qalja
/qaldʒa/
Definitions
1. a disordered heap, a jumble of things piled together — Elbrusoid row 12796 glosses this sense груда, куча with label разг. TSKBYA vol 2 p. 521 additionally carries a кёч. reading Къатыш-къутушлукъ (confusion, muddle); no example attests it, so it was not minted as a separate sense.
- qalja eterge — to pile into a heap
- açha degening qaljadı — money there is in heaps
2. a dish made of finely chopped meat — Elbrusoid row 12796 carries the labels балк. and кул. on this sub-sense specifically; whether the dish sense is Balkar-only is an owner question, and no dialect mark was written because writing one hides the meaning. кул. maps to no domain value.
- etden qalja eterge — to make kalja from meat
Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | qaljathe heap | qaljalathe heaps | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | qaljanıthe heap's | qaljalanıthe heaps' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | qaljanıthe heap (as the object) | qaljalanıthe heaps (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | qaljağato the heap | qaljalağato the heaps | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | qaljadaat / in the heap | qaljaladaat / in the heaps | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | qaljadanfrom the heap | qaljaladanfrom the heaps | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | qaljammy heap | qaljalarımmy heaps |
| your | qaljangyour heap | qaljalarıngyour heaps |
| his / her | qaljasıhis / her heap | qaljalarıhis / her heaps |
| our | qaljabızour heap | qaljalarıbızour heaps |
| you all's | qaljağızyou all's heap | qaljalarığızyou all's heaps |
| their | qaljalarıtheir heap | qaljalarıtheir heaps |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qaljaları can mean "his / her heaps", "their heap", or "their heaps" — context decides.