | alaseskendirib turadılathey keep startling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menseskendirib turmaymaI don't keep startling | senseskendirib turmaysayou don't keep startling | olseskendirib turmaydıhe doesn't keep startling | bizseskendirib turmaybızwe don't keep startling | sizseskendirib turmaysızyou all don't keep startling | alaseskendirib turmaydılathey don't keep startling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menseskendirib turamamı? seskendirib turamıma?do I keep startling? | senseskendirib turamısa?do you keep startling? | olseskendirib turamıdı?does he keep startling? | bizseskendirib turabızmı? seskendirib turamıbız?do we keep startling? | sizseskendirib turamısız?do you all keep startling? | alaseskendirib turamıdıla?do they keep startling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menseskendirib turmaymamı? seskendirib turmaymıma?don't I keep startling? | senseskendirib turmaymısa?don't you keep startling? | olseskendirib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep startling? | bizseskendirib turmaybızmı? seskendirib turmaymıbız?don't we keep startling? | sizseskendirib turmaymısız?don't you all keep startling? | alaseskendirib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep startling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menseskendire turamaI am in the middle of startling | senseskendire turasayou are in the middle of startling | olseskendire turadıhe is in the middle of startling | bizseskendire turabızwe are in the middle of startling | sizseskendire turasızyou all are in the middle of startling | alaseskendire turadılathey are in the middle of startling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menseskendire turmaymaI am not in the middle of startling | senseskendire turmaysayou are not in the middle of startling | olseskendire turmaydıhe is not in the middle of startling | bizseskendire turmaybızwe are not in the middle of startling | sizseskendire turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of startling | alaseskendire turmaydılathey are not in the middle of startling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menseskendire turamamı? seskendire turamıma?am I in the middle of startling? | senseskendire turamısa?are you in the middle of startling? | olseskendire turamıdı?is he in the middle of startling? | bizseskendire turabızmı? seskendire turamıbız?are we in the middle of startling? | sizseskendire turamısız?are you all in the middle of startling? | alaseskendire turamıdıla?are they in the middle of startling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menseskendire turmaymamı? seskendire turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of startling? | senseskendire turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of startling? | olseskendire turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of startling? | bizseskendire turmaybızmı? seskendire turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of startling? | sizseskendire turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of startling? | alaseskendire turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of startling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menseskendirdimI startled | senseskendirdiŋyou startled | olseskendirdihe startled | bizseskendirdikwe startled | sizseskendirdigizyou all startled | alaseskendirdilethey startled |
| Simple past (definite) | menseskendirmedimI didn't startle | senseskendirmediŋyou didn't startle | olseskendirmedihe didn't startle | bizseskendirmedikwe didn't startle | sizseskendirmedigizyou all didn't startle | alaseskendirmedilethey didn't startle |
| Simple past (definite) | menseskendirdimmi?did I startle? | senseskendirdiŋmi?did you startle? | olseskendirdimi?did he startle? | bizseskendirdikmi?did we startle? | sizseskendirdigizmi?did you all startle? | alaseskendirdilemi?did they startle? |
| Simple past (definite) | menseskendirmedimmi?didn't I startle? | senseskendirmediŋmi?didn't you startle? | olseskendirmedimi?didn't he startle? | bizseskendirmedikmi?didn't we startle? | sizseskendirmedigizmi?didn't you all startle? | alaseskendirmedilemi?didn't they startle? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menseskendirgenmeI have startled | senseskendirgenseyou have startled | olseskendirgendihe has startled | bizseskendirgenbizwe have startled | sizseskendirgensizyou all have startled | alaseskendirgendilethey have startled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menseskendirmegenmeI haven't startled | senseskendirmegenseyou haven't startled | olseskendirmegendihe hasn't startled | bizseskendirmegenbizwe haven't startled | sizseskendirmegensizyou all haven't startled | alaseskendirmegendilethey haven't startled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menseskendirgenmemi? seskendirgenmime?have I startled? | senseskendirgenmise?have you startled? | olseskendirgenmidi?has he startled? | bizseskendirgenbizmi? seskendirgenmibiz?have we startled? | sizseskendirgenmisiz?have you all startled? | alaseskendirgenmidile?have they startled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menseskendirmegenmemi? seskendirmegenmime?haven't I startled? | senseskendirmegenmise?haven't you startled? | olseskendirmegenmidi?hasn't he startled? | bizseskendirmegenbizmi? seskendirmegenmibiz?haven't we startled? | sizseskendirmegenmisiz?haven't you all startled? | alaseskendirmegenmidile?haven't they startled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menseskendirib turdumI kept startling | senseskendirib turduŋyou kept startling | olseskendirib turduhe kept startling | bizseskendirib turduqwe kept startling | sizseskendirib turduğuzyou all kept startling | alaseskendirib turdulathey kept startling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menseskendirib turmadımI didn't keep startling | senseskendirib turmadıŋyou didn't keep startling | olseskendirib turmadıhe didn't keep startling | bizseskendirib turmadıqwe didn't keep startling | sizseskendirib turmadığızyou all didn't keep startling | alaseskendirib turmadılathey didn't keep startling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menseskendirirmeI will startle | senseskendirirseyou will startle | olseskendirirhe will startle | bizseskendirirbizwe will startle | sizseskendirirsizyou all will startle | alaseskendirirlethey will startle |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menseskendirmezmeI won't startle | senseskendirmezseyou won't startle | olseskendirmezhe won't startle | bizseskendirmezbizwe won't startle | sizseskendirmezsizyou all won't startle | alaseskendirmezlethey won't startle |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menseskendirirmemi? seskendirirmime?will I startle? | senseskendirirmise?will you startle? | olseskendirirmi?will he startle? | bizseskendirirbizmi? seskendirirmibiz?will we startle? | sizseskendirirmisiz?will you all startle? | alaseskendirirlemi? seskendirirmile?will they startle? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menseskendirmezmemi? seskendirmezmime?won't I startle? | senseskendirmezmise?won't you startle? | olseskendirmezmi?won't he startle? | bizseskendirmezbizmi? seskendirmezmibiz?won't we startle? | sizseskendirmezmisiz?won't you all startle? | alaseskendirmezlemi? seskendirmezmile?won't they startle? |
| Definite future (future II) | menseskendirlikme1seskendirrikmeI am going to startle | senseskendirlikse1seskendirrikseyou are going to startle | olseskendirlikdi1seskendirrikdihe is going to startle | bizseskendirlikbiz1seskendirrikbizwe are going to startle | sizseskendirliksiz1seskendirriksizyou all are going to startle | alaseskendirlikdile1seskendirrikdilethey are going to startle |
| Definite future (future II) | menseskendirlik tülme1seskendirrik tülmeI am not going to startle | senseskendirlik tülse1seskendirrik tülseyou are not going to startle | olseskendirlik tüldü1seskendirrik tüldühe is not going to startle | bizseskendirlik tülbüz1seskendirrik tülbüzwe are not going to startle | sizseskendirlik tülsüz1seskendirrik tülsüzyou all are not going to startle | alaseskendirlik tüldüle1seskendirrik tüldülethey are not going to startle |
| Definite future (future II) | menseskendirlikmemi?1 seskendirlikmime?seskendirrikmemi?am I going to startle? | senseskendirlikmise?1seskendirrikmise?are you going to startle? | olseskendirlikmidi?1seskendirrikmidi?is he going to startle? | bizseskendirlikbizmi?1 seskendirlikmibiz?seskendirrikbizmi?are we going to startle? | sizseskendirlikmisiz?1seskendirrikmisiz?are you all going to startle? | alaseskendirlikmidile?1seskendirrikmidile?are they going to startle? |
| Definite future (future II) | menseskendirlik tülmüme?1seskendirrik tülmüme?aren't I going to startle? | senseskendirlik tülmüse?1seskendirrik tülmüse?aren't you going to startle? | olseskendirlik tülmüdü?1seskendirrik tülmüdü?isn't he going to startle? | bizseskendirlik tülmübüz?1seskendirrik tülmübüz?aren't we going to startle? | sizseskendirlik tülmüsüz?1seskendirrik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to startle? | alaseskendirlik tülmüdüle?1seskendirrik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to startle? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so seskendirrikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menseskendirgen edimseskendirgenemI had startled | senseskendirgen ediŋseskendirgeneŋyou had startled | olseskendirgen ediseskendirgenedhe had startled | bizseskendirgen edikseskendirgenekwe had startled | sizseskendirgen edigizseskendirgenegizyou all had startled | alaseskendirgen edileseskendirgenellethey had startled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menseskendirmegen edimseskendirmegenemI hadn't startled | senseskendirmegen ediŋseskendirmegeneŋyou hadn't startled | olseskendirmegen ediseskendirmegenedhe hadn't startled | bizseskendirmegen edikseskendirmegenekwe hadn't startled | sizseskendirmegen edigizseskendirmegenegizyou all hadn't startled | alaseskendirmegen edileseskendirmegenellethey hadn't startled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menseskendire edimseskendiremI was startling | senseskendire ediŋseskendireŋyou were startling | olseskendire ediseskendiredhe was startling | bizseskendire edikseskendirekwe were startling | sizseskendire edigizseskendiregizyou all were startling | alaseskendire edileseskendirellethey were startling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menseskendirmey edimseskendirmeyemI wasn't startling | senseskendirmey ediŋseskendirmeyeŋyou weren't startling | olseskendirmey ediseskendirmeyedhe wasn't startling | bizseskendirmey edikseskendirmeyekwe weren't startling | sizseskendirmey edigizseskendirmeyegizyou all weren't startling | alaseskendirmey edileseskendirmeyellethey weren't startling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menseskendiriwçen edimseskendiriwçenemI used to startle | senseskendiriwçen ediŋseskendiriwçeneŋyou used to startle | olseskendiriwçen ediseskendiriwçenedhe used to startle | bizseskendiriwçen edikseskendiriwçenekwe used to startle | sizseskendiriwçen edigizseskendiriwçenegizyou all used to startle | alaseskendiriwçen edileseskendiriwçenellethey used to startle |
| Habitual past (used to) | menseskendirmewçen edimseskendirmewçenemI didn't use to startle | senseskendirmewçen ediŋseskendirmewçeneŋyou didn't use to startle | olseskendirmewçen ediseskendirmewçenedhe didn't use to startle | bizseskendirmewçen edikseskendirmewçenekwe didn't use to startle | sizseskendirmewçen edigizseskendirmewçenegizyou all didn't use to startle | alaseskendirmewçen edileseskendirmewçenellethey didn't use to startle |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olseskendirib edihe had startled and remained so | alaseskendirib edilethey had startled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olseskendirib tül edihe hadn't startled | alaseskendirib tül edilethey hadn't startled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menseskendirib tura edimseskendirib turaemI had kept startling | senseskendirib tura ediŋseskendirib turaeŋyou had kept startling | olseskendirib tura ediseskendirib turaedhe had kept startling | bizseskendirib tura edikseskendirib turaekwe had kept startling | sizseskendirib tura edigizseskendirib turaegizyou all had kept startling | alaseskendirib tura edileseskendirib turaellethey had kept startling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menseskendirib turmay edimseskendirib turmayemI hadn't kept startling | senseskendirib turmay ediŋseskendirib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept startling | olseskendirib turmay ediseskendirib turmayedhe hadn't kept startling | bizseskendirib turmay edikseskendirib turmayekwe hadn't kept startling | sizseskendirib turmay edigizseskendirib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept startling | alaseskendirib turmay edileseskendirib turmayellethey hadn't kept startling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menseskendire tura edimseskendire turaemI was in the middle of startling | senseskendire tura ediŋseskendire turaeŋyou were in the middle of startling | olseskendire tura ediseskendire turaedhe was in the middle of startling | bizseskendire tura edikseskendire turaekwe were in the middle of startling | sizseskendire tura edigizseskendire turaegizyou all were in the middle of startling | alaseskendire tura edileseskendire turaellethey were in the middle of startling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menseskendire turmay edimseskendire turmayemI wasn't in the middle of startling | senseskendire turmay ediŋseskendire turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of startling | olseskendire turmay ediseskendire turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of startling | bizseskendire turmay edikseskendire turmayekwe weren't in the middle of startling | sizseskendire turmay edigizseskendire turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of startling | alaseskendire turmay edileseskendire turmayellethey weren't in the middle of startling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menseskendirir edimseskendirir emI would startle | senseskendirir ediŋseskendirir eŋyou would startle | olseskendirir ediseskendirir edhe would startle | bizseskendirir edikseskendirir ekwe would startle | sizseskendirir edigizseskendirir egizyou all would startle | alaseskendirir edileseskendirir ellethey would startle |
| Conditional result (would) | menseskendirmez edimseskendirmez emI wouldn't startle | senseskendirmez ediŋseskendirmez eŋyou wouldn't startle | olseskendirmez ediseskendirmez edhe wouldn't startle | bizseskendirmez edikseskendirmez ekwe wouldn't startle | sizseskendirmez edigizseskendirmez egizyou all wouldn't startle | alaseskendirmez edileseskendirmez ellethey wouldn't startle |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menseskendirlik edim2seskendirlik emseskendirrik edimI would have startled | senseskendirlik ediŋ2seskendirlik eŋseskendirrik ediŋyou would have startled | olseskendirlik edi2seskendirlik edseskendirrik edihe would have startled | bizseskendirlik edik2seskendirlik ekseskendirrik edikwe would have startled | sizseskendirlik edigiz2seskendirlik egizseskendirrik edigizyou all would have startled | alaseskendirlik edile2seskendirlik elleseskendirrik edilethey would have startled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menseskendirlik tül edim2seskendirlik tül emseskendirrik tül edimI wouldn't have startled | senseskendirlik tül ediŋ2seskendirlik tül eŋseskendirrik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have startled | olseskendirlik tül edi2seskendirlik tül edseskendirrik tül edihe wouldn't have startled | bizseskendirlik tül edik2seskendirlik tül ekseskendirrik tül edikwe wouldn't have startled | sizseskendirlik tül edigiz2seskendirlik tül egizseskendirrik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have startled | alaseskendirlik tül edile2seskendirlik tül elleseskendirrik tül edilethey wouldn't have startled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so seskendirrik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menseskendirsemif I startle | senseskendirseŋif you startle | olseskendirseif he startles | bizseskendirsekif we startle | sizseskendirsegizif you all startle | alaseskendirseleif they startle |
| Conditional | menseskendirmesemif I don't startle | senseskendirmeseŋif you don't startle | olseskendirmeseif he doesn't startle | bizseskendirmesekif we don't startle | sizseskendirmesegizif you all don't startle | alaseskendirmeseleif they don't startle |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menseskendire esemif I am startling | senseskendire eseŋif you are startling | olseskendire eseif he is startling | bizseskendire esekif we are startling | sizseskendire esegizif you all are startling | alaseskendire eseleif they are startling |
| Conditional, present real | menseskendirmey esemif I am not startling | senseskendirmey eseŋif you are not startling | olseskendirmey eseif he is not startling | bizseskendirmey esekif we are not startling | sizseskendirmey esegizif you all are not startling | alaseskendirmey eseleif they are not startling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menseskendirsem ediseskendirsem edif only I startled | senseskendirseŋ ediseskendirseŋ edif only you startled | olseskendirse ediseskendirsedif only he startled | bizseskendirsek ediseskendirsek edif only we startled | sizseskendirsegiz ediseskendirsegiz edif only you all startled | alaseskendirsele ediseskendirseledif only they startled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menseskendirmesem ediseskendirmesem edif only I didn't startle | senseskendirmeseŋ ediseskendirmeseŋ edif only you didn't startle | olseskendirmese ediseskendirmesedif only he didn't startle | bizseskendirmesek ediseskendirmesek edif only we didn't startle | sizseskendirmesegiz ediseskendirmesegiz edif only you all didn't startle | alaseskendirmesele ediseskendirmeseledif only they didn't startle |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menseskendirib tursamif I carry on startling | senseskendirib tursaŋif you carry on startling | olseskendirib tursaif he carries on startling | bizseskendirib tursaqif we carry on startling | sizseskendirib tursağızif you all carry on startling | alaseskendirib tursalaif they carry on startling |
| Durative conditional | menseskendirib turmasamif I don't carry on startling | senseskendirib turmasaŋif you don't carry on startling | olseskendirib turmasaif he doesn't carry on startling | bizseskendirib turmasaqif we don't carry on startling | sizseskendirib turmasağızif you all don't carry on startling | alaseskendirib turmasalaif they don't carry on startling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menseskendirib tura esemif I have kept startling | senseskendirib tura eseŋif you have kept startling | olseskendirib tura eseif he has kept startling | bizseskendirib tura esekif we have kept startling | sizseskendirib tura esegizif you all have kept startling | alaseskendirib tura eseleif they have kept startling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menseskendirib turmay esemif I haven't kept startling | senseskendirib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept startling | olseskendirib turmay eseif he hasn't kept startling | bizseskendirib turmay esekif we haven't kept startling | sizseskendirib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept startling | alaseskendirib turmay eseleif they haven't kept startling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menseskendire tursamif I keep startling | senseskendire tursaŋif you keep startling | olseskendire tursaif he keeps startling | bizseskendire tursaqif we keep startling | sizseskendire tursağızif you all keep startling | alaseskendire tursalaif they keep startling |
| Progressive conditional | menseskendirmey tursamif I keep on not startling | senseskendirmey tursaŋif you keep on not startling | olseskendirmey tursaif he keeps on not startling | bizseskendirmey tursaqif we keep on not startling | sizseskendirmey tursağızif you all keep on not startling | alaseskendirmey tursalaif they keep on not startling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menseskendire tura esemif I am in the middle of startling | senseskendire tura eseŋif you are in the middle of startling | olseskendire tura eseif he is in the middle of startling | bizseskendire tura esekif we are in the middle of startling | sizseskendire tura esegizif you all are in the middle of startling | alaseskendire tura eseleif they are in the middle of startling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menseskendirmey tura esemif I keep on not startling | senseskendirmey tura eseŋif you keep on not startling | olseskendirmey tura eseif he keeps on not startling | bizseskendirmey tura esekif we keep on not startling | sizseskendirmey tura esegizif you all keep on not startling | alaseskendirmey tura eseleif they keep on not startling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menseskendirdim esemif I startled | senseskendirdiŋ eseŋif you startled | olseskendirdi eseif he startled | bizseskendirdik esekif we startled | sizseskendirdigiz esegizif you all startled | alaseskendirdile eseleif they startled |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menseskendirmedim esemif I didn't startle | senseskendirmediŋ eseŋif you didn't startle | olseskendirmedi eseif he didn't startle | bizseskendirmedik esekif we didn't startle | sizseskendirmedigiz esegizif you all didn't startle | alaseskendirmedile eseleif they didn't startle |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menseskendirgen esemif I did startle (indeed) | senseskendirgen eseŋif you did startle (indeed) | olseskendirgen eseif he did startle (indeed) | bizseskendirgen esekif we did startle (indeed) | sizseskendirgen esegizif you all did startle (indeed) | alaseskendirgen eseleif they did startle (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menseskendirmegen esemif I didn't startle (indeed) | senseskendirmegen eseŋif you didn't startle (indeed) | olseskendirmegen eseif he didn't startle (indeed) | bizseskendirmegen esekif we didn't startle (indeed) | sizseskendirmegen esegizif you all didn't startle (indeed) | alaseskendirmegen eseleif they didn't startle (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menseskendirgen bolsamif I had startled | senseskendirgen bolsaŋif you had startled | olseskendirgen bolsaif he had startled | bizseskendirgen bolsaqif we had startled | sizseskendirgen bolsağızif you all had startled | alaseskendirgen bolsalaif they had startled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menseskendirmegen bolsamif I hadn't startled | senseskendirmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't startled | olseskendirmegen bolsaif he hadn't startled | bizseskendirmegen bolsaqif we hadn't startled | sizseskendirmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't startled | alaseskendirmegen bolsalaif they hadn't startled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menseskendirgen bolsam ediseskendirgen bolsam edif only I had startled | senseskendirgen bolsaŋ ediseskendirgen bolsaŋ edif only you had startled | olseskendirgen bolsa ediseskendirgen bolsaedif only he had startled | bizseskendirgen bolsaq ediseskendirgen bolsaq edif only we had startled | sizseskendirgen bolsağız ediseskendirgen bolsağız edif only you all had startled | alaseskendirgen bolsala ediseskendirgen bolsalaedif only they had startled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menseskendirmegen bolsam ediseskendirmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't startled | senseskendirmegen bolsaŋ ediseskendirmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't startled | olseskendirmegen bolsa ediseskendirmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't startled | bizseskendirmegen bolsaq ediseskendirmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't startled | sizseskendirmegen bolsağız ediseskendirmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't startled | alaseskendirmegen bolsala ediseskendirmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't startled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menseskendirir esemif I will startle | senseskendirir eseŋif you will startle | olseskendirir eseif he will startle | bizseskendirir esekif we will startle | sizseskendirir esegizif you all will startle | alaseskendirir eseleif they will startle |
| Conditional, aorist | menseskendirmez esemif I won't startle | senseskendirmez eseŋif you won't startle | olseskendirmez eseif he won't startle | bizseskendirmez esekif we won't startle | sizseskendirmez esegizif you all won't startle | alaseskendirmez eseleif they won't startle |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menseskendirlik esem4seskendirrik esemif I am going to startle | senseskendirlik eseŋ4seskendirrik eseŋif you are going to startle | olseskendirlik ese4seskendirrik eseif he is going to startle | bizseskendirlik esek4seskendirrik esekif we are going to startle | sizseskendirlik esegiz4seskendirrik esegizif you all are going to startle | alaseskendirlik esele4seskendirrik eseleif they are going to startle |
| Conditional, future | menseskendirlik tül esem4seskendirrik tül esemif I am not going to startle | senseskendirlik tül eseŋ4seskendirrik tül eseŋif you are not going to startle | olseskendirlik tül ese4seskendirrik tül eseif he is not going to startle | bizseskendirlik tül esek4seskendirrik tül esekif we are not going to startle | sizseskendirlik tül esegiz4seskendirrik tül esegizif you all are not going to startle | alaseskendirlik tül esele4seskendirrik tül eseleif they are not going to startle |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menseskendirlik bolsam5seskendirrik bolsamif I were going to startle | senseskendirlik bolsaŋ5seskendirrik bolsaŋif you were going to startle | olseskendirlik bolsa5seskendirrik bolsaif he were going to startle | bizseskendirlik bolsaq5seskendirrik bolsaqif we were going to startle | sizseskendirlik bolsağız5seskendirrik bolsağızif you all were going to startle | alaseskendirlik bolsala5seskendirrik bolsalaif they were going to startle |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menseskendirmezlik bolsamif I were not going to startle | senseskendirmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to startle | olseskendirmezlik bolsaif he were not going to startle | bizseskendirmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to startle | sizseskendirmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to startle | alaseskendirmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to startle |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso seskendirdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so seskendirrik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so seskendirrik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menseskendire bolurmaI must be startling | senseskendire bolursayou must be startling | olseskendire bolurhe must be startling | bizseskendire bolurbuzwe must be startling | sizseskendire bolursuzyou all must be startling | alaseskendire bolurlathey must be startling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menseskendirmey bolurmaI must not be startling | senseskendirmey bolursayou must not be startling | olseskendirmey bolurhe must not be startling | bizseskendirmey bolurbuzwe must not be startling | sizseskendirmey bolursuzyou all must not be startling | alaseskendirmey bolurlathey must not be startling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menseskendire tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of startling | senseskendire tura bolursayou must be in the middle of startling | olseskendire tura bolurhe must be in the middle of startling | bizseskendire tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of startling | sizseskendire tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of startling | alaseskendire tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of startling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menseskendirmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not startling | senseskendirmey tura bolursayou must keep on not startling | olseskendirmey tura bolurhe must keep on not startling | bizseskendirmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not startling | sizseskendirmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not startling | alaseskendirmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not startling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menseskendirgen bolurmaI must have startled | senseskendirgen bolursayou must have startled | olseskendirgen bolurhe must have startled | bizseskendirgen bolurbuzwe must have startled | sizseskendirgen bolursuzyou all must have startled | alaseskendirgen bolurlathey must have startled |
| Inference (must have) | menseskendirmegen bolurmaI must not have startled | senseskendirmegen bolursayou must not have startled | olseskendirmegen bolurhe must not have startled | bizseskendirmegen bolurbuzwe must not have startled | sizseskendirmegen bolursuzyou all must not have startled | alaseskendirmegen bolurlathey must not have startled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menseskendirlik bolurma6seskendirrik bolurmaI must be going to startle | senseskendirlik bolursa6seskendirrik bolursayou must be going to startle | olseskendirlik bolur6seskendirrik bolurhe must be going to startle | bizseskendirlik bolurbuz6seskendirrik bolurbuzwe must be going to startle | sizseskendirlik bolursuz6seskendirrik bolursuzyou all must be going to startle | alaseskendirlik bolurla6seskendirrik bolurlathey must be going to startle |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menseskendirmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to startle | senseskendirmezlik bolursayou must not be going to startle | olseskendirmezlik bolurhe must not be going to startle | bizseskendirmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to startle | sizseskendirmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to startle | alaseskendirmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to startle |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so seskendirrik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menseskendireyimlet me startle | senseskendir!startle! | olseskendirsinlet him startle | bizseskendireyiklet's startle | sizseskendirigiz!startle, you all! | alaseskendirsinlelet them startle |
| Commands & suggestions | menseskendirmeyimlet me not startle | senseskendirme!don't startle! | olseskendirmesinlet him not startle | bizseskendirmeyiklet's not startle | sizseskendirmegiz!don't startle, you all! | alaseskendirmesinlelet them not startle |
| Commands & suggestions | menseskendireyimmi?shall I startle? | olseskendirsinmi?should he startle? | bizseskendireyikmi?shall we startle? | alaseskendirsinlemi?should they startle? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menseskendirmeyimmi?shall I not startle? | olseskendirmesinmi?should he not startle? | bizseskendirmeyikmi?shall we not startle? | alaseskendirmesinlemi?should they not startle? | ||
| Requests | senseskendirçi7seskendirçinplease startle | olseskendirsinçido let him startle | sizseskendirçigizplease startle (plural/polite) | alaseskendirsinleçido let them startle | ||
| Requests | senseskendirmeçi7seskendirmeçinplease don't startle | olseskendirmesinçido let him not startle | sizseskendirmeçigizplease don't startle (plural/polite) | alaseskendirmesinleçido let them not startle | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senseskendirginseskendirgimay you startle | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senseskendirmeginseskendirmegimay you not startle | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menseskendirgey edim seskendirge edimwould that I startled | senseskendirgey ediŋ seskendirge ediŋwould that you startled | olseskendirgey edi seskendirge ediwould that he startled | bizseskendirgey edik seskendirge edikwould that we startled | sizseskendirgey edigiz seskendirge edigizwould that you all startled | alaseskendirgey edile seskendirge edilewould that they startled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menseskendirmegey edim seskendirmege edimwould that I did not startle | senseskendirmegey ediŋ seskendirmege ediŋwould that you did not startle | olseskendirmegey edi seskendirmege ediwould that he did not startle | bizseskendirmegey edik seskendirmege edikwould that we did not startle | sizseskendirmegey edigiz seskendirmege edigizwould that you all did not startle | alaseskendirmegey edile seskendirmege edilewould that they did not startle |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menseskendirmege qoyayımseskendirme qoyayımlet me allow someone to startle | senseskendirmege qoy!seskendirme qoy!let someone startle! | olseskendirmege qoysunseskendirme qoysunlet him allow someone to startle | bizseskendirmege qoyayıqseskendirme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to startle | sizseskendirmege qoyuğuz!seskendirme qoyuğuz!let someone startle, you all! | alaseskendirmege qoysunlaseskendirme qoysunlalet them allow someone to startle |
| Let someone… (commands) | menseskendirmege qoymayımseskendirme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to startle | senseskendirmege qoyma!seskendirme qoyma!don't let someone startle! | olseskendirmege qoymasınseskendirme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to startle | bizseskendirmege qoymayıqseskendirme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to startle | sizseskendirmege qoymağız!seskendirme qoymağız!don't let someone startle, you all! | alaseskendirmege qoymasınlaseskendirme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to startle |
| Let someone… (commands) | menseskendirmege qoyayımmı?seskendirme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to startle? | olseskendirmege qoysunmu?seskendirme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to startle? | bizseskendirmege qoyayıqmı?seskendirme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to startle? | alaseskendirmege qoysunlamı?seskendirme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to startle? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menseskendirmege qoymayımmı?seskendirme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to startle? | olseskendirmege qoymasınmı?seskendirme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to startle? | bizseskendirmege qoymayıqmı?seskendirme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to startle? | alaseskendirmege qoymasınlamı?seskendirme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to startle? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menseskendirmege qoyamaseskendirme qoyamaI allow someone to startle | senseskendirmege qoyasaseskendirme qoyasayou allow someone to startle | olseskendirmege qoyadıseskendirme qoyadıhe allows someone to startle | bizseskendirmege qoyabızseskendirme qoyabızwe allow someone to startle | sizseskendirmege qoyasızseskendirme qoyasızyou all allow someone to startle | alaseskendirmege qoyadılaseskendirme qoyadılathey allow someone to startle |
| Let someone… (present) | menseskendirmege qoymaymaseskendirme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to startle | senseskendirmege qoymaysaseskendirme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to startle | olseskendirmege qoymaydıseskendirme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to startle | bizseskendirmege qoymaybızseskendirme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to startle | sizseskendirmege qoymaysızseskendirme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to startle | alaseskendirmege qoymaydılaseskendirme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to startle |
| Let someone… (present) | menseskendirmege qoyamamı?seskendirme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to startle? | senseskendirmege qoyamısa?seskendirme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to startle? | olseskendirmege qoyamıdı?seskendirme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to startle? | bizseskendirmege qoyabızmı?seskendirme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to startle? | sizseskendirmege qoyamısız?seskendirme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to startle? | alaseskendirmege qoyamıdıla?seskendirme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to startle? |
| Let someone… (present) | menseskendirmege qoymaymamı?seskendirme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to startle? | senseskendirmege qoymaymısa?seskendirme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to startle? | olseskendirmege qoymaymıdı?seskendirme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to startle? | bizseskendirmege qoymaybızmı?seskendirme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to startle? | sizseskendirmege qoymaymısız?seskendirme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to startle? | alaseskendirmege qoymaymıdıla?seskendirme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to startle? |
| Let someone… (past) | menseskendirmege qoydumseskendirme qoydumI allowed someone to startle | senseskendirmege qoyduŋseskendirme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to startle | olseskendirmege qoyduseskendirme qoyduhe allowed someone to startle | bizseskendirmege qoyduqseskendirme qoyduqwe allowed someone to startle | sizseskendirmege qoyduğuzseskendirme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to startle | alaseskendirmege qoydulaseskendirme qoydulathey allowed someone to startle |
| Let someone… (past) | menseskendirmege qoymadımseskendirme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to startle | senseskendirmege qoymadıŋseskendirme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to startle | olseskendirmege qoymadıseskendirme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to startle | bizseskendirmege qoymadıqseskendirme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to startle | sizseskendirmege qoymadığızseskendirme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to startle | alaseskendirmege qoymadılaseskendirme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to startle |
| Let someone… (past) | menseskendirmege qoydummu?seskendirme qoydummu?did I allow someone to startle? | senseskendirmege qoyduŋmu?seskendirme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to startle? | olseskendirmege qoydumu?seskendirme qoydumu?did he allow someone to startle? | bizseskendirmege qoyduqmu?seskendirme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to startle? | sizseskendirmege qoyduğuzmu?seskendirme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to startle? | alaseskendirmege qoydulamı?seskendirme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to startle? |
| Let someone… (past) | menseskendirmege qoymadımmı?seskendirme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to startle? | senseskendirmege qoymadıŋmı?seskendirme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to startle? | olseskendirmege qoymadımı?seskendirme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to startle? | bizseskendirmege qoymadıqmı?seskendirme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to startle? | sizseskendirmege qoymadığızmı?seskendirme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to startle? | alaseskendirmege qoymadılamı?seskendirme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to startle? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menseskendiralamaI can startle | senseskendiralasayou can startle | olseskendiraladıhe can startle | bizseskendiralabızwe can startle | sizseskendiralasızyou all can startle | alaseskendiraladılathey can startle |
| Ability — present | menseskendiralmaymaI can't startle | senseskendiralmaysayou can't startle | olseskendiralmaydıhe can't startle | bizseskendiralmaybızwe can't startle | sizseskendiralmaysızyou all can't startle | alaseskendiralmaydılathey can't startle |
| Ability — present | menseskendiralamamı? seskendiralamıma?can I startle? | senseskendiralamısa?can you startle? | olseskendiralamıdı?can he startle? | bizseskendiralabızmı? seskendiralamıbız?can we startle? | sizseskendiralamısız?can you all startle? | alaseskendiralamıdıla?can they startle? |
| Ability — present | menseskendiralmaymamı? seskendiralmaymıma?can't I startle? | senseskendiralmaymısa?can't you startle? | olseskendiralmaymıdı?can't he startle? | bizseskendiralmaybızmı? seskendiralmaymıbız?can't we startle? | sizseskendiralmaymısız?can't you all startle? | alaseskendiralmaymıdıla?can't they startle? |
| Ability — if I can… | menseskendiralsamif I can startle | senseskendiralsaŋif you can startle | olseskendiralsaif he can startle | bizseskendiralsaqif we can startle | sizseskendiralsağızif you all can startle | alaseskendiralsalaif they can startle |
| Ability — if I can… | menseskendiralmasamif I can't startle | senseskendiralmasaŋif you can't startle | olseskendiralmasaif he can't startle | bizseskendiralmasaqif we can't startle | sizseskendiralmasağızif you all can't startle | alaseskendiralmasalaif they can't startle |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menseskendiraldımI was able to startle | senseskendiraldıŋyou were able to startle | olseskendiraldıhe was able to startle | bizseskendiraldıqwe were able to startle | sizseskendiraldığızyou all were able to startle | alaseskendiraldılathey were able to startle |
| Ability — simple past | menseskendiralmadımI could not startle | senseskendiralmadıŋyou could not startle | olseskendiralmadıhe could not startle | bizseskendiralmadıqwe could not startle | sizseskendiralmadığızyou all could not startle | alaseskendiralmadılathey could not startle |
| Ability — simple past | menseskendiraldımmı?was I able to startle? | senseskendiraldıŋmı?were you able to startle? | olseskendiraldımı?was he able to startle? | bizseskendiraldıqmı?were we able to startle? | sizseskendiraldığızmı?were you all able to startle? | alaseskendiraldılamı?were they able to startle? |
| Ability — simple past | menseskendiralmadımmı?couldn't I startle? | senseskendiralmadıŋmı?couldn't you startle? | olseskendiralmadımı?couldn't he startle? | bizseskendiralmadıqmı?couldn't we startle? | sizseskendiralmadığızmı?couldn't you all startle? | alaseskendiralmadılamı?couldn't they startle? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menseskendiralğanmaI have been able to startle | senseskendiralğansayou have been able to startle | olseskendiralğandıhe has been able to startle | bizseskendiralğanbızwe have been able to startle | sizseskendiralğansızyou all have been able to startle | alaseskendiralğandılathey have been able to startle |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menseskendiralmağanmaI haven't been able to startle | senseskendiralmağansayou haven't been able to startle | olseskendiralmağandıhe hasn't been able to startle | bizseskendiralmağanbızwe haven't been able to startle | sizseskendiralmağansızyou all haven't been able to startle | alaseskendiralmağandılathey haven't been able to startle |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menseskendiralğanmamı? seskendiralğanmıma?have I been able to startle? | senseskendiralğanmısa?have you been able to startle? | olseskendiralğanmıdı?has he been able to startle? | bizseskendiralğanbızmı? seskendiralğanmıbız?have we been able to startle? | sizseskendiralğanmısız?have you all been able to startle? | alaseskendiralğanmıdıla?have they been able to startle? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menseskendiralmağanmamı? seskendiralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to startle? | senseskendiralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to startle? | olseskendiralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to startle? | bizseskendiralmağanbızmı? seskendiralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to startle? | sizseskendiralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to startle? | alaseskendiralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to startle? |
| Ability — past perfect | menseskendiralğan edimseskendiralğanemI had been able to startle | senseskendiralğan ediŋseskendiralğaneŋyou had been able to startle | olseskendiralğan ediseskendiralğanedhe had been able to startle | bizseskendiralğan edikseskendiralğanekwe had been able to startle | sizseskendiralğan edigizseskendiralğanegizyou all had been able to startle | alaseskendiralğan edileseskendiralğanellethey had been able to startle |
| Ability — past perfect | menseskendiralmağan edimseskendiralmağanemI hadn't been able to startle | senseskendiralmağan ediŋseskendiralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to startle | olseskendiralmağan ediseskendiralmağanedhe hadn't been able to startle | bizseskendiralmağan edikseskendiralmağanekwe hadn't been able to startle | sizseskendiralmağan edigizseskendiralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to startle | alaseskendiralmağan edileseskendiralmağanellethey hadn't been able to startle |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menseskendirala edimseskendiralaemI could startle | senseskendirala ediŋseskendiralaeŋyou could startle | olseskendirala ediseskendiralaedhe could startle | bizseskendirala edikseskendiralaekwe could startle | sizseskendirala edigizseskendiralaegizyou all could startle | alaseskendirala edileseskendiralaellethey could startle |
| Ability — past background | menseskendiralmay edimseskendiralmayemI could not startle | senseskendiralmay ediŋseskendiralmayeŋyou could not startle | olseskendiralmay ediseskendiralmayedhe could not startle | bizseskendiralmay edikseskendiralmayekwe could not startle | sizseskendiralmay edigizseskendiralmayegizyou all could not startle | alaseskendiralmay edileseskendiralmayellethey could not startle |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menseskendiralırmaI will be able to startle | senseskendiralırsayou will be able to startle | olseskendiralırhe will be able to startle | bizseskendiralırbızwe will be able to startle | sizseskendiralırsızyou all will be able to startle | alaseskendiralırlathey will be able to startle |
| Ability — future I | menseskendiralmazmaI won't be able to startle | senseskendiralmazsayou won't be able to startle | olseskendiralmazhe won't be able to startle | bizseskendiralmazbızwe won't be able to startle | sizseskendiralmazsızyou all won't be able to startle | alaseskendiralmazlathey won't be able to startle |
| Ability — future I | menseskendiralırmamı? seskendiralırmıma?will I be able to startle? | senseskendiralırmısa?will you be able to startle? | olseskendiralırmı?will he be able to startle? | bizseskendiralırbızmı? seskendiralırmıbız?will we be able to startle? | sizseskendiralırmısız?will you all be able to startle? | alaseskendiralırlamı? seskendiralırmıla?will they be able to startle? |
| Ability — future I | menseskendiralmazmamı? seskendiralmazmıma?won't I be able to startle? | senseskendiralmazmısa?won't you be able to startle? | olseskendiralmazmı?won't he be able to startle? | bizseskendiralmazbızmı? seskendiralmazmıbız?won't we be able to startle? | sizseskendiralmazmısız?won't you all be able to startle? | alaseskendiralmazlamı? seskendiralmazmıla?won't they be able to startle? |
| Ability — future II | menseskendirallıqmaI am going to be able to startle | senseskendirallıqsayou are going to be able to startle | olseskendirallıqdıhe is going to be able to startle | bizseskendirallıqbızwe are going to be able to startle | sizseskendirallıqsızyou all are going to be able to startle | alaseskendirallıqdılathey are going to be able to startle |
| Ability — future II | menseskendirallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to startle | senseskendirallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to startle | olseskendirallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to startle | bizseskendirallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to startle | sizseskendirallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to startle | alaseskendirallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to startle |
| Ability — future II | menseskendirallıqmamı? seskendirallıqmıma?am I going to be able to startle? | senseskendirallıqmısa?are you going to be able to startle? | olseskendirallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to startle? | bizseskendirallıqbızmı? seskendirallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to startle? | sizseskendirallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to startle? | alaseskendirallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to startle? |
| Ability — future II | menseskendirallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to startle? | senseskendirallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to startle? | olseskendirallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to startle? | bizseskendirallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to startle? | sizseskendirallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to startle? | alaseskendirallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to startle? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menseskendiralır edimseskendiralır emI would be able to startle | senseskendiralır ediŋseskendiralır eŋyou would be able to startle | olseskendiralır ediseskendiralır edhe would be able to startle | bizseskendiralır edikseskendiralır ekwe would be able to startle | sizseskendiralır edigizseskendiralır egizyou all would be able to startle | alaseskendiralır edileseskendiralır ellethey would be able to startle |
| Ability — would be able to… | menseskendiralmaz edimseskendiralmaz emI wouldn't be able to startle | senseskendiralmaz ediŋseskendiralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to startle | olseskendiralmaz ediseskendiralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to startle | bizseskendiralmaz edikseskendiralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to startle | sizseskendiralmaz edigizseskendiralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to startle | alaseskendiralmaz edileseskendiralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to startle |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senseskendiralğınseskendiralğımay you be able to startle | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senseskendiralmağınseskendiralmağımay you not be able to startle | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menseskendirirge izleymeI want to startle | senseskendirirge izleyseyou want to startle | olseskendirirge izleydihe wants to startle | bizseskendirirge izleybizwe want to startle | sizseskendirirge izleysizyou all want to startle | alaseskendirirge izleydilethey want to startle |
| want to | menseskendirirge izlemeymeI do not want to startle | senseskendirirge izlemeyseyou do not want to startle | olseskendirirge izlemeydihe does not want to startle | bizseskendirirge izlemeybizwe do not want to startle | sizseskendirirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to startle | alaseskendirirge izlemeydilethey do not want to startle |
| would like to | menseskendirirge süemeI would like to startle | senseskendirirge süeseyou would like to startle | olseskendirirge süedihe would like to startle | bizseskendirirge süebizwe would like to startle | sizseskendirirge süesizyou all would like to startle | alaseskendirirge süedilethey would like to startle |
| would like to | menseskendirirge süymeymeI would not like to startle | senseskendirirge süymeyseyou would not like to startle | olseskendirirge süymeydihe would not like to startle | bizseskendirirge süymeybizwe would not like to startle | sizseskendirirge süymeysizyou all would not like to startle | alaseskendirirge süymeydilethey would not like to startle |
| hope to | menseskendirirge umutlanamaI hope to startle | senseskendirirge umutlanasayou hope to startle | olseskendirirge umutlanadıhe hopes to startle | bizseskendirirge umutlanabızwe hope to startle | sizseskendirirge umutlanasızyou all hope to startle | alaseskendirirge umutlanadılathey hope to startle |
| hope to | menseskendirirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to startle | senseskendirirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to startle | olseskendirirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to startle | bizseskendirirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to startle | sizseskendirirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to startle | alaseskendirirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to startle |
| be about to | menseskendirirge deb turamaI am about to startle | senseskendirirge deb turasayou are about to startle | olseskendirirge deb turadıhe is about to startle | bizseskendirirge deb turabızwe are about to startle | sizseskendirirge deb turasızyou all are about to startle | alaseskendirirge deb turadılathey are about to startle |
| be about to | menseskendirirge deb turmaymaI am not about to startle | senseskendirirge deb turmaysayou are not about to startle | olseskendirirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to startle | bizseskendirirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to startle | sizseskendirirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to startle | alaseskendirirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to startle |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menseskendirirge kerekmeI need to startle | senseskendirirge kerekseyou need to startle | olseskendirirge kerekdihe needs to startle | bizseskendirirge kerekbizwe need to startle | sizseskendirirge kereksizyou all need to startle | alaseskendirirge kerekdilethey need to startle |
| need to | menseskendirirge kerek tülmeI do not need to startle | senseskendirirge kerek tülseyou do not need to startle | olseskendirirge kerek tüldühe does not need to startle | bizseskendirirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to startle | sizseskendirirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to startle | alaseskendirirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to startle |
| have to | menmenŋe seskendirirge tüşediI have to startle | sensenŋe seskendirirge tüşediyou have to startle | olaŋa seskendirirge tüşedihe has to startle | bizbizge seskendirirge tüşediwe have to startle | sizsizge seskendirirge tüşediyou all have to startle | alaalağa seskendirirge tüşedithey have to startle |
| have to | menmenŋe seskendirirge tüşmeydiI do not have to startle | sensenŋe seskendirirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to startle | olaŋa seskendirirge tüşmeydihe does not have to startle | bizbizge seskendirirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to startle | sizsizge seskendirirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to startle | alaalağa seskendirirge tüşmeydithey do not have to startle |
| be obliged to | menseskendirirge borçlumaI am obliged to startle | senseskendirirge borçlusayou are obliged to startle | olseskendirirge borçluduhe is obliged to startle | bizseskendirirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to startle | sizseskendirirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to startle | alaseskendirirge borçludulathey are obliged to startle |
| be obliged to | menseskendirirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to startle | senseskendirirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to startle | olseskendirirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to startle | bizseskendirirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to startle | sizseskendirirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to startle | alaseskendirirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to startle |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menseskendirirge madarım bardıI have a way to startle | senseskendirirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to startle | olseskendirirge madarı bardıhe has a way to startle | bizseskendirirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to startle | sizseskendirirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to startle | alaseskendirirge madarları bardıthey have a way to startle |
| have a way to | menseskendirirge madarım joqduI have no way to startle | senseskendirirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to startle | olseskendirirge madarı joqduhe has no way to startle | bizseskendirirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to startle | sizseskendirirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to startle | alaseskendirirge madarları joqduthey have no way to startle |
| be free to | menseskendirirge erkinligim bardıI am free to startle | senseskendirirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to startle | olseskendirirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to startle | bizseskendirirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to startle | sizseskendirirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to startle | alaseskendirirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to startle |
| be free to | menseskendirirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to startle | senseskendirirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to startle | olseskendirirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to startle | bizseskendirirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to startle | sizseskendirirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to startle | alaseskendirirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to startle |
| be possible to | menmenŋe seskendirirge bolluqduit is possible for me to startle | sensenŋe seskendirirge bolluqduit is possible for you to startle | olaŋa seskendirirge bolluqduit is possible for him to startle | bizbizge seskendirirge bolluqduit is possible for us to startle | sizsizge seskendirirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to startle | alaalağa seskendirirge bolluqduit is possible for them to startle |
| be possible to | menmenŋe seskendirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to startle | sensenŋe seskendirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to startle | olaŋa seskendirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to startle | bizbizge seskendirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to startle | sizsizge seskendirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to startle | alaalağa seskendirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to startle |
| be ready to | menseskendirirge hazırmaI am ready to startle | senseskendirirge hazırsayou are ready to startle | olseskendirirge hazırdıhe is ready to startle | bizseskendirirge hazırbızwe are ready to startle | sizseskendirirge hazırsızyou all are ready to startle | alaseskendirirge hazırdılathey are ready to startle |
| be ready to | menseskendirirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to startle | senseskendirirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to startle | olseskendirirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to startle | bizseskendirirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to startle | sizseskendirirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to startle | alaseskendirirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to startle |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menseskendirirge küreşemeI am trying to startle | senseskendirirge küreşeseyou are trying to startle | olseskendirirge küreşedihe is trying to startle | bizseskendirirge küreşebizwe are trying to startle | sizseskendirirge küreşesizyou all are trying to startle | alaseskendirirge küreşedilethey are trying to startle |
| try to | menseskendirirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to startle | senseskendirirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to startle | olseskendirirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to startle | bizseskendirirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to startle | sizseskendirirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to startle | alaseskendirirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to startle |
| agree to | menseskendirirge unaymaI agree to startle | senseskendirirge unaysayou agree to startle | olseskendirirge unaydıhe agrees to startle | bizseskendirirge unaybızwe agree to startle | sizseskendirirge unaysızyou all agree to startle | alaseskendirirge unaydılathey agree to startle |
| agree to | menseskendirirge unamaymaI refuse to startle | senseskendirirge unamaysayou refuse to startle | olseskendirirge unamaydıhe refuses to startle | bizseskendirirge unamaybızwe refuse to startle | sizseskendirirge unamaysızyou all refuse to startle | alaseskendirirge unamaydılathey refuse to startle |
| hurry to | menseskendirirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to startle | senseskendirirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to startle | olseskendirirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to startle | bizseskendirirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to startle | sizseskendirirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to startle | alaseskendirirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to startle |
| hurry to | menseskendirirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to startle | senseskendirirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to startle | olseskendirirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to startle | bizseskendirirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to startle | sizseskendirirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to startle | alaseskendirirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to startle |
| be afraid to | menseskendirirge qorqamaI am afraid to startle | senseskendirirge qorqasayou are afraid to startle | olseskendirirge qorqadıhe is afraid to startle | bizseskendirirge qorqabızwe are afraid to startle | sizseskendirirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to startle | alaseskendirirge qorqadılathey are afraid to startle |
| be afraid to | menseskendirirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to startle | senseskendirirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to startle | olseskendirirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to startle | bizseskendirirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to startle | sizseskendirirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to startle | alaseskendirirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to startle |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menseskendire bolmazmaI can't be startling | senseskendire bolmazsayou can't be startling | olseskendire bolmazhe can't be startling | bizseskendire bolmazbızwe can't be startling | sizseskendire bolmazsızyou all can't be startling | alaseskendire bolmazlathey can't be startling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menseskendirmey bolmazmaI must be startling (emphatic) | senseskendirmey bolmazsayou must be startling (emphatic) | olseskendirmey bolmazhe must be startling (emphatic) | bizseskendirmey bolmazbızwe must be startling (emphatic) | sizseskendirmey bolmazsızyou all must be startling (emphatic) | alaseskendirmey bolmazlathey must be startling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menseskendire turmasamif I don't keep startling | senseskendire turmasaŋif you don't keep startling | olseskendire turmasaif he doesn't keep startling | bizseskendire turmasaqif we don't keep startling | sizseskendire turmasağızif you all don't keep startling | alaseskendire turmasalaif they don't keep startling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menseskendire tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of startling | senseskendire tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of startling | olseskendire tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of startling | bizseskendire tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of startling | sizseskendire tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of startling | alaseskendire tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of startling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menseskendirmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not startling (emphatic) | senseskendirmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not startling (emphatic) | olseskendirmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not startling (emphatic) | bizseskendirmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not startling (emphatic) | sizseskendirmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not startling (emphatic) | alaseskendirmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not startling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menseskendirmey turamaI keep on not startling | senseskendirmey turasayou keep on not startling | olseskendirmey turadıhe keeps on not startling | bizseskendirmey turabızwe keep on not startling | sizseskendirmey turasızyou all keep on not startling | alaseskendirmey turadılathey keep on not startling |
| Progressive — double negation | menseskendirmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not startling | senseskendirmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not startling | olseskendirmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not startling | bizseskendirmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not startling | sizseskendirmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not startling | alaseskendirmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not startling |
| Progressive — double negation | menseskendirmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not startling? | senseskendirmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not startling? | olseskendirmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not startling? | bizseskendirmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not startling? | sizseskendirmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not startling? | alaseskendirmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not startling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menseskendirgen bolmazmaI can't have startled | senseskendirgen bolmazsayou can't have startled | olseskendirgen bolmazhe can't have startled | bizseskendirgen bolmazbızwe can't have startled | sizseskendirgen bolmazsızyou all can't have startled | alaseskendirgen bolmazlathey can't have startled |
| Inference — double negation | menseskendirmegen bolmazmaI must have startled (emphatic) | senseskendirmegen bolmazsayou must have startled (emphatic) | olseskendirmegen bolmazhe must have startled (emphatic) | bizseskendirmegen bolmazbızwe must have startled (emphatic) | sizseskendirmegen bolmazsızyou all must have startled (emphatic) | alaseskendirmegen bolmazlathey must have startled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menseskendirgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had startled | senseskendirgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had startled | olseskendirgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had startled | bizseskendirgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had startled | sizseskendirgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had startled | alaseskendirgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had startled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menseskendirmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't startled | senseskendirmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't startled | olseskendirmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't startled | bizseskendirmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't startled | sizseskendirmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't startled | alaseskendirmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't startled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menseskendirlik bolmazmaI can't be going to startle | senseskendirlik bolmazsayou can't be going to startle | olseskendirlik bolmazhe can't be going to startle | bizseskendirlik bolmazbızwe can't be going to startle | sizseskendirlik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to startle | alaseskendirlik bolmazlathey can't be going to startle |
| Inference, future — double negation | menseskendirmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to startle (emphatic) | senseskendirmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to startle (emphatic) | olseskendirmezlik bolmazhe must be going to startle (emphatic) | bizseskendirmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to startle (emphatic) | sizseskendirmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to startle (emphatic) | alaseskendirmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to startle (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menseskendirlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to startle | senseskendirlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to startle | olseskendirlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to startle | bizseskendirlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to startle | sizseskendirlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to startle | alaseskendirlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to startle |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menseskendirmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to startle | senseskendirmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to startle | olseskendirmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to startle | bizseskendirmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to startle | sizseskendirmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to startle | alaseskendirmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to startle |