quwalarğa
/quwalarʁa/
1. drive on, urge on, hurry along (a horse, a herd)
- atnı quwalarğa — to urge the horse on
- tuwarlanı quwala — drive the cattle on
- sürüwnü sırtha quwalarğa — to drive the flock up to the upland pasture
- malnı quwalab baradı — he is driving the cattle along
- iynekçiklerin sürüwge qoşarğa quwalaydı — drives her little cows along to join them to the herd
2. drive away, chase off, turn out
- elden quwalarğa — to drive someone out of the village
- işden quwalarğa — to dismiss someone from their job
- itni arbazdan quwaladıla — they chased the dog out of the yard
3. chase, run after, pursue
- it qaznı quwalaydı — the dog is chasing the goose
- sabiyçik anasını ızından quwalab baradı — the little child is running after its mother
- allımdağın quwalab barama — I am running after the one ahead of me
- sabiyle bir birni quwalaydıla — the children are chasing one another
Conjugation
Common forms
- quwalaydıhe is driving on
- quwaladıhe drove on
- quwalağandıhe has driven on
- quwalarhe will drive on
- quwalarıqdıhe is going to drive on
- quwalay edihe was driving on
- quwalasaif he drives on
- quwala!drive on!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwalaymaI am driving on | senquwalaysayou are driving on | olquwalaydıhe is driving on | bizquwalaybızwe are driving on | sizquwalaysızyou all are driving on | alaquwalaydılathey are driving on |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwalamaymaI am not driving on | senquwalamaysayou are not driving on | olquwalamaydıhe is not driving on | bizquwalamaybızwe are not driving on | sizquwalamaysızyou all are not driving on | alaquwalamaydılathey are not driving on |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwalaymamı? quwalaymıma?am I driving on? | senquwalaymısa?are you driving on? | olquwalaymıdı?is he driving on? | bizquwalaybızmı? quwalaymıbız?are we driving on? | sizquwalaymısız?are you all driving on? | alaquwalaymıdıla?are they driving on? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwalamaymamı? quwalamaymıma?aren't I driving on? | senquwalamaymısa?aren't you driving on? | olquwalamaymıdı?isn't he driving on? | bizquwalamaybızmı? quwalamaymıbız?aren't we driving on? | sizquwalamaymısız?aren't you all driving on? | alaquwalamaymıdıla?aren't they driving on? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwalawçanmaI usually drive on | senquwalawçansayou usually drive on | olquwalawçandıhe usually drives on | bizquwalawçanbızwe usually drive on | sizquwalawçansızyou all usually drive on | alaquwalawçandılathey usually drive on |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwalamawçanmaI usually don't drive on | senquwalamawçansayou usually don't drive on | olquwalamawçandıhe usually doesn't drive on | bizquwalamawçanbızwe usually don't drive on | sizquwalamawçansızyou all usually don't drive on | alaquwalamawçandılathey usually don't drive on |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwalawçanmamı? quwalawçanmıma?do I usually drive on? | senquwalawçanmısa?do you usually drive on? | olquwalawçanmıdı?does he usually drive on? | bizquwalawçanbızmı? quwalawçanmıbız?do we usually drive on? | sizquwalawçanmısız?do you all usually drive on? | alaquwalawçanmıdıla?do they usually drive on? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwalamawçanmamı? quwalamawçanmıma?do I usually not drive on? | senquwalamawçanmısa?do you usually not drive on? | olquwalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not drive on? | bizquwalamawçanbızmı? quwalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not drive on? | sizquwalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not drive on? | alaquwalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not drive on? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olquwalabdıhe has driven on and remains so | alaquwalabdılathey have driven on and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olquwalabmıdı?has he driven on? | alaquwalabmıdıla?have they driven on? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwalab turamaI keep driving on | senquwalab turasayou keep driving on | olquwalab turadıhe keeps driving on | bizquwalab turabızwe keep driving on | sizquwalab turasızyou all keep driving on | alaquwalab turadılathey keep driving on |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwalab turmaymaI don't keep driving on | senquwalab turmaysayou don't keep driving on | olquwalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep driving on | bizquwalab turmaybızwe don't keep driving on | sizquwalab turmaysızyou all don't keep driving on | alaquwalab turmaydılathey don't keep driving on |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwalab turamamı? quwalab turamıma?do I keep driving on? | senquwalab turamısa?do you keep driving on? | olquwalab turamıdı?does he keep driving on? | bizquwalab turabızmı? quwalab turamıbız?do we keep driving on? | sizquwalab turamısız?do you all keep driving on? | alaquwalab turamıdıla?do they keep driving on? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwalab turmaymamı? quwalab turmaymıma?don't I keep driving on? | senquwalab turmaymısa?don't you keep driving on? | olquwalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep driving on? | bizquwalab turmaybızmı? quwalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep driving on? | sizquwalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep driving on? | alaquwalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep driving on? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwalay turamaI am in the middle of driving on | senquwalay turasayou are in the middle of driving on | olquwalay turadıhe is in the middle of driving on | bizquwalay turabızwe are in the middle of driving on | sizquwalay turasızyou all are in the middle of driving on | alaquwalay turadılathey are in the middle of driving on |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of driving on | senquwalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of driving on | olquwalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of driving on | bizquwalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of driving on | sizquwalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of driving on | alaquwalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of driving on |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwalay turamamı? quwalay turamıma?am I in the middle of driving on? | senquwalay turamısa?are you in the middle of driving on? | olquwalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of driving on? | bizquwalay turabızmı? quwalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of driving on? | sizquwalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of driving on? | alaquwalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of driving on? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwalay turmaymamı? quwalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of driving on? | senquwalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of driving on? | olquwalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of driving on? | bizquwalay turmaybızmı? quwalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of driving on? | sizquwalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of driving on? | alaquwalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of driving on? |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwaladımI drove on | senquwaladıŋyou drove on | olquwaladıhe drove on | bizquwaladıqwe drove on | sizquwaladığızyou all drove on | alaquwaladılathey drove on |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwalamadımI didn't drive on | senquwalamadıŋyou didn't drive on | olquwalamadıhe didn't drive on | bizquwalamadıqwe didn't drive on | sizquwalamadığızyou all didn't drive on | alaquwalamadılathey didn't drive on |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwaladımmı?did I drive on? | senquwaladıŋmı?did you drive on? | olquwaladımı?did he drive on? | bizquwaladıqmı?did we drive on? | sizquwaladığızmı?did you all drive on? | alaquwaladılamı?did they drive on? |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwalamadımmı?didn't I drive on? | senquwalamadıŋmı?didn't you drive on? | olquwalamadımı?didn't he drive on? | bizquwalamadıqmı?didn't we drive on? | sizquwalamadığızmı?didn't you all drive on? | alaquwalamadılamı?didn't they drive on? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwalağanmaI have driven on | senquwalağansayou have driven on | olquwalağandıhe has driven on | bizquwalağanbızwe have driven on | sizquwalağansızyou all have driven on | alaquwalağandılathey have driven on |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwalamağanmaI haven't driven on | senquwalamağansayou haven't driven on | olquwalamağandıhe hasn't driven on | bizquwalamağanbızwe haven't driven on | sizquwalamağansızyou all haven't driven on | alaquwalamağandılathey haven't driven on |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwalağanmamı? quwalağanmıma?have I driven on? | senquwalağanmısa?have you driven on? | olquwalağanmıdı?has he driven on? | bizquwalağanbızmı? quwalağanmıbız?have we driven on? | sizquwalağanmısız?have you all driven on? | alaquwalağanmıdıla?have they driven on? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwalamağanmamı? quwalamağanmıma?haven't I driven on? | senquwalamağanmısa?haven't you driven on? | olquwalamağanmıdı?hasn't he driven on? | bizquwalamağanbızmı? quwalamağanmıbız?haven't we driven on? | sizquwalamağanmısız?haven't you all driven on? | alaquwalamağanmıdıla?haven't they driven on? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menquwalab turdumI kept driving on | senquwalab turduŋyou kept driving on | olquwalab turduhe kept driving on | bizquwalab turduqwe kept driving on | sizquwalab turduğuzyou all kept driving on | alaquwalab turdulathey kept driving on |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menquwalab turmadımI didn't keep driving on | senquwalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep driving on | olquwalab turmadıhe didn't keep driving on | bizquwalab turmadıqwe didn't keep driving on | sizquwalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep driving on | alaquwalab turmadılathey didn't keep driving on |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwalarmaI will drive on | senquwalarsayou will drive on | olquwalarhe will drive on | bizquwalarbızwe will drive on | sizquwalarsızyou all will drive on | alaquwalarlathey will drive on |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwalamazmaI won't drive on | senquwalamazsayou won't drive on | olquwalamazhe won't drive on | bizquwalamazbızwe won't drive on | sizquwalamazsızyou all won't drive on | alaquwalamazlathey won't drive on |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwalarmamı? quwalarmıma?will I drive on? | senquwalarmısa?will you drive on? | olquwalarmı?will he drive on? | bizquwalarbızmı? quwalarmıbız?will we drive on? | sizquwalarmısız?will you all drive on? | alaquwalarlamı? quwalarmıla?will they drive on? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwalamazmamı? quwalamazmıma?won't I drive on? | senquwalamazmısa?won't you drive on? | olquwalamazmı?won't he drive on? | bizquwalamazbızmı? quwalamazmıbız?won't we drive on? | sizquwalamazmısız?won't you all drive on? | alaquwalamazlamı? quwalamazmıla?won't they drive on? |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwalarıqmaI am going to drive on | senquwalarıqsayou are going to drive on | olquwalarıqdıhe is going to drive on | bizquwalarıqbızwe are going to drive on | sizquwalarıqsızyou all are going to drive on | alaquwalarıqdılathey are going to drive on |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwalarıq tülmeI am not going to drive on | senquwalarıq tülseyou are not going to drive on | olquwalarıq tüldühe is not going to drive on | bizquwalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to drive on | sizquwalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to drive on | alaquwalarıq tüldülethey are not going to drive on |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwalarıqmamı? quwalarıqmıma?am I going to drive on? | senquwalarıqmısa?are you going to drive on? | olquwalarıqmıdı?is he going to drive on? | bizquwalarıqbızmı? quwalarıqmıbız?are we going to drive on? | sizquwalarıqmısız?are you all going to drive on? | alaquwalarıqmıdıla?are they going to drive on? |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to drive on? | senquwalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to drive on? | olquwalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to drive on? | bizquwalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to drive on? | sizquwalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to drive on? | alaquwalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to drive on? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menquwalağan edimquwalağanemI had driven on | senquwalağan ediŋquwalağaneŋyou had driven on | olquwalağan ediquwalağanedhe had driven on | bizquwalağan edikquwalağanekwe had driven on | sizquwalağan edigizquwalağanegizyou all had driven on | alaquwalağan edilequwalağanellethey had driven on |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menquwalamağan edimquwalamağanemI hadn't driven on | senquwalamağan ediŋquwalamağaneŋyou hadn't driven on | olquwalamağan ediquwalamağanedhe hadn't driven on | bizquwalamağan edikquwalamağanekwe hadn't driven on | sizquwalamağan edigizquwalamağanegizyou all hadn't driven on | alaquwalamağan edilequwalamağanellethey hadn't driven on |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menquwalay edimquwalayemI was driving on | senquwalay ediŋquwalayeŋyou were driving on | olquwalay ediquwalayedhe was driving on | bizquwalay edikquwalayekwe were driving on | sizquwalay edigizquwalayegizyou all were driving on | alaquwalay edilequwalayellethey were driving on |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menquwalamay edimquwalamayemI wasn't driving on | senquwalamay ediŋquwalamayeŋyou weren't driving on | olquwalamay ediquwalamayedhe wasn't driving on | bizquwalamay edikquwalamayekwe weren't driving on | sizquwalamay edigizquwalamayegizyou all weren't driving on | alaquwalamay edilequwalamayellethey weren't driving on |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menquwalawçan edimquwalawçanemI used to drive on | senquwalawçan ediŋquwalawçaneŋyou used to drive on | olquwalawçan ediquwalawçanedhe used to drive on | bizquwalawçan edikquwalawçanekwe used to drive on | sizquwalawçan edigizquwalawçanegizyou all used to drive on | alaquwalawçan edilequwalawçanellethey used to drive on |
| Habitual past (used to) | menquwalamawçan edimquwalamawçanemI didn't use to drive on | senquwalamawçan ediŋquwalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to drive on | olquwalamawçan ediquwalamawçanedhe didn't use to drive on | bizquwalamawçan edikquwalamawçanekwe didn't use to drive on | sizquwalamawçan edigizquwalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to drive on | alaquwalamawçan edilequwalamawçanellethey didn't use to drive on |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olquwalab edihe had driven on and remained so | alaquwalab edilethey had driven on and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olquwalab tül edihe hadn't driven on | alaquwalab tül edilethey hadn't driven on | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menquwalab tura edimquwalab turaemI had kept driving on | senquwalab tura ediŋquwalab turaeŋyou had kept driving on | olquwalab tura ediquwalab turaedhe had kept driving on | bizquwalab tura edikquwalab turaekwe had kept driving on | sizquwalab tura edigizquwalab turaegizyou all had kept driving on | alaquwalab tura edilequwalab turaellethey had kept driving on |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menquwalab turmay edimquwalab turmayemI hadn't kept driving on | senquwalab turmay ediŋquwalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept driving on | olquwalab turmay ediquwalab turmayedhe hadn't kept driving on | bizquwalab turmay edikquwalab turmayekwe hadn't kept driving on | sizquwalab turmay edigizquwalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept driving on | alaquwalab turmay edilequwalab turmayellethey hadn't kept driving on |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menquwalay tura edimquwalay turaemI was in the middle of driving on | senquwalay tura ediŋquwalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of driving on | olquwalay tura ediquwalay turaedhe was in the middle of driving on | bizquwalay tura edikquwalay turaekwe were in the middle of driving on | sizquwalay tura edigizquwalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of driving on | alaquwalay tura edilequwalay turaellethey were in the middle of driving on |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menquwalay turmay edimquwalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of driving on | senquwalay turmay ediŋquwalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of driving on | olquwalay turmay ediquwalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of driving on | bizquwalay turmay edikquwalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of driving on | sizquwalay turmay edigizquwalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of driving on | alaquwalay turmay edilequwalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of driving on |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menquwalar edimquwalar emI would drive on | senquwalar ediŋquwalar eŋyou would drive on | olquwalar ediquwalar edhe would drive on | bizquwalar edikquwalar ekwe would drive on | sizquwalar edigizquwalar egizyou all would drive on | alaquwalar edilequwalar ellethey would drive on |
| Conditional result (would) | menquwalamaz edimquwalamaz emI wouldn't drive on | senquwalamaz ediŋquwalamaz eŋyou wouldn't drive on | olquwalamaz ediquwalamaz edhe wouldn't drive on | bizquwalamaz edikquwalamaz ekwe wouldn't drive on | sizquwalamaz edigizquwalamaz egizyou all wouldn't drive on | alaquwalamaz edilequwalamaz ellethey wouldn't drive on |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menquwalarıq edimquwalarıq emI would have driven on | senquwalarıq ediŋquwalarıq eŋyou would have driven on | olquwalarıq ediquwalarıq edhe would have driven on | bizquwalarıq edikquwalarıq ekwe would have driven on | sizquwalarıq edigizquwalarıq egizyou all would have driven on | alaquwalarıq edilequwalarıq ellethey would have driven on |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menquwalarıq tül edimquwalarıq tül emI wouldn't have driven on | senquwalarıq tül ediŋquwalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have driven on | olquwalarıq tül ediquwalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have driven on | bizquwalarıq tül edikquwalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have driven on | sizquwalarıq tül edigizquwalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have driven on | alaquwalarıq tül edilequwalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have driven on |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menquwalasamif I drive on | senquwalasaŋif you drive on | olquwalasaif he drives on | bizquwalasaqif we drive on | sizquwalasağızif you all drive on | alaquwalasalaif they drive on |
| Conditional | menquwalamasamif I don't drive on | senquwalamasaŋif you don't drive on | olquwalamasaif he doesn't drive on | bizquwalamasaqif we don't drive on | sizquwalamasağızif you all don't drive on | alaquwalamasalaif they don't drive on |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menquwalay esemif I am driving on | senquwalay eseŋif you are driving on | olquwalay eseif he is driving on | bizquwalay esekif we are driving on | sizquwalay esegizif you all are driving on | alaquwalay eseleif they are driving on |
| Conditional, present real | menquwalamay esemif I am not driving on | senquwalamay eseŋif you are not driving on | olquwalamay eseif he is not driving on | bizquwalamay esekif we are not driving on | sizquwalamay esegizif you all are not driving on | alaquwalamay eseleif they are not driving on |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menquwalasam ediquwalasam edif only I drove on | senquwalasaŋ ediquwalasaŋ edif only you drove on | olquwalasa ediquwalasaedif only he drove on | bizquwalasaq ediquwalasaq edif only we drove on | sizquwalasağız ediquwalasağız edif only you all drove on | alaquwalasala ediquwalasalaedif only they drove on |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menquwalamasam ediquwalamasam edif only I didn't drive on | senquwalamasaŋ ediquwalamasaŋ edif only you didn't drive on | olquwalamasa ediquwalamasaedif only he didn't drive on | bizquwalamasaq ediquwalamasaq edif only we didn't drive on | sizquwalamasağız ediquwalamasağız edif only you all didn't drive on | alaquwalamasala ediquwalamasalaedif only they didn't drive on |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menquwalab tursamif I carry on driving on | senquwalab tursaŋif you carry on driving on | olquwalab tursaif he carries on driving on | bizquwalab tursaqif we carry on driving on | sizquwalab tursağızif you all carry on driving on | alaquwalab tursalaif they carry on driving on |
| Durative conditional | menquwalab turmasamif I don't carry on driving on | senquwalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on driving on | olquwalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on driving on | bizquwalab turmasaqif we don't carry on driving on | sizquwalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on driving on | alaquwalab turmasalaif they don't carry on driving on |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menquwalab tura esemif I have kept driving on | senquwalab tura eseŋif you have kept driving on | olquwalab tura eseif he has kept driving on | bizquwalab tura esekif we have kept driving on | sizquwalab tura esegizif you all have kept driving on | alaquwalab tura eseleif they have kept driving on |
| Durative conditional, present real | menquwalab turmay esemif I haven't kept driving on | senquwalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept driving on | olquwalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept driving on | bizquwalab turmay esekif we haven't kept driving on | sizquwalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept driving on | alaquwalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept driving on |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menquwalay tursamif I keep driving on | senquwalay tursaŋif you keep driving on | olquwalay tursaif he keeps driving on | bizquwalay tursaqif we keep driving on | sizquwalay tursağızif you all keep driving on | alaquwalay tursalaif they keep driving on |
| Progressive conditional | menquwalamay tursamif I keep on not driving on | senquwalamay tursaŋif you keep on not driving on | olquwalamay tursaif he keeps on not driving on | bizquwalamay tursaqif we keep on not driving on | sizquwalamay tursağızif you all keep on not driving on | alaquwalamay tursalaif they keep on not driving on |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menquwalay tura esemif I am in the middle of driving on | senquwalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of driving on | olquwalay tura eseif he is in the middle of driving on | bizquwalay tura esekif we are in the middle of driving on | sizquwalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of driving on | alaquwalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of driving on |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menquwalamay tura esemif I keep on not driving on | senquwalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not driving on | olquwalamay tura eseif he keeps on not driving on | bizquwalamay tura esekif we keep on not driving on | sizquwalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not driving on | alaquwalamay tura eseleif they keep on not driving on |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menquwaladım esemif I drove on | senquwaladıŋ eseŋif you drove on | olquwaladı eseif he drove on | bizquwaladıq esekif we drove on | sizquwaladığız esegizif you all drove on | alaquwaladıla eseleif they drove on |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menquwalamadım esemif I didn't drive on | senquwalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't drive on | olquwalamadı eseif he didn't drive on | bizquwalamadıq esekif we didn't drive on | sizquwalamadığız esegizif you all didn't drive on | alaquwalamadıla eseleif they didn't drive on |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menquwalağan esemif I did drive on (indeed) | senquwalağan eseŋif you did drive on (indeed) | olquwalağan eseif he did drive on (indeed) | bizquwalağan esekif we did drive on (indeed) | sizquwalağan esegizif you all did drive on (indeed) | alaquwalağan eseleif they did drive on (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menquwalamağan esemif I didn't drive on (indeed) | senquwalamağan eseŋif you didn't drive on (indeed) | olquwalamağan eseif he didn't drive on (indeed) | bizquwalamağan esekif we didn't drive on (indeed) | sizquwalamağan esegizif you all didn't drive on (indeed) | alaquwalamağan eseleif they didn't drive on (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menquwalağan bolsamif I had driven on | senquwalağan bolsaŋif you had driven on | olquwalağan bolsaif he had driven on | bizquwalağan bolsaqif we had driven on | sizquwalağan bolsağızif you all had driven on | alaquwalağan bolsalaif they had driven on |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menquwalamağan bolsamif I hadn't driven on | senquwalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't driven on | olquwalamağan bolsaif he hadn't driven on | bizquwalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't driven on | sizquwalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't driven on | alaquwalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't driven on |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menquwalağan bolsam ediquwalağan bolsam edif only I had driven on | senquwalağan bolsaŋ ediquwalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had driven on | olquwalağan bolsa ediquwalağan bolsaedif only he had driven on | bizquwalağan bolsaq ediquwalağan bolsaq edif only we had driven on | sizquwalağan bolsağız ediquwalağan bolsağız edif only you all had driven on | alaquwalağan bolsala ediquwalağan bolsalaedif only they had driven on |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menquwalamağan bolsam ediquwalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't driven on | senquwalamağan bolsaŋ ediquwalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't driven on | olquwalamağan bolsa ediquwalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't driven on | bizquwalamağan bolsaq ediquwalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't driven on | sizquwalamağan bolsağız ediquwalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't driven on | alaquwalamağan bolsala ediquwalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't driven on |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menquwalar esemif I will drive on | senquwalar eseŋif you will drive on | olquwalar eseif he will drive on | bizquwalar esekif we will drive on | sizquwalar esegizif you all will drive on | alaquwalar eseleif they will drive on |
| Conditional, aorist | menquwalamaz esemif I won't drive on | senquwalamaz eseŋif you won't drive on | olquwalamaz eseif he won't drive on | bizquwalamaz esekif we won't drive on | sizquwalamaz esegizif you all won't drive on | alaquwalamaz eseleif they won't drive on |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menquwalarıq esemif I am going to drive on | senquwalarıq eseŋif you are going to drive on | olquwalarıq eseif he is going to drive on | bizquwalarıq esekif we are going to drive on | sizquwalarıq esegizif you all are going to drive on | alaquwalarıq eseleif they are going to drive on |
| Conditional, future | menquwalarıq tül esemif I am not going to drive on | senquwalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to drive on | olquwalarıq tül eseif he is not going to drive on | bizquwalarıq tül esekif we are not going to drive on | sizquwalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to drive on | alaquwalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to drive on |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menquwalarıq bolsamif I were going to drive on | senquwalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to drive on | olquwalarıq bolsaif he were going to drive on | bizquwalarıq bolsaqif we were going to drive on | sizquwalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to drive on | alaquwalarıq bolsalaif they were going to drive on |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menquwalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to drive on | senquwalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to drive on | olquwalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to drive on | bizquwalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to drive on | sizquwalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to drive on | alaquwalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to drive on |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso quwaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menquwalay bolurmaI must be driving on | senquwalay bolursayou must be driving on | olquwalay bolurhe must be driving on | bizquwalay bolurbuzwe must be driving on | sizquwalay bolursuzyou all must be driving on | alaquwalay bolurlathey must be driving on |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menquwalamay bolurmaI must not be driving on | senquwalamay bolursayou must not be driving on | olquwalamay bolurhe must not be driving on | bizquwalamay bolurbuzwe must not be driving on | sizquwalamay bolursuzyou all must not be driving on | alaquwalamay bolurlathey must not be driving on |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menquwalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of driving on | senquwalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of driving on | olquwalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of driving on | bizquwalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of driving on | sizquwalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of driving on | alaquwalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of driving on |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menquwalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not driving on | senquwalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not driving on | olquwalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not driving on | bizquwalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not driving on | sizquwalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not driving on | alaquwalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not driving on |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menquwalağan bolurmaI must have driven on | senquwalağan bolursayou must have driven on | olquwalağan bolurhe must have driven on | bizquwalağan bolurbuzwe must have driven on | sizquwalağan bolursuzyou all must have driven on | alaquwalağan bolurlathey must have driven on |
| Inference (must have) | menquwalamağan bolurmaI must not have driven on | senquwalamağan bolursayou must not have driven on | olquwalamağan bolurhe must not have driven on | bizquwalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have driven on | sizquwalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have driven on | alaquwalamağan bolurlathey must not have driven on |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menquwalarıq bolurmaI must be going to drive on | senquwalarıq bolursayou must be going to drive on | olquwalarıq bolurhe must be going to drive on | bizquwalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to drive on | sizquwalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to drive on | alaquwalarıq bolurlathey must be going to drive on |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menquwalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to drive on | senquwalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to drive on | olquwalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to drive on | bizquwalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to drive on | sizquwalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to drive on | alaquwalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to drive on |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menquwalayımlet me drive on | senquwala!drive on! | olquwalasınlet him drive on | bizquwalayıqlet's drive on | sizquwalağız!drive on, you all! | alaquwalasınlalet them drive on |
| Commands & suggestions | menquwalamayımlet me not drive on | senquwalama!don't drive on! | olquwalamasınlet him not drive on | bizquwalamayıqlet's not drive on | sizquwalamağız!don't drive on, you all! | alaquwalamasınlalet them not drive on |
| Commands & suggestions | menquwalayımmı?shall I drive on? | olquwalasınmı?should he drive on? | bizquwalayıqmı?shall we drive on? | alaquwalasınlamı?should they drive on? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menquwalamayımmı?shall I not drive on? | olquwalamasınmı?should he not drive on? | bizquwalamayıqmı?shall we not drive on? | alaquwalamasınlamı?should they not drive on? | ||
| Requests | senquwalaçı2quwalaçınplease drive on | olquwalasınçıdo let him drive on | sizquwalaçığızplease drive on (plural/polite) | alaquwalasınlaçıdo let them drive on | ||
| Requests | senquwalamaçı2quwalamaçınplease don't drive on | olquwalamasınçıdo let him not drive on | sizquwalamaçığızplease don't drive on (plural/polite) | alaquwalamasınlaçıdo let them not drive on | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senquwalağınquwalağımay you drive on | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senquwalamağınquwalamağımay you not drive on | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menquwalağay edim quwalağa edimwould that I drove on | senquwalağay ediŋ quwalağa ediŋwould that you drove on | olquwalağay edi quwalağa ediwould that he drove on | bizquwalağay edik quwalağa edikwould that we drove on | sizquwalağay edigiz quwalağa edigizwould that you all drove on | alaquwalağay edile quwalağa edilewould that they drove on |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menquwalamağay edim quwalamağa edimwould that I did not drive on | senquwalamağay ediŋ quwalamağa ediŋwould that you did not drive on | olquwalamağay edi quwalamağa ediwould that he did not drive on | bizquwalamağay edik quwalamağa edikwould that we did not drive on | sizquwalamağay edigiz quwalamağa edigizwould that you all did not drive on | alaquwalamağay edile quwalamağa edilewould that they did not drive on |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwalamağa qoyayımquwalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to drive on | senquwalamağa qoy!quwalama qoy!let someone drive on! | olquwalamağa qoysunquwalama qoysunlet him allow someone to drive on | bizquwalamağa qoyayıqquwalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to drive on | sizquwalamağa qoyuğuz!quwalama qoyuğuz!let someone drive on, you all! | alaquwalamağa qoysunlaquwalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to drive on |
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwalamağa qoymayımquwalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to drive on | senquwalamağa qoyma!quwalama qoyma!don't let someone drive on! | olquwalamağa qoymasınquwalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to drive on | bizquwalamağa qoymayıqquwalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to drive on | sizquwalamağa qoymağız!quwalama qoymağız!don't let someone drive on, you all! | alaquwalamağa qoymasınlaquwalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to drive on |
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwalamağa qoyayımmı?quwalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to drive on? | olquwalamağa qoysunmu?quwalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to drive on? | bizquwalamağa qoyayıqmı?quwalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to drive on? | alaquwalamağa qoysunlamı?quwalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to drive on? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwalamağa qoymayımmı?quwalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to drive on? | olquwalamağa qoymasınmı?quwalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to drive on? | bizquwalamağa qoymayıqmı?quwalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to drive on? | alaquwalamağa qoymasınlamı?quwalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to drive on? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menquwalamağa qoyamaquwalama qoyamaI allow someone to drive on | senquwalamağa qoyasaquwalama qoyasayou allow someone to drive on | olquwalamağa qoyadıquwalama qoyadıhe allows someone to drive on | bizquwalamağa qoyabızquwalama qoyabızwe allow someone to drive on | sizquwalamağa qoyasızquwalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to drive on | alaquwalamağa qoyadılaquwalama qoyadılathey allow someone to drive on |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwalamağa qoymaymaquwalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to drive on | senquwalamağa qoymaysaquwalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to drive on | olquwalamağa qoymaydıquwalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to drive on | bizquwalamağa qoymaybızquwalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to drive on | sizquwalamağa qoymaysızquwalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to drive on | alaquwalamağa qoymaydılaquwalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to drive on |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwalamağa qoyamamı?quwalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to drive on? | senquwalamağa qoyamısa?quwalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to drive on? | olquwalamağa qoyamıdı?quwalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to drive on? | bizquwalamağa qoyabızmı?quwalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to drive on? | sizquwalamağa qoyamısız?quwalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to drive on? | alaquwalamağa qoyamıdıla?quwalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to drive on? |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwalamağa qoymaymamı?quwalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to drive on? | senquwalamağa qoymaymısa?quwalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to drive on? | olquwalamağa qoymaymıdı?quwalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to drive on? | bizquwalamağa qoymaybızmı?quwalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to drive on? | sizquwalamağa qoymaymısız?quwalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to drive on? | alaquwalamağa qoymaymıdıla?quwalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to drive on? |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwalamağa qoydumquwalama qoydumI allowed someone to drive on | senquwalamağa qoyduŋquwalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to drive on | olquwalamağa qoyduquwalama qoyduhe allowed someone to drive on | bizquwalamağa qoyduqquwalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to drive on | sizquwalamağa qoyduğuzquwalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to drive on | alaquwalamağa qoydulaquwalama qoydulathey allowed someone to drive on |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwalamağa qoymadımquwalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to drive on | senquwalamağa qoymadıŋquwalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to drive on | olquwalamağa qoymadıquwalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to drive on | bizquwalamağa qoymadıqquwalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to drive on | sizquwalamağa qoymadığızquwalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to drive on | alaquwalamağa qoymadılaquwalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to drive on |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwalamağa qoydummu?quwalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to drive on? | senquwalamağa qoyduŋmu?quwalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to drive on? | olquwalamağa qoydumu?quwalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to drive on? | bizquwalamağa qoyduqmu?quwalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to drive on? | sizquwalamağa qoyduğuzmu?quwalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to drive on? | alaquwalamağa qoydulamı?quwalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to drive on? |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwalamağa qoymadımmı?quwalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to drive on? | senquwalamağa qoymadıŋmı?quwalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to drive on? | olquwalamağa qoymadımı?quwalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to drive on? | bizquwalamağa qoymadıqmı?quwalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to drive on? | sizquwalamağa qoymadığızmı?quwalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to drive on? | alaquwalamağa qoymadılamı?quwalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to drive on? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
quwalayalırğa be able to drive on · quwalayalmazğa be unable to drive on
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menquwalayalamaI can drive on | senquwalayalasayou can drive on | olquwalayaladıhe can drive on | bizquwalayalabızwe can drive on | sizquwalayalasızyou all can drive on | alaquwalayaladılathey can drive on |
| Ability — present | menquwalayalmaymaI can't drive on | senquwalayalmaysayou can't drive on | olquwalayalmaydıhe can't drive on | bizquwalayalmaybızwe can't drive on | sizquwalayalmaysızyou all can't drive on | alaquwalayalmaydılathey can't drive on |
| Ability — present | menquwalayalamamı? quwalayalamıma?can I drive on? | senquwalayalamısa?can you drive on? | olquwalayalamıdı?can he drive on? | bizquwalayalabızmı? quwalayalamıbız?can we drive on? | sizquwalayalamısız?can you all drive on? | alaquwalayalamıdıla?can they drive on? |
| Ability — present | menquwalayalmaymamı? quwalayalmaymıma?can't I drive on? | senquwalayalmaymısa?can't you drive on? | olquwalayalmaymıdı?can't he drive on? | bizquwalayalmaybızmı? quwalayalmaymıbız?can't we drive on? | sizquwalayalmaymısız?can't you all drive on? | alaquwalayalmaymıdıla?can't they drive on? |
| Ability — if I can… | menquwalayalsamif I can drive on | senquwalayalsaŋif you can drive on | olquwalayalsaif he can drive on | bizquwalayalsaqif we can drive on | sizquwalayalsağızif you all can drive on | alaquwalayalsalaif they can drive on |
| Ability — if I can… | menquwalayalmasamif I can't drive on | senquwalayalmasaŋif you can't drive on | olquwalayalmasaif he can't drive on | bizquwalayalmasaqif we can't drive on | sizquwalayalmasağızif you all can't drive on | alaquwalayalmasalaif they can't drive on |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menquwalayaldımI was able to drive on | senquwalayaldıŋyou were able to drive on | olquwalayaldıhe was able to drive on | bizquwalayaldıqwe were able to drive on | sizquwalayaldığızyou all were able to drive on | alaquwalayaldılathey were able to drive on |
| Ability — simple past | menquwalayalmadımI could not drive on | senquwalayalmadıŋyou could not drive on | olquwalayalmadıhe could not drive on | bizquwalayalmadıqwe could not drive on | sizquwalayalmadığızyou all could not drive on | alaquwalayalmadılathey could not drive on |
| Ability — simple past | menquwalayaldımmı?was I able to drive on? | senquwalayaldıŋmı?were you able to drive on? | olquwalayaldımı?was he able to drive on? | bizquwalayaldıqmı?were we able to drive on? | sizquwalayaldığızmı?were you all able to drive on? | alaquwalayaldılamı?were they able to drive on? |
| Ability — simple past | menquwalayalmadımmı?couldn't I drive on? | senquwalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you drive on? | olquwalayalmadımı?couldn't he drive on? | bizquwalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we drive on? | sizquwalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all drive on? | alaquwalayalmadılamı?couldn't they drive on? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwalayalğanmaI have been able to drive on | senquwalayalğansayou have been able to drive on | olquwalayalğandıhe has been able to drive on | bizquwalayalğanbızwe have been able to drive on | sizquwalayalğansızyou all have been able to drive on | alaquwalayalğandılathey have been able to drive on |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to drive on | senquwalayalmağansayou haven't been able to drive on | olquwalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to drive on | bizquwalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to drive on | sizquwalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to drive on | alaquwalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to drive on |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwalayalğanmamı? quwalayalğanmıma?have I been able to drive on? | senquwalayalğanmısa?have you been able to drive on? | olquwalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to drive on? | bizquwalayalğanbızmı? quwalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to drive on? | sizquwalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to drive on? | alaquwalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to drive on? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwalayalmağanmamı? quwalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to drive on? | senquwalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to drive on? | olquwalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to drive on? | bizquwalayalmağanbızmı? quwalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to drive on? | sizquwalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to drive on? | alaquwalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to drive on? |
| Ability — past perfect | menquwalayalğan edimquwalayalğanemI had been able to drive on | senquwalayalğan ediŋquwalayalğaneŋyou had been able to drive on | olquwalayalğan ediquwalayalğanedhe had been able to drive on | bizquwalayalğan edikquwalayalğanekwe had been able to drive on | sizquwalayalğan edigizquwalayalğanegizyou all had been able to drive on | alaquwalayalğan edilequwalayalğanellethey had been able to drive on |
| Ability — past perfect | menquwalayalmağan edimquwalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to drive on | senquwalayalmağan ediŋquwalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to drive on | olquwalayalmağan ediquwalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to drive on | bizquwalayalmağan edikquwalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to drive on | sizquwalayalmağan edigizquwalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to drive on | alaquwalayalmağan edilequwalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to drive on |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menquwalayala edimquwalayalaemI could drive on | senquwalayala ediŋquwalayalaeŋyou could drive on | olquwalayala ediquwalayalaedhe could drive on | bizquwalayala edikquwalayalaekwe could drive on | sizquwalayala edigizquwalayalaegizyou all could drive on | alaquwalayala edilequwalayalaellethey could drive on |
| Ability — past background | menquwalayalmay edimquwalayalmayemI could not drive on | senquwalayalmay ediŋquwalayalmayeŋyou could not drive on | olquwalayalmay ediquwalayalmayedhe could not drive on | bizquwalayalmay edikquwalayalmayekwe could not drive on | sizquwalayalmay edigizquwalayalmayegizyou all could not drive on | alaquwalayalmay edilequwalayalmayellethey could not drive on |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menquwalayalırmaI will be able to drive on | senquwalayalırsayou will be able to drive on | olquwalayalırhe will be able to drive on | bizquwalayalırbızwe will be able to drive on | sizquwalayalırsızyou all will be able to drive on | alaquwalayalırlathey will be able to drive on |
| Ability — future I | menquwalayalmazmaI won't be able to drive on | senquwalayalmazsayou won't be able to drive on | olquwalayalmazhe won't be able to drive on | bizquwalayalmazbızwe won't be able to drive on | sizquwalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to drive on | alaquwalayalmazlathey won't be able to drive on |
| Ability — future I | menquwalayalırmamı? quwalayalırmıma?will I be able to drive on? | senquwalayalırmısa?will you be able to drive on? | olquwalayalırmı?will he be able to drive on? | bizquwalayalırbızmı? quwalayalırmıbız?will we be able to drive on? | sizquwalayalırmısız?will you all be able to drive on? | alaquwalayalırlamı? quwalayalırmıla?will they be able to drive on? |
| Ability — future I | menquwalayalmazmamı? quwalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to drive on? | senquwalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to drive on? | olquwalayalmazmı?won't he be able to drive on? | bizquwalayalmazbızmı? quwalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to drive on? | sizquwalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to drive on? | alaquwalayalmazlamı? quwalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to drive on? |
| Ability — future II | menquwalayallıqmaI am going to be able to drive on | senquwalayallıqsayou are going to be able to drive on | olquwalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to drive on | bizquwalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to drive on | sizquwalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to drive on | alaquwalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to drive on |
| Ability — future II | menquwalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to drive on | senquwalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to drive on | olquwalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to drive on | bizquwalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to drive on | sizquwalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to drive on | alaquwalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to drive on |
| Ability — future II | menquwalayallıqmamı? quwalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to drive on? | senquwalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to drive on? | olquwalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to drive on? | bizquwalayallıqbızmı? quwalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to drive on? | sizquwalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to drive on? | alaquwalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to drive on? |
| Ability — future II | menquwalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to drive on? | senquwalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to drive on? | olquwalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to drive on? | bizquwalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to drive on? | sizquwalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to drive on? | alaquwalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to drive on? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menquwalayalır edimquwalayalır emI would be able to drive on | senquwalayalır ediŋquwalayalır eŋyou would be able to drive on | olquwalayalır ediquwalayalır edhe would be able to drive on | bizquwalayalır edikquwalayalır ekwe would be able to drive on | sizquwalayalır edigizquwalayalır egizyou all would be able to drive on | alaquwalayalır edilequwalayalır ellethey would be able to drive on |
| Ability — would be able to… | menquwalayalmaz edimquwalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to drive on | senquwalayalmaz ediŋquwalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to drive on | olquwalayalmaz ediquwalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to drive on | bizquwalayalmaz edikquwalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to drive on | sizquwalayalmaz edigizquwalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to drive on | alaquwalayalmaz edilequwalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to drive on |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senquwalayalğınquwalayalğımay you be able to drive on | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senquwalayalmağınquwalayalmağımay you not be able to drive on | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menquwalarğa izleymeI want to drive on | senquwalarğa izleyseyou want to drive on | olquwalarğa izleydihe wants to drive on | bizquwalarğa izleybizwe want to drive on | sizquwalarğa izleysizyou all want to drive on | alaquwalarğa izleydilethey want to drive on |
| want to | menquwalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to drive on | senquwalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to drive on | olquwalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to drive on | bizquwalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to drive on | sizquwalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to drive on | alaquwalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to drive on |
| would like to | menquwalarğa süemeI would like to drive on | senquwalarğa süeseyou would like to drive on | olquwalarğa süedihe would like to drive on | bizquwalarğa süebizwe would like to drive on | sizquwalarğa süesizyou all would like to drive on | alaquwalarğa süedilethey would like to drive on |
| would like to | menquwalarğa süymeymeI would not like to drive on | senquwalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to drive on | olquwalarğa süymeydihe would not like to drive on | bizquwalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to drive on | sizquwalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to drive on | alaquwalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to drive on |
| hope to | menquwalarğa umutlanamaI hope to drive on | senquwalarğa umutlanasayou hope to drive on | olquwalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to drive on | bizquwalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to drive on | sizquwalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to drive on | alaquwalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to drive on |
| hope to | menquwalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to drive on | senquwalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to drive on | olquwalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to drive on | bizquwalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to drive on | sizquwalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to drive on | alaquwalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to drive on |
| be about to | menquwalarğa deb turamaI am about to drive on | senquwalarğa deb turasayou are about to drive on | olquwalarğa deb turadıhe is about to drive on | bizquwalarğa deb turabızwe are about to drive on | sizquwalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to drive on | alaquwalarğa deb turadılathey are about to drive on |
| be about to | menquwalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to drive on | senquwalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to drive on | olquwalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to drive on | bizquwalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to drive on | sizquwalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to drive on | alaquwalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to drive on |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menquwalarğa kerekmeI need to drive on | senquwalarğa kerekseyou need to drive on | olquwalarğa kerekdihe needs to drive on | bizquwalarğa kerekbizwe need to drive on | sizquwalarğa kereksizyou all need to drive on | alaquwalarğa kerekdilethey need to drive on |
| need to | menquwalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to drive on | senquwalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to drive on | olquwalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to drive on | bizquwalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to drive on | sizquwalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to drive on | alaquwalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to drive on |
| have to | menmenŋe quwalarğa tüşediI have to drive on | sensenŋe quwalarğa tüşediyou have to drive on | olaŋa quwalarğa tüşedihe has to drive on | bizbizge quwalarğa tüşediwe have to drive on | sizsizge quwalarğa tüşediyou all have to drive on | alaalağa quwalarğa tüşedithey have to drive on |
| have to | menmenŋe quwalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to drive on | sensenŋe quwalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to drive on | olaŋa quwalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to drive on | bizbizge quwalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to drive on | sizsizge quwalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to drive on | alaalağa quwalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to drive on |
| be obliged to | menquwalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to drive on | senquwalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to drive on | olquwalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to drive on | bizquwalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to drive on | sizquwalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to drive on | alaquwalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to drive on |
| be obliged to | menquwalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to drive on | senquwalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to drive on | olquwalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to drive on | bizquwalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to drive on | sizquwalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to drive on | alaquwalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to drive on |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menquwalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to drive on | senquwalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to drive on | olquwalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to drive on | bizquwalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to drive on | sizquwalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to drive on | alaquwalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to drive on |
| have a way to | menquwalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to drive on | senquwalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to drive on | olquwalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to drive on | bizquwalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to drive on | sizquwalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to drive on | alaquwalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to drive on |
| be free to | menquwalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to drive on | senquwalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to drive on | olquwalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to drive on | bizquwalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to drive on | sizquwalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to drive on | alaquwalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to drive on |
| be free to | menquwalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to drive on | senquwalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to drive on | olquwalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to drive on | bizquwalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to drive on | sizquwalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to drive on | alaquwalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to drive on |
| be possible to | menmenŋe quwalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to drive on | sensenŋe quwalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to drive on | olaŋa quwalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to drive on | bizbizge quwalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to drive on | sizsizge quwalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to drive on | alaalağa quwalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to drive on |
| be possible to | menmenŋe quwalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to drive on | sensenŋe quwalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to drive on | olaŋa quwalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to drive on | bizbizge quwalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to drive on | sizsizge quwalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to drive on | alaalağa quwalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to drive on |
| be ready to | menquwalarğa hazırmaI am ready to drive on | senquwalarğa hazırsayou are ready to drive on | olquwalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to drive on | bizquwalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to drive on | sizquwalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to drive on | alaquwalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to drive on |
| be ready to | menquwalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to drive on | senquwalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to drive on | olquwalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to drive on | bizquwalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to drive on | sizquwalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to drive on | alaquwalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to drive on |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menquwalarğa küreşemeI am trying to drive on | senquwalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to drive on | olquwalarğa küreşedihe is trying to drive on | bizquwalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to drive on | sizquwalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to drive on | alaquwalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to drive on |
| try to | menquwalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to drive on | senquwalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to drive on | olquwalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to drive on | bizquwalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to drive on | sizquwalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to drive on | alaquwalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to drive on |
| agree to | menquwalarğa unaymaI agree to drive on | senquwalarğa unaysayou agree to drive on | olquwalarğa unaydıhe agrees to drive on | bizquwalarğa unaybızwe agree to drive on | sizquwalarğa unaysızyou all agree to drive on | alaquwalarğa unaydılathey agree to drive on |
| agree to | menquwalarğa unamaymaI refuse to drive on | senquwalarğa unamaysayou refuse to drive on | olquwalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to drive on | bizquwalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to drive on | sizquwalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to drive on | alaquwalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to drive on |
| hurry to | menquwalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to drive on | senquwalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to drive on | olquwalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to drive on | bizquwalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to drive on | sizquwalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to drive on | alaquwalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to drive on |
| hurry to | menquwalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to drive on | senquwalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to drive on | olquwalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to drive on | bizquwalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to drive on | sizquwalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to drive on | alaquwalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to drive on |
| be afraid to | menquwalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to drive on | senquwalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to drive on | olquwalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to drive on | bizquwalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to drive on | sizquwalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to drive on | alaquwalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to drive on |
| be afraid to | menquwalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to drive on | senquwalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to drive on | olquwalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to drive on | bizquwalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to drive on | sizquwalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to drive on | alaquwalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to drive on |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menquwalay bolmazmaI can't be driving on | senquwalay bolmazsayou can't be driving on | olquwalay bolmazhe can't be driving on | bizquwalay bolmazbızwe can't be driving on | sizquwalay bolmazsızyou all can't be driving on | alaquwalay bolmazlathey can't be driving on |
| Inference, present — double negation | menquwalamay bolmazmaI must be driving on (emphatic) | senquwalamay bolmazsayou must be driving on (emphatic) | olquwalamay bolmazhe must be driving on (emphatic) | bizquwalamay bolmazbızwe must be driving on (emphatic) | sizquwalamay bolmazsızyou all must be driving on (emphatic) | alaquwalamay bolmazlathey must be driving on (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menquwalay turmasamif I don't keep driving on | senquwalay turmasaŋif you don't keep driving on | olquwalay turmasaif he doesn't keep driving on | bizquwalay turmasaqif we don't keep driving on | sizquwalay turmasağızif you all don't keep driving on | alaquwalay turmasalaif they don't keep driving on |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menquwalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of driving on | senquwalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of driving on | olquwalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of driving on | bizquwalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of driving on | sizquwalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of driving on | alaquwalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of driving on |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menquwalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not driving on (emphatic) | senquwalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not driving on (emphatic) | olquwalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not driving on (emphatic) | bizquwalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not driving on (emphatic) | sizquwalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not driving on (emphatic) | alaquwalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not driving on (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menquwalamay turamaI keep on not driving on | senquwalamay turasayou keep on not driving on | olquwalamay turadıhe keeps on not driving on | bizquwalamay turabızwe keep on not driving on | sizquwalamay turasızyou all keep on not driving on | alaquwalamay turadılathey keep on not driving on |
| Progressive — double negation | menquwalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not driving on | senquwalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not driving on | olquwalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not driving on | bizquwalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not driving on | sizquwalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not driving on | alaquwalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not driving on |
| Progressive — double negation | menquwalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not driving on? | senquwalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not driving on? | olquwalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not driving on? | bizquwalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not driving on? | sizquwalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not driving on? | alaquwalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not driving on? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menquwalağan bolmazmaI can't have driven on | senquwalağan bolmazsayou can't have driven on | olquwalağan bolmazhe can't have driven on | bizquwalağan bolmazbızwe can't have driven on | sizquwalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have driven on | alaquwalağan bolmazlathey can't have driven on |
| Inference — double negation | menquwalamağan bolmazmaI must have driven on (emphatic) | senquwalamağan bolmazsayou must have driven on (emphatic) | olquwalamağan bolmazhe must have driven on (emphatic) | bizquwalamağan bolmazbızwe must have driven on (emphatic) | sizquwalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have driven on (emphatic) | alaquwalamağan bolmazlathey must have driven on (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menquwalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had driven on | senquwalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had driven on | olquwalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had driven on | bizquwalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had driven on | sizquwalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had driven on | alaquwalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had driven on |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menquwalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't driven on | senquwalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't driven on | olquwalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't driven on | bizquwalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't driven on | sizquwalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't driven on | alaquwalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't driven on |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menquwalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to drive on | senquwalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to drive on | olquwalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to drive on | bizquwalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to drive on | sizquwalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to drive on | alaquwalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to drive on |
| Inference, future — double negation | menquwalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to drive on (emphatic) | senquwalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to drive on (emphatic) | olquwalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to drive on (emphatic) | bizquwalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to drive on (emphatic) | sizquwalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to drive on (emphatic) | alaquwalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to drive on (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menquwalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to drive on | senquwalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to drive on | olquwalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to drive on | bizquwalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to drive on | sizquwalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to drive on | alaquwalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to drive on |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menquwalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to drive on | senquwalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to drive on | olquwalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to drive on | bizquwalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to drive on | sizquwalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to drive on | alaquwalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to drive on |