qalarğa
/qalarʁa/
1. stack, pile up, lay one on top of another — Used of hay (geben qalarğa, make a haystack), firewood and boards.
- geben qalarğa — to build a haystack
- otunlanı qalarğa — to stack the firewood
- bir biri üsüne qalarğa — to pile one on top of another
- otuz geben qalağanbız — we have stacked thirty haystacks
- otunlanı jatma tübüne qala — stack the firewood under the shed
2. build, lay in courses (a stove, a wall, a house of stone or brick)
- huna qalarğa — to build a stone wall
- peç qalarğa — to build a stove
- üyleni ariw qalaydı usta — the craftsman builds houses beautifully
- üynü qaladı — he built the house
- qabırğa qalarğa — to lay a wall in courses
3. heap up, dump in a heap, throw together haphazardly; clutter (a place) with piled things — Also of wind or water piling up sand: jel qumnu ışıqlağa qalağandı.
- aşarıqlanı stolğa qaladı — he piled food onto the table
- jel qumnu ışıqlağa qalağandı — the wind has heaped sand into sheltered spots
- taşlanı bir janına qalağız — heap the stones to one side
4. earth up, hill (potatoes and other plants)
- gardoş qalarğa — to earth up the potatoes
- gardoşnu qaladıla — they earthed up the potatoes
- baçhada gardoş qalaybız — we are earthing up potatoes in the garden
5. load (a vehicle, a burden)
- biçenden qalarğa — to load up with hay
- arbanı biçenden qaladı — he loaded the cart with hay
- maşinanı qaladı — he loaded the truck
6. saddle someone with, load onto someone, foist (a hard task) on someone — The person takes the dative of üsü: meni üsüme qalab turmağız.
- bütew işni üsüne qalarğa — to load all the work onto him
- işni menŋe qaladı — he piled the work onto me
- borçnu anŋa qaladıla — they piled the duty onto him
Expressions
- bir janın örge qalarğa — make no real difference
Conjugation
Common forms
- qalaydıhe is stacking
- qaladıhe stacked
- qalağandıhe has stacked
- qalarhe will stack
- qalarıqdıhe is going to stack
- qalay edihe was stacking
- qalasaif he stacks
- qala!stack!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalaymaI am stacking | senqalaysayou are stacking | olqalaydıhe is stacking | bizqalaybızwe are stacking | sizqalaysızyou all are stacking | alaqalaydılathey are stacking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalamaymaI am not stacking | senqalamaysayou are not stacking | olqalamaydıhe is not stacking | bizqalamaybızwe are not stacking | sizqalamaysızyou all are not stacking | alaqalamaydılathey are not stacking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalaymamı? qalaymıma?am I stacking? | senqalaymısa?are you stacking? | olqalaymıdı?is he stacking? | bizqalaybızmı? qalaymıbız?are we stacking? | sizqalaymısız?are you all stacking? | alaqalaymıdıla?are they stacking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalamaymamı? qalamaymıma?aren't I stacking? | senqalamaymısa?aren't you stacking? | olqalamaymıdı?isn't he stacking? | bizqalamaybızmı? qalamaymıbız?aren't we stacking? | sizqalamaymısız?aren't you all stacking? | alaqalamaymıdıla?aren't they stacking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalawçanmaI usually stack | senqalawçansayou usually stack | olqalawçandıhe usually stacks | bizqalawçanbızwe usually stack | sizqalawçansızyou all usually stack | alaqalawçandılathey usually stack |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalamawçanmaI usually don't stack | senqalamawçansayou usually don't stack | olqalamawçandıhe usually doesn't stack | bizqalamawçanbızwe usually don't stack | sizqalamawçansızyou all usually don't stack | alaqalamawçandılathey usually don't stack |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalawçanmamı? qalawçanmıma?do I usually stack? | senqalawçanmısa?do you usually stack? | olqalawçanmıdı?does he usually stack? | bizqalawçanbızmı? qalawçanmıbız?do we usually stack? | sizqalawçanmısız?do you all usually stack? | alaqalawçanmıdıla?do they usually stack? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalamawçanmamı? qalamawçanmıma?do I usually not stack? | senqalamawçanmısa?do you usually not stack? | olqalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not stack? | bizqalamawçanbızmı? qalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not stack? | sizqalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not stack? | alaqalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not stack? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqalabdıhe has stacked and remains so | alaqalabdılathey have stacked and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqalabmıdı?has he stacked? | alaqalabmıdıla?have they stacked? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalab turamaI keep stacking | senqalab turasayou keep stacking | olqalab turadıhe keeps stacking | bizqalab turabızwe keep stacking | sizqalab turasızyou all keep stacking | alaqalab turadılathey keep stacking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalab turmaymaI don't keep stacking | senqalab turmaysayou don't keep stacking | olqalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep stacking | bizqalab turmaybızwe don't keep stacking | sizqalab turmaysızyou all don't keep stacking | alaqalab turmaydılathey don't keep stacking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalab turamamı? qalab turamıma?do I keep stacking? | senqalab turamısa?do you keep stacking? | olqalab turamıdı?does he keep stacking? | bizqalab turabızmı? qalab turamıbız?do we keep stacking? | sizqalab turamısız?do you all keep stacking? | alaqalab turamıdıla?do they keep stacking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalab turmaymamı? qalab turmaymıma?don't I keep stacking? | senqalab turmaymısa?don't you keep stacking? | olqalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep stacking? | bizqalab turmaybızmı? qalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep stacking? | sizqalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep stacking? | alaqalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep stacking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqalay turamaI am in the middle of stacking | senqalay turasayou are in the middle of stacking | olqalay turadıhe is in the middle of stacking | bizqalay turabızwe are in the middle of stacking | sizqalay turasızyou all are in the middle of stacking | alaqalay turadılathey are in the middle of stacking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of stacking | senqalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of stacking | olqalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of stacking | bizqalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of stacking | sizqalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of stacking | alaqalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of stacking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqalay turamamı? qalay turamıma?am I in the middle of stacking? | senqalay turamısa?are you in the middle of stacking? | olqalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of stacking? | bizqalay turabızmı? qalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of stacking? | sizqalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of stacking? | alaqalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of stacking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqalay turmaymamı? qalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of stacking? | senqalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of stacking? | olqalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of stacking? | bizqalay turmaybızmı? qalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of stacking? | sizqalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of stacking? | alaqalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of stacking? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaladımI stacked | senqaladıŋyou stacked | olqaladıhe stacked | bizqaladıqwe stacked | sizqaladığızyou all stacked | alaqaladılathey stacked |
| Simple past (definite) | menqalamadımI didn't stack | senqalamadıŋyou didn't stack | olqalamadıhe didn't stack | bizqalamadıqwe didn't stack | sizqalamadığızyou all didn't stack | alaqalamadılathey didn't stack |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaladımmı?did I stack? | senqaladıŋmı?did you stack? | olqaladımı?did he stack? | bizqaladıqmı?did we stack? | sizqaladığızmı?did you all stack? | alaqaladılamı?did they stack? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqalamadımmı?didn't I stack? | senqalamadıŋmı?didn't you stack? | olqalamadımı?didn't he stack? | bizqalamadıqmı?didn't we stack? | sizqalamadığızmı?didn't you all stack? | alaqalamadılamı?didn't they stack? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalağanmaI have stacked | senqalağansayou have stacked | olqalağandıhe has stacked | bizqalağanbızwe have stacked | sizqalağansızyou all have stacked | alaqalağandılathey have stacked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalamağanmaI haven't stacked | senqalamağansayou haven't stacked | olqalamağandıhe hasn't stacked | bizqalamağanbızwe haven't stacked | sizqalamağansızyou all haven't stacked | alaqalamağandılathey haven't stacked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalağanmamı? qalağanmıma?have I stacked? | senqalağanmısa?have you stacked? | olqalağanmıdı?has he stacked? | bizqalağanbızmı? qalağanmıbız?have we stacked? | sizqalağanmısız?have you all stacked? | alaqalağanmıdıla?have they stacked? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalamağanmamı? qalamağanmıma?haven't I stacked? | senqalamağanmısa?haven't you stacked? | olqalamağanmıdı?hasn't he stacked? | bizqalamağanbızmı? qalamağanmıbız?haven't we stacked? | sizqalamağanmısız?haven't you all stacked? | alaqalamağanmıdıla?haven't they stacked? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqalab turdumI kept stacking | senqalab turduŋyou kept stacking | olqalab turduhe kept stacking | bizqalab turduqwe kept stacking | sizqalab turduğuzyou all kept stacking | alaqalab turdulathey kept stacking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqalab turmadımI didn't keep stacking | senqalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep stacking | olqalab turmadıhe didn't keep stacking | bizqalab turmadıqwe didn't keep stacking | sizqalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep stacking | alaqalab turmadılathey didn't keep stacking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalarmaI will stack | senqalarsayou will stack | olqalarhe will stack | bizqalarbızwe will stack | sizqalarsızyou all will stack | alaqalarlathey will stack |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalamazmaI won't stack | senqalamazsayou won't stack | olqalamazhe won't stack | bizqalamazbızwe won't stack | sizqalamazsızyou all won't stack | alaqalamazlathey won't stack |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalarmamı? qalarmıma?will I stack? | senqalarmısa?will you stack? | olqalarmı?will he stack? | bizqalarbızmı? qalarmıbız?will we stack? | sizqalarmısız?will you all stack? | alaqalarlamı? qalarmıla?will they stack? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalamazmamı? qalamazmıma?won't I stack? | senqalamazmısa?won't you stack? | olqalamazmı?won't he stack? | bizqalamazbızmı? qalamazmıbız?won't we stack? | sizqalamazmısız?won't you all stack? | alaqalamazlamı? qalamazmıla?won't they stack? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqalarıqmaI am going to stack | senqalarıqsayou are going to stack | olqalarıqdıhe is going to stack | bizqalarıqbızwe are going to stack | sizqalarıqsızyou all are going to stack | alaqalarıqdılathey are going to stack |
| Definite future (future II) | menqalarıq tülmeI am not going to stack | senqalarıq tülseyou are not going to stack | olqalarıq tüldühe is not going to stack | bizqalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to stack | sizqalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to stack | alaqalarıq tüldülethey are not going to stack |
| Definite future (future II) | menqalarıqmamı? qalarıqmıma?am I going to stack? | senqalarıqmısa?are you going to stack? | olqalarıqmıdı?is he going to stack? | bizqalarıqbızmı? qalarıqmıbız?are we going to stack? | sizqalarıqmısız?are you all going to stack? | alaqalarıqmıdıla?are they going to stack? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to stack? | senqalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to stack? | olqalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to stack? | bizqalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to stack? | sizqalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to stack? | alaqalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to stack? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqalağan edimqalağanemI had stacked | senqalağan ediŋqalağaneŋyou had stacked | olqalağan ediqalağanedhe had stacked | bizqalağan edikqalağanekwe had stacked | sizqalağan edigizqalağanegizyou all had stacked | alaqalağan edileqalağanellethey had stacked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqalamağan edimqalamağanemI hadn't stacked | senqalamağan ediŋqalamağaneŋyou hadn't stacked | olqalamağan ediqalamağanedhe hadn't stacked | bizqalamağan edikqalamağanekwe hadn't stacked | sizqalamağan edigizqalamağanegizyou all hadn't stacked | alaqalamağan edileqalamağanellethey hadn't stacked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqalay edimqalayemI was stacking | senqalay ediŋqalayeŋyou were stacking | olqalay ediqalayedhe was stacking | bizqalay edikqalayekwe were stacking | sizqalay edigizqalayegizyou all were stacking | alaqalay edileqalayellethey were stacking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqalamay edimqalamayemI wasn't stacking | senqalamay ediŋqalamayeŋyou weren't stacking | olqalamay ediqalamayedhe wasn't stacking | bizqalamay edikqalamayekwe weren't stacking | sizqalamay edigizqalamayegizyou all weren't stacking | alaqalamay edileqalamayellethey weren't stacking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqalawçan edimqalawçanemI used to stack | senqalawçan ediŋqalawçaneŋyou used to stack | olqalawçan ediqalawçanedhe used to stack | bizqalawçan edikqalawçanekwe used to stack | sizqalawçan edigizqalawçanegizyou all used to stack | alaqalawçan edileqalawçanellethey used to stack |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqalamawçan edimqalamawçanemI didn't use to stack | senqalamawçan ediŋqalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to stack | olqalamawçan ediqalamawçanedhe didn't use to stack | bizqalamawçan edikqalamawçanekwe didn't use to stack | sizqalamawçan edigizqalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to stack | alaqalamawçan edileqalamawçanellethey didn't use to stack |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqalab edihe had stacked and remained so | alaqalab edilethey had stacked and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqalab tül edihe hadn't stacked | alaqalab tül edilethey hadn't stacked | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqalab tura edimqalab turaemI had kept stacking | senqalab tura ediŋqalab turaeŋyou had kept stacking | olqalab tura ediqalab turaedhe had kept stacking | bizqalab tura edikqalab turaekwe had kept stacking | sizqalab tura edigizqalab turaegizyou all had kept stacking | alaqalab tura edileqalab turaellethey had kept stacking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqalab turmay edimqalab turmayemI hadn't kept stacking | senqalab turmay ediŋqalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept stacking | olqalab turmay ediqalab turmayedhe hadn't kept stacking | bizqalab turmay edikqalab turmayekwe hadn't kept stacking | sizqalab turmay edigizqalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept stacking | alaqalab turmay edileqalab turmayellethey hadn't kept stacking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqalay tura edimqalay turaemI was in the middle of stacking | senqalay tura ediŋqalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of stacking | olqalay tura ediqalay turaedhe was in the middle of stacking | bizqalay tura edikqalay turaekwe were in the middle of stacking | sizqalay tura edigizqalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of stacking | alaqalay tura edileqalay turaellethey were in the middle of stacking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqalay turmay edimqalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of stacking | senqalay turmay ediŋqalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of stacking | olqalay turmay ediqalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of stacking | bizqalay turmay edikqalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of stacking | sizqalay turmay edigizqalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of stacking | alaqalay turmay edileqalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of stacking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqalar edimqalar emI would stack | senqalar ediŋqalar eŋyou would stack | olqalar ediqalar edhe would stack | bizqalar edikqalar ekwe would stack | sizqalar edigizqalar egizyou all would stack | alaqalar edileqalar ellethey would stack |
| Conditional result (would) | menqalamaz edimqalamaz emI wouldn't stack | senqalamaz ediŋqalamaz eŋyou wouldn't stack | olqalamaz ediqalamaz edhe wouldn't stack | bizqalamaz edikqalamaz ekwe wouldn't stack | sizqalamaz edigizqalamaz egizyou all wouldn't stack | alaqalamaz edileqalamaz ellethey wouldn't stack |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqalarıq edimqalarıq emI would have stacked | senqalarıq ediŋqalarıq eŋyou would have stacked | olqalarıq ediqalarıq edhe would have stacked | bizqalarıq edikqalarıq ekwe would have stacked | sizqalarıq edigizqalarıq egizyou all would have stacked | alaqalarıq edileqalarıq ellethey would have stacked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqalarıq tül edimqalarıq tül emI wouldn't have stacked | senqalarıq tül ediŋqalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have stacked | olqalarıq tül ediqalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have stacked | bizqalarıq tül edikqalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have stacked | sizqalarıq tül edigizqalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have stacked | alaqalarıq tül edileqalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have stacked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqalasamif I stack | senqalasaŋif you stack | olqalasaif he stacks | bizqalasaqif we stack | sizqalasağızif you all stack | alaqalasalaif they stack |
| Conditional | menqalamasamif I don't stack | senqalamasaŋif you don't stack | olqalamasaif he doesn't stack | bizqalamasaqif we don't stack | sizqalamasağızif you all don't stack | alaqalamasalaif they don't stack |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqalay esemif I am stacking | senqalay eseŋif you are stacking | olqalay eseif he is stacking | bizqalay esekif we are stacking | sizqalay esegizif you all are stacking | alaqalay eseleif they are stacking |
| Conditional, present real | menqalamay esemif I am not stacking | senqalamay eseŋif you are not stacking | olqalamay eseif he is not stacking | bizqalamay esekif we are not stacking | sizqalamay esegizif you all are not stacking | alaqalamay eseleif they are not stacking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqalasam ediqalasam edif only I stacked | senqalasaŋ ediqalasaŋ edif only you stacked | olqalasa ediqalasaedif only he stacked | bizqalasaq ediqalasaq edif only we stacked | sizqalasağız ediqalasağız edif only you all stacked | alaqalasala ediqalasalaedif only they stacked |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqalamasam ediqalamasam edif only I didn't stack | senqalamasaŋ ediqalamasaŋ edif only you didn't stack | olqalamasa ediqalamasaedif only he didn't stack | bizqalamasaq ediqalamasaq edif only we didn't stack | sizqalamasağız ediqalamasağız edif only you all didn't stack | alaqalamasala ediqalamasalaedif only they didn't stack |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqalab tursamif I carry on stacking | senqalab tursaŋif you carry on stacking | olqalab tursaif he carries on stacking | bizqalab tursaqif we carry on stacking | sizqalab tursağızif you all carry on stacking | alaqalab tursalaif they carry on stacking |
| Durative conditional | menqalab turmasamif I don't carry on stacking | senqalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on stacking | olqalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on stacking | bizqalab turmasaqif we don't carry on stacking | sizqalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on stacking | alaqalab turmasalaif they don't carry on stacking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqalab tura esemif I have kept stacking | senqalab tura eseŋif you have kept stacking | olqalab tura eseif he has kept stacking | bizqalab tura esekif we have kept stacking | sizqalab tura esegizif you all have kept stacking | alaqalab tura eseleif they have kept stacking |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqalab turmay esemif I haven't kept stacking | senqalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept stacking | olqalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept stacking | bizqalab turmay esekif we haven't kept stacking | sizqalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept stacking | alaqalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept stacking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqalay tursamif I keep stacking | senqalay tursaŋif you keep stacking | olqalay tursaif he keeps stacking | bizqalay tursaqif we keep stacking | sizqalay tursağızif you all keep stacking | alaqalay tursalaif they keep stacking |
| Progressive conditional | menqalamay tursamif I keep on not stacking | senqalamay tursaŋif you keep on not stacking | olqalamay tursaif he keeps on not stacking | bizqalamay tursaqif we keep on not stacking | sizqalamay tursağızif you all keep on not stacking | alaqalamay tursalaif they keep on not stacking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqalay tura esemif I am in the middle of stacking | senqalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of stacking | olqalay tura eseif he is in the middle of stacking | bizqalay tura esekif we are in the middle of stacking | sizqalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of stacking | alaqalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of stacking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqalamay tura esemif I keep on not stacking | senqalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not stacking | olqalamay tura eseif he keeps on not stacking | bizqalamay tura esekif we keep on not stacking | sizqalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not stacking | alaqalamay tura eseleif they keep on not stacking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqaladım esemif I stacked | senqaladıŋ eseŋif you stacked | olqaladı eseif he stacked | bizqaladıq esekif we stacked | sizqaladığız esegizif you all stacked | alaqaladıla eseleif they stacked |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqalamadım esemif I didn't stack | senqalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't stack | olqalamadı eseif he didn't stack | bizqalamadıq esekif we didn't stack | sizqalamadığız esegizif you all didn't stack | alaqalamadıla eseleif they didn't stack |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqalağan esemif I did stack (indeed) | senqalağan eseŋif you did stack (indeed) | olqalağan eseif he did stack (indeed) | bizqalağan esekif we did stack (indeed) | sizqalağan esegizif you all did stack (indeed) | alaqalağan eseleif they did stack (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqalamağan esemif I didn't stack (indeed) | senqalamağan eseŋif you didn't stack (indeed) | olqalamağan eseif he didn't stack (indeed) | bizqalamağan esekif we didn't stack (indeed) | sizqalamağan esegizif you all didn't stack (indeed) | alaqalamağan eseleif they didn't stack (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqalağan bolsamif I had stacked | senqalağan bolsaŋif you had stacked | olqalağan bolsaif he had stacked | bizqalağan bolsaqif we had stacked | sizqalağan bolsağızif you all had stacked | alaqalağan bolsalaif they had stacked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqalamağan bolsamif I hadn't stacked | senqalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't stacked | olqalamağan bolsaif he hadn't stacked | bizqalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't stacked | sizqalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't stacked | alaqalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't stacked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqalağan bolsam ediqalağan bolsam edif only I had stacked | senqalağan bolsaŋ ediqalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had stacked | olqalağan bolsa ediqalağan bolsaedif only he had stacked | bizqalağan bolsaq ediqalağan bolsaq edif only we had stacked | sizqalağan bolsağız ediqalağan bolsağız edif only you all had stacked | alaqalağan bolsala ediqalağan bolsalaedif only they had stacked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqalamağan bolsam ediqalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't stacked | senqalamağan bolsaŋ ediqalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't stacked | olqalamağan bolsa ediqalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't stacked | bizqalamağan bolsaq ediqalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't stacked | sizqalamağan bolsağız ediqalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't stacked | alaqalamağan bolsala ediqalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't stacked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqalar esemif I will stack | senqalar eseŋif you will stack | olqalar eseif he will stack | bizqalar esekif we will stack | sizqalar esegizif you all will stack | alaqalar eseleif they will stack |
| Conditional, aorist | menqalamaz esemif I won't stack | senqalamaz eseŋif you won't stack | olqalamaz eseif he won't stack | bizqalamaz esekif we won't stack | sizqalamaz esegizif you all won't stack | alaqalamaz eseleif they won't stack |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqalarıq esemif I am going to stack | senqalarıq eseŋif you are going to stack | olqalarıq eseif he is going to stack | bizqalarıq esekif we are going to stack | sizqalarıq esegizif you all are going to stack | alaqalarıq eseleif they are going to stack |
| Conditional, future | menqalarıq tül esemif I am not going to stack | senqalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to stack | olqalarıq tül eseif he is not going to stack | bizqalarıq tül esekif we are not going to stack | sizqalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to stack | alaqalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to stack |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqalarıq bolsamif I were going to stack | senqalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to stack | olqalarıq bolsaif he were going to stack | bizqalarıq bolsaqif we were going to stack | sizqalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to stack | alaqalarıq bolsalaif they were going to stack |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to stack | senqalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to stack | olqalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to stack | bizqalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to stack | sizqalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to stack | alaqalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to stack |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqalay bolurmaI must be stacking | senqalay bolursayou must be stacking | olqalay bolurhe must be stacking | bizqalay bolurbuzwe must be stacking | sizqalay bolursuzyou all must be stacking | alaqalay bolurlathey must be stacking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqalamay bolurmaI must not be stacking | senqalamay bolursayou must not be stacking | olqalamay bolurhe must not be stacking | bizqalamay bolurbuzwe must not be stacking | sizqalamay bolursuzyou all must not be stacking | alaqalamay bolurlathey must not be stacking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of stacking | senqalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of stacking | olqalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of stacking | bizqalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of stacking | sizqalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of stacking | alaqalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of stacking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not stacking | senqalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not stacking | olqalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not stacking | bizqalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not stacking | sizqalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not stacking | alaqalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not stacking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqalağan bolurmaI must have stacked | senqalağan bolursayou must have stacked | olqalağan bolurhe must have stacked | bizqalağan bolurbuzwe must have stacked | sizqalağan bolursuzyou all must have stacked | alaqalağan bolurlathey must have stacked |
| Inference (must have) | menqalamağan bolurmaI must not have stacked | senqalamağan bolursayou must not have stacked | olqalamağan bolurhe must not have stacked | bizqalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have stacked | sizqalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have stacked | alaqalamağan bolurlathey must not have stacked |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqalarıq bolurmaI must be going to stack | senqalarıq bolursayou must be going to stack | olqalarıq bolurhe must be going to stack | bizqalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to stack | sizqalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to stack | alaqalarıq bolurlathey must be going to stack |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to stack | senqalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to stack | olqalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to stack | bizqalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to stack | sizqalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to stack | alaqalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to stack |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqalayımlet me stack | senqala!stack! | olqalasınlet him stack | bizqalayıqlet's stack | sizqalağız!stack, you all! | alaqalasınlalet them stack |
| Commands & suggestions | menqalamayımlet me not stack | senqalama!don't stack! | olqalamasınlet him not stack | bizqalamayıqlet's not stack | sizqalamağız!don't stack, you all! | alaqalamasınlalet them not stack |
| Commands & suggestions | menqalayımmı?shall I stack? | olqalasınmı?should he stack? | bizqalayıqmı?shall we stack? | alaqalasınlamı?should they stack? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqalamayımmı?shall I not stack? | olqalamasınmı?should he not stack? | bizqalamayıqmı?shall we not stack? | alaqalamasınlamı?should they not stack? | ||
| Requests | senqalaçı2qalaçınplease stack | olqalasınçıdo let him stack | sizqalaçığızplease stack (plural/polite) | alaqalasınlaçıdo let them stack | ||
| Requests | senqalamaçı2qalamaçınplease don't stack | olqalamasınçıdo let him not stack | sizqalamaçığızplease don't stack (plural/polite) | alaqalamasınlaçıdo let them not stack | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqalağınqalağımay you stack | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqalamağınqalamağımay you not stack | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqalağay edim qalağa edimwould that I stacked | senqalağay ediŋ qalağa ediŋwould that you stacked | olqalağay edi qalağa ediwould that he stacked | bizqalağay edik qalağa edikwould that we stacked | sizqalağay edigiz qalağa edigizwould that you all stacked | alaqalağay edile qalağa edilewould that they stacked |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqalamağay edim qalamağa edimwould that I did not stack | senqalamağay ediŋ qalamağa ediŋwould that you did not stack | olqalamağay edi qalamağa ediwould that he did not stack | bizqalamağay edik qalamağa edikwould that we did not stack | sizqalamağay edigiz qalamağa edigizwould that you all did not stack | alaqalamağay edile qalamağa edilewould that they did not stack |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalamağa qoyayımqalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to stack | senqalamağa qoy!qalama qoy!let someone stack! | olqalamağa qoysunqalama qoysunlet him allow someone to stack | bizqalamağa qoyayıqqalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to stack | sizqalamağa qoyuğuz!qalama qoyuğuz!let someone stack, you all! | alaqalamağa qoysunlaqalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to stack |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalamağa qoymayımqalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to stack | senqalamağa qoyma!qalama qoyma!don't let someone stack! | olqalamağa qoymasınqalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to stack | bizqalamağa qoymayıqqalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to stack | sizqalamağa qoymağız!qalama qoymağız!don't let someone stack, you all! | alaqalamağa qoymasınlaqalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to stack |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalamağa qoyayımmı?qalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to stack? | olqalamağa qoysunmu?qalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to stack? | bizqalamağa qoyayıqmı?qalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to stack? | alaqalamağa qoysunlamı?qalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to stack? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalamağa qoymayımmı?qalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to stack? | olqalamağa qoymasınmı?qalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to stack? | bizqalamağa qoymayıqmı?qalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to stack? | alaqalamağa qoymasınlamı?qalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to stack? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqalamağa qoyamaqalama qoyamaI allow someone to stack | senqalamağa qoyasaqalama qoyasayou allow someone to stack | olqalamağa qoyadıqalama qoyadıhe allows someone to stack | bizqalamağa qoyabızqalama qoyabızwe allow someone to stack | sizqalamağa qoyasızqalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to stack | alaqalamağa qoyadılaqalama qoyadılathey allow someone to stack |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalamağa qoymaymaqalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to stack | senqalamağa qoymaysaqalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to stack | olqalamağa qoymaydıqalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to stack | bizqalamağa qoymaybızqalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to stack | sizqalamağa qoymaysızqalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to stack | alaqalamağa qoymaydılaqalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to stack |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalamağa qoyamamı?qalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to stack? | senqalamağa qoyamısa?qalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to stack? | olqalamağa qoyamıdı?qalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to stack? | bizqalamağa qoyabızmı?qalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to stack? | sizqalamağa qoyamısız?qalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to stack? | alaqalamağa qoyamıdıla?qalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to stack? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalamağa qoymaymamı?qalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to stack? | senqalamağa qoymaymısa?qalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to stack? | olqalamağa qoymaymıdı?qalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to stack? | bizqalamağa qoymaybızmı?qalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to stack? | sizqalamağa qoymaymısız?qalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to stack? | alaqalamağa qoymaymıdıla?qalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to stack? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalamağa qoydumqalama qoydumI allowed someone to stack | senqalamağa qoyduŋqalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to stack | olqalamağa qoyduqalama qoyduhe allowed someone to stack | bizqalamağa qoyduqqalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to stack | sizqalamağa qoyduğuzqalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to stack | alaqalamağa qoydulaqalama qoydulathey allowed someone to stack |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalamağa qoymadımqalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to stack | senqalamağa qoymadıŋqalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to stack | olqalamağa qoymadıqalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to stack | bizqalamağa qoymadıqqalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to stack | sizqalamağa qoymadığızqalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to stack | alaqalamağa qoymadılaqalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to stack |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalamağa qoydummu?qalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to stack? | senqalamağa qoyduŋmu?qalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to stack? | olqalamağa qoydumu?qalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to stack? | bizqalamağa qoyduqmu?qalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to stack? | sizqalamağa qoyduğuzmu?qalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to stack? | alaqalamağa qoydulamı?qalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to stack? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalamağa qoymadımmı?qalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to stack? | senqalamağa qoymadıŋmı?qalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to stack? | olqalamağa qoymadımı?qalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to stack? | bizqalamağa qoymadıqmı?qalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to stack? | sizqalamağa qoymadığızmı?qalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to stack? | alaqalamağa qoymadılamı?qalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to stack? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qalayalırğa be able to stack · qalayalmazğa be unable to stack
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqalayalamaI can stack | senqalayalasayou can stack | olqalayaladıhe can stack | bizqalayalabızwe can stack | sizqalayalasızyou all can stack | alaqalayaladılathey can stack |
| Ability — present | menqalayalmaymaI can't stack | senqalayalmaysayou can't stack | olqalayalmaydıhe can't stack | bizqalayalmaybızwe can't stack | sizqalayalmaysızyou all can't stack | alaqalayalmaydılathey can't stack |
| Ability — present | menqalayalamamı? qalayalamıma?can I stack? | senqalayalamısa?can you stack? | olqalayalamıdı?can he stack? | bizqalayalabızmı? qalayalamıbız?can we stack? | sizqalayalamısız?can you all stack? | alaqalayalamıdıla?can they stack? |
| Ability — present | menqalayalmaymamı? qalayalmaymıma?can't I stack? | senqalayalmaymısa?can't you stack? | olqalayalmaymıdı?can't he stack? | bizqalayalmaybızmı? qalayalmaymıbız?can't we stack? | sizqalayalmaymısız?can't you all stack? | alaqalayalmaymıdıla?can't they stack? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqalayalsamif I can stack | senqalayalsaŋif you can stack | olqalayalsaif he can stack | bizqalayalsaqif we can stack | sizqalayalsağızif you all can stack | alaqalayalsalaif they can stack |
| Ability — if I can… | menqalayalmasamif I can't stack | senqalayalmasaŋif you can't stack | olqalayalmasaif he can't stack | bizqalayalmasaqif we can't stack | sizqalayalmasağızif you all can't stack | alaqalayalmasalaif they can't stack |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqalayaldımI was able to stack | senqalayaldıŋyou were able to stack | olqalayaldıhe was able to stack | bizqalayaldıqwe were able to stack | sizqalayaldığızyou all were able to stack | alaqalayaldılathey were able to stack |
| Ability — simple past | menqalayalmadımI could not stack | senqalayalmadıŋyou could not stack | olqalayalmadıhe could not stack | bizqalayalmadıqwe could not stack | sizqalayalmadığızyou all could not stack | alaqalayalmadılathey could not stack |
| Ability — simple past | menqalayaldımmı?was I able to stack? | senqalayaldıŋmı?were you able to stack? | olqalayaldımı?was he able to stack? | bizqalayaldıqmı?were we able to stack? | sizqalayaldığızmı?were you all able to stack? | alaqalayaldılamı?were they able to stack? |
| Ability — simple past | menqalayalmadımmı?couldn't I stack? | senqalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you stack? | olqalayalmadımı?couldn't he stack? | bizqalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we stack? | sizqalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all stack? | alaqalayalmadılamı?couldn't they stack? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalayalğanmaI have been able to stack | senqalayalğansayou have been able to stack | olqalayalğandıhe has been able to stack | bizqalayalğanbızwe have been able to stack | sizqalayalğansızyou all have been able to stack | alaqalayalğandılathey have been able to stack |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to stack | senqalayalmağansayou haven't been able to stack | olqalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to stack | bizqalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to stack | sizqalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to stack | alaqalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to stack |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalayalğanmamı? qalayalğanmıma?have I been able to stack? | senqalayalğanmısa?have you been able to stack? | olqalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to stack? | bizqalayalğanbızmı? qalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to stack? | sizqalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to stack? | alaqalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to stack? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalayalmağanmamı? qalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to stack? | senqalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to stack? | olqalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to stack? | bizqalayalmağanbızmı? qalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to stack? | sizqalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to stack? | alaqalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to stack? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqalayalğan edimqalayalğanemI had been able to stack | senqalayalğan ediŋqalayalğaneŋyou had been able to stack | olqalayalğan ediqalayalğanedhe had been able to stack | bizqalayalğan edikqalayalğanekwe had been able to stack | sizqalayalğan edigizqalayalğanegizyou all had been able to stack | alaqalayalğan edileqalayalğanellethey had been able to stack |
| Ability — past perfect | menqalayalmağan edimqalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to stack | senqalayalmağan ediŋqalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to stack | olqalayalmağan ediqalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to stack | bizqalayalmağan edikqalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to stack | sizqalayalmağan edigizqalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to stack | alaqalayalmağan edileqalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to stack |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqalayala edimqalayalaemI could stack | senqalayala ediŋqalayalaeŋyou could stack | olqalayala ediqalayalaedhe could stack | bizqalayala edikqalayalaekwe could stack | sizqalayala edigizqalayalaegizyou all could stack | alaqalayala edileqalayalaellethey could stack |
| Ability — past background | menqalayalmay edimqalayalmayemI could not stack | senqalayalmay ediŋqalayalmayeŋyou could not stack | olqalayalmay ediqalayalmayedhe could not stack | bizqalayalmay edikqalayalmayekwe could not stack | sizqalayalmay edigizqalayalmayegizyou all could not stack | alaqalayalmay edileqalayalmayellethey could not stack |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqalayalırmaI will be able to stack | senqalayalırsayou will be able to stack | olqalayalırhe will be able to stack | bizqalayalırbızwe will be able to stack | sizqalayalırsızyou all will be able to stack | alaqalayalırlathey will be able to stack |
| Ability — future I | menqalayalmazmaI won't be able to stack | senqalayalmazsayou won't be able to stack | olqalayalmazhe won't be able to stack | bizqalayalmazbızwe won't be able to stack | sizqalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to stack | alaqalayalmazlathey won't be able to stack |
| Ability — future I | menqalayalırmamı? qalayalırmıma?will I be able to stack? | senqalayalırmısa?will you be able to stack? | olqalayalırmı?will he be able to stack? | bizqalayalırbızmı? qalayalırmıbız?will we be able to stack? | sizqalayalırmısız?will you all be able to stack? | alaqalayalırlamı? qalayalırmıla?will they be able to stack? |
| Ability — future I | menqalayalmazmamı? qalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to stack? | senqalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to stack? | olqalayalmazmı?won't he be able to stack? | bizqalayalmazbızmı? qalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to stack? | sizqalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to stack? | alaqalayalmazlamı? qalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to stack? |
| Ability — future II | menqalayallıqmaI am going to be able to stack | senqalayallıqsayou are going to be able to stack | olqalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to stack | bizqalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to stack | sizqalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to stack | alaqalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to stack |
| Ability — future II | menqalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to stack | senqalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to stack | olqalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to stack | bizqalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to stack | sizqalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to stack | alaqalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to stack |
| Ability — future II | menqalayallıqmamı? qalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to stack? | senqalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to stack? | olqalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to stack? | bizqalayallıqbızmı? qalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to stack? | sizqalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to stack? | alaqalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to stack? |
| Ability — future II | menqalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to stack? | senqalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to stack? | olqalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to stack? | bizqalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to stack? | sizqalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to stack? | alaqalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to stack? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqalayalır edimqalayalır emI would be able to stack | senqalayalır ediŋqalayalır eŋyou would be able to stack | olqalayalır ediqalayalır edhe would be able to stack | bizqalayalır edikqalayalır ekwe would be able to stack | sizqalayalır edigizqalayalır egizyou all would be able to stack | alaqalayalır edileqalayalır ellethey would be able to stack |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqalayalmaz edimqalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to stack | senqalayalmaz ediŋqalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to stack | olqalayalmaz ediqalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to stack | bizqalayalmaz edikqalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to stack | sizqalayalmaz edigizqalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to stack | alaqalayalmaz edileqalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to stack |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqalayalğınqalayalğımay you be able to stack | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqalayalmağınqalayalmağımay you not be able to stack | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqalarğa izleymeI want to stack | senqalarğa izleyseyou want to stack | olqalarğa izleydihe wants to stack | bizqalarğa izleybizwe want to stack | sizqalarğa izleysizyou all want to stack | alaqalarğa izleydilethey want to stack |
| want to | menqalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to stack | senqalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to stack | olqalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to stack | bizqalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to stack | sizqalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to stack | alaqalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to stack |
| would like to | menqalarğa süemeI would like to stack | senqalarğa süeseyou would like to stack | olqalarğa süedihe would like to stack | bizqalarğa süebizwe would like to stack | sizqalarğa süesizyou all would like to stack | alaqalarğa süedilethey would like to stack |
| would like to | menqalarğa süymeymeI would not like to stack | senqalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to stack | olqalarğa süymeydihe would not like to stack | bizqalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to stack | sizqalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to stack | alaqalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to stack |
| hope to | menqalarğa umutlanamaI hope to stack | senqalarğa umutlanasayou hope to stack | olqalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to stack | bizqalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to stack | sizqalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to stack | alaqalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to stack |
| hope to | menqalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to stack | senqalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to stack | olqalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to stack | bizqalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to stack | sizqalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to stack | alaqalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to stack |
| be about to | menqalarğa deb turamaI am about to stack | senqalarğa deb turasayou are about to stack | olqalarğa deb turadıhe is about to stack | bizqalarğa deb turabızwe are about to stack | sizqalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to stack | alaqalarğa deb turadılathey are about to stack |
| be about to | menqalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to stack | senqalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to stack | olqalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to stack | bizqalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to stack | sizqalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to stack | alaqalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to stack |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqalarğa kerekmeI need to stack | senqalarğa kerekseyou need to stack | olqalarğa kerekdihe needs to stack | bizqalarğa kerekbizwe need to stack | sizqalarğa kereksizyou all need to stack | alaqalarğa kerekdilethey need to stack |
| need to | menqalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to stack | senqalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to stack | olqalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to stack | bizqalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to stack | sizqalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to stack | alaqalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to stack |
| have to | menmenŋe qalarğa tüşediI have to stack | sensenŋe qalarğa tüşediyou have to stack | olaŋa qalarğa tüşedihe has to stack | bizbizge qalarğa tüşediwe have to stack | sizsizge qalarğa tüşediyou all have to stack | alaalağa qalarğa tüşedithey have to stack |
| have to | menmenŋe qalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to stack | sensenŋe qalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to stack | olaŋa qalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to stack | bizbizge qalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to stack | sizsizge qalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to stack | alaalağa qalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to stack |
| be obliged to | menqalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to stack | senqalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to stack | olqalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to stack | bizqalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to stack | sizqalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to stack | alaqalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to stack |
| be obliged to | menqalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to stack | senqalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to stack | olqalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to stack | bizqalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to stack | sizqalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to stack | alaqalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to stack |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to stack | senqalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to stack | olqalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to stack | bizqalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to stack | sizqalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to stack | alaqalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to stack |
| have a way to | menqalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to stack | senqalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to stack | olqalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to stack | bizqalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to stack | sizqalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to stack | alaqalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to stack |
| be free to | menqalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to stack | senqalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to stack | olqalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to stack | bizqalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to stack | sizqalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to stack | alaqalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to stack |
| be free to | menqalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to stack | senqalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to stack | olqalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to stack | bizqalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to stack | sizqalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to stack | alaqalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to stack |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to stack | sensenŋe qalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to stack | olaŋa qalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to stack | bizbizge qalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to stack | sizsizge qalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to stack | alaalağa qalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to stack |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to stack | sensenŋe qalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to stack | olaŋa qalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to stack | bizbizge qalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to stack | sizsizge qalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to stack | alaalağa qalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to stack |
| be ready to | menqalarğa hazırmaI am ready to stack | senqalarğa hazırsayou are ready to stack | olqalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to stack | bizqalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to stack | sizqalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to stack | alaqalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to stack |
| be ready to | menqalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to stack | senqalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to stack | olqalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to stack | bizqalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to stack | sizqalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to stack | alaqalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to stack |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqalarğa küreşemeI am trying to stack | senqalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to stack | olqalarğa küreşedihe is trying to stack | bizqalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to stack | sizqalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to stack | alaqalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to stack |
| try to | menqalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to stack | senqalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to stack | olqalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to stack | bizqalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to stack | sizqalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to stack | alaqalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to stack |
| agree to | menqalarğa unaymaI agree to stack | senqalarğa unaysayou agree to stack | olqalarğa unaydıhe agrees to stack | bizqalarğa unaybızwe agree to stack | sizqalarğa unaysızyou all agree to stack | alaqalarğa unaydılathey agree to stack |
| agree to | menqalarğa unamaymaI refuse to stack | senqalarğa unamaysayou refuse to stack | olqalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to stack | bizqalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to stack | sizqalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to stack | alaqalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to stack |
| hurry to | menqalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to stack | senqalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to stack | olqalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to stack | bizqalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to stack | sizqalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to stack | alaqalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to stack |
| hurry to | menqalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to stack | senqalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to stack | olqalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to stack | bizqalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to stack | sizqalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to stack | alaqalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to stack |
| be afraid to | menqalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to stack | senqalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to stack | olqalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to stack | bizqalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to stack | sizqalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to stack | alaqalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to stack |
| be afraid to | menqalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to stack | senqalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to stack | olqalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to stack | bizqalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to stack | sizqalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to stack | alaqalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to stack |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqalay bolmazmaI can't be stacking | senqalay bolmazsayou can't be stacking | olqalay bolmazhe can't be stacking | bizqalay bolmazbızwe can't be stacking | sizqalay bolmazsızyou all can't be stacking | alaqalay bolmazlathey can't be stacking |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqalamay bolmazmaI must be stacking (emphatic) | senqalamay bolmazsayou must be stacking (emphatic) | olqalamay bolmazhe must be stacking (emphatic) | bizqalamay bolmazbızwe must be stacking (emphatic) | sizqalamay bolmazsızyou all must be stacking (emphatic) | alaqalamay bolmazlathey must be stacking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqalay turmasamif I don't keep stacking | senqalay turmasaŋif you don't keep stacking | olqalay turmasaif he doesn't keep stacking | bizqalay turmasaqif we don't keep stacking | sizqalay turmasağızif you all don't keep stacking | alaqalay turmasalaif they don't keep stacking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of stacking | senqalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of stacking | olqalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of stacking | bizqalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of stacking | sizqalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of stacking | alaqalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of stacking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not stacking (emphatic) | senqalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not stacking (emphatic) | olqalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not stacking (emphatic) | bizqalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not stacking (emphatic) | sizqalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not stacking (emphatic) | alaqalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not stacking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqalamay turamaI keep on not stacking | senqalamay turasayou keep on not stacking | olqalamay turadıhe keeps on not stacking | bizqalamay turabızwe keep on not stacking | sizqalamay turasızyou all keep on not stacking | alaqalamay turadılathey keep on not stacking |
| Progressive — double negation | menqalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not stacking | senqalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not stacking | olqalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not stacking | bizqalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not stacking | sizqalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not stacking | alaqalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not stacking |
| Progressive — double negation | menqalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not stacking? | senqalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not stacking? | olqalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not stacking? | bizqalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not stacking? | sizqalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not stacking? | alaqalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not stacking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqalağan bolmazmaI can't have stacked | senqalağan bolmazsayou can't have stacked | olqalağan bolmazhe can't have stacked | bizqalağan bolmazbızwe can't have stacked | sizqalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have stacked | alaqalağan bolmazlathey can't have stacked |
| Inference — double negation | menqalamağan bolmazmaI must have stacked (emphatic) | senqalamağan bolmazsayou must have stacked (emphatic) | olqalamağan bolmazhe must have stacked (emphatic) | bizqalamağan bolmazbızwe must have stacked (emphatic) | sizqalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have stacked (emphatic) | alaqalamağan bolmazlathey must have stacked (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had stacked | senqalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had stacked | olqalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had stacked | bizqalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had stacked | sizqalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had stacked | alaqalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had stacked |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't stacked | senqalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't stacked | olqalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't stacked | bizqalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't stacked | sizqalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't stacked | alaqalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't stacked |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to stack | senqalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to stack | olqalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to stack | bizqalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to stack | sizqalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to stack | alaqalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to stack |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to stack (emphatic) | senqalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to stack (emphatic) | olqalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to stack (emphatic) | bizqalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to stack (emphatic) | sizqalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to stack (emphatic) | alaqalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to stack (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to stack | senqalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to stack | olqalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to stack | bizqalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to stack | sizqalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to stack | alaqalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to stack |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to stack | senqalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to stack | olqalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to stack | bizqalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to stack | sizqalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to stack | alaqalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to stack |