ozuw
/ozuw/ · plural ozuwla
1. overtaking, getting ahead; surpassing, winning — Used of getting ahead of someone at work (işde ozuw), winning a competition, overtaking in a race, and beating a record.
- işde ozuw — getting ahead at work
- çarişde ozuw — overtaking in a race
- erişiwde ozuw — winning in a competition
- oquwda ozuw — getting ahead in studies
2. passing by, going past (a place or person) — For example Moskva bla ozuw means traveling through Moscow. It is also used of columns passing each other.
- Moskva bla ozuw — passing through Moscow
- el bla ozuw — passing through the village
- üynü qatı bla ozuw — passing by the house
3. exceeding a limit, overdoing something — Most often heard in mardadan ozuw 'going beyond the limit'.
- mardadan ozuw — going beyond the limit
- mardadan ozuw aşhı tüldü — going beyond the limit is not good
- aşda mardadan ozuw — overdoing it with food
4. passing of time, lapse of time; loss of time — zamannı ozuw means the passing of time. It is also used of a term running out.
- zamannı ozuw — the passing of time
- jıllanı ozuw — the passing of the years
- künleni ozuw — the passing of the days
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ozuwthe overtaking | ozuwummy overtaking | ozuwuŋyour overtaking | ozuwuhis overtaking | ozuwubuzour overtaking | ozuwuğuzyou all's overtaking | ozuwlarıtheir overtakings |
| Genitive | ozuwnuthe overtaking's | ozuwumumy overtaking's | ozuwuŋuyour overtaking's | ozuwunuhis overtaking's | ozuwubuznuour overtaking's | ozuwuğuznuyou all's overtaking's | ozuwlarınıtheir overtakings' |
| Accusative | ozuwnuthe overtaking (as the object) | ozuwumumy overtaking (as the object) | ozuwuŋuyour overtaking (as the object) | ozuwunhis overtaking (as the object) | ozuwubuznuour overtaking (as the object) | ozuwuğuznuyou all's overtaking (as the object) | ozuwlarıntheir overtakings (as the object) |
| Dative | ozuwğato the overtaking | ozuwumato my overtaking | ozuwuŋato your overtaking | ozuwunato his overtaking | ozuwubuzğato our overtaking | ozuwuğuzğato you all's overtaking | ozuwlarınato their overtakings |
| Locative | ozuwdain / at the overtaking | ozuwumdain / at my overtaking | ozuwuŋdain / at your overtaking | ozuwundain / at his overtaking | ozuwubuzdain / at our overtaking | ozuwuğuzdain / at you all's overtaking | ozuwlarındain / at their overtakings |
| Ablative | ozuwdanfrom the overtaking | ozuwumdanfrom my overtaking | ozuwuŋdanfrom your overtaking | ozuwundanfrom his overtaking | ozuwubuzdanfrom our overtaking | ozuwuğuzdanfrom you all's overtaking | ozuwlarındanfrom their overtakings |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ozuwlathe overtakings | ozuwlarımmy overtakings | ozuwlarıŋyour overtakings | ozuwlarıhis overtakings | ozuwlarıbızour overtakings | ozuwlarığızyou all's overtakings | ozuwlarıtheir overtakings |
| Genitive | ozuwlanıthe overtakings' | ozuwlarımımy overtakings' | ozuwlarıŋıyour overtakings' | ozuwlarınıhis overtakings' | ozuwlarıbıznıour overtakings' | ozuwlarığıznıyou all's overtakings' | ozuwlarınıtheir overtakings' |
| Accusative | ozuwlanıthe overtakings (as the object) | ozuwlarımımy overtakings (as the object) | ozuwlarıŋıyour overtakings (as the object) | ozuwlarınhis overtakings (as the object) | ozuwlarıbıznıour overtakings (as the object) | ozuwlarığıznıyou all's overtakings (as the object) | ozuwlarıntheir overtakings (as the object) |
| Dative | ozuwlağato the overtakings | ozuwlarımato my overtakings | ozuwlarıŋato your overtakings | ozuwlarınato his overtakings | ozuwlarıbızğato our overtakings | ozuwlarığızğato you all's overtakings | ozuwlarınato their overtakings |
| Locative | ozuwladain / at the overtakings | ozuwlarımdain / at my overtakings | ozuwlarıŋdain / at your overtakings | ozuwlarındain / at his overtakings | ozuwlarıbızdain / at our overtakings | ozuwlarığızdain / at you all's overtakings | ozuwlarındain / at their overtakings |
| Ablative | ozuwladanfrom the overtakings | ozuwlarımdanfrom my overtakings | ozuwlarıŋdanfrom your overtakings | ozuwlarındanfrom his overtakings | ozuwlarıbızdanfrom our overtakings | ozuwlarığızdanfrom you all's overtakings | ozuwlarındanfrom their overtakings |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: ozuwları can mean "his / her overtakings", "their overtaking", or "their overtakings" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.