orurğa
/orurʁa/
1. reap, cut (grain) — Traditionally done by hand with a sickle (oraq); today also with a combine.
- budaynı orurğa — to reap the wheat
- oraq bla orurğa — to reap with a sickle
- arpanı or — reap the barley
- sabannı orurğa — to reap the field
- biz budaynı orabız — we are reaping the wheat
- men arpanı ordum — I reaped the barley
- buday sabanlanı oraqla bla orğandıla — they reaped the wheat fields with sickles
2. harvest, gather in (a grain crop)
- kombayn bla or — harvest with a combine
- tirlikleni kombaynla oradıla — combines harvest the crops
- sabannı oradıla — they are harvesting the field
Conjugation
Common forms
- oradıhe is reaping
- orduhe reaped
- orğandıhe has reaped
- orurhe will reap
- orluqduhe is going to reap
- ora edihe was reaping
- orsaif he reaps
- or!reap!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoramaI am reaping | senorasayou are reaping | oloradıhe is reaping | bizorabızwe are reaping | sizorasızyou all are reaping | alaoradılathey are reaping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menormaymaI am not reaping | senormaysayou are not reaping | olormaydıhe is not reaping | bizormaybızwe are not reaping | sizormaysızyou all are not reaping | alaormaydılathey are not reaping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoramamı? oramıma?am I reaping? | senoramısa?are you reaping? | oloramıdı?is he reaping? | bizorabızmı? oramıbız?are we reaping? | sizoramısız?are you all reaping? | alaoramıdıla?are they reaping? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menormaymamı? ormaymıma?aren't I reaping? | senormaymısa?aren't you reaping? | olormaymıdı?isn't he reaping? | bizormaybızmı? ormaymıbız?aren't we reaping? | sizormaymısız?aren't you all reaping? | alaormaymıdıla?aren't they reaping? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoruwçanmaI usually reap | senoruwçansayou usually reap | oloruwçandıhe usually reaps | bizoruwçanbızwe usually reap | sizoruwçansızyou all usually reap | alaoruwçandılathey usually reap |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menormawçanmaI usually don't reap | senormawçansayou usually don't reap | olormawçandıhe usually doesn't reap | bizormawçanbızwe usually don't reap | sizormawçansızyou all usually don't reap | alaormawçandılathey usually don't reap |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoruwçanmamı? oruwçanmıma?do I usually reap? | senoruwçanmısa?do you usually reap? | oloruwçanmıdı?does he usually reap? | bizoruwçanbızmı? oruwçanmıbız?do we usually reap? | sizoruwçanmısız?do you all usually reap? | alaoruwçanmıdıla?do they usually reap? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menormawçanmamı? ormawçanmıma?do I usually not reap? | senormawçanmısa?do you usually not reap? | olormawçanmıdı?does he usually not reap? | bizormawçanbızmı? ormawçanmıbız?do we usually not reap? | sizormawçanmısız?do you all usually not reap? | alaormawçanmıdıla?do they usually not reap? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olorubduhe has reaped and remains so | alaorubdulathey have reaped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olorubmudu?has he reaped? | alaorubmudula?have they reaped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menorub turamaI keep reaping | senorub turasayou keep reaping | olorub turadıhe keeps reaping | bizorub turabızwe keep reaping | sizorub turasızyou all keep reaping | alaorub turadılathey keep reaping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menorub turmaymaI don't keep reaping | senorub turmaysayou don't keep reaping | olorub turmaydıhe doesn't keep reaping | bizorub turmaybızwe don't keep reaping | sizorub turmaysızyou all don't keep reaping | alaorub turmaydılathey don't keep reaping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menorub turamamı? orub turamıma?do I keep reaping? | senorub turamısa?do you keep reaping? | olorub turamıdı?does he keep reaping? | bizorub turabızmı? orub turamıbız?do we keep reaping? | sizorub turamısız?do you all keep reaping? | alaorub turamıdıla?do they keep reaping? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menorub turmaymamı? orub turmaymıma?don't I keep reaping? | senorub turmaymısa?don't you keep reaping? | olorub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep reaping? | bizorub turmaybızmı? orub turmaymıbız?don't we keep reaping? | sizorub turmaymısız?don't you all keep reaping? | alaorub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep reaping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menora turamaI am in the middle of reaping | senora turasayou are in the middle of reaping | olora turadıhe is in the middle of reaping | bizora turabızwe are in the middle of reaping | sizora turasızyou all are in the middle of reaping | alaora turadılathey are in the middle of reaping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menora turmaymaI am not in the middle of reaping | senora turmaysayou are not in the middle of reaping | olora turmaydıhe is not in the middle of reaping | bizora turmaybızwe are not in the middle of reaping | sizora turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of reaping | alaora turmaydılathey are not in the middle of reaping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menora turamamı? ora turamıma?am I in the middle of reaping? | senora turamısa?are you in the middle of reaping? | olora turamıdı?is he in the middle of reaping? | bizora turabızmı? ora turamıbız?are we in the middle of reaping? | sizora turamısız?are you all in the middle of reaping? | alaora turamıdıla?are they in the middle of reaping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menora turmaymamı? ora turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of reaping? | senora turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of reaping? | olora turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of reaping? | bizora turmaybızmı? ora turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of reaping? | sizora turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of reaping? | alaora turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of reaping? |
| Simple past (definite) | menordumI reaped | senorduŋyou reaped | olorduhe reaped | bizorduqwe reaped | sizorduğuzyou all reaped | alaordulathey reaped |
| Simple past (definite) | menormadımI didn't reap | senormadıŋyou didn't reap | olormadıhe didn't reap | bizormadıqwe didn't reap | sizormadığızyou all didn't reap | alaormadılathey didn't reap |
| Simple past (definite) | menordummu?did I reap? | senorduŋmu?did you reap? | olordumu?did he reap? | bizorduqmu?did we reap? | sizorduğuzmu?did you all reap? | alaordulamı?did they reap? |
| Simple past (definite) | menormadımmı?didn't I reap? | senormadıŋmı?didn't you reap? | olormadımı?didn't he reap? | bizormadıqmı?didn't we reap? | sizormadığızmı?didn't you all reap? | alaormadılamı?didn't they reap? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menorğanmaI have reaped | senorğansayou have reaped | olorğandıhe has reaped | bizorğanbızwe have reaped | sizorğansızyou all have reaped | alaorğandılathey have reaped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menormağanmaI haven't reaped | senormağansayou haven't reaped | olormağandıhe hasn't reaped | bizormağanbızwe haven't reaped | sizormağansızyou all haven't reaped | alaormağandılathey haven't reaped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menorğanmamı? orğanmıma?have I reaped? | senorğanmısa?have you reaped? | olorğanmıdı?has he reaped? | bizorğanbızmı? orğanmıbız?have we reaped? | sizorğanmısız?have you all reaped? | alaorğanmıdıla?have they reaped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menormağanmamı? ormağanmıma?haven't I reaped? | senormağanmısa?haven't you reaped? | olormağanmıdı?hasn't he reaped? | bizormağanbızmı? ormağanmıbız?haven't we reaped? | sizormağanmısız?haven't you all reaped? | alaormağanmıdıla?haven't they reaped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menorub turdumI kept reaping | senorub turduŋyou kept reaping | olorub turduhe kept reaping | bizorub turduqwe kept reaping | sizorub turduğuzyou all kept reaping | alaorub turdulathey kept reaping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menorub turmadımI didn't keep reaping | senorub turmadıŋyou didn't keep reaping | olorub turmadıhe didn't keep reaping | bizorub turmadıqwe didn't keep reaping | sizorub turmadığızyou all didn't keep reaping | alaorub turmadılathey didn't keep reaping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menorurmaI will reap | senorursayou will reap | olorurhe will reap | bizorurbuzwe will reap | sizorursuzyou all will reap | alaorurlathey will reap |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menormazmaI won't reap | senormazsayou won't reap | olormazhe won't reap | bizormazbızwe won't reap | sizormazsızyou all won't reap | alaormazlathey won't reap |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menorurmamı? orurmuma?will I reap? | senorurmusa?will you reap? | olorurmu?will he reap? | bizorurbuzmu? orurmubuz?will we reap? | sizorurmusuz?will you all reap? | alaorurlamı? orurmula?will they reap? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menormazmamı? ormazmıma?won't I reap? | senormazmısa?won't you reap? | olormazmı?won't he reap? | bizormazbızmı? ormazmıbız?won't we reap? | sizormazmısız?won't you all reap? | alaormazlamı? ormazmıla?won't they reap? |
| Definite future (future II) | menorluqma1orruqmaI am going to reap | senorluqsa1orruqsayou are going to reap | olorluqdu1orruqduhe is going to reap | bizorluqbuz1orruqbuzwe are going to reap | sizorluqsuz1orruqsuzyou all are going to reap | alaorluqdula1orruqdulathey are going to reap |
| Definite future (future II) | menorluq tülme1orruq tülmeI am not going to reap | senorluq tülse1orruq tülseyou are not going to reap | olorluq tüldü1orruq tüldühe is not going to reap | bizorluq tülbüz1orruq tülbüzwe are not going to reap | sizorluq tülsüz1orruq tülsüzyou all are not going to reap | alaorluq tüldüle1orruq tüldülethey are not going to reap |
| Definite future (future II) | menorluqmamı?1 orluqmuma?orruqmamı?am I going to reap? | senorluqmusa?1orruqmusa?are you going to reap? | olorluqmudu?1orruqmudu?is he going to reap? | bizorluqbuzmu?1 orluqmubuz?orruqbuzmu?are we going to reap? | sizorluqmusuz?1orruqmusuz?are you all going to reap? | alaorluqmudula?1orruqmudula?are they going to reap? |
| Definite future (future II) | menorluq tülmüme?1orruq tülmüme?aren't I going to reap? | senorluq tülmüse?1orruq tülmüse?aren't you going to reap? | olorluq tülmüdü?1orruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to reap? | bizorluq tülmübüz?1orruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to reap? | sizorluq tülmüsüz?1orruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to reap? | alaorluq tülmüdüle?1orruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to reap? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so orruqdu
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menorğan edimorğanemI had reaped | senorğan ediŋorğaneŋyou had reaped | olorğan ediorğanedhe had reaped | bizorğan edikorğanekwe had reaped | sizorğan edigizorğanegizyou all had reaped | alaorğan edileorğanellethey had reaped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menormağan edimormağanemI hadn't reaped | senormağan ediŋormağaneŋyou hadn't reaped | olormağan ediormağanedhe hadn't reaped | bizormağan edikormağanekwe hadn't reaped | sizormağan edigizormağanegizyou all hadn't reaped | alaormağan edileormağanellethey hadn't reaped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menora edimoraemI was reaping | senora ediŋoraeŋyou were reaping | olora edioraedhe was reaping | bizora edikoraekwe were reaping | sizora edigizoraegizyou all were reaping | alaora edileoraellethey were reaping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menormay edimormayemI wasn't reaping | senormay ediŋormayeŋyou weren't reaping | olormay ediormayedhe wasn't reaping | bizormay edikormayekwe weren't reaping | sizormay edigizormayegizyou all weren't reaping | alaormay edileormayellethey weren't reaping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menoruwçan edimoruwçanemI used to reap | senoruwçan ediŋoruwçaneŋyou used to reap | oloruwçan edioruwçanedhe used to reap | bizoruwçan edikoruwçanekwe used to reap | sizoruwçan edigizoruwçanegizyou all used to reap | alaoruwçan edileoruwçanellethey used to reap |
| Habitual past (used to) | menormawçan edimormawçanemI didn't use to reap | senormawçan ediŋormawçaneŋyou didn't use to reap | olormawçan ediormawçanedhe didn't use to reap | bizormawçan edikormawçanekwe didn't use to reap | sizormawçan edigizormawçanegizyou all didn't use to reap | alaormawçan edileormawçanellethey didn't use to reap |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olorub edihe had reaped and remained so | alaorub edilethey had reaped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olorub tül edihe hadn't reaped | alaorub tül edilethey hadn't reaped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menorub tura edimorub turaemI had kept reaping | senorub tura ediŋorub turaeŋyou had kept reaping | olorub tura ediorub turaedhe had kept reaping | bizorub tura edikorub turaekwe had kept reaping | sizorub tura edigizorub turaegizyou all had kept reaping | alaorub tura edileorub turaellethey had kept reaping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menorub turmay edimorub turmayemI hadn't kept reaping | senorub turmay ediŋorub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept reaping | olorub turmay ediorub turmayedhe hadn't kept reaping | bizorub turmay edikorub turmayekwe hadn't kept reaping | sizorub turmay edigizorub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept reaping | alaorub turmay edileorub turmayellethey hadn't kept reaping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menora tura edimora turaemI was in the middle of reaping | senora tura ediŋora turaeŋyou were in the middle of reaping | olora tura ediora turaedhe was in the middle of reaping | bizora tura edikora turaekwe were in the middle of reaping | sizora tura edigizora turaegizyou all were in the middle of reaping | alaora tura edileora turaellethey were in the middle of reaping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menora turmay edimora turmayemI wasn't in the middle of reaping | senora turmay ediŋora turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of reaping | olora turmay ediora turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of reaping | bizora turmay edikora turmayekwe weren't in the middle of reaping | sizora turmay edigizora turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of reaping | alaora turmay edileora turmayellethey weren't in the middle of reaping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menorur edimorur emI would reap | senorur ediŋorur eŋyou would reap | olorur ediorur edhe would reap | bizorur edikorur ekwe would reap | sizorur edigizorur egizyou all would reap | alaorur edileorur ellethey would reap |
| Conditional result (would) | menormaz edimormaz emI wouldn't reap | senormaz ediŋormaz eŋyou wouldn't reap | olormaz ediormaz edhe wouldn't reap | bizormaz edikormaz ekwe wouldn't reap | sizormaz edigizormaz egizyou all wouldn't reap | alaormaz edileormaz ellethey wouldn't reap |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menorluq edim2orluq emorruq edimI would have reaped | senorluq ediŋ2orluq eŋorruq ediŋyou would have reaped | olorluq edi2orluq edorruq edihe would have reaped | bizorluq edik2orluq ekorruq edikwe would have reaped | sizorluq edigiz2orluq egizorruq edigizyou all would have reaped | alaorluq edile2orluq elleorruq edilethey would have reaped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menorluq tül edim2orluq tül emorruq tül edimI wouldn't have reaped | senorluq tül ediŋ2orluq tül eŋorruq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have reaped | olorluq tül edi2orluq tül edorruq tül edihe wouldn't have reaped | bizorluq tül edik2orluq tül ekorruq tül edikwe wouldn't have reaped | sizorluq tül edigiz2orluq tül egizorruq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have reaped | alaorluq tül edile2orluq tül elleorruq tül edilethey wouldn't have reaped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so orruq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menorsamif I reap | senorsaŋif you reap | olorsaif he reaps | bizorsaqif we reap | sizorsağızif you all reap | alaorsalaif they reap |
| Conditional | menormasamif I don't reap | senormasaŋif you don't reap | olormasaif he doesn't reap | bizormasaqif we don't reap | sizormasağızif you all don't reap | alaormasalaif they don't reap |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menora esemif I am reaping | senora eseŋif you are reaping | olora eseif he is reaping | bizora esekif we are reaping | sizora esegizif you all are reaping | alaora eseleif they are reaping |
| Conditional, present real | menormay esemif I am not reaping | senormay eseŋif you are not reaping | olormay eseif he is not reaping | bizormay esekif we are not reaping | sizormay esegizif you all are not reaping | alaormay eseleif they are not reaping |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menorsam ediorsam edif only I reaped | senorsaŋ ediorsaŋ edif only you reaped | olorsa ediorsaedif only he reaped | bizorsaq ediorsaq edif only we reaped | sizorsağız ediorsağız edif only you all reaped | alaorsala ediorsalaedif only they reaped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menormasam ediormasam edif only I didn't reap | senormasaŋ ediormasaŋ edif only you didn't reap | olormasa ediormasaedif only he didn't reap | bizormasaq ediormasaq edif only we didn't reap | sizormasağız ediormasağız edif only you all didn't reap | alaormasala ediormasalaedif only they didn't reap |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menorub tursamif I carry on reaping | senorub tursaŋif you carry on reaping | olorub tursaif he carries on reaping | bizorub tursaqif we carry on reaping | sizorub tursağızif you all carry on reaping | alaorub tursalaif they carry on reaping |
| Durative conditional | menorub turmasamif I don't carry on reaping | senorub turmasaŋif you don't carry on reaping | olorub turmasaif he doesn't carry on reaping | bizorub turmasaqif we don't carry on reaping | sizorub turmasağızif you all don't carry on reaping | alaorub turmasalaif they don't carry on reaping |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menorub tura esemif I have kept reaping | senorub tura eseŋif you have kept reaping | olorub tura eseif he has kept reaping | bizorub tura esekif we have kept reaping | sizorub tura esegizif you all have kept reaping | alaorub tura eseleif they have kept reaping |
| Durative conditional, present real | menorub turmay esemif I haven't kept reaping | senorub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept reaping | olorub turmay eseif he hasn't kept reaping | bizorub turmay esekif we haven't kept reaping | sizorub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept reaping | alaorub turmay eseleif they haven't kept reaping |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menora tursamif I keep reaping | senora tursaŋif you keep reaping | olora tursaif he keeps reaping | bizora tursaqif we keep reaping | sizora tursağızif you all keep reaping | alaora tursalaif they keep reaping |
| Progressive conditional | menormay tursamif I keep on not reaping | senormay tursaŋif you keep on not reaping | olormay tursaif he keeps on not reaping | bizormay tursaqif we keep on not reaping | sizormay tursağızif you all keep on not reaping | alaormay tursalaif they keep on not reaping |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menora tura esemif I am in the middle of reaping | senora tura eseŋif you are in the middle of reaping | olora tura eseif he is in the middle of reaping | bizora tura esekif we are in the middle of reaping | sizora tura esegizif you all are in the middle of reaping | alaora tura eseleif they are in the middle of reaping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menormay tura esemif I keep on not reaping | senormay tura eseŋif you keep on not reaping | olormay tura eseif he keeps on not reaping | bizormay tura esekif we keep on not reaping | sizormay tura esegizif you all keep on not reaping | alaormay tura eseleif they keep on not reaping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menordum esemif I reaped | senorduŋ eseŋif you reaped | olordu eseif he reaped | bizorduq esekif we reaped | sizorduğuz esegizif you all reaped | alaordula eseleif they reaped |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menormadım esemif I didn't reap | senormadıŋ eseŋif you didn't reap | olormadı eseif he didn't reap | bizormadıq esekif we didn't reap | sizormadığız esegizif you all didn't reap | alaormadıla eseleif they didn't reap |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menorğan esemif I did reap (indeed) | senorğan eseŋif you did reap (indeed) | olorğan eseif he did reap (indeed) | bizorğan esekif we did reap (indeed) | sizorğan esegizif you all did reap (indeed) | alaorğan eseleif they did reap (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menormağan esemif I didn't reap (indeed) | senormağan eseŋif you didn't reap (indeed) | olormağan eseif he didn't reap (indeed) | bizormağan esekif we didn't reap (indeed) | sizormağan esegizif you all didn't reap (indeed) | alaormağan eseleif they didn't reap (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menorğan bolsamif I had reaped | senorğan bolsaŋif you had reaped | olorğan bolsaif he had reaped | bizorğan bolsaqif we had reaped | sizorğan bolsağızif you all had reaped | alaorğan bolsalaif they had reaped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menormağan bolsamif I hadn't reaped | senormağan bolsaŋif you hadn't reaped | olormağan bolsaif he hadn't reaped | bizormağan bolsaqif we hadn't reaped | sizormağan bolsağızif you all hadn't reaped | alaormağan bolsalaif they hadn't reaped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menorğan bolsam ediorğan bolsam edif only I had reaped | senorğan bolsaŋ ediorğan bolsaŋ edif only you had reaped | olorğan bolsa ediorğan bolsaedif only he had reaped | bizorğan bolsaq ediorğan bolsaq edif only we had reaped | sizorğan bolsağız ediorğan bolsağız edif only you all had reaped | alaorğan bolsala ediorğan bolsalaedif only they had reaped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menormağan bolsam ediormağan bolsam edif only I hadn't reaped | senormağan bolsaŋ ediormağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't reaped | olormağan bolsa ediormağan bolsaedif only he hadn't reaped | bizormağan bolsaq ediormağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't reaped | sizormağan bolsağız ediormağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't reaped | alaormağan bolsala ediormağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't reaped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menorur esemif I will reap | senorur eseŋif you will reap | olorur eseif he will reap | bizorur esekif we will reap | sizorur esegizif you all will reap | alaorur eseleif they will reap |
| Conditional, aorist | menormaz esemif I won't reap | senormaz eseŋif you won't reap | olormaz eseif he won't reap | bizormaz esekif we won't reap | sizormaz esegizif you all won't reap | alaormaz eseleif they won't reap |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menorluq esem4orruq esemif I am going to reap | senorluq eseŋ4orruq eseŋif you are going to reap | olorluq ese4orruq eseif he is going to reap | bizorluq esek4orruq esekif we are going to reap | sizorluq esegiz4orruq esegizif you all are going to reap | alaorluq esele4orruq eseleif they are going to reap |
| Conditional, future | menorluq tül esem4orruq tül esemif I am not going to reap | senorluq tül eseŋ4orruq tül eseŋif you are not going to reap | olorluq tül ese4orruq tül eseif he is not going to reap | bizorluq tül esek4orruq tül esekif we are not going to reap | sizorluq tül esegiz4orruq tül esegizif you all are not going to reap | alaorluq tül esele4orruq tül eseleif they are not going to reap |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menorluq bolsam5orruq bolsamif I were going to reap | senorluq bolsaŋ5orruq bolsaŋif you were going to reap | olorluq bolsa5orruq bolsaif he were going to reap | bizorluq bolsaq5orruq bolsaqif we were going to reap | sizorluq bolsağız5orruq bolsağızif you all were going to reap | alaorluq bolsala5orruq bolsalaif they were going to reap |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menormazlıq bolsamif I were not going to reap | senormazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to reap | olormazlıq bolsaif he were not going to reap | bizormazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to reap | sizormazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to reap | alaormazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to reap |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso orduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so orruq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so orruq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menora bolurmaI must be reaping | senora bolursayou must be reaping | olora bolurhe must be reaping | bizora bolurbuzwe must be reaping | sizora bolursuzyou all must be reaping | alaora bolurlathey must be reaping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menormay bolurmaI must not be reaping | senormay bolursayou must not be reaping | olormay bolurhe must not be reaping | bizormay bolurbuzwe must not be reaping | sizormay bolursuzyou all must not be reaping | alaormay bolurlathey must not be reaping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menora tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of reaping | senora tura bolursayou must be in the middle of reaping | olora tura bolurhe must be in the middle of reaping | bizora tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of reaping | sizora tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of reaping | alaora tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of reaping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menormay tura bolurmaI must keep on not reaping | senormay tura bolursayou must keep on not reaping | olormay tura bolurhe must keep on not reaping | bizormay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not reaping | sizormay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not reaping | alaormay tura bolurlathey must keep on not reaping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menorğan bolurmaI must have reaped | senorğan bolursayou must have reaped | olorğan bolurhe must have reaped | bizorğan bolurbuzwe must have reaped | sizorğan bolursuzyou all must have reaped | alaorğan bolurlathey must have reaped |
| Inference (must have) | menormağan bolurmaI must not have reaped | senormağan bolursayou must not have reaped | olormağan bolurhe must not have reaped | bizormağan bolurbuzwe must not have reaped | sizormağan bolursuzyou all must not have reaped | alaormağan bolurlathey must not have reaped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menorluq bolurma6orruq bolurmaI must be going to reap | senorluq bolursa6orruq bolursayou must be going to reap | olorluq bolur6orruq bolurhe must be going to reap | bizorluq bolurbuz6orruq bolurbuzwe must be going to reap | sizorluq bolursuz6orruq bolursuzyou all must be going to reap | alaorluq bolurla6orruq bolurlathey must be going to reap |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menormazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to reap | senormazlıq bolursayou must not be going to reap | olormazlıq bolurhe must not be going to reap | bizormazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to reap | sizormazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to reap | alaormazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to reap |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so orruq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menorayımlet me reap | senor!reap! | olorsunlet him reap | bizorayıqlet's reap | sizoruğuz!reap, you all! | alaorsunlalet them reap |
| Commands & suggestions | menormayımlet me not reap | senorma!don't reap! | olormasınlet him not reap | bizormayıqlet's not reap | sizormağız!don't reap, you all! | alaormasınlalet them not reap |
| Commands & suggestions | menorayımmı?shall I reap? | olorsunmu?should he reap? | bizorayıqmı?shall we reap? | alaorsunlamı?should they reap? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menormayımmı?shall I not reap? | olormasınmı?should he not reap? | bizormayıqmı?shall we not reap? | alaormasınlamı?should they not reap? | ||
| Requests | senorçu7orçunplease reap | olorsunçudo let him reap | sizorçuğuzplease reap (plural/polite) | alaorsunlaçıdo let them reap | ||
| Requests | senormaçı7ormaçınplease don't reap | olormasınçıdo let him not reap | sizormaçığızplease don't reap (plural/polite) | alaormasınlaçıdo let them not reap | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senorğunorğumay you reap | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senormağınormağımay you not reap | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menorğay edim orğa edimwould that I reaped | senorğay ediŋ orğa ediŋwould that you reaped | olorğay edi orğa ediwould that he reaped | bizorğay edik orğa edikwould that we reaped | sizorğay edigiz orğa edigizwould that you all reaped | alaorğay edile orğa edilewould that they reaped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menormağay edim ormağa edimwould that I did not reap | senormağay ediŋ ormağa ediŋwould that you did not reap | olormağay edi ormağa ediwould that he did not reap | bizormağay edik ormağa edikwould that we did not reap | sizormağay edigiz ormağa edigizwould that you all did not reap | alaormağay edile ormağa edilewould that they did not reap |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menormağa qoyayımorma qoyayımlet me allow someone to reap | senormağa qoy!orma qoy!let someone reap! | olormağa qoysunorma qoysunlet him allow someone to reap | bizormağa qoyayıqorma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to reap | sizormağa qoyuğuz!orma qoyuğuz!let someone reap, you all! | alaormağa qoysunlaorma qoysunlalet them allow someone to reap |
| Let someone… (commands) | menormağa qoymayımorma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to reap | senormağa qoyma!orma qoyma!don't let someone reap! | olormağa qoymasınorma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to reap | bizormağa qoymayıqorma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to reap | sizormağa qoymağız!orma qoymağız!don't let someone reap, you all! | alaormağa qoymasınlaorma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to reap |
| Let someone… (commands) | menormağa qoyayımmı?orma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to reap? | olormağa qoysunmu?orma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to reap? | bizormağa qoyayıqmı?orma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to reap? | alaormağa qoysunlamı?orma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to reap? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menormağa qoymayımmı?orma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to reap? | olormağa qoymasınmı?orma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to reap? | bizormağa qoymayıqmı?orma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to reap? | alaormağa qoymasınlamı?orma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to reap? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menormağa qoyamaorma qoyamaI allow someone to reap | senormağa qoyasaorma qoyasayou allow someone to reap | olormağa qoyadıorma qoyadıhe allows someone to reap | bizormağa qoyabızorma qoyabızwe allow someone to reap | sizormağa qoyasızorma qoyasızyou all allow someone to reap | alaormağa qoyadılaorma qoyadılathey allow someone to reap |
| Let someone… (present) | menormağa qoymaymaorma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to reap | senormağa qoymaysaorma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to reap | olormağa qoymaydıorma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to reap | bizormağa qoymaybızorma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to reap | sizormağa qoymaysızorma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to reap | alaormağa qoymaydılaorma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to reap |
| Let someone… (present) | menormağa qoyamamı?orma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to reap? | senormağa qoyamısa?orma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to reap? | olormağa qoyamıdı?orma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to reap? | bizormağa qoyabızmı?orma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to reap? | sizormağa qoyamısız?orma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to reap? | alaormağa qoyamıdıla?orma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to reap? |
| Let someone… (present) | menormağa qoymaymamı?orma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to reap? | senormağa qoymaymısa?orma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to reap? | olormağa qoymaymıdı?orma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to reap? | bizormağa qoymaybızmı?orma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to reap? | sizormağa qoymaymısız?orma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to reap? | alaormağa qoymaymıdıla?orma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to reap? |
| Let someone… (past) | menormağa qoydumorma qoydumI allowed someone to reap | senormağa qoyduŋorma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to reap | olormağa qoyduorma qoyduhe allowed someone to reap | bizormağa qoyduqorma qoyduqwe allowed someone to reap | sizormağa qoyduğuzorma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to reap | alaormağa qoydulaorma qoydulathey allowed someone to reap |
| Let someone… (past) | menormağa qoymadımorma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to reap | senormağa qoymadıŋorma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to reap | olormağa qoymadıorma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to reap | bizormağa qoymadıqorma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to reap | sizormağa qoymadığızorma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to reap | alaormağa qoymadılaorma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to reap |
| Let someone… (past) | menormağa qoydummu?orma qoydummu?did I allow someone to reap? | senormağa qoyduŋmu?orma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to reap? | olormağa qoydumu?orma qoydumu?did he allow someone to reap? | bizormağa qoyduqmu?orma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to reap? | sizormağa qoyduğuzmu?orma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to reap? | alaormağa qoydulamı?orma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to reap? |
| Let someone… (past) | menormağa qoymadımmı?orma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to reap? | senormağa qoymadıŋmı?orma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to reap? | olormağa qoymadımı?orma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to reap? | bizormağa qoymadıqmı?orma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to reap? | sizormağa qoymadığızmı?orma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to reap? | alaormağa qoymadılamı?orma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to reap? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
oralırğa be able to reap · oralmazğa be unable to reap
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menoralamaI can reap | senoralasayou can reap | oloraladıhe can reap | bizoralabızwe can reap | sizoralasızyou all can reap | alaoraladılathey can reap |
| Ability — present | menoralmaymaI can't reap | senoralmaysayou can't reap | oloralmaydıhe can't reap | bizoralmaybızwe can't reap | sizoralmaysızyou all can't reap | alaoralmaydılathey can't reap |
| Ability — present | menoralamamı? oralamıma?can I reap? | senoralamısa?can you reap? | oloralamıdı?can he reap? | bizoralabızmı? oralamıbız?can we reap? | sizoralamısız?can you all reap? | alaoralamıdıla?can they reap? |
| Ability — present | menoralmaymamı? oralmaymıma?can't I reap? | senoralmaymısa?can't you reap? | oloralmaymıdı?can't he reap? | bizoralmaybızmı? oralmaymıbız?can't we reap? | sizoralmaymısız?can't you all reap? | alaoralmaymıdıla?can't they reap? |
| Ability — if I can… | menoralsamif I can reap | senoralsaŋif you can reap | oloralsaif he can reap | bizoralsaqif we can reap | sizoralsağızif you all can reap | alaoralsalaif they can reap |
| Ability — if I can… | menoralmasamif I can't reap | senoralmasaŋif you can't reap | oloralmasaif he can't reap | bizoralmasaqif we can't reap | sizoralmasağızif you all can't reap | alaoralmasalaif they can't reap |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menoraldımI was able to reap | senoraldıŋyou were able to reap | oloraldıhe was able to reap | bizoraldıqwe were able to reap | sizoraldığızyou all were able to reap | alaoraldılathey were able to reap |
| Ability — simple past | menoralmadımI could not reap | senoralmadıŋyou could not reap | oloralmadıhe could not reap | bizoralmadıqwe could not reap | sizoralmadığızyou all could not reap | alaoralmadılathey could not reap |
| Ability — simple past | menoraldımmı?was I able to reap? | senoraldıŋmı?were you able to reap? | oloraldımı?was he able to reap? | bizoraldıqmı?were we able to reap? | sizoraldığızmı?were you all able to reap? | alaoraldılamı?were they able to reap? |
| Ability — simple past | menoralmadımmı?couldn't I reap? | senoralmadıŋmı?couldn't you reap? | oloralmadımı?couldn't he reap? | bizoralmadıqmı?couldn't we reap? | sizoralmadığızmı?couldn't you all reap? | alaoralmadılamı?couldn't they reap? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoralğanmaI have been able to reap | senoralğansayou have been able to reap | oloralğandıhe has been able to reap | bizoralğanbızwe have been able to reap | sizoralğansızyou all have been able to reap | alaoralğandılathey have been able to reap |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoralmağanmaI haven't been able to reap | senoralmağansayou haven't been able to reap | oloralmağandıhe hasn't been able to reap | bizoralmağanbızwe haven't been able to reap | sizoralmağansızyou all haven't been able to reap | alaoralmağandılathey haven't been able to reap |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoralğanmamı? oralğanmıma?have I been able to reap? | senoralğanmısa?have you been able to reap? | oloralğanmıdı?has he been able to reap? | bizoralğanbızmı? oralğanmıbız?have we been able to reap? | sizoralğanmısız?have you all been able to reap? | alaoralğanmıdıla?have they been able to reap? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoralmağanmamı? oralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to reap? | senoralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to reap? | oloralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to reap? | bizoralmağanbızmı? oralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to reap? | sizoralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to reap? | alaoralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to reap? |
| Ability — past perfect | menoralğan edimoralğanemI had been able to reap | senoralğan ediŋoralğaneŋyou had been able to reap | oloralğan edioralğanedhe had been able to reap | bizoralğan edikoralğanekwe had been able to reap | sizoralğan edigizoralğanegizyou all had been able to reap | alaoralğan edileoralğanellethey had been able to reap |
| Ability — past perfect | menoralmağan edimoralmağanemI hadn't been able to reap | senoralmağan ediŋoralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to reap | oloralmağan edioralmağanedhe hadn't been able to reap | bizoralmağan edikoralmağanekwe hadn't been able to reap | sizoralmağan edigizoralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to reap | alaoralmağan edileoralmağanellethey hadn't been able to reap |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menorala edimoralaemI could reap | senorala ediŋoralaeŋyou could reap | olorala edioralaedhe could reap | bizorala edikoralaekwe could reap | sizorala edigizoralaegizyou all could reap | alaorala edileoralaellethey could reap |
| Ability — past background | menoralmay edimoralmayemI could not reap | senoralmay ediŋoralmayeŋyou could not reap | oloralmay edioralmayedhe could not reap | bizoralmay edikoralmayekwe could not reap | sizoralmay edigizoralmayegizyou all could not reap | alaoralmay edileoralmayellethey could not reap |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menoralırmaI will be able to reap | senoralırsayou will be able to reap | oloralırhe will be able to reap | bizoralırbızwe will be able to reap | sizoralırsızyou all will be able to reap | alaoralırlathey will be able to reap |
| Ability — future I | menoralmazmaI won't be able to reap | senoralmazsayou won't be able to reap | oloralmazhe won't be able to reap | bizoralmazbızwe won't be able to reap | sizoralmazsızyou all won't be able to reap | alaoralmazlathey won't be able to reap |
| Ability — future I | menoralırmamı? oralırmıma?will I be able to reap? | senoralırmısa?will you be able to reap? | oloralırmı?will he be able to reap? | bizoralırbızmı? oralırmıbız?will we be able to reap? | sizoralırmısız?will you all be able to reap? | alaoralırlamı? oralırmıla?will they be able to reap? |
| Ability — future I | menoralmazmamı? oralmazmıma?won't I be able to reap? | senoralmazmısa?won't you be able to reap? | oloralmazmı?won't he be able to reap? | bizoralmazbızmı? oralmazmıbız?won't we be able to reap? | sizoralmazmısız?won't you all be able to reap? | alaoralmazlamı? oralmazmıla?won't they be able to reap? |
| Ability — future II | menorallıqmaI am going to be able to reap | senorallıqsayou are going to be able to reap | olorallıqdıhe is going to be able to reap | bizorallıqbızwe are going to be able to reap | sizorallıqsızyou all are going to be able to reap | alaorallıqdılathey are going to be able to reap |
| Ability — future II | menorallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to reap | senorallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to reap | olorallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to reap | bizorallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to reap | sizorallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to reap | alaorallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to reap |
| Ability — future II | menorallıqmamı? orallıqmıma?am I going to be able to reap? | senorallıqmısa?are you going to be able to reap? | olorallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to reap? | bizorallıqbızmı? orallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to reap? | sizorallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to reap? | alaorallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to reap? |
| Ability — future II | menorallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to reap? | senorallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to reap? | olorallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to reap? | bizorallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to reap? | sizorallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to reap? | alaorallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to reap? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menoralır edimoralır emI would be able to reap | senoralır ediŋoralır eŋyou would be able to reap | oloralır edioralır edhe would be able to reap | bizoralır edikoralır ekwe would be able to reap | sizoralır edigizoralır egizyou all would be able to reap | alaoralır edileoralır ellethey would be able to reap |
| Ability — would be able to… | menoralmaz edimoralmaz emI wouldn't be able to reap | senoralmaz ediŋoralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to reap | oloralmaz edioralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to reap | bizoralmaz edikoralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to reap | sizoralmaz edigizoralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to reap | alaoralmaz edileoralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to reap |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senoralğınoralğımay you be able to reap | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senoralmağınoralmağımay you not be able to reap | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menorurğa izleymeI want to reap | senorurğa izleyseyou want to reap | olorurğa izleydihe wants to reap | bizorurğa izleybizwe want to reap | sizorurğa izleysizyou all want to reap | alaorurğa izleydilethey want to reap |
| want to | menorurğa izlemeymeI do not want to reap | senorurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to reap | olorurğa izlemeydihe does not want to reap | bizorurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to reap | sizorurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to reap | alaorurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to reap |
| would like to | menorurğa süemeI would like to reap | senorurğa süeseyou would like to reap | olorurğa süedihe would like to reap | bizorurğa süebizwe would like to reap | sizorurğa süesizyou all would like to reap | alaorurğa süedilethey would like to reap |
| would like to | menorurğa süymeymeI would not like to reap | senorurğa süymeyseyou would not like to reap | olorurğa süymeydihe would not like to reap | bizorurğa süymeybizwe would not like to reap | sizorurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to reap | alaorurğa süymeydilethey would not like to reap |
| hope to | menorurğa umutlanamaI hope to reap | senorurğa umutlanasayou hope to reap | olorurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to reap | bizorurğa umutlanabızwe hope to reap | sizorurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to reap | alaorurğa umutlanadılathey hope to reap |
| hope to | menorurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to reap | senorurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to reap | olorurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to reap | bizorurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to reap | sizorurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to reap | alaorurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to reap |
| be about to | menorurğa deb turamaI am about to reap | senorurğa deb turasayou are about to reap | olorurğa deb turadıhe is about to reap | bizorurğa deb turabızwe are about to reap | sizorurğa deb turasızyou all are about to reap | alaorurğa deb turadılathey are about to reap |
| be about to | menorurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to reap | senorurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to reap | olorurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to reap | bizorurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to reap | sizorurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to reap | alaorurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to reap |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menorurğa kerekmeI need to reap | senorurğa kerekseyou need to reap | olorurğa kerekdihe needs to reap | bizorurğa kerekbizwe need to reap | sizorurğa kereksizyou all need to reap | alaorurğa kerekdilethey need to reap |
| need to | menorurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to reap | senorurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to reap | olorurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to reap | bizorurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to reap | sizorurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to reap | alaorurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to reap |
| have to | menmenŋe orurğa tüşediI have to reap | sensenŋe orurğa tüşediyou have to reap | olaŋa orurğa tüşedihe has to reap | bizbizge orurğa tüşediwe have to reap | sizsizge orurğa tüşediyou all have to reap | alaalağa orurğa tüşedithey have to reap |
| have to | menmenŋe orurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to reap | sensenŋe orurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to reap | olaŋa orurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to reap | bizbizge orurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to reap | sizsizge orurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to reap | alaalağa orurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to reap |
| be obliged to | menorurğa borçlumaI am obliged to reap | senorurğa borçlusayou are obliged to reap | olorurğa borçluduhe is obliged to reap | bizorurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to reap | sizorurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to reap | alaorurğa borçludulathey are obliged to reap |
| be obliged to | menorurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to reap | senorurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to reap | olorurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to reap | bizorurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to reap | sizorurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to reap | alaorurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to reap |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menorurğa madarım bardıI have a way to reap | senorurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to reap | olorurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to reap | bizorurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to reap | sizorurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to reap | alaorurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to reap |
| have a way to | menorurğa madarım joqduI have no way to reap | senorurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to reap | olorurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to reap | bizorurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to reap | sizorurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to reap | alaorurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to reap |
| be free to | menorurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to reap | senorurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to reap | olorurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to reap | bizorurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to reap | sizorurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to reap | alaorurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to reap |
| be free to | menorurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to reap | senorurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to reap | olorurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to reap | bizorurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to reap | sizorurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to reap | alaorurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to reap |
| be possible to | menmenŋe orurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to reap | sensenŋe orurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to reap | olaŋa orurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to reap | bizbizge orurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to reap | sizsizge orurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to reap | alaalağa orurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to reap |
| be possible to | menmenŋe orurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to reap | sensenŋe orurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to reap | olaŋa orurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to reap | bizbizge orurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to reap | sizsizge orurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to reap | alaalağa orurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to reap |
| be ready to | menorurğa hazırmaI am ready to reap | senorurğa hazırsayou are ready to reap | olorurğa hazırdıhe is ready to reap | bizorurğa hazırbızwe are ready to reap | sizorurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to reap | alaorurğa hazırdılathey are ready to reap |
| be ready to | menorurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to reap | senorurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to reap | olorurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to reap | bizorurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to reap | sizorurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to reap | alaorurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to reap |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menorurğa küreşemeI am trying to reap | senorurğa küreşeseyou are trying to reap | olorurğa küreşedihe is trying to reap | bizorurğa küreşebizwe are trying to reap | sizorurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to reap | alaorurğa küreşedilethey are trying to reap |
| try to | menorurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to reap | senorurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to reap | olorurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to reap | bizorurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to reap | sizorurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to reap | alaorurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to reap |
| agree to | menorurğa unaymaI agree to reap | senorurğa unaysayou agree to reap | olorurğa unaydıhe agrees to reap | bizorurğa unaybızwe agree to reap | sizorurğa unaysızyou all agree to reap | alaorurğa unaydılathey agree to reap |
| agree to | menorurğa unamaymaI refuse to reap | senorurğa unamaysayou refuse to reap | olorurğa unamaydıhe refuses to reap | bizorurğa unamaybızwe refuse to reap | sizorurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to reap | alaorurğa unamaydılathey refuse to reap |
| hurry to | menorurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to reap | senorurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to reap | olorurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to reap | bizorurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to reap | sizorurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to reap | alaorurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to reap |
| hurry to | menorurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to reap | senorurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to reap | olorurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to reap | bizorurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to reap | sizorurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to reap | alaorurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to reap |
| be afraid to | menorurğa qorqamaI am afraid to reap | senorurğa qorqasayou are afraid to reap | olorurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to reap | bizorurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to reap | sizorurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to reap | alaorurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to reap |
| be afraid to | menorurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to reap | senorurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to reap | olorurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to reap | bizorurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to reap | sizorurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to reap | alaorurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to reap |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menora bolmazmaI can't be reaping | senora bolmazsayou can't be reaping | olora bolmazhe can't be reaping | bizora bolmazbızwe can't be reaping | sizora bolmazsızyou all can't be reaping | alaora bolmazlathey can't be reaping |
| Inference, present — double negation | menormay bolmazmaI must be reaping (emphatic) | senormay bolmazsayou must be reaping (emphatic) | olormay bolmazhe must be reaping (emphatic) | bizormay bolmazbızwe must be reaping (emphatic) | sizormay bolmazsızyou all must be reaping (emphatic) | alaormay bolmazlathey must be reaping (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menora turmasamif I don't keep reaping | senora turmasaŋif you don't keep reaping | olora turmasaif he doesn't keep reaping | bizora turmasaqif we don't keep reaping | sizora turmasağızif you all don't keep reaping | alaora turmasalaif they don't keep reaping |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menora tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of reaping | senora tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of reaping | olora tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of reaping | bizora tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of reaping | sizora tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of reaping | alaora tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of reaping |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menormay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not reaping (emphatic) | senormay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not reaping (emphatic) | olormay tura bolmazhe must keep on not reaping (emphatic) | bizormay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not reaping (emphatic) | sizormay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not reaping (emphatic) | alaormay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not reaping (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menormay turamaI keep on not reaping | senormay turasayou keep on not reaping | olormay turadıhe keeps on not reaping | bizormay turabızwe keep on not reaping | sizormay turasızyou all keep on not reaping | alaormay turadılathey keep on not reaping |
| Progressive — double negation | menormay turmaymaI am not keeping on not reaping | senormay turmaysayou are not keeping on not reaping | olormay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not reaping | bizormay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not reaping | sizormay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not reaping | alaormay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not reaping |
| Progressive — double negation | menormay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not reaping? | senormay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not reaping? | olormay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not reaping? | bizormay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not reaping? | sizormay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not reaping? | alaormay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not reaping? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menorğan bolmazmaI can't have reaped | senorğan bolmazsayou can't have reaped | olorğan bolmazhe can't have reaped | bizorğan bolmazbızwe can't have reaped | sizorğan bolmazsızyou all can't have reaped | alaorğan bolmazlathey can't have reaped |
| Inference — double negation | menormağan bolmazmaI must have reaped (emphatic) | senormağan bolmazsayou must have reaped (emphatic) | olormağan bolmazhe must have reaped (emphatic) | bizormağan bolmazbızwe must have reaped (emphatic) | sizormağan bolmazsızyou all must have reaped (emphatic) | alaormağan bolmazlathey must have reaped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menorğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had reaped | senorğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had reaped | olorğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had reaped | bizorğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had reaped | sizorğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had reaped | alaorğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had reaped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menormağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't reaped | senormağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't reaped | olormağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't reaped | bizormağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't reaped | sizormağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't reaped | alaormağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't reaped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menorluq bolmazmaI can't be going to reap | senorluq bolmazsayou can't be going to reap | olorluq bolmazhe can't be going to reap | bizorluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to reap | sizorluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to reap | alaorluq bolmazlathey can't be going to reap |
| Inference, future — double negation | menormazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to reap (emphatic) | senormazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to reap (emphatic) | olormazlıq bolmazhe must be going to reap (emphatic) | bizormazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to reap (emphatic) | sizormazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to reap (emphatic) | alaormazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to reap (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menorluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to reap | senorluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to reap | olorluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to reap | bizorluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to reap | sizorluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to reap | alaorluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to reap |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menormazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to reap | senormazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to reap | olormazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to reap | bizormazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to reap | sizormazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to reap | alaormazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to reap |