qaya
/qaja/ · plural qayala
1. cliff, crag, steep rock face, rock — Before another noun it means rocky, of rock: qaya tawla "rocky mountains".
- qaya tawla — rocky mountains
- çıŋıl qaya — a high cliff over a chasm
- qayadan keterge — to fall off a cliff
- başıŋı qayadan atarğa — to throw yourself off a cliff
- miyik qayadan suw sarqadı — water runs down from the high cliff
- qayanı başında qart quş olturadı — an old eagle perches on top of the cliff
- qayalanı qıyırında batırla jolnu tabdıla — at the edge of the cliffs the brave ones found the path
2. boulder, stone block, smooth rounded stone — A detached block of stone, as against the standing rock face of the first meaning.
- taw jolğa ullu qaya tüşgendi — a big boulder has fallen onto the mountain road
- suwnu jağasında ullu qayala jatadıla — big boulders lie on the bank of the river
- jaşla qayanı joldan türtdüle — the young men pushed the boulder off the road
3. wild, wild-growing — Said of plants that grow untended, chiefly in the names of mountain herbs: qaya sohan "wild onion", qaya sarısmaq "wild garlic".
- qaya sohan — wild onion
- qaya sohan tawlada köb ösedi — wild onion grows plentifully in the mountains
- qaya sarısmaqnı iyisi küçlüdü — the smell of wild garlic is strong
4. titan, giant — Of a person who stands above everyone else in their field.
- o janına ua ol qayadı — in that matter he is a giant
- bu işde ol kerti qayadı — in this work he is a true giant
- jazıwçulanı arasında ol qayadı — among the writers he is a titan
- meni ustazım ilmuda qaya bolğandı — my teacher was a titan in scholarship
5. anxiety, worry — Chiefly in the picture of a weight being lifted from someone: üsümden qayanı tüşürgença boldum "it was as if a weight had been lifted from me".
- üsümden qayanı tüşürgença boldum — it was as if a weight had been taken off me
- haparnı eşitgende üsümden qaya tüşdü — when I heard the news, the weight fell off me
- anı sözü üsübüzden qayanı tüşürdü — his word took the weight off us
Expressions
- başın qayadan atarça bolurğa — be driven to despair
- qaya kibik — huge and powerful
- qaya qızı – qarılğaç — echo
- qısır qaya — bare cliff
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qayathe rock | qayammy rock | qayaŋyour rock | qayasıhis rock | qayabızour rock | qayağızyou all's rock | qayalarıtheir rocks |
| Genitive | qayanıthe rock's | qayamımy rock's | qayaŋıyour rock's | qayasınıhis rock's | qayabıznıour rock's | qayağıznıyou all's rock's | qayalarınıtheir rocks' |
| Accusative | qayanıthe rock (as the object) | qayamımy rock (as the object) | qayaŋıyour rock (as the object) | qayasınhis rock (as the object) | qayabıznıour rock (as the object) | qayağıznıyou all's rock (as the object) | qayalarıntheir rocks (as the object) |
| Dative | qayağato the rock | qayamato my rock | qayaŋato your rock | qayasınato his rock | qayabızğato our rock | qayağızğato you all's rock | qayalarınato their rocks |
| Locative | qayadain / at the rock | qayamdain / at my rock | qayaŋdain / at your rock | qayasındain / at his rock | qayabızdain / at our rock | qayağızdain / at you all's rock | qayalarındain / at their rocks |
| Ablative | qayadanfrom the rock | qayamdanfrom my rock | qayaŋdanfrom your rock | qayasındanfrom his rock | qayabızdanfrom our rock | qayağızdanfrom you all's rock | qayalarındanfrom their rocks |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qayalathe rocks | qayalarımmy rocks | qayalarıŋyour rocks | qayalarıhis rocks | qayalarıbızour rocks | qayalarığızyou all's rocks | qayalarıtheir rocks |
| Genitive | qayalanıthe rocks' | qayalarımımy rocks' | qayalarıŋıyour rocks' | qayalarınıhis rocks' | qayalarıbıznıour rocks' | qayalarığıznıyou all's rocks' | qayalarınıtheir rocks' |
| Accusative | qayalanıthe rocks (as the object) | qayalarımımy rocks (as the object) | qayalarıŋıyour rocks (as the object) | qayalarınhis rocks (as the object) | qayalarıbıznıour rocks (as the object) | qayalarığıznıyou all's rocks (as the object) | qayalarıntheir rocks (as the object) |
| Dative | qayalağato the rocks | qayalarımato my rocks | qayalarıŋato your rocks | qayalarınato his rocks | qayalarıbızğato our rocks | qayalarığızğato you all's rocks | qayalarınato their rocks |
| Locative | qayaladain / at the rocks | qayalarımdain / at my rocks | qayalarıŋdain / at your rocks | qayalarındain / at his rocks | qayalarıbızdain / at our rocks | qayalarığızdain / at you all's rocks | qayalarındain / at their rocks |
| Ablative | qayaladanfrom the rocks | qayalarımdanfrom my rocks | qayalarıŋdanfrom your rocks | qayalarındanfrom his rocks | qayalarıbızdanfrom our rocks | qayalarığızdanfrom you all's rocks | qayalarındanfrom their rocks |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qayaları can mean "his / her rocks", "their rock", or "their rocks" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki qayadımine is wild | seniki qayadıyours is wild | anıqı qayadıhis is wild | bizniki qayadıours is wild | sizniki qayadıyours (pl.) is wild | alanıqı qayadıtheirs is wild |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile qayadılamine are wild | senikile qayadılayours are wild | anıqıla qayadılahis are wild | biznikile qayadılaours are wild | siznikile qayadılayours (pl.) are wild | alanıqıla qayadılatheirs are wild |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu qayadı, bıla qayadıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".