qutulurğa
/qutulurʁa/
1. escape, get free of, be rid of, save oneself
- qıyınlıqdan qutulurğa — to get free of the trouble
- türmeden qutulurğa — to escape prison
- qaçıb qutulurğa — to escape by fleeing
- tabsız haldan qutulurğa — to get out of an awkward situation
- qıyın awruwdan qutulurğa — to come through a hard illness
- tınç qutulurğa — to get off lightly
- satıb qutulursa — you will sell it and be rid of it
- bilimi bar miŋ palahdan qutulur — the one who has knowledge will escape a thousand misfortunes
2. flee and hide, take refuge (in a forest or the mountains) — The place is in the dative: ağaçha qutul 'take refuge in the forest', tawğa qutul 'take refuge in the mountains'.
- ağaçha qutul — take refuge in the forest
- tawğa qutul — take refuge in the mountains
- nögerleri bla tarğa qutulğan edi — he had taken refuge in the gorge with his companions
- qorqunçsuz jerge qutulğandan sora — after taking refuge in a safe place
3. be done with something, finish, get something over with — With the ablative it means to be through with something (bu işden qutulduq 'we are done with this job'). Guzeev 1996–2005 and Guzeev 2000 also show it taking a direct object: işni qutul 'finish the work'.
- bu işden qutulduq — we are done with this business
- men işimden qutuldum — I have finished my work
- borçdan qutulurğa — to pay off the debt and be done with it
- boşab qutulurğa — to finish and be done with it
- etib qutulurğa — to get a thing done and be rid of it
4. be delivered of a child, give birth — Also qozlawdan qutulurğa, literally 'be freed from childbirth'.
- qozlawdan qutulurğa — to be delivered of a child
- tişirıw qutuldu — the woman gave birth
- ol qozlawdan qutulğandı — she has been delivered of her child
- kelin qutulsa, qurmanlıq etillikdi — if the bride gives birth, a sacrifice will be made
- qızı bügün qutuldu — her daughter gave birth today
Expressions
- otdan örtenden qutulğan — war survivor
Conjugation
Common forms
- qutuladıhe is escaping
- qutulduhe escaped
- qutulğandıhe has escaped
- qutulurhe will escape
- qutulluqduhe is going to escape
- qutula edihe was escaping
- qutulsaif he escapes
- qutul!escape!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqutulamaI am escaping | senqutulasayou are escaping | olqutuladıhe is escaping | bizqutulabızwe are escaping | sizqutulasızyou all are escaping | alaqutuladılathey are escaping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqutulmaymaI am not escaping | senqutulmaysayou are not escaping | olqutulmaydıhe is not escaping | bizqutulmaybızwe are not escaping | sizqutulmaysızyou all are not escaping | alaqutulmaydılathey are not escaping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqutulamamı? qutulamıma?am I escaping? | senqutulamısa?are you escaping? | olqutulamıdı?is he escaping? | bizqutulabızmı? qutulamıbız?are we escaping? | sizqutulamısız?are you all escaping? | alaqutulamıdıla?are they escaping? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqutulmaymamı? qutulmaymıma?aren't I escaping? | senqutulmaymısa?aren't you escaping? | olqutulmaymıdı?isn't he escaping? | bizqutulmaybızmı? qutulmaymıbız?aren't we escaping? | sizqutulmaymısız?aren't you all escaping? | alaqutulmaymıdıla?aren't they escaping? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqutuluwçanmaI usually escape | senqutuluwçansayou usually escape | olqutuluwçandıhe usually escapes | bizqutuluwçanbızwe usually escape | sizqutuluwçansızyou all usually escape | alaqutuluwçandılathey usually escape |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqutulmawçanmaI usually don't escape | senqutulmawçansayou usually don't escape | olqutulmawçandıhe usually doesn't escape | bizqutulmawçanbızwe usually don't escape | sizqutulmawçansızyou all usually don't escape | alaqutulmawçandılathey usually don't escape |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqutuluwçanmamı? qutuluwçanmıma?do I usually escape? | senqutuluwçanmısa?do you usually escape? | olqutuluwçanmıdı?does he usually escape? | bizqutuluwçanbızmı? qutuluwçanmıbız?do we usually escape? | sizqutuluwçanmısız?do you all usually escape? | alaqutuluwçanmıdıla?do they usually escape? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqutulmawçanmamı? qutulmawçanmıma?do I usually not escape? | senqutulmawçanmısa?do you usually not escape? | olqutulmawçanmıdı?does he usually not escape? | bizqutulmawçanbızmı? qutulmawçanmıbız?do we usually not escape? | sizqutulmawçanmısız?do you all usually not escape? | alaqutulmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not escape? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqutulubduhe has escaped and remains so | alaqutulubdulathey have escaped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqutulubmudu?has he escaped? | alaqutulubmudula?have they escaped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqutulub turamaI keep escaping | senqutulub turasayou keep escaping | olqutulub turadıhe keeps escaping | bizqutulub turabızwe keep escaping | sizqutulub turasızyou all keep escaping | alaqutulub turadılathey keep escaping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqutulub turmaymaI don't keep escaping | senqutulub turmaysayou don't keep escaping | olqutulub turmaydıhe doesn't keep escaping | bizqutulub turmaybızwe don't keep escaping | sizqutulub turmaysızyou all don't keep escaping | alaqutulub turmaydılathey don't keep escaping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqutulub turamamı? qutulub turamıma?do I keep escaping? | senqutulub turamısa?do you keep escaping? | olqutulub turamıdı?does he keep escaping? | bizqutulub turabızmı? qutulub turamıbız?do we keep escaping? | sizqutulub turamısız?do you all keep escaping? | alaqutulub turamıdıla?do they keep escaping? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqutulub turmaymamı? qutulub turmaymıma?don't I keep escaping? | senqutulub turmaymısa?don't you keep escaping? | olqutulub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep escaping? | bizqutulub turmaybızmı? qutulub turmaymıbız?don't we keep escaping? | sizqutulub turmaymısız?don't you all keep escaping? | alaqutulub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep escaping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqutula turamaI am in the middle of escaping | senqutula turasayou are in the middle of escaping | olqutula turadıhe is in the middle of escaping | bizqutula turabızwe are in the middle of escaping | sizqutula turasızyou all are in the middle of escaping | alaqutula turadılathey are in the middle of escaping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqutula turmaymaI am not in the middle of escaping | senqutula turmaysayou are not in the middle of escaping | olqutula turmaydıhe is not in the middle of escaping | bizqutula turmaybızwe are not in the middle of escaping | sizqutula turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of escaping | alaqutula turmaydılathey are not in the middle of escaping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqutula turamamı? qutula turamıma?am I in the middle of escaping? | senqutula turamısa?are you in the middle of escaping? | olqutula turamıdı?is he in the middle of escaping? | bizqutula turabızmı? qutula turamıbız?are we in the middle of escaping? | sizqutula turamısız?are you all in the middle of escaping? | alaqutula turamıdıla?are they in the middle of escaping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqutula turmaymamı? qutula turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of escaping? | senqutula turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of escaping? | olqutula turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of escaping? | bizqutula turmaybızmı? qutula turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of escaping? | sizqutula turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of escaping? | alaqutula turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of escaping? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqutuldumI escaped | senqutulduŋyou escaped | olqutulduhe escaped | bizqutulduqwe escaped | sizqutulduğuzyou all escaped | alaqutuldulathey escaped |
| Simple past (definite) | menqutulmadımI didn't escape | senqutulmadıŋyou didn't escape | olqutulmadıhe didn't escape | bizqutulmadıqwe didn't escape | sizqutulmadığızyou all didn't escape | alaqutulmadılathey didn't escape |
| Simple past (definite) | menqutuldummu?did I escape? | senqutulduŋmu?did you escape? | olqutuldumu?did he escape? | bizqutulduqmu?did we escape? | sizqutulduğuzmu?did you all escape? | alaqutuldulamı?did they escape? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqutulmadımmı?didn't I escape? | senqutulmadıŋmı?didn't you escape? | olqutulmadımı?didn't he escape? | bizqutulmadıqmı?didn't we escape? | sizqutulmadığızmı?didn't you all escape? | alaqutulmadılamı?didn't they escape? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqutulğanmaI have escaped | senqutulğansayou have escaped | olqutulğandıhe has escaped | bizqutulğanbızwe have escaped | sizqutulğansızyou all have escaped | alaqutulğandılathey have escaped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqutulmağanmaI haven't escaped | senqutulmağansayou haven't escaped | olqutulmağandıhe hasn't escaped | bizqutulmağanbızwe haven't escaped | sizqutulmağansızyou all haven't escaped | alaqutulmağandılathey haven't escaped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqutulğanmamı? qutulğanmıma?have I escaped? | senqutulğanmısa?have you escaped? | olqutulğanmıdı?has he escaped? | bizqutulğanbızmı? qutulğanmıbız?have we escaped? | sizqutulğanmısız?have you all escaped? | alaqutulğanmıdıla?have they escaped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqutulmağanmamı? qutulmağanmıma?haven't I escaped? | senqutulmağanmısa?haven't you escaped? | olqutulmağanmıdı?hasn't he escaped? | bizqutulmağanbızmı? qutulmağanmıbız?haven't we escaped? | sizqutulmağanmısız?haven't you all escaped? | alaqutulmağanmıdıla?haven't they escaped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqutulub turdumI kept escaping | senqutulub turduŋyou kept escaping | olqutulub turduhe kept escaping | bizqutulub turduqwe kept escaping | sizqutulub turduğuzyou all kept escaping | alaqutulub turdulathey kept escaping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqutulub turmadımI didn't keep escaping | senqutulub turmadıŋyou didn't keep escaping | olqutulub turmadıhe didn't keep escaping | bizqutulub turmadıqwe didn't keep escaping | sizqutulub turmadığızyou all didn't keep escaping | alaqutulub turmadılathey didn't keep escaping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqutulurmaI will escape | senqutulursayou will escape | olqutulurhe will escape | bizqutulurbuzwe will escape | sizqutulursuzyou all will escape | alaqutulurlathey will escape |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqutulmazmaI won't escape | senqutulmazsayou won't escape | olqutulmazhe won't escape | bizqutulmazbızwe won't escape | sizqutulmazsızyou all won't escape | alaqutulmazlathey won't escape |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqutulurmamı? qutulurmuma?will I escape? | senqutulurmusa?will you escape? | olqutulurmu?will he escape? | bizqutulurbuzmu? qutulurmubuz?will we escape? | sizqutulurmusuz?will you all escape? | alaqutulurlamı? qutulurmula?will they escape? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqutulmazmamı? qutulmazmıma?won't I escape? | senqutulmazmısa?won't you escape? | olqutulmazmı?won't he escape? | bizqutulmazbızmı? qutulmazmıbız?won't we escape? | sizqutulmazmısız?won't you all escape? | alaqutulmazlamı? qutulmazmıla?won't they escape? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqutulluqmaI am going to escape | senqutulluqsayou are going to escape | olqutulluqduhe is going to escape | bizqutulluqbuzwe are going to escape | sizqutulluqsuzyou all are going to escape | alaqutulluqdulathey are going to escape |
| Definite future (future II) | menqutulluq tülmeI am not going to escape | senqutulluq tülseyou are not going to escape | olqutulluq tüldühe is not going to escape | bizqutulluq tülbüzwe are not going to escape | sizqutulluq tülsüzyou all are not going to escape | alaqutulluq tüldülethey are not going to escape |
| Definite future (future II) | menqutulluqmamı? qutulluqmuma?am I going to escape? | senqutulluqmusa?are you going to escape? | olqutulluqmudu?is he going to escape? | bizqutulluqbuzmu? qutulluqmubuz?are we going to escape? | sizqutulluqmusuz?are you all going to escape? | alaqutulluqmudula?are they going to escape? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqutulluq tülmüme?aren't I going to escape? | senqutulluq tülmüse?aren't you going to escape? | olqutulluq tülmüdü?isn't he going to escape? | bizqutulluq tülmübüz?aren't we going to escape? | sizqutulluq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to escape? | alaqutulluq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to escape? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqutulğan edimqutulğanemI had escaped | senqutulğan ediŋqutulğaneŋyou had escaped | olqutulğan ediqutulğanedhe had escaped | bizqutulğan edikqutulğanekwe had escaped | sizqutulğan edigizqutulğanegizyou all had escaped | alaqutulğan edilequtulğanellethey had escaped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqutulmağan edimqutulmağanemI hadn't escaped | senqutulmağan ediŋqutulmağaneŋyou hadn't escaped | olqutulmağan ediqutulmağanedhe hadn't escaped | bizqutulmağan edikqutulmağanekwe hadn't escaped | sizqutulmağan edigizqutulmağanegizyou all hadn't escaped | alaqutulmağan edilequtulmağanellethey hadn't escaped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqutula edimqutulaemI was escaping | senqutula ediŋqutulaeŋyou were escaping | olqutula ediqutulaedhe was escaping | bizqutula edikqutulaekwe were escaping | sizqutula edigizqutulaegizyou all were escaping | alaqutula edilequtulaellethey were escaping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqutulmay edimqutulmayemI wasn't escaping | senqutulmay ediŋqutulmayeŋyou weren't escaping | olqutulmay ediqutulmayedhe wasn't escaping | bizqutulmay edikqutulmayekwe weren't escaping | sizqutulmay edigizqutulmayegizyou all weren't escaping | alaqutulmay edilequtulmayellethey weren't escaping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqutuluwçan edimqutuluwçanemI used to escape | senqutuluwçan ediŋqutuluwçaneŋyou used to escape | olqutuluwçan ediqutuluwçanedhe used to escape | bizqutuluwçan edikqutuluwçanekwe used to escape | sizqutuluwçan edigizqutuluwçanegizyou all used to escape | alaqutuluwçan edilequtuluwçanellethey used to escape |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqutulmawçan edimqutulmawçanemI didn't use to escape | senqutulmawçan ediŋqutulmawçaneŋyou didn't use to escape | olqutulmawçan ediqutulmawçanedhe didn't use to escape | bizqutulmawçan edikqutulmawçanekwe didn't use to escape | sizqutulmawçan edigizqutulmawçanegizyou all didn't use to escape | alaqutulmawçan edilequtulmawçanellethey didn't use to escape |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqutulub edihe had escaped and remained so | alaqutulub edilethey had escaped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqutulub tül edihe hadn't escaped | alaqutulub tül edilethey hadn't escaped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqutulub tura edimqutulub turaemI had kept escaping | senqutulub tura ediŋqutulub turaeŋyou had kept escaping | olqutulub tura ediqutulub turaedhe had kept escaping | bizqutulub tura edikqutulub turaekwe had kept escaping | sizqutulub tura edigizqutulub turaegizyou all had kept escaping | alaqutulub tura edilequtulub turaellethey had kept escaping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqutulub turmay edimqutulub turmayemI hadn't kept escaping | senqutulub turmay ediŋqutulub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept escaping | olqutulub turmay ediqutulub turmayedhe hadn't kept escaping | bizqutulub turmay edikqutulub turmayekwe hadn't kept escaping | sizqutulub turmay edigizqutulub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept escaping | alaqutulub turmay edilequtulub turmayellethey hadn't kept escaping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqutula tura edimqutula turaemI was in the middle of escaping | senqutula tura ediŋqutula turaeŋyou were in the middle of escaping | olqutula tura ediqutula turaedhe was in the middle of escaping | bizqutula tura edikqutula turaekwe were in the middle of escaping | sizqutula tura edigizqutula turaegizyou all were in the middle of escaping | alaqutula tura edilequtula turaellethey were in the middle of escaping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqutula turmay edimqutula turmayemI wasn't in the middle of escaping | senqutula turmay ediŋqutula turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of escaping | olqutula turmay ediqutula turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of escaping | bizqutula turmay edikqutula turmayekwe weren't in the middle of escaping | sizqutula turmay edigizqutula turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of escaping | alaqutula turmay edilequtula turmayellethey weren't in the middle of escaping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqutulur edimqutulur emI would escape | senqutulur ediŋqutulur eŋyou would escape | olqutulur ediqutulur edhe would escape | bizqutulur edikqutulur ekwe would escape | sizqutulur edigizqutulur egizyou all would escape | alaqutulur edilequtulur ellethey would escape |
| Conditional result (would) | menqutulmaz edimqutulmaz emI wouldn't escape | senqutulmaz ediŋqutulmaz eŋyou wouldn't escape | olqutulmaz ediqutulmaz edhe wouldn't escape | bizqutulmaz edikqutulmaz ekwe wouldn't escape | sizqutulmaz edigizqutulmaz egizyou all wouldn't escape | alaqutulmaz edilequtulmaz ellethey wouldn't escape |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqutulluq edimqutulluq emI would have escaped | senqutulluq ediŋqutulluq eŋyou would have escaped | olqutulluq ediqutulluq edhe would have escaped | bizqutulluq edikqutulluq ekwe would have escaped | sizqutulluq edigizqutulluq egizyou all would have escaped | alaqutulluq edilequtulluq ellethey would have escaped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqutulluq tül edimqutulluq tül emI wouldn't have escaped | senqutulluq tül ediŋqutulluq tül eŋyou wouldn't have escaped | olqutulluq tül ediqutulluq tül edhe wouldn't have escaped | bizqutulluq tül edikqutulluq tül ekwe wouldn't have escaped | sizqutulluq tül edigizqutulluq tül egizyou all wouldn't have escaped | alaqutulluq tül edilequtulluq tül ellethey wouldn't have escaped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqutulsamif I escape | senqutulsaŋif you escape | olqutulsaif he escapes | bizqutulsaqif we escape | sizqutulsağızif you all escape | alaqutulsalaif they escape |
| Conditional | menqutulmasamif I don't escape | senqutulmasaŋif you don't escape | olqutulmasaif he doesn't escape | bizqutulmasaqif we don't escape | sizqutulmasağızif you all don't escape | alaqutulmasalaif they don't escape |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqutula esemif I am escaping | senqutula eseŋif you are escaping | olqutula eseif he is escaping | bizqutula esekif we are escaping | sizqutula esegizif you all are escaping | alaqutula eseleif they are escaping |
| Conditional, present real | menqutulmay esemif I am not escaping | senqutulmay eseŋif you are not escaping | olqutulmay eseif he is not escaping | bizqutulmay esekif we are not escaping | sizqutulmay esegizif you all are not escaping | alaqutulmay eseleif they are not escaping |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqutulsam ediqutulsam edif only I escaped | senqutulsaŋ ediqutulsaŋ edif only you escaped | olqutulsa ediqutulsaedif only he escaped | bizqutulsaq ediqutulsaq edif only we escaped | sizqutulsağız ediqutulsağız edif only you all escaped | alaqutulsala ediqutulsalaedif only they escaped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqutulmasam ediqutulmasam edif only I didn't escape | senqutulmasaŋ ediqutulmasaŋ edif only you didn't escape | olqutulmasa ediqutulmasaedif only he didn't escape | bizqutulmasaq ediqutulmasaq edif only we didn't escape | sizqutulmasağız ediqutulmasağız edif only you all didn't escape | alaqutulmasala ediqutulmasalaedif only they didn't escape |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqutulub tursamif I carry on escaping | senqutulub tursaŋif you carry on escaping | olqutulub tursaif he carries on escaping | bizqutulub tursaqif we carry on escaping | sizqutulub tursağızif you all carry on escaping | alaqutulub tursalaif they carry on escaping |
| Durative conditional | menqutulub turmasamif I don't carry on escaping | senqutulub turmasaŋif you don't carry on escaping | olqutulub turmasaif he doesn't carry on escaping | bizqutulub turmasaqif we don't carry on escaping | sizqutulub turmasağızif you all don't carry on escaping | alaqutulub turmasalaif they don't carry on escaping |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqutulub tura esemif I have kept escaping | senqutulub tura eseŋif you have kept escaping | olqutulub tura eseif he has kept escaping | bizqutulub tura esekif we have kept escaping | sizqutulub tura esegizif you all have kept escaping | alaqutulub tura eseleif they have kept escaping |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqutulub turmay esemif I haven't kept escaping | senqutulub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept escaping | olqutulub turmay eseif he hasn't kept escaping | bizqutulub turmay esekif we haven't kept escaping | sizqutulub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept escaping | alaqutulub turmay eseleif they haven't kept escaping |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqutula tursamif I keep escaping | senqutula tursaŋif you keep escaping | olqutula tursaif he keeps escaping | bizqutula tursaqif we keep escaping | sizqutula tursağızif you all keep escaping | alaqutula tursalaif they keep escaping |
| Progressive conditional | menqutulmay tursamif I keep on not escaping | senqutulmay tursaŋif you keep on not escaping | olqutulmay tursaif he keeps on not escaping | bizqutulmay tursaqif we keep on not escaping | sizqutulmay tursağızif you all keep on not escaping | alaqutulmay tursalaif they keep on not escaping |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqutula tura esemif I am in the middle of escaping | senqutula tura eseŋif you are in the middle of escaping | olqutula tura eseif he is in the middle of escaping | bizqutula tura esekif we are in the middle of escaping | sizqutula tura esegizif you all are in the middle of escaping | alaqutula tura eseleif they are in the middle of escaping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqutulmay tura esemif I keep on not escaping | senqutulmay tura eseŋif you keep on not escaping | olqutulmay tura eseif he keeps on not escaping | bizqutulmay tura esekif we keep on not escaping | sizqutulmay tura esegizif you all keep on not escaping | alaqutulmay tura eseleif they keep on not escaping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqutuldum esemif I escaped | senqutulduŋ eseŋif you escaped | olqutuldu eseif he escaped | bizqutulduq esekif we escaped | sizqutulduğuz esegizif you all escaped | alaqutuldula eseleif they escaped |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqutulmadım esemif I didn't escape | senqutulmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't escape | olqutulmadı eseif he didn't escape | bizqutulmadıq esekif we didn't escape | sizqutulmadığız esegizif you all didn't escape | alaqutulmadıla eseleif they didn't escape |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqutulğan esemif I did escape (indeed) | senqutulğan eseŋif you did escape (indeed) | olqutulğan eseif he did escape (indeed) | bizqutulğan esekif we did escape (indeed) | sizqutulğan esegizif you all did escape (indeed) | alaqutulğan eseleif they did escape (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqutulmağan esemif I didn't escape (indeed) | senqutulmağan eseŋif you didn't escape (indeed) | olqutulmağan eseif he didn't escape (indeed) | bizqutulmağan esekif we didn't escape (indeed) | sizqutulmağan esegizif you all didn't escape (indeed) | alaqutulmağan eseleif they didn't escape (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqutulğan bolsamif I had escaped | senqutulğan bolsaŋif you had escaped | olqutulğan bolsaif he had escaped | bizqutulğan bolsaqif we had escaped | sizqutulğan bolsağızif you all had escaped | alaqutulğan bolsalaif they had escaped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqutulmağan bolsamif I hadn't escaped | senqutulmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't escaped | olqutulmağan bolsaif he hadn't escaped | bizqutulmağan bolsaqif we hadn't escaped | sizqutulmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't escaped | alaqutulmağan bolsalaif they hadn't escaped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqutulğan bolsam ediqutulğan bolsam edif only I had escaped | senqutulğan bolsaŋ ediqutulğan bolsaŋ edif only you had escaped | olqutulğan bolsa ediqutulğan bolsaedif only he had escaped | bizqutulğan bolsaq ediqutulğan bolsaq edif only we had escaped | sizqutulğan bolsağız ediqutulğan bolsağız edif only you all had escaped | alaqutulğan bolsala ediqutulğan bolsalaedif only they had escaped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqutulmağan bolsam ediqutulmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't escaped | senqutulmağan bolsaŋ ediqutulmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't escaped | olqutulmağan bolsa ediqutulmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't escaped | bizqutulmağan bolsaq ediqutulmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't escaped | sizqutulmağan bolsağız ediqutulmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't escaped | alaqutulmağan bolsala ediqutulmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't escaped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqutulur esemif I will escape | senqutulur eseŋif you will escape | olqutulur eseif he will escape | bizqutulur esekif we will escape | sizqutulur esegizif you all will escape | alaqutulur eseleif they will escape |
| Conditional, aorist | menqutulmaz esemif I won't escape | senqutulmaz eseŋif you won't escape | olqutulmaz eseif he won't escape | bizqutulmaz esekif we won't escape | sizqutulmaz esegizif you all won't escape | alaqutulmaz eseleif they won't escape |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqutulluq esemif I am going to escape | senqutulluq eseŋif you are going to escape | olqutulluq eseif he is going to escape | bizqutulluq esekif we are going to escape | sizqutulluq esegizif you all are going to escape | alaqutulluq eseleif they are going to escape |
| Conditional, future | menqutulluq tül esemif I am not going to escape | senqutulluq tül eseŋif you are not going to escape | olqutulluq tül eseif he is not going to escape | bizqutulluq tül esekif we are not going to escape | sizqutulluq tül esegizif you all are not going to escape | alaqutulluq tül eseleif they are not going to escape |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqutulluq bolsamif I were going to escape | senqutulluq bolsaŋif you were going to escape | olqutulluq bolsaif he were going to escape | bizqutulluq bolsaqif we were going to escape | sizqutulluq bolsağızif you all were going to escape | alaqutulluq bolsalaif they were going to escape |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqutulmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to escape | senqutulmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to escape | olqutulmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to escape | bizqutulmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to escape | sizqutulmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to escape | alaqutulmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to escape |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qutulduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqutula bolurmaI must be escaping | senqutula bolursayou must be escaping | olqutula bolurhe must be escaping | bizqutula bolurbuzwe must be escaping | sizqutula bolursuzyou all must be escaping | alaqutula bolurlathey must be escaping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqutulmay bolurmaI must not be escaping | senqutulmay bolursayou must not be escaping | olqutulmay bolurhe must not be escaping | bizqutulmay bolurbuzwe must not be escaping | sizqutulmay bolursuzyou all must not be escaping | alaqutulmay bolurlathey must not be escaping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqutula tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of escaping | senqutula tura bolursayou must be in the middle of escaping | olqutula tura bolurhe must be in the middle of escaping | bizqutula tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of escaping | sizqutula tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of escaping | alaqutula tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of escaping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqutulmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not escaping | senqutulmay tura bolursayou must keep on not escaping | olqutulmay tura bolurhe must keep on not escaping | bizqutulmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not escaping | sizqutulmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not escaping | alaqutulmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not escaping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqutulğan bolurmaI must have escaped | senqutulğan bolursayou must have escaped | olqutulğan bolurhe must have escaped | bizqutulğan bolurbuzwe must have escaped | sizqutulğan bolursuzyou all must have escaped | alaqutulğan bolurlathey must have escaped |
| Inference (must have) | menqutulmağan bolurmaI must not have escaped | senqutulmağan bolursayou must not have escaped | olqutulmağan bolurhe must not have escaped | bizqutulmağan bolurbuzwe must not have escaped | sizqutulmağan bolursuzyou all must not have escaped | alaqutulmağan bolurlathey must not have escaped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqutulluq bolurmaI must be going to escape | senqutulluq bolursayou must be going to escape | olqutulluq bolurhe must be going to escape | bizqutulluq bolurbuzwe must be going to escape | sizqutulluq bolursuzyou all must be going to escape | alaqutulluq bolurlathey must be going to escape |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqutulmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to escape | senqutulmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to escape | olqutulmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to escape | bizqutulmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to escape | sizqutulmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to escape | alaqutulmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to escape |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqutulayımlet me escape | senqutul!escape! | olqutulsunlet him escape | bizqutulayıqlet's escape | sizqutuluğuz!escape, you all! | alaqutulsunlalet them escape |
| Commands & suggestions | menqutulmayımlet me not escape | senqutulma!don't escape! | olqutulmasınlet him not escape | bizqutulmayıqlet's not escape | sizqutulmağız!don't escape, you all! | alaqutulmasınlalet them not escape |
| Commands & suggestions | menqutulayımmı?shall I escape? | olqutulsunmu?should he escape? | bizqutulayıqmı?shall we escape? | alaqutulsunlamı?should they escape? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqutulmayımmı?shall I not escape? | olqutulmasınmı?should he not escape? | bizqutulmayıqmı?shall we not escape? | alaqutulmasınlamı?should they not escape? | ||
| Requests | senqutulçu2qutulçunplease escape | olqutulsunçudo let him escape | sizqutulçuğuzplease escape (plural/polite) | alaqutulsunlaçıdo let them escape | ||
| Requests | senqutulmaçı2qutulmaçınplease don't escape | olqutulmasınçıdo let him not escape | sizqutulmaçığızplease don't escape (plural/polite) | alaqutulmasınlaçıdo let them not escape | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqutulğunqutulğumay you escape | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqutulmağınqutulmağımay you not escape | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqutulğay edim qutulğa edimwould that I escaped | senqutulğay ediŋ qutulğa ediŋwould that you escaped | olqutulğay edi qutulğa ediwould that he escaped | bizqutulğay edik qutulğa edikwould that we escaped | sizqutulğay edigiz qutulğa edigizwould that you all escaped | alaqutulğay edile qutulğa edilewould that they escaped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqutulmağay edim qutulmağa edimwould that I did not escape | senqutulmağay ediŋ qutulmağa ediŋwould that you did not escape | olqutulmağay edi qutulmağa ediwould that he did not escape | bizqutulmağay edik qutulmağa edikwould that we did not escape | sizqutulmağay edigiz qutulmağa edigizwould that you all did not escape | alaqutulmağay edile qutulmağa edilewould that they did not escape |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqutulmağa qoyayımqutulma qoyayımlet me allow someone to escape | senqutulmağa qoy!qutulma qoy!let someone escape! | olqutulmağa qoysunqutulma qoysunlet him allow someone to escape | bizqutulmağa qoyayıqqutulma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to escape | sizqutulmağa qoyuğuz!qutulma qoyuğuz!let someone escape, you all! | alaqutulmağa qoysunlaqutulma qoysunlalet them allow someone to escape |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqutulmağa qoymayımqutulma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to escape | senqutulmağa qoyma!qutulma qoyma!don't let someone escape! | olqutulmağa qoymasınqutulma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to escape | bizqutulmağa qoymayıqqutulma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to escape | sizqutulmağa qoymağız!qutulma qoymağız!don't let someone escape, you all! | alaqutulmağa qoymasınlaqutulma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to escape |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqutulmağa qoyayımmı?qutulma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to escape? | olqutulmağa qoysunmu?qutulma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to escape? | bizqutulmağa qoyayıqmı?qutulma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to escape? | alaqutulmağa qoysunlamı?qutulma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to escape? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqutulmağa qoymayımmı?qutulma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to escape? | olqutulmağa qoymasınmı?qutulma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to escape? | bizqutulmağa qoymayıqmı?qutulma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to escape? | alaqutulmağa qoymasınlamı?qutulma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to escape? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqutulmağa qoyamaqutulma qoyamaI allow someone to escape | senqutulmağa qoyasaqutulma qoyasayou allow someone to escape | olqutulmağa qoyadıqutulma qoyadıhe allows someone to escape | bizqutulmağa qoyabızqutulma qoyabızwe allow someone to escape | sizqutulmağa qoyasızqutulma qoyasızyou all allow someone to escape | alaqutulmağa qoyadılaqutulma qoyadılathey allow someone to escape |
| Let someone… (present) | menqutulmağa qoymaymaqutulma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to escape | senqutulmağa qoymaysaqutulma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to escape | olqutulmağa qoymaydıqutulma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to escape | bizqutulmağa qoymaybızqutulma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to escape | sizqutulmağa qoymaysızqutulma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to escape | alaqutulmağa qoymaydılaqutulma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to escape |
| Let someone… (present) | menqutulmağa qoyamamı?qutulma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to escape? | senqutulmağa qoyamısa?qutulma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to escape? | olqutulmağa qoyamıdı?qutulma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to escape? | bizqutulmağa qoyabızmı?qutulma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to escape? | sizqutulmağa qoyamısız?qutulma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to escape? | alaqutulmağa qoyamıdıla?qutulma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to escape? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqutulmağa qoymaymamı?qutulma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to escape? | senqutulmağa qoymaymısa?qutulma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to escape? | olqutulmağa qoymaymıdı?qutulma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to escape? | bizqutulmağa qoymaybızmı?qutulma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to escape? | sizqutulmağa qoymaymısız?qutulma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to escape? | alaqutulmağa qoymaymıdıla?qutulma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to escape? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqutulmağa qoydumqutulma qoydumI allowed someone to escape | senqutulmağa qoyduŋqutulma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to escape | olqutulmağa qoyduqutulma qoyduhe allowed someone to escape | bizqutulmağa qoyduqqutulma qoyduqwe allowed someone to escape | sizqutulmağa qoyduğuzqutulma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to escape | alaqutulmağa qoydulaqutulma qoydulathey allowed someone to escape |
| Let someone… (past) | menqutulmağa qoymadımqutulma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to escape | senqutulmağa qoymadıŋqutulma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to escape | olqutulmağa qoymadıqutulma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to escape | bizqutulmağa qoymadıqqutulma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to escape | sizqutulmağa qoymadığızqutulma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to escape | alaqutulmağa qoymadılaqutulma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to escape |
| Let someone… (past) | menqutulmağa qoydummu?qutulma qoydummu?did I allow someone to escape? | senqutulmağa qoyduŋmu?qutulma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to escape? | olqutulmağa qoydumu?qutulma qoydumu?did he allow someone to escape? | bizqutulmağa qoyduqmu?qutulma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to escape? | sizqutulmağa qoyduğuzmu?qutulma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to escape? | alaqutulmağa qoydulamı?qutulma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to escape? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqutulmağa qoymadımmı?qutulma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to escape? | senqutulmağa qoymadıŋmı?qutulma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to escape? | olqutulmağa qoymadımı?qutulma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to escape? | bizqutulmağa qoymadıqmı?qutulma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to escape? | sizqutulmağa qoymadığızmı?qutulma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to escape? | alaqutulmağa qoymadılamı?qutulma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to escape? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qutulalırğa be able to escape · qutulalmazğa be unable to escape
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqutulalamaI can escape | senqutulalasayou can escape | olqutulaladıhe can escape | bizqutulalabızwe can escape | sizqutulalasızyou all can escape | alaqutulaladılathey can escape |
| Ability — present | menqutulalmaymaI can't escape | senqutulalmaysayou can't escape | olqutulalmaydıhe can't escape | bizqutulalmaybızwe can't escape | sizqutulalmaysızyou all can't escape | alaqutulalmaydılathey can't escape |
| Ability — present | menqutulalamamı? qutulalamıma?can I escape? | senqutulalamısa?can you escape? | olqutulalamıdı?can he escape? | bizqutulalabızmı? qutulalamıbız?can we escape? | sizqutulalamısız?can you all escape? | alaqutulalamıdıla?can they escape? |
| Ability — present | menqutulalmaymamı? qutulalmaymıma?can't I escape? | senqutulalmaymısa?can't you escape? | olqutulalmaymıdı?can't he escape? | bizqutulalmaybızmı? qutulalmaymıbız?can't we escape? | sizqutulalmaymısız?can't you all escape? | alaqutulalmaymıdıla?can't they escape? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqutulalsamif I can escape | senqutulalsaŋif you can escape | olqutulalsaif he can escape | bizqutulalsaqif we can escape | sizqutulalsağızif you all can escape | alaqutulalsalaif they can escape |
| Ability — if I can… | menqutulalmasamif I can't escape | senqutulalmasaŋif you can't escape | olqutulalmasaif he can't escape | bizqutulalmasaqif we can't escape | sizqutulalmasağızif you all can't escape | alaqutulalmasalaif they can't escape |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqutulaldımI was able to escape | senqutulaldıŋyou were able to escape | olqutulaldıhe was able to escape | bizqutulaldıqwe were able to escape | sizqutulaldığızyou all were able to escape | alaqutulaldılathey were able to escape |
| Ability — simple past | menqutulalmadımI could not escape | senqutulalmadıŋyou could not escape | olqutulalmadıhe could not escape | bizqutulalmadıqwe could not escape | sizqutulalmadığızyou all could not escape | alaqutulalmadılathey could not escape |
| Ability — simple past | menqutulaldımmı?was I able to escape? | senqutulaldıŋmı?were you able to escape? | olqutulaldımı?was he able to escape? | bizqutulaldıqmı?were we able to escape? | sizqutulaldığızmı?were you all able to escape? | alaqutulaldılamı?were they able to escape? |
| Ability — simple past | menqutulalmadımmı?couldn't I escape? | senqutulalmadıŋmı?couldn't you escape? | olqutulalmadımı?couldn't he escape? | bizqutulalmadıqmı?couldn't we escape? | sizqutulalmadığızmı?couldn't you all escape? | alaqutulalmadılamı?couldn't they escape? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqutulalğanmaI have been able to escape | senqutulalğansayou have been able to escape | olqutulalğandıhe has been able to escape | bizqutulalğanbızwe have been able to escape | sizqutulalğansızyou all have been able to escape | alaqutulalğandılathey have been able to escape |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqutulalmağanmaI haven't been able to escape | senqutulalmağansayou haven't been able to escape | olqutulalmağandıhe hasn't been able to escape | bizqutulalmağanbızwe haven't been able to escape | sizqutulalmağansızyou all haven't been able to escape | alaqutulalmağandılathey haven't been able to escape |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqutulalğanmamı? qutulalğanmıma?have I been able to escape? | senqutulalğanmısa?have you been able to escape? | olqutulalğanmıdı?has he been able to escape? | bizqutulalğanbızmı? qutulalğanmıbız?have we been able to escape? | sizqutulalğanmısız?have you all been able to escape? | alaqutulalğanmıdıla?have they been able to escape? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqutulalmağanmamı? qutulalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to escape? | senqutulalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to escape? | olqutulalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to escape? | bizqutulalmağanbızmı? qutulalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to escape? | sizqutulalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to escape? | alaqutulalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to escape? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqutulalğan edimqutulalğanemI had been able to escape | senqutulalğan ediŋqutulalğaneŋyou had been able to escape | olqutulalğan ediqutulalğanedhe had been able to escape | bizqutulalğan edikqutulalğanekwe had been able to escape | sizqutulalğan edigizqutulalğanegizyou all had been able to escape | alaqutulalğan edilequtulalğanellethey had been able to escape |
| Ability — past perfect | menqutulalmağan edimqutulalmağanemI hadn't been able to escape | senqutulalmağan ediŋqutulalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to escape | olqutulalmağan ediqutulalmağanedhe hadn't been able to escape | bizqutulalmağan edikqutulalmağanekwe hadn't been able to escape | sizqutulalmağan edigizqutulalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to escape | alaqutulalmağan edilequtulalmağanellethey hadn't been able to escape |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqutulala edimqutulalaemI could escape | senqutulala ediŋqutulalaeŋyou could escape | olqutulala ediqutulalaedhe could escape | bizqutulala edikqutulalaekwe could escape | sizqutulala edigizqutulalaegizyou all could escape | alaqutulala edilequtulalaellethey could escape |
| Ability — past background | menqutulalmay edimqutulalmayemI could not escape | senqutulalmay ediŋqutulalmayeŋyou could not escape | olqutulalmay ediqutulalmayedhe could not escape | bizqutulalmay edikqutulalmayekwe could not escape | sizqutulalmay edigizqutulalmayegizyou all could not escape | alaqutulalmay edilequtulalmayellethey could not escape |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqutulalırmaI will be able to escape | senqutulalırsayou will be able to escape | olqutulalırhe will be able to escape | bizqutulalırbızwe will be able to escape | sizqutulalırsızyou all will be able to escape | alaqutulalırlathey will be able to escape |
| Ability — future I | menqutulalmazmaI won't be able to escape | senqutulalmazsayou won't be able to escape | olqutulalmazhe won't be able to escape | bizqutulalmazbızwe won't be able to escape | sizqutulalmazsızyou all won't be able to escape | alaqutulalmazlathey won't be able to escape |
| Ability — future I | menqutulalırmamı? qutulalırmıma?will I be able to escape? | senqutulalırmısa?will you be able to escape? | olqutulalırmı?will he be able to escape? | bizqutulalırbızmı? qutulalırmıbız?will we be able to escape? | sizqutulalırmısız?will you all be able to escape? | alaqutulalırlamı? qutulalırmıla?will they be able to escape? |
| Ability — future I | menqutulalmazmamı? qutulalmazmıma?won't I be able to escape? | senqutulalmazmısa?won't you be able to escape? | olqutulalmazmı?won't he be able to escape? | bizqutulalmazbızmı? qutulalmazmıbız?won't we be able to escape? | sizqutulalmazmısız?won't you all be able to escape? | alaqutulalmazlamı? qutulalmazmıla?won't they be able to escape? |
| Ability — future II | menqutulallıqmaI am going to be able to escape | senqutulallıqsayou are going to be able to escape | olqutulallıqdıhe is going to be able to escape | bizqutulallıqbızwe are going to be able to escape | sizqutulallıqsızyou all are going to be able to escape | alaqutulallıqdılathey are going to be able to escape |
| Ability — future II | menqutulallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to escape | senqutulallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to escape | olqutulallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to escape | bizqutulallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to escape | sizqutulallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to escape | alaqutulallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to escape |
| Ability — future II | menqutulallıqmamı? qutulallıqmıma?am I going to be able to escape? | senqutulallıqmısa?are you going to be able to escape? | olqutulallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to escape? | bizqutulallıqbızmı? qutulallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to escape? | sizqutulallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to escape? | alaqutulallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to escape? |
| Ability — future II | menqutulallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to escape? | senqutulallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to escape? | olqutulallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to escape? | bizqutulallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to escape? | sizqutulallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to escape? | alaqutulallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to escape? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqutulalır edimqutulalır emI would be able to escape | senqutulalır ediŋqutulalır eŋyou would be able to escape | olqutulalır ediqutulalır edhe would be able to escape | bizqutulalır edikqutulalır ekwe would be able to escape | sizqutulalır edigizqutulalır egizyou all would be able to escape | alaqutulalır edilequtulalır ellethey would be able to escape |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqutulalmaz edimqutulalmaz emI wouldn't be able to escape | senqutulalmaz ediŋqutulalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to escape | olqutulalmaz ediqutulalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to escape | bizqutulalmaz edikqutulalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to escape | sizqutulalmaz edigizqutulalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to escape | alaqutulalmaz edilequtulalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to escape |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqutulalğınqutulalğımay you be able to escape | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqutulalmağınqutulalmağımay you not be able to escape | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqutulurğa izleymeI want to escape | senqutulurğa izleyseyou want to escape | olqutulurğa izleydihe wants to escape | bizqutulurğa izleybizwe want to escape | sizqutulurğa izleysizyou all want to escape | alaqutulurğa izleydilethey want to escape |
| want to | menqutulurğa izlemeymeI do not want to escape | senqutulurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to escape | olqutulurğa izlemeydihe does not want to escape | bizqutulurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to escape | sizqutulurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to escape | alaqutulurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to escape |
| would like to | menqutulurğa süemeI would like to escape | senqutulurğa süeseyou would like to escape | olqutulurğa süedihe would like to escape | bizqutulurğa süebizwe would like to escape | sizqutulurğa süesizyou all would like to escape | alaqutulurğa süedilethey would like to escape |
| would like to | menqutulurğa süymeymeI would not like to escape | senqutulurğa süymeyseyou would not like to escape | olqutulurğa süymeydihe would not like to escape | bizqutulurğa süymeybizwe would not like to escape | sizqutulurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to escape | alaqutulurğa süymeydilethey would not like to escape |
| hope to | menqutulurğa umutlanamaI hope to escape | senqutulurğa umutlanasayou hope to escape | olqutulurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to escape | bizqutulurğa umutlanabızwe hope to escape | sizqutulurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to escape | alaqutulurğa umutlanadılathey hope to escape |
| hope to | menqutulurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to escape | senqutulurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to escape | olqutulurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to escape | bizqutulurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to escape | sizqutulurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to escape | alaqutulurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to escape |
| be about to | menqutulurğa deb turamaI am about to escape | senqutulurğa deb turasayou are about to escape | olqutulurğa deb turadıhe is about to escape | bizqutulurğa deb turabızwe are about to escape | sizqutulurğa deb turasızyou all are about to escape | alaqutulurğa deb turadılathey are about to escape |
| be about to | menqutulurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to escape | senqutulurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to escape | olqutulurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to escape | bizqutulurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to escape | sizqutulurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to escape | alaqutulurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to escape |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqutulurğa kerekmeI need to escape | senqutulurğa kerekseyou need to escape | olqutulurğa kerekdihe needs to escape | bizqutulurğa kerekbizwe need to escape | sizqutulurğa kereksizyou all need to escape | alaqutulurğa kerekdilethey need to escape |
| need to | menqutulurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to escape | senqutulurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to escape | olqutulurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to escape | bizqutulurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to escape | sizqutulurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to escape | alaqutulurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to escape |
| have to | menmenŋe qutulurğa tüşediI have to escape | sensenŋe qutulurğa tüşediyou have to escape | olaŋa qutulurğa tüşedihe has to escape | bizbizge qutulurğa tüşediwe have to escape | sizsizge qutulurğa tüşediyou all have to escape | alaalağa qutulurğa tüşedithey have to escape |
| have to | menmenŋe qutulurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to escape | sensenŋe qutulurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to escape | olaŋa qutulurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to escape | bizbizge qutulurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to escape | sizsizge qutulurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to escape | alaalağa qutulurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to escape |
| be obliged to | menqutulurğa borçlumaI am obliged to escape | senqutulurğa borçlusayou are obliged to escape | olqutulurğa borçluduhe is obliged to escape | bizqutulurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to escape | sizqutulurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to escape | alaqutulurğa borçludulathey are obliged to escape |
| be obliged to | menqutulurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to escape | senqutulurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to escape | olqutulurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to escape | bizqutulurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to escape | sizqutulurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to escape | alaqutulurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to escape |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqutulurğa madarım bardıI have a way to escape | senqutulurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to escape | olqutulurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to escape | bizqutulurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to escape | sizqutulurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to escape | alaqutulurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to escape |
| have a way to | menqutulurğa madarım joqduI have no way to escape | senqutulurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to escape | olqutulurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to escape | bizqutulurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to escape | sizqutulurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to escape | alaqutulurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to escape |
| be free to | menqutulurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to escape | senqutulurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to escape | olqutulurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to escape | bizqutulurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to escape | sizqutulurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to escape | alaqutulurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to escape |
| be free to | menqutulurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to escape | senqutulurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to escape | olqutulurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to escape | bizqutulurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to escape | sizqutulurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to escape | alaqutulurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to escape |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qutulurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to escape | sensenŋe qutulurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to escape | olaŋa qutulurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to escape | bizbizge qutulurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to escape | sizsizge qutulurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to escape | alaalağa qutulurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to escape |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qutulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to escape | sensenŋe qutulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to escape | olaŋa qutulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to escape | bizbizge qutulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to escape | sizsizge qutulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to escape | alaalağa qutulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to escape |
| be ready to | menqutulurğa hazırmaI am ready to escape | senqutulurğa hazırsayou are ready to escape | olqutulurğa hazırdıhe is ready to escape | bizqutulurğa hazırbızwe are ready to escape | sizqutulurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to escape | alaqutulurğa hazırdılathey are ready to escape |
| be ready to | menqutulurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to escape | senqutulurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to escape | olqutulurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to escape | bizqutulurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to escape | sizqutulurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to escape | alaqutulurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to escape |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqutulurğa küreşemeI am trying to escape | senqutulurğa küreşeseyou are trying to escape | olqutulurğa küreşedihe is trying to escape | bizqutulurğa küreşebizwe are trying to escape | sizqutulurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to escape | alaqutulurğa küreşedilethey are trying to escape |
| try to | menqutulurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to escape | senqutulurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to escape | olqutulurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to escape | bizqutulurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to escape | sizqutulurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to escape | alaqutulurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to escape |
| agree to | menqutulurğa unaymaI agree to escape | senqutulurğa unaysayou agree to escape | olqutulurğa unaydıhe agrees to escape | bizqutulurğa unaybızwe agree to escape | sizqutulurğa unaysızyou all agree to escape | alaqutulurğa unaydılathey agree to escape |
| agree to | menqutulurğa unamaymaI refuse to escape | senqutulurğa unamaysayou refuse to escape | olqutulurğa unamaydıhe refuses to escape | bizqutulurğa unamaybızwe refuse to escape | sizqutulurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to escape | alaqutulurğa unamaydılathey refuse to escape |
| hurry to | menqutulurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to escape | senqutulurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to escape | olqutulurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to escape | bizqutulurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to escape | sizqutulurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to escape | alaqutulurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to escape |
| hurry to | menqutulurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to escape | senqutulurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to escape | olqutulurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to escape | bizqutulurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to escape | sizqutulurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to escape | alaqutulurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to escape |
| be afraid to | menqutulurğa qorqamaI am afraid to escape | senqutulurğa qorqasayou are afraid to escape | olqutulurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to escape | bizqutulurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to escape | sizqutulurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to escape | alaqutulurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to escape |
| be afraid to | menqutulurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to escape | senqutulurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to escape | olqutulurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to escape | bizqutulurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to escape | sizqutulurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to escape | alaqutulurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to escape |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqutula bolmazmaI can't be escaping | senqutula bolmazsayou can't be escaping | olqutula bolmazhe can't be escaping | bizqutula bolmazbızwe can't be escaping | sizqutula bolmazsızyou all can't be escaping | alaqutula bolmazlathey can't be escaping |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqutulmay bolmazmaI must be escaping (emphatic) | senqutulmay bolmazsayou must be escaping (emphatic) | olqutulmay bolmazhe must be escaping (emphatic) | bizqutulmay bolmazbızwe must be escaping (emphatic) | sizqutulmay bolmazsızyou all must be escaping (emphatic) | alaqutulmay bolmazlathey must be escaping (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqutula turmasamif I don't keep escaping | senqutula turmasaŋif you don't keep escaping | olqutula turmasaif he doesn't keep escaping | bizqutula turmasaqif we don't keep escaping | sizqutula turmasağızif you all don't keep escaping | alaqutula turmasalaif they don't keep escaping |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqutula tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of escaping | senqutula tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of escaping | olqutula tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of escaping | bizqutula tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of escaping | sizqutula tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of escaping | alaqutula tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of escaping |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqutulmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not escaping (emphatic) | senqutulmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not escaping (emphatic) | olqutulmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not escaping (emphatic) | bizqutulmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not escaping (emphatic) | sizqutulmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not escaping (emphatic) | alaqutulmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not escaping (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqutulmay turamaI keep on not escaping | senqutulmay turasayou keep on not escaping | olqutulmay turadıhe keeps on not escaping | bizqutulmay turabızwe keep on not escaping | sizqutulmay turasızyou all keep on not escaping | alaqutulmay turadılathey keep on not escaping |
| Progressive — double negation | menqutulmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not escaping | senqutulmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not escaping | olqutulmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not escaping | bizqutulmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not escaping | sizqutulmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not escaping | alaqutulmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not escaping |
| Progressive — double negation | menqutulmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not escaping? | senqutulmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not escaping? | olqutulmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not escaping? | bizqutulmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not escaping? | sizqutulmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not escaping? | alaqutulmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not escaping? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqutulğan bolmazmaI can't have escaped | senqutulğan bolmazsayou can't have escaped | olqutulğan bolmazhe can't have escaped | bizqutulğan bolmazbızwe can't have escaped | sizqutulğan bolmazsızyou all can't have escaped | alaqutulğan bolmazlathey can't have escaped |
| Inference — double negation | menqutulmağan bolmazmaI must have escaped (emphatic) | senqutulmağan bolmazsayou must have escaped (emphatic) | olqutulmağan bolmazhe must have escaped (emphatic) | bizqutulmağan bolmazbızwe must have escaped (emphatic) | sizqutulmağan bolmazsızyou all must have escaped (emphatic) | alaqutulmağan bolmazlathey must have escaped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqutulğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had escaped | senqutulğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had escaped | olqutulğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had escaped | bizqutulğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had escaped | sizqutulğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had escaped | alaqutulğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had escaped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqutulmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't escaped | senqutulmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't escaped | olqutulmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't escaped | bizqutulmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't escaped | sizqutulmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't escaped | alaqutulmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't escaped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqutulluq bolmazmaI can't be going to escape | senqutulluq bolmazsayou can't be going to escape | olqutulluq bolmazhe can't be going to escape | bizqutulluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to escape | sizqutulluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to escape | alaqutulluq bolmazlathey can't be going to escape |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqutulmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to escape (emphatic) | senqutulmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to escape (emphatic) | olqutulmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to escape (emphatic) | bizqutulmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to escape (emphatic) | sizqutulmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to escape (emphatic) | alaqutulmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to escape (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqutulluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to escape | senqutulluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to escape | olqutulluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to escape | bizqutulluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to escape | sizqutulluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to escape | alaqutulluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to escape |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqutulmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to escape | senqutulmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to escape | olqutulmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to escape | bizqutulmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to escape | sizqutulmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to escape | alaqutulmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to escape |