qıyırğa
/qɯjɯrʁa/
sharpen (a pencil etc.), point
- Karandaşlanı qıydıq — We sharpened the pencils
- Karandaşımı bıçaq bla qıyama — I sharpen my pencil with a knife
- Sen karandaşıŋı qıydıŋmı? — Did you sharpen your pencil?
Conjugation
Common forms
- qıyadıhe is sharpening
- qıydıhe sharpened
- qıyğandıhe has sharpened
- qıyırhe will sharpen
- qıyırıqdıhe is going to sharpen
- qıya edihe was sharpening
- qıysaif he sharpens
- qıy!sharpen!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıyamaI am sharpening | senqıyasayou are sharpening | olqıyadıhe is sharpening | bizqıyabızwe are sharpening | sizqıyasızyou all are sharpening | alaqıyadılathey are sharpening |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıymaymaI am not sharpening | senqıymaysayou are not sharpening | olqıymaydıhe is not sharpening | bizqıymaybızwe are not sharpening | sizqıymaysızyou all are not sharpening | alaqıymaydılathey are not sharpening |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıyamamı? qıyamıma?am I sharpening? | senqıyamısa?are you sharpening? | olqıyamıdı?is he sharpening? | bizqıyabızmı? qıyamıbız?are we sharpening? | sizqıyamısız?are you all sharpening? | alaqıyamıdıla?are they sharpening? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıymaymamı? qıymaymıma?aren't I sharpening? | senqıymaymısa?aren't you sharpening? | olqıymaymıdı?isn't he sharpening? | bizqıymaybızmı? qıymaymıbız?aren't we sharpening? | sizqıymaymısız?aren't you all sharpening? | alaqıymaymıdıla?aren't they sharpening? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıyıwçanmaI usually sharpen | senqıyıwçansayou usually sharpen | olqıyıwçandıhe usually sharpens | bizqıyıwçanbızwe usually sharpen | sizqıyıwçansızyou all usually sharpen | alaqıyıwçandılathey usually sharpen |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıymawçanmaI usually don't sharpen | senqıymawçansayou usually don't sharpen | olqıymawçandıhe usually doesn't sharpen | bizqıymawçanbızwe usually don't sharpen | sizqıymawçansızyou all usually don't sharpen | alaqıymawçandılathey usually don't sharpen |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıyıwçanmamı? qıyıwçanmıma?do I usually sharpen? | senqıyıwçanmısa?do you usually sharpen? | olqıyıwçanmıdı?does he usually sharpen? | bizqıyıwçanbızmı? qıyıwçanmıbız?do we usually sharpen? | sizqıyıwçanmısız?do you all usually sharpen? | alaqıyıwçanmıdıla?do they usually sharpen? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıymawçanmamı? qıymawçanmıma?do I usually not sharpen? | senqıymawçanmısa?do you usually not sharpen? | olqıymawçanmıdı?does he usually not sharpen? | bizqıymawçanbızmı? qıymawçanmıbız?do we usually not sharpen? | sizqıymawçanmısız?do you all usually not sharpen? | alaqıymawçanmıdıla?do they usually not sharpen? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqıyıbdıhe has sharpened and remains so | alaqıyıbdılathey have sharpened and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqıyıbmıdı?has he sharpened? | alaqıyıbmıdıla?have they sharpened? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıyıb turamaI keep sharpening | senqıyıb turasayou keep sharpening | olqıyıb turadıhe keeps sharpening | bizqıyıb turabızwe keep sharpening | sizqıyıb turasızyou all keep sharpening | alaqıyıb turadılathey keep sharpening |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıyıb turmaymaI don't keep sharpening | senqıyıb turmaysayou don't keep sharpening | olqıyıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep sharpening | bizqıyıb turmaybızwe don't keep sharpening | sizqıyıb turmaysızyou all don't keep sharpening | alaqıyıb turmaydılathey don't keep sharpening |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıyıb turamamı? qıyıb turamıma?do I keep sharpening? | senqıyıb turamısa?do you keep sharpening? | olqıyıb turamıdı?does he keep sharpening? | bizqıyıb turabızmı? qıyıb turamıbız?do we keep sharpening? | sizqıyıb turamısız?do you all keep sharpening? | alaqıyıb turamıdıla?do they keep sharpening? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıyıb turmaymamı? qıyıb turmaymıma?don't I keep sharpening? | senqıyıb turmaymısa?don't you keep sharpening? | olqıyıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep sharpening? | bizqıyıb turmaybızmı? qıyıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep sharpening? | sizqıyıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep sharpening? | alaqıyıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep sharpening? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıya turamaI am in the middle of sharpening | senqıya turasayou are in the middle of sharpening | olqıya turadıhe is in the middle of sharpening | bizqıya turabızwe are in the middle of sharpening | sizqıya turasızyou all are in the middle of sharpening | alaqıya turadılathey are in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıya turmaymaI am not in the middle of sharpening | senqıya turmaysayou are not in the middle of sharpening | olqıya turmaydıhe is not in the middle of sharpening | bizqıya turmaybızwe are not in the middle of sharpening | sizqıya turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of sharpening | alaqıya turmaydılathey are not in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıya turamamı? qıya turamıma?am I in the middle of sharpening? | senqıya turamısa?are you in the middle of sharpening? | olqıya turamıdı?is he in the middle of sharpening? | bizqıya turabızmı? qıya turamıbız?are we in the middle of sharpening? | sizqıya turamısız?are you all in the middle of sharpening? | alaqıya turamıdıla?are they in the middle of sharpening? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıya turmaymamı? qıya turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of sharpening? | senqıya turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of sharpening? | olqıya turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of sharpening? | bizqıya turmaybızmı? qıya turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of sharpening? | sizqıya turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of sharpening? | alaqıya turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of sharpening? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıydımI sharpened | senqıydıŋyou sharpened | olqıydıhe sharpened | bizqıydıqwe sharpened | sizqıydığızyou all sharpened | alaqıydılathey sharpened |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıymadımI didn't sharpen | senqıymadıŋyou didn't sharpen | olqıymadıhe didn't sharpen | bizqıymadıqwe didn't sharpen | sizqıymadığızyou all didn't sharpen | alaqıymadılathey didn't sharpen |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıydımmı?did I sharpen? | senqıydıŋmı?did you sharpen? | olqıydımı?did he sharpen? | bizqıydıqmı?did we sharpen? | sizqıydığızmı?did you all sharpen? | alaqıydılamı?did they sharpen? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıymadımmı?didn't I sharpen? | senqıymadıŋmı?didn't you sharpen? | olqıymadımı?didn't he sharpen? | bizqıymadıqmı?didn't we sharpen? | sizqıymadığızmı?didn't you all sharpen? | alaqıymadılamı?didn't they sharpen? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıyğanmaI have sharpened | senqıyğansayou have sharpened | olqıyğandıhe has sharpened | bizqıyğanbızwe have sharpened | sizqıyğansızyou all have sharpened | alaqıyğandılathey have sharpened |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıymağanmaI haven't sharpened | senqıymağansayou haven't sharpened | olqıymağandıhe hasn't sharpened | bizqıymağanbızwe haven't sharpened | sizqıymağansızyou all haven't sharpened | alaqıymağandılathey haven't sharpened |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıyğanmamı? qıyğanmıma?have I sharpened? | senqıyğanmısa?have you sharpened? | olqıyğanmıdı?has he sharpened? | bizqıyğanbızmı? qıyğanmıbız?have we sharpened? | sizqıyğanmısız?have you all sharpened? | alaqıyğanmıdıla?have they sharpened? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıymağanmamı? qıymağanmıma?haven't I sharpened? | senqıymağanmısa?haven't you sharpened? | olqıymağanmıdı?hasn't he sharpened? | bizqıymağanbızmı? qıymağanmıbız?haven't we sharpened? | sizqıymağanmısız?haven't you all sharpened? | alaqıymağanmıdıla?haven't they sharpened? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqıyıb turdumI kept sharpening | senqıyıb turduŋyou kept sharpening | olqıyıb turduhe kept sharpening | bizqıyıb turduqwe kept sharpening | sizqıyıb turduğuzyou all kept sharpening | alaqıyıb turdulathey kept sharpening |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqıyıb turmadımI didn't keep sharpening | senqıyıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep sharpening | olqıyıb turmadıhe didn't keep sharpening | bizqıyıb turmadıqwe didn't keep sharpening | sizqıyıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep sharpening | alaqıyıb turmadılathey didn't keep sharpening |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıyırmaI will sharpen | senqıyırsayou will sharpen | olqıyırhe will sharpen | bizqıyırbızwe will sharpen | sizqıyırsızyou all will sharpen | alaqıyırlathey will sharpen |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıymazmaI won't sharpen | senqıymazsayou won't sharpen | olqıymazhe won't sharpen | bizqıymazbızwe won't sharpen | sizqıymazsızyou all won't sharpen | alaqıymazlathey won't sharpen |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıyırmamı? qıyırmıma?will I sharpen? | senqıyırmısa?will you sharpen? | olqıyırmı?will he sharpen? | bizqıyırbızmı? qıyırmıbız?will we sharpen? | sizqıyırmısız?will you all sharpen? | alaqıyırlamı? qıyırmıla?will they sharpen? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıymazmamı? qıymazmıma?won't I sharpen? | senqıymazmısa?won't you sharpen? | olqıymazmı?won't he sharpen? | bizqıymazbızmı? qıymazmıbız?won't we sharpen? | sizqıymazmısız?won't you all sharpen? | alaqıymazlamı? qıymazmıla?won't they sharpen? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıyırıqmaI am going to sharpen | senqıyırıqsayou are going to sharpen | olqıyırıqdıhe is going to sharpen | bizqıyırıqbızwe are going to sharpen | sizqıyırıqsızyou all are going to sharpen | alaqıyırıqdılathey are going to sharpen |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıyırıq tülmeI am not going to sharpen | senqıyırıq tülseyou are not going to sharpen | olqıyırıq tüldühe is not going to sharpen | bizqıyırıq tülbüzwe are not going to sharpen | sizqıyırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to sharpen | alaqıyırıq tüldülethey are not going to sharpen |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıyırıqmamı? qıyırıqmıma?am I going to sharpen? | senqıyırıqmısa?are you going to sharpen? | olqıyırıqmıdı?is he going to sharpen? | bizqıyırıqbızmı? qıyırıqmıbız?are we going to sharpen? | sizqıyırıqmısız?are you all going to sharpen? | alaqıyırıqmıdıla?are they going to sharpen? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıyırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to sharpen? | senqıyırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to sharpen? | olqıyırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to sharpen? | bizqıyırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to sharpen? | sizqıyırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to sharpen? | alaqıyırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to sharpen? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqıyğan edimqıyğanemI had sharpened | senqıyğan ediŋqıyğaneŋyou had sharpened | olqıyğan ediqıyğanedhe had sharpened | bizqıyğan edikqıyğanekwe had sharpened | sizqıyğan edigizqıyğanegizyou all had sharpened | alaqıyğan edileqıyğanellethey had sharpened |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqıymağan edimqıymağanemI hadn't sharpened | senqıymağan ediŋqıymağaneŋyou hadn't sharpened | olqıymağan ediqıymağanedhe hadn't sharpened | bizqıymağan edikqıymağanekwe hadn't sharpened | sizqıymağan edigizqıymağanegizyou all hadn't sharpened | alaqıymağan edileqıymağanellethey hadn't sharpened |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqıya edimqıyaemI was sharpening | senqıya ediŋqıyaeŋyou were sharpening | olqıya ediqıyaedhe was sharpening | bizqıya edikqıyaekwe were sharpening | sizqıya edigizqıyaegizyou all were sharpening | alaqıya edileqıyaellethey were sharpening |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqıymay edimqıymayemI wasn't sharpening | senqıymay ediŋqıymayeŋyou weren't sharpening | olqıymay ediqıymayedhe wasn't sharpening | bizqıymay edikqıymayekwe weren't sharpening | sizqıymay edigizqıymayegizyou all weren't sharpening | alaqıymay edileqıymayellethey weren't sharpening |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqıyıwçan edimqıyıwçanemI used to sharpen | senqıyıwçan ediŋqıyıwçaneŋyou used to sharpen | olqıyıwçan ediqıyıwçanedhe used to sharpen | bizqıyıwçan edikqıyıwçanekwe used to sharpen | sizqıyıwçan edigizqıyıwçanegizyou all used to sharpen | alaqıyıwçan edileqıyıwçanellethey used to sharpen |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqıymawçan edimqıymawçanemI didn't use to sharpen | senqıymawçan ediŋqıymawçaneŋyou didn't use to sharpen | olqıymawçan ediqıymawçanedhe didn't use to sharpen | bizqıymawçan edikqıymawçanekwe didn't use to sharpen | sizqıymawçan edigizqıymawçanegizyou all didn't use to sharpen | alaqıymawçan edileqıymawçanellethey didn't use to sharpen |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqıyıb edihe had sharpened and remained so | alaqıyıb edilethey had sharpened and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqıyıb tül edihe hadn't sharpened | alaqıyıb tül edilethey hadn't sharpened | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqıyıb tura edimqıyıb turaemI had kept sharpening | senqıyıb tura ediŋqıyıb turaeŋyou had kept sharpening | olqıyıb tura ediqıyıb turaedhe had kept sharpening | bizqıyıb tura edikqıyıb turaekwe had kept sharpening | sizqıyıb tura edigizqıyıb turaegizyou all had kept sharpening | alaqıyıb tura edileqıyıb turaellethey had kept sharpening |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqıyıb turmay edimqıyıb turmayemI hadn't kept sharpening | senqıyıb turmay ediŋqıyıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept sharpening | olqıyıb turmay ediqıyıb turmayedhe hadn't kept sharpening | bizqıyıb turmay edikqıyıb turmayekwe hadn't kept sharpening | sizqıyıb turmay edigizqıyıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept sharpening | alaqıyıb turmay edileqıyıb turmayellethey hadn't kept sharpening |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqıya tura edimqıya turaemI was in the middle of sharpening | senqıya tura ediŋqıya turaeŋyou were in the middle of sharpening | olqıya tura ediqıya turaedhe was in the middle of sharpening | bizqıya tura edikqıya turaekwe were in the middle of sharpening | sizqıya tura edigizqıya turaegizyou all were in the middle of sharpening | alaqıya tura edileqıya turaellethey were in the middle of sharpening |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqıya turmay edimqıya turmayemI wasn't in the middle of sharpening | senqıya turmay ediŋqıya turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of sharpening | olqıya turmay ediqıya turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of sharpening | bizqıya turmay edikqıya turmayekwe weren't in the middle of sharpening | sizqıya turmay edigizqıya turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of sharpening | alaqıya turmay edileqıya turmayellethey weren't in the middle of sharpening |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqıyır edimqıyır emI would sharpen | senqıyır ediŋqıyır eŋyou would sharpen | olqıyır ediqıyır edhe would sharpen | bizqıyır edikqıyır ekwe would sharpen | sizqıyır edigizqıyır egizyou all would sharpen | alaqıyır edileqıyır ellethey would sharpen |
| Conditional result (would) | menqıymaz edimqıymaz emI wouldn't sharpen | senqıymaz ediŋqıymaz eŋyou wouldn't sharpen | olqıymaz ediqıymaz edhe wouldn't sharpen | bizqıymaz edikqıymaz ekwe wouldn't sharpen | sizqıymaz edigizqıymaz egizyou all wouldn't sharpen | alaqıymaz edileqıymaz ellethey wouldn't sharpen |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqıyırıq edimqıyırıq emI would have sharpened | senqıyırıq ediŋqıyırıq eŋyou would have sharpened | olqıyırıq ediqıyırıq edhe would have sharpened | bizqıyırıq edikqıyırıq ekwe would have sharpened | sizqıyırıq edigizqıyırıq egizyou all would have sharpened | alaqıyırıq edileqıyırıq ellethey would have sharpened |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqıyırıq tül edimqıyırıq tül emI wouldn't have sharpened | senqıyırıq tül ediŋqıyırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have sharpened | olqıyırıq tül ediqıyırıq tül edhe wouldn't have sharpened | bizqıyırıq tül edikqıyırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have sharpened | sizqıyırıq tül edigizqıyırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have sharpened | alaqıyırıq tül edileqıyırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have sharpened |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqıysamif I sharpen | senqıysaŋif you sharpen | olqıysaif he sharpens | bizqıysaqif we sharpen | sizqıysağızif you all sharpen | alaqıysalaif they sharpen |
| Conditional | menqıymasamif I don't sharpen | senqıymasaŋif you don't sharpen | olqıymasaif he doesn't sharpen | bizqıymasaqif we don't sharpen | sizqıymasağızif you all don't sharpen | alaqıymasalaif they don't sharpen |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqıya esemif I am sharpening | senqıya eseŋif you are sharpening | olqıya eseif he is sharpening | bizqıya esekif we are sharpening | sizqıya esegizif you all are sharpening | alaqıya eseleif they are sharpening |
| Conditional, present real | menqıymay esemif I am not sharpening | senqıymay eseŋif you are not sharpening | olqıymay eseif he is not sharpening | bizqıymay esekif we are not sharpening | sizqıymay esegizif you all are not sharpening | alaqıymay eseleif they are not sharpening |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqıysam ediqıysam edif only I sharpened | senqıysaŋ ediqıysaŋ edif only you sharpened | olqıysa ediqıysaedif only he sharpened | bizqıysaq ediqıysaq edif only we sharpened | sizqıysağız ediqıysağız edif only you all sharpened | alaqıysala ediqıysalaedif only they sharpened |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqıymasam ediqıymasam edif only I didn't sharpen | senqıymasaŋ ediqıymasaŋ edif only you didn't sharpen | olqıymasa ediqıymasaedif only he didn't sharpen | bizqıymasaq ediqıymasaq edif only we didn't sharpen | sizqıymasağız ediqıymasağız edif only you all didn't sharpen | alaqıymasala ediqıymasalaedif only they didn't sharpen |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqıyıb tursamif I carry on sharpening | senqıyıb tursaŋif you carry on sharpening | olqıyıb tursaif he carries on sharpening | bizqıyıb tursaqif we carry on sharpening | sizqıyıb tursağızif you all carry on sharpening | alaqıyıb tursalaif they carry on sharpening |
| Durative conditional | menqıyıb turmasamif I don't carry on sharpening | senqıyıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on sharpening | olqıyıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on sharpening | bizqıyıb turmasaqif we don't carry on sharpening | sizqıyıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on sharpening | alaqıyıb turmasalaif they don't carry on sharpening |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqıyıb tura esemif I have kept sharpening | senqıyıb tura eseŋif you have kept sharpening | olqıyıb tura eseif he has kept sharpening | bizqıyıb tura esekif we have kept sharpening | sizqıyıb tura esegizif you all have kept sharpening | alaqıyıb tura eseleif they have kept sharpening |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqıyıb turmay esemif I haven't kept sharpening | senqıyıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept sharpening | olqıyıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept sharpening | bizqıyıb turmay esekif we haven't kept sharpening | sizqıyıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept sharpening | alaqıyıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept sharpening |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqıya tursamif I keep sharpening | senqıya tursaŋif you keep sharpening | olqıya tursaif he keeps sharpening | bizqıya tursaqif we keep sharpening | sizqıya tursağızif you all keep sharpening | alaqıya tursalaif they keep sharpening |
| Progressive conditional | menqıymay tursamif I keep on not sharpening | senqıymay tursaŋif you keep on not sharpening | olqıymay tursaif he keeps on not sharpening | bizqıymay tursaqif we keep on not sharpening | sizqıymay tursağızif you all keep on not sharpening | alaqıymay tursalaif they keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqıya tura esemif I am in the middle of sharpening | senqıya tura eseŋif you are in the middle of sharpening | olqıya tura eseif he is in the middle of sharpening | bizqıya tura esekif we are in the middle of sharpening | sizqıya tura esegizif you all are in the middle of sharpening | alaqıya tura eseleif they are in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqıymay tura esemif I keep on not sharpening | senqıymay tura eseŋif you keep on not sharpening | olqıymay tura eseif he keeps on not sharpening | bizqıymay tura esekif we keep on not sharpening | sizqıymay tura esegizif you all keep on not sharpening | alaqıymay tura eseleif they keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqıydım esemif I sharpened | senqıydıŋ eseŋif you sharpened | olqıydı eseif he sharpened | bizqıydıq esekif we sharpened | sizqıydığız esegizif you all sharpened | alaqıydıla eseleif they sharpened |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqıymadım esemif I didn't sharpen | senqıymadıŋ eseŋif you didn't sharpen | olqıymadı eseif he didn't sharpen | bizqıymadıq esekif we didn't sharpen | sizqıymadığız esegizif you all didn't sharpen | alaqıymadıla eseleif they didn't sharpen |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqıyğan esemif I did sharpen (indeed) | senqıyğan eseŋif you did sharpen (indeed) | olqıyğan eseif he did sharpen (indeed) | bizqıyğan esekif we did sharpen (indeed) | sizqıyğan esegizif you all did sharpen (indeed) | alaqıyğan eseleif they did sharpen (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqıymağan esemif I didn't sharpen (indeed) | senqıymağan eseŋif you didn't sharpen (indeed) | olqıymağan eseif he didn't sharpen (indeed) | bizqıymağan esekif we didn't sharpen (indeed) | sizqıymağan esegizif you all didn't sharpen (indeed) | alaqıymağan eseleif they didn't sharpen (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqıyğan bolsamif I had sharpened | senqıyğan bolsaŋif you had sharpened | olqıyğan bolsaif he had sharpened | bizqıyğan bolsaqif we had sharpened | sizqıyğan bolsağızif you all had sharpened | alaqıyğan bolsalaif they had sharpened |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqıymağan bolsamif I hadn't sharpened | senqıymağan bolsaŋif you hadn't sharpened | olqıymağan bolsaif he hadn't sharpened | bizqıymağan bolsaqif we hadn't sharpened | sizqıymağan bolsağızif you all hadn't sharpened | alaqıymağan bolsalaif they hadn't sharpened |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqıyğan bolsam ediqıyğan bolsam edif only I had sharpened | senqıyğan bolsaŋ ediqıyğan bolsaŋ edif only you had sharpened | olqıyğan bolsa ediqıyğan bolsaedif only he had sharpened | bizqıyğan bolsaq ediqıyğan bolsaq edif only we had sharpened | sizqıyğan bolsağız ediqıyğan bolsağız edif only you all had sharpened | alaqıyğan bolsala ediqıyğan bolsalaedif only they had sharpened |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqıymağan bolsam ediqıymağan bolsam edif only I hadn't sharpened | senqıymağan bolsaŋ ediqıymağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't sharpened | olqıymağan bolsa ediqıymağan bolsaedif only he hadn't sharpened | bizqıymağan bolsaq ediqıymağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't sharpened | sizqıymağan bolsağız ediqıymağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't sharpened | alaqıymağan bolsala ediqıymağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't sharpened |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqıyır esemif I will sharpen | senqıyır eseŋif you will sharpen | olqıyır eseif he will sharpen | bizqıyır esekif we will sharpen | sizqıyır esegizif you all will sharpen | alaqıyır eseleif they will sharpen |
| Conditional, aorist | menqıymaz esemif I won't sharpen | senqıymaz eseŋif you won't sharpen | olqıymaz eseif he won't sharpen | bizqıymaz esekif we won't sharpen | sizqıymaz esegizif you all won't sharpen | alaqıymaz eseleif they won't sharpen |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqıyırıq esemif I am going to sharpen | senqıyırıq eseŋif you are going to sharpen | olqıyırıq eseif he is going to sharpen | bizqıyırıq esekif we are going to sharpen | sizqıyırıq esegizif you all are going to sharpen | alaqıyırıq eseleif they are going to sharpen |
| Conditional, future | menqıyırıq tül esemif I am not going to sharpen | senqıyırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to sharpen | olqıyırıq tül eseif he is not going to sharpen | bizqıyırıq tül esekif we are not going to sharpen | sizqıyırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to sharpen | alaqıyırıq tül eseleif they are not going to sharpen |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqıyırıq bolsamif I were going to sharpen | senqıyırıq bolsaŋif you were going to sharpen | olqıyırıq bolsaif he were going to sharpen | bizqıyırıq bolsaqif we were going to sharpen | sizqıyırıq bolsağızif you all were going to sharpen | alaqıyırıq bolsalaif they were going to sharpen |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqıymazlıq bolsamif I were not going to sharpen | senqıymazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to sharpen | olqıymazlıq bolsaif he were not going to sharpen | bizqıymazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to sharpen | sizqıymazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to sharpen | alaqıymazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to sharpen |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qıydıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqıya bolurmaI must be sharpening | senqıya bolursayou must be sharpening | olqıya bolurhe must be sharpening | bizqıya bolurbuzwe must be sharpening | sizqıya bolursuzyou all must be sharpening | alaqıya bolurlathey must be sharpening |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqıymay bolurmaI must not be sharpening | senqıymay bolursayou must not be sharpening | olqıymay bolurhe must not be sharpening | bizqıymay bolurbuzwe must not be sharpening | sizqıymay bolursuzyou all must not be sharpening | alaqıymay bolurlathey must not be sharpening |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqıya tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of sharpening | senqıya tura bolursayou must be in the middle of sharpening | olqıya tura bolurhe must be in the middle of sharpening | bizqıya tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of sharpening | sizqıya tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of sharpening | alaqıya tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of sharpening |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqıymay tura bolurmaI must keep on not sharpening | senqıymay tura bolursayou must keep on not sharpening | olqıymay tura bolurhe must keep on not sharpening | bizqıymay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not sharpening | sizqıymay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not sharpening | alaqıymay tura bolurlathey must keep on not sharpening |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqıyğan bolurmaI must have sharpened | senqıyğan bolursayou must have sharpened | olqıyğan bolurhe must have sharpened | bizqıyğan bolurbuzwe must have sharpened | sizqıyğan bolursuzyou all must have sharpened | alaqıyğan bolurlathey must have sharpened |
| Inference (must have) | menqıymağan bolurmaI must not have sharpened | senqıymağan bolursayou must not have sharpened | olqıymağan bolurhe must not have sharpened | bizqıymağan bolurbuzwe must not have sharpened | sizqıymağan bolursuzyou all must not have sharpened | alaqıymağan bolurlathey must not have sharpened |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqıyırıq bolurmaI must be going to sharpen | senqıyırıq bolursayou must be going to sharpen | olqıyırıq bolurhe must be going to sharpen | bizqıyırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to sharpen | sizqıyırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to sharpen | alaqıyırıq bolurlathey must be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqıymazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to sharpen | senqıymazlıq bolursayou must not be going to sharpen | olqıymazlıq bolurhe must not be going to sharpen | bizqıymazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to sharpen | sizqıymazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to sharpen | alaqıymazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqıyayımlet me sharpen | senqıy!sharpen! | olqıysınlet him sharpen | bizqıyayıqlet's sharpen | sizqıyığız!sharpen, you all! | alaqıysınlalet them sharpen |
| Commands & suggestions | menqıymayımlet me not sharpen | senqıyma!don't sharpen! | olqıymasınlet him not sharpen | bizqıymayıqlet's not sharpen | sizqıymağız!don't sharpen, you all! | alaqıymasınlalet them not sharpen |
| Commands & suggestions | menqıyayımmı?shall I sharpen? | olqıysınmı?should he sharpen? | bizqıyayıqmı?shall we sharpen? | alaqıysınlamı?should they sharpen? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqıymayımmı?shall I not sharpen? | olqıymasınmı?should he not sharpen? | bizqıymayıqmı?shall we not sharpen? | alaqıymasınlamı?should they not sharpen? | ||
| Requests | senqıyçı2qıyçınplease sharpen | olqıysınçıdo let him sharpen | sizqıyçığızplease sharpen (plural/polite) | alaqıysınlaçıdo let them sharpen | ||
| Requests | senqıymaçı2qıymaçınplease don't sharpen | olqıymasınçıdo let him not sharpen | sizqıymaçığızplease don't sharpen (plural/polite) | alaqıymasınlaçıdo let them not sharpen | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqıyğınqıyğımay you sharpen | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqıymağınqıymağımay you not sharpen | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqıyğay edim qıyğa edimwould that I sharpened | senqıyğay ediŋ qıyğa ediŋwould that you sharpened | olqıyğay edi qıyğa ediwould that he sharpened | bizqıyğay edik qıyğa edikwould that we sharpened | sizqıyğay edigiz qıyğa edigizwould that you all sharpened | alaqıyğay edile qıyğa edilewould that they sharpened |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqıymağay edim qıymağa edimwould that I did not sharpen | senqıymağay ediŋ qıymağa ediŋwould that you did not sharpen | olqıymağay edi qıymağa ediwould that he did not sharpen | bizqıymağay edik qıymağa edikwould that we did not sharpen | sizqıymağay edigiz qıymağa edigizwould that you all did not sharpen | alaqıymağay edile qıymağa edilewould that they did not sharpen |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıymağa qoyayımqıyma qoyayımlet me allow someone to sharpen | senqıymağa qoy!qıyma qoy!let someone sharpen! | olqıymağa qoysunqıyma qoysunlet him allow someone to sharpen | bizqıymağa qoyayıqqıyma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to sharpen | sizqıymağa qoyuğuz!qıyma qoyuğuz!let someone sharpen, you all! | alaqıymağa qoysunlaqıyma qoysunlalet them allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıymağa qoymayımqıyma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to sharpen | senqıymağa qoyma!qıyma qoyma!don't let someone sharpen! | olqıymağa qoymasınqıyma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to sharpen | bizqıymağa qoymayıqqıyma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to sharpen | sizqıymağa qoymağız!qıyma qoymağız!don't let someone sharpen, you all! | alaqıymağa qoymasınlaqıyma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıymağa qoyayımmı?qıyma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to sharpen? | olqıymağa qoysunmu?qıyma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to sharpen? | bizqıymağa qoyayıqmı?qıyma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to sharpen? | alaqıymağa qoysunlamı?qıyma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to sharpen? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıymağa qoymayımmı?qıyma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to sharpen? | olqıymağa qoymasınmı?qıyma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to sharpen? | bizqıymağa qoymayıqmı?qıyma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to sharpen? | alaqıymağa qoymasınlamı?qıyma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to sharpen? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqıymağa qoyamaqıyma qoyamaI allow someone to sharpen | senqıymağa qoyasaqıyma qoyasayou allow someone to sharpen | olqıymağa qoyadıqıyma qoyadıhe allows someone to sharpen | bizqıymağa qoyabızqıyma qoyabızwe allow someone to sharpen | sizqıymağa qoyasızqıyma qoyasızyou all allow someone to sharpen | alaqıymağa qoyadılaqıyma qoyadılathey allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıymağa qoymaymaqıyma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to sharpen | senqıymağa qoymaysaqıyma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to sharpen | olqıymağa qoymaydıqıyma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to sharpen | bizqıymağa qoymaybızqıyma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to sharpen | sizqıymağa qoymaysızqıyma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to sharpen | alaqıymağa qoymaydılaqıyma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıymağa qoyamamı?qıyma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to sharpen? | senqıymağa qoyamısa?qıyma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to sharpen? | olqıymağa qoyamıdı?qıyma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to sharpen? | bizqıymağa qoyabızmı?qıyma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to sharpen? | sizqıymağa qoyamısız?qıyma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to sharpen? | alaqıymağa qoyamıdıla?qıyma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıymağa qoymaymamı?qıyma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to sharpen? | senqıymağa qoymaymısa?qıyma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to sharpen? | olqıymağa qoymaymıdı?qıyma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to sharpen? | bizqıymağa qoymaybızmı?qıyma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to sharpen? | sizqıymağa qoymaymısız?qıyma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to sharpen? | alaqıymağa qoymaymıdıla?qıyma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıymağa qoydumqıyma qoydumI allowed someone to sharpen | senqıymağa qoyduŋqıyma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to sharpen | olqıymağa qoyduqıyma qoyduhe allowed someone to sharpen | bizqıymağa qoyduqqıyma qoyduqwe allowed someone to sharpen | sizqıymağa qoyduğuzqıyma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to sharpen | alaqıymağa qoydulaqıyma qoydulathey allowed someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıymağa qoymadımqıyma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to sharpen | senqıymağa qoymadıŋqıyma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to sharpen | olqıymağa qoymadıqıyma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to sharpen | bizqıymağa qoymadıqqıyma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to sharpen | sizqıymağa qoymadığızqıyma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to sharpen | alaqıymağa qoymadılaqıyma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıymağa qoydummu?qıyma qoydummu?did I allow someone to sharpen? | senqıymağa qoyduŋmu?qıyma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to sharpen? | olqıymağa qoydumu?qıyma qoydumu?did he allow someone to sharpen? | bizqıymağa qoyduqmu?qıyma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to sharpen? | sizqıymağa qoyduğuzmu?qıyma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to sharpen? | alaqıymağa qoydulamı?qıyma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıymağa qoymadımmı?qıyma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to sharpen? | senqıymağa qoymadıŋmı?qıyma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to sharpen? | olqıymağa qoymadımı?qıyma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to sharpen? | bizqıymağa qoymadıqmı?qıyma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to sharpen? | sizqıymağa qoymadığızmı?qıyma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to sharpen? | alaqıymağa qoymadılamı?qıyma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to sharpen? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqıyalamaI can sharpen | senqıyalasayou can sharpen | olqıyaladıhe can sharpen | bizqıyalabızwe can sharpen | sizqıyalasızyou all can sharpen | alaqıyaladılathey can sharpen |
| Ability — present | menqıyalmaymaI can't sharpen | senqıyalmaysayou can't sharpen | olqıyalmaydıhe can't sharpen | bizqıyalmaybızwe can't sharpen | sizqıyalmaysızyou all can't sharpen | alaqıyalmaydılathey can't sharpen |
| Ability — present | menqıyalamamı? qıyalamıma?can I sharpen? | senqıyalamısa?can you sharpen? | olqıyalamıdı?can he sharpen? | bizqıyalabızmı? qıyalamıbız?can we sharpen? | sizqıyalamısız?can you all sharpen? | alaqıyalamıdıla?can they sharpen? |
| Ability — present | menqıyalmaymamı? qıyalmaymıma?can't I sharpen? | senqıyalmaymısa?can't you sharpen? | olqıyalmaymıdı?can't he sharpen? | bizqıyalmaybızmı? qıyalmaymıbız?can't we sharpen? | sizqıyalmaymısız?can't you all sharpen? | alaqıyalmaymıdıla?can't they sharpen? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqıyalsamif I can sharpen | senqıyalsaŋif you can sharpen | olqıyalsaif he can sharpen | bizqıyalsaqif we can sharpen | sizqıyalsağızif you all can sharpen | alaqıyalsalaif they can sharpen |
| Ability — if I can… | menqıyalmasamif I can't sharpen | senqıyalmasaŋif you can't sharpen | olqıyalmasaif he can't sharpen | bizqıyalmasaqif we can't sharpen | sizqıyalmasağızif you all can't sharpen | alaqıyalmasalaif they can't sharpen |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqıyaldımI was able to sharpen | senqıyaldıŋyou were able to sharpen | olqıyaldıhe was able to sharpen | bizqıyaldıqwe were able to sharpen | sizqıyaldığızyou all were able to sharpen | alaqıyaldılathey were able to sharpen |
| Ability — simple past | menqıyalmadımI could not sharpen | senqıyalmadıŋyou could not sharpen | olqıyalmadıhe could not sharpen | bizqıyalmadıqwe could not sharpen | sizqıyalmadığızyou all could not sharpen | alaqıyalmadılathey could not sharpen |
| Ability — simple past | menqıyaldımmı?was I able to sharpen? | senqıyaldıŋmı?were you able to sharpen? | olqıyaldımı?was he able to sharpen? | bizqıyaldıqmı?were we able to sharpen? | sizqıyaldığızmı?were you all able to sharpen? | alaqıyaldılamı?were they able to sharpen? |
| Ability — simple past | menqıyalmadımmı?couldn't I sharpen? | senqıyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you sharpen? | olqıyalmadımı?couldn't he sharpen? | bizqıyalmadıqmı?couldn't we sharpen? | sizqıyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all sharpen? | alaqıyalmadılamı?couldn't they sharpen? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıyalğanmaI have been able to sharpen | senqıyalğansayou have been able to sharpen | olqıyalğandıhe has been able to sharpen | bizqıyalğanbızwe have been able to sharpen | sizqıyalğansızyou all have been able to sharpen | alaqıyalğandılathey have been able to sharpen |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıyalmağanmaI haven't been able to sharpen | senqıyalmağansayou haven't been able to sharpen | olqıyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to sharpen | bizqıyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to sharpen | sizqıyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to sharpen | alaqıyalmağandılathey haven't been able to sharpen |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıyalğanmamı? qıyalğanmıma?have I been able to sharpen? | senqıyalğanmısa?have you been able to sharpen? | olqıyalğanmıdı?has he been able to sharpen? | bizqıyalğanbızmı? qıyalğanmıbız?have we been able to sharpen? | sizqıyalğanmısız?have you all been able to sharpen? | alaqıyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to sharpen? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıyalmağanmamı? qıyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to sharpen? | senqıyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to sharpen? | olqıyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to sharpen? | bizqıyalmağanbızmı? qıyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to sharpen? | sizqıyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to sharpen? | alaqıyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to sharpen? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqıyalğan edimqıyalğanemI had been able to sharpen | senqıyalğan ediŋqıyalğaneŋyou had been able to sharpen | olqıyalğan ediqıyalğanedhe had been able to sharpen | bizqıyalğan edikqıyalğanekwe had been able to sharpen | sizqıyalğan edigizqıyalğanegizyou all had been able to sharpen | alaqıyalğan edileqıyalğanellethey had been able to sharpen |
| Ability — past perfect | menqıyalmağan edimqıyalmağanemI hadn't been able to sharpen | senqıyalmağan ediŋqıyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to sharpen | olqıyalmağan ediqıyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to sharpen | bizqıyalmağan edikqıyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to sharpen | sizqıyalmağan edigizqıyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to sharpen | alaqıyalmağan edileqıyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to sharpen |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqıyala edimqıyalaemI could sharpen | senqıyala ediŋqıyalaeŋyou could sharpen | olqıyala ediqıyalaedhe could sharpen | bizqıyala edikqıyalaekwe could sharpen | sizqıyala edigizqıyalaegizyou all could sharpen | alaqıyala edileqıyalaellethey could sharpen |
| Ability — past background | menqıyalmay edimqıyalmayemI could not sharpen | senqıyalmay ediŋqıyalmayeŋyou could not sharpen | olqıyalmay ediqıyalmayedhe could not sharpen | bizqıyalmay edikqıyalmayekwe could not sharpen | sizqıyalmay edigizqıyalmayegizyou all could not sharpen | alaqıyalmay edileqıyalmayellethey could not sharpen |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqıyalırmaI will be able to sharpen | senqıyalırsayou will be able to sharpen | olqıyalırhe will be able to sharpen | bizqıyalırbızwe will be able to sharpen | sizqıyalırsızyou all will be able to sharpen | alaqıyalırlathey will be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future I | menqıyalmazmaI won't be able to sharpen | senqıyalmazsayou won't be able to sharpen | olqıyalmazhe won't be able to sharpen | bizqıyalmazbızwe won't be able to sharpen | sizqıyalmazsızyou all won't be able to sharpen | alaqıyalmazlathey won't be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future I | menqıyalırmamı? qıyalırmıma?will I be able to sharpen? | senqıyalırmısa?will you be able to sharpen? | olqıyalırmı?will he be able to sharpen? | bizqıyalırbızmı? qıyalırmıbız?will we be able to sharpen? | sizqıyalırmısız?will you all be able to sharpen? | alaqıyalırlamı? qıyalırmıla?will they be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future I | menqıyalmazmamı? qıyalmazmıma?won't I be able to sharpen? | senqıyalmazmısa?won't you be able to sharpen? | olqıyalmazmı?won't he be able to sharpen? | bizqıyalmazbızmı? qıyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to sharpen? | sizqıyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to sharpen? | alaqıyalmazlamı? qıyalmazmıla?won't they be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future II | menqıyallıqmaI am going to be able to sharpen | senqıyallıqsayou are going to be able to sharpen | olqıyallıqdıhe is going to be able to sharpen | bizqıyallıqbızwe are going to be able to sharpen | sizqıyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to sharpen | alaqıyallıqdılathey are going to be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future II | menqıyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to sharpen | senqıyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to sharpen | olqıyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to sharpen | bizqıyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to sharpen | sizqıyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to sharpen | alaqıyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future II | menqıyallıqmamı? qıyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to sharpen? | senqıyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to sharpen? | olqıyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to sharpen? | bizqıyallıqbızmı? qıyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to sharpen? | sizqıyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to sharpen? | alaqıyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future II | menqıyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to sharpen? | senqıyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to sharpen? | olqıyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to sharpen? | bizqıyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to sharpen? | sizqıyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to sharpen? | alaqıyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqıyalır edimqıyalır emI would be able to sharpen | senqıyalır ediŋqıyalır eŋyou would be able to sharpen | olqıyalır ediqıyalır edhe would be able to sharpen | bizqıyalır edikqıyalır ekwe would be able to sharpen | sizqıyalır edigizqıyalır egizyou all would be able to sharpen | alaqıyalır edileqıyalır ellethey would be able to sharpen |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqıyalmaz edimqıyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to sharpen | senqıyalmaz ediŋqıyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to sharpen | olqıyalmaz ediqıyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to sharpen | bizqıyalmaz edikqıyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to sharpen | sizqıyalmaz edigizqıyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to sharpen | alaqıyalmaz edileqıyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to sharpen |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqıyalğınqıyalğımay you be able to sharpen | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqıyalmağınqıyalmağımay you not be able to sharpen | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqıyırğa izleymeI want to sharpen | senqıyırğa izleyseyou want to sharpen | olqıyırğa izleydihe wants to sharpen | bizqıyırğa izleybizwe want to sharpen | sizqıyırğa izleysizyou all want to sharpen | alaqıyırğa izleydilethey want to sharpen |
| want to | menqıyırğa izlemeymeI do not want to sharpen | senqıyırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to sharpen | olqıyırğa izlemeydihe does not want to sharpen | bizqıyırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to sharpen | sizqıyırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to sharpen | alaqıyırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to sharpen |
| would like to | menqıyırğa süemeI would like to sharpen | senqıyırğa süeseyou would like to sharpen | olqıyırğa süedihe would like to sharpen | bizqıyırğa süebizwe would like to sharpen | sizqıyırğa süesizyou all would like to sharpen | alaqıyırğa süedilethey would like to sharpen |
| would like to | menqıyırğa süymeymeI would not like to sharpen | senqıyırğa süymeyseyou would not like to sharpen | olqıyırğa süymeydihe would not like to sharpen | bizqıyırğa süymeybizwe would not like to sharpen | sizqıyırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to sharpen | alaqıyırğa süymeydilethey would not like to sharpen |
| hope to | menqıyırğa umutlanamaI hope to sharpen | senqıyırğa umutlanasayou hope to sharpen | olqıyırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to sharpen | bizqıyırğa umutlanabızwe hope to sharpen | sizqıyırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to sharpen | alaqıyırğa umutlanadılathey hope to sharpen |
| hope to | menqıyırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to sharpen | senqıyırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to sharpen | olqıyırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to sharpen | bizqıyırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to sharpen | sizqıyırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to sharpen | alaqıyırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to sharpen |
| be about to | menqıyırğa deb turamaI am about to sharpen | senqıyırğa deb turasayou are about to sharpen | olqıyırğa deb turadıhe is about to sharpen | bizqıyırğa deb turabızwe are about to sharpen | sizqıyırğa deb turasızyou all are about to sharpen | alaqıyırğa deb turadılathey are about to sharpen |
| be about to | menqıyırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to sharpen | senqıyırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to sharpen | olqıyırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to sharpen | bizqıyırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to sharpen | sizqıyırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to sharpen | alaqıyırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to sharpen |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqıyırğa kerekmeI need to sharpen | senqıyırğa kerekseyou need to sharpen | olqıyırğa kerekdihe needs to sharpen | bizqıyırğa kerekbizwe need to sharpen | sizqıyırğa kereksizyou all need to sharpen | alaqıyırğa kerekdilethey need to sharpen |
| need to | menqıyırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to sharpen | senqıyırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to sharpen | olqıyırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to sharpen | bizqıyırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to sharpen | sizqıyırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to sharpen | alaqıyırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to sharpen |
| have to | menmenŋe qıyırğa tüşediI have to sharpen | sensenŋe qıyırğa tüşediyou have to sharpen | olaŋa qıyırğa tüşedihe has to sharpen | bizbizge qıyırğa tüşediwe have to sharpen | sizsizge qıyırğa tüşediyou all have to sharpen | alaalağa qıyırğa tüşedithey have to sharpen |
| have to | menmenŋe qıyırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to sharpen | sensenŋe qıyırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to sharpen | olaŋa qıyırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to sharpen | bizbizge qıyırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to sharpen | sizsizge qıyırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to sharpen | alaalağa qıyırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to sharpen |
| be obliged to | menqıyırğa borçlumaI am obliged to sharpen | senqıyırğa borçlusayou are obliged to sharpen | olqıyırğa borçluduhe is obliged to sharpen | bizqıyırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to sharpen | sizqıyırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to sharpen | alaqıyırğa borçludulathey are obliged to sharpen |
| be obliged to | menqıyırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to sharpen | senqıyırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to sharpen | olqıyırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to sharpen | bizqıyırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to sharpen | sizqıyırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to sharpen | alaqıyırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to sharpen |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqıyırğa madarım bardıI have a way to sharpen | senqıyırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to sharpen | olqıyırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to sharpen | bizqıyırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to sharpen | sizqıyırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to sharpen | alaqıyırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to sharpen |
| have a way to | menqıyırğa madarım joqduI have no way to sharpen | senqıyırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to sharpen | olqıyırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to sharpen | bizqıyırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to sharpen | sizqıyırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to sharpen | alaqıyırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to sharpen |
| be free to | menqıyırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to sharpen | senqıyırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to sharpen | olqıyırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to sharpen | bizqıyırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to sharpen | sizqıyırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to sharpen | alaqıyırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to sharpen |
| be free to | menqıyırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to sharpen | senqıyırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to sharpen | olqıyırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to sharpen | bizqıyırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to sharpen | sizqıyırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to sharpen | alaqıyırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to sharpen |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qıyırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to sharpen | sensenŋe qıyırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to sharpen | olaŋa qıyırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to sharpen | bizbizge qıyırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to sharpen | sizsizge qıyırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to sharpen | alaalağa qıyırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to sharpen |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qıyırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to sharpen | sensenŋe qıyırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to sharpen | olaŋa qıyırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to sharpen | bizbizge qıyırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to sharpen | sizsizge qıyırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to sharpen | alaalağa qıyırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to sharpen |
| be ready to | menqıyırğa hazırmaI am ready to sharpen | senqıyırğa hazırsayou are ready to sharpen | olqıyırğa hazırdıhe is ready to sharpen | bizqıyırğa hazırbızwe are ready to sharpen | sizqıyırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to sharpen | alaqıyırğa hazırdılathey are ready to sharpen |
| be ready to | menqıyırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to sharpen | senqıyırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to sharpen | olqıyırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to sharpen | bizqıyırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to sharpen | sizqıyırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to sharpen | alaqıyırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to sharpen |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqıyırğa küreşemeI am trying to sharpen | senqıyırğa küreşeseyou are trying to sharpen | olqıyırğa küreşedihe is trying to sharpen | bizqıyırğa küreşebizwe are trying to sharpen | sizqıyırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to sharpen | alaqıyırğa küreşedilethey are trying to sharpen |
| try to | menqıyırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to sharpen | senqıyırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to sharpen | olqıyırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to sharpen | bizqıyırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to sharpen | sizqıyırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to sharpen | alaqıyırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to sharpen |
| agree to | menqıyırğa unaymaI agree to sharpen | senqıyırğa unaysayou agree to sharpen | olqıyırğa unaydıhe agrees to sharpen | bizqıyırğa unaybızwe agree to sharpen | sizqıyırğa unaysızyou all agree to sharpen | alaqıyırğa unaydılathey agree to sharpen |
| agree to | menqıyırğa unamaymaI refuse to sharpen | senqıyırğa unamaysayou refuse to sharpen | olqıyırğa unamaydıhe refuses to sharpen | bizqıyırğa unamaybızwe refuse to sharpen | sizqıyırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to sharpen | alaqıyırğa unamaydılathey refuse to sharpen |
| hurry to | menqıyırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to sharpen | senqıyırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to sharpen | olqıyırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to sharpen | bizqıyırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to sharpen | sizqıyırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to sharpen | alaqıyırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to sharpen |
| hurry to | menqıyırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to sharpen | senqıyırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to sharpen | olqıyırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to sharpen | bizqıyırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to sharpen | sizqıyırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to sharpen | alaqıyırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to sharpen |
| be afraid to | menqıyırğa qorqamaI am afraid to sharpen | senqıyırğa qorqasayou are afraid to sharpen | olqıyırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to sharpen | bizqıyırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to sharpen | sizqıyırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to sharpen | alaqıyırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to sharpen |
| be afraid to | menqıyırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to sharpen | senqıyırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to sharpen | olqıyırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to sharpen | bizqıyırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to sharpen | sizqıyırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to sharpen | alaqıyırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to sharpen |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqıya bolmazmaI can't be sharpening | senqıya bolmazsayou can't be sharpening | olqıya bolmazhe can't be sharpening | bizqıya bolmazbızwe can't be sharpening | sizqıya bolmazsızyou all can't be sharpening | alaqıya bolmazlathey can't be sharpening |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqıymay bolmazmaI must be sharpening (emphatic) | senqıymay bolmazsayou must be sharpening (emphatic) | olqıymay bolmazhe must be sharpening (emphatic) | bizqıymay bolmazbızwe must be sharpening (emphatic) | sizqıymay bolmazsızyou all must be sharpening (emphatic) | alaqıymay bolmazlathey must be sharpening (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqıya turmasamif I don't keep sharpening | senqıya turmasaŋif you don't keep sharpening | olqıya turmasaif he doesn't keep sharpening | bizqıya turmasaqif we don't keep sharpening | sizqıya turmasağızif you all don't keep sharpening | alaqıya turmasalaif they don't keep sharpening |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqıya tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of sharpening | senqıya tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of sharpening | olqıya tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of sharpening | bizqıya tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of sharpening | sizqıya tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of sharpening | alaqıya tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of sharpening |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqıymay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | senqıymay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | olqıymay tura bolmazhe must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | bizqıymay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | sizqıymay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | alaqıymay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqıymay turamaI keep on not sharpening | senqıymay turasayou keep on not sharpening | olqıymay turadıhe keeps on not sharpening | bizqıymay turabızwe keep on not sharpening | sizqıymay turasızyou all keep on not sharpening | alaqıymay turadılathey keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive — double negation | menqıymay turmaymaI am not keeping on not sharpening | senqıymay turmaysayou are not keeping on not sharpening | olqıymay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not sharpening | bizqıymay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not sharpening | sizqıymay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not sharpening | alaqıymay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not sharpening |
| Progressive — double negation | menqıymay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not sharpening? | senqıymay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not sharpening? | olqıymay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not sharpening? | bizqıymay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not sharpening? | sizqıymay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not sharpening? | alaqıymay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not sharpening? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqıyğan bolmazmaI can't have sharpened | senqıyğan bolmazsayou can't have sharpened | olqıyğan bolmazhe can't have sharpened | bizqıyğan bolmazbızwe can't have sharpened | sizqıyğan bolmazsızyou all can't have sharpened | alaqıyğan bolmazlathey can't have sharpened |
| Inference — double negation | menqıymağan bolmazmaI must have sharpened (emphatic) | senqıymağan bolmazsayou must have sharpened (emphatic) | olqıymağan bolmazhe must have sharpened (emphatic) | bizqıymağan bolmazbızwe must have sharpened (emphatic) | sizqıymağan bolmazsızyou all must have sharpened (emphatic) | alaqıymağan bolmazlathey must have sharpened (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqıyğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had sharpened | senqıyğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had sharpened | olqıyğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had sharpened | bizqıyğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had sharpened | sizqıyğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had sharpened | alaqıyğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had sharpened |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqıymağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't sharpened | senqıymağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't sharpened | olqıymağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't sharpened | bizqıymağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't sharpened | sizqıymağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't sharpened | alaqıymağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't sharpened |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqıyırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to sharpen | senqıyırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to sharpen | olqıyırıq bolmazhe can't be going to sharpen | bizqıyırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to sharpen | sizqıyırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to sharpen | alaqıyırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqıymazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | senqıymazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | olqıymazlıq bolmazhe must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | bizqıymazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | sizqıymazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | alaqıymazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to sharpen (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqıyırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to sharpen | senqıyırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to sharpen | olqıyırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to sharpen | bizqıyırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to sharpen | sizqıyırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to sharpen | alaqıyırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to sharpen |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqıymazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to sharpen | senqıymazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to sharpen | olqıymazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to sharpen | bizqıymazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to sharpen | sizqıymazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to sharpen | alaqıymazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to sharpen |