oquturğa
/oquturʁa/
1. teach, instruct — The subject taught is usually in the ablative, as in orus tilden oquturğa.
- sabiyleni oquturğa — to teach children
- Orus tilden oquturğa — to teach Russian
- institutda oquturğa — to teach at the institute
- ol şkolda sabiyleni oqutadı — he teaches children at the school
- ustaz bizni oqutadı — the teacher teaches us
- egeçim a İŋiliz tilden oqutadı — my sister, though, teaches English
2. make someone read something, have someone read
- qağıtnı oquturğa — to make someone read the letter
- eski jazmalanı oqut — have them read the old writings
- ustaz jaşçıqğa kitabnı oqutdu — the teacher made the boy read the book
- men aŋa nazmunu oqutdum — I made him read the poem
Conjugation
Common forms
- oqutadıhe is teaching
- oqutduhe taught
- oquthandıhe has taught
- oquturhe will teach
- oquturuqduhe is going to teach
- oquta edihe was teaching
- oqutsaif he teaches
- oqut!teach!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoqutamaI am teaching | senoqutasayou are teaching | oloqutadıhe is teaching | bizoqutabızwe are teaching | sizoqutasızyou all are teaching | alaoqutadılathey are teaching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoqutmaymaI am not teaching | senoqutmaysayou are not teaching | oloqutmaydıhe is not teaching | bizoqutmaybızwe are not teaching | sizoqutmaysızyou all are not teaching | alaoqutmaydılathey are not teaching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoqutamamı? oqutamıma?am I teaching? | senoqutamısa?are you teaching? | oloqutamıdı?is he teaching? | bizoqutabızmı? oqutamıbız?are we teaching? | sizoqutamısız?are you all teaching? | alaoqutamıdıla?are they teaching? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoqutmaymamı? oqutmaymıma?aren't I teaching? | senoqutmaymısa?aren't you teaching? | oloqutmaymıdı?isn't he teaching? | bizoqutmaybızmı? oqutmaymıbız?aren't we teaching? | sizoqutmaymısız?aren't you all teaching? | alaoqutmaymıdıla?aren't they teaching? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoqutuwçanmaI usually teach | senoqutuwçansayou usually teach | oloqutuwçandıhe usually teaches | bizoqutuwçanbızwe usually teach | sizoqutuwçansızyou all usually teach | alaoqutuwçandılathey usually teach |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoqutmawçanmaI usually don't teach | senoqutmawçansayou usually don't teach | oloqutmawçandıhe usually doesn't teach | bizoqutmawçanbızwe usually don't teach | sizoqutmawçansızyou all usually don't teach | alaoqutmawçandılathey usually don't teach |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoqutuwçanmamı? oqutuwçanmıma?do I usually teach? | senoqutuwçanmısa?do you usually teach? | oloqutuwçanmıdı?does he usually teach? | bizoqutuwçanbızmı? oqutuwçanmıbız?do we usually teach? | sizoqutuwçanmısız?do you all usually teach? | alaoqutuwçanmıdıla?do they usually teach? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoqutmawçanmamı? oqutmawçanmıma?do I usually not teach? | senoqutmawçanmısa?do you usually not teach? | oloqutmawçanmıdı?does he usually not teach? | bizoqutmawçanbızmı? oqutmawçanmıbız?do we usually not teach? | sizoqutmawçanmısız?do you all usually not teach? | alaoqutmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not teach? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oloqutubduhe has taught and remains so | alaoqutubdulathey have taught and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oloqutubmudu?has he taught? | alaoqutubmudula?have they taught? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoqutub turamaI keep teaching | senoqutub turasayou keep teaching | oloqutub turadıhe keeps teaching | bizoqutub turabızwe keep teaching | sizoqutub turasızyou all keep teaching | alaoqutub turadılathey keep teaching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoqutub turmaymaI don't keep teaching | senoqutub turmaysayou don't keep teaching | oloqutub turmaydıhe doesn't keep teaching | bizoqutub turmaybızwe don't keep teaching | sizoqutub turmaysızyou all don't keep teaching | alaoqutub turmaydılathey don't keep teaching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoqutub turamamı? oqutub turamıma?do I keep teaching? | senoqutub turamısa?do you keep teaching? | oloqutub turamıdı?does he keep teaching? | bizoqutub turabızmı? oqutub turamıbız?do we keep teaching? | sizoqutub turamısız?do you all keep teaching? | alaoqutub turamıdıla?do they keep teaching? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoqutub turmaymamı? oqutub turmaymıma?don't I keep teaching? | senoqutub turmaymısa?don't you keep teaching? | oloqutub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep teaching? | bizoqutub turmaybızmı? oqutub turmaymıbız?don't we keep teaching? | sizoqutub turmaymısız?don't you all keep teaching? | alaoqutub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep teaching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoquta turamaI am in the middle of teaching | senoquta turasayou are in the middle of teaching | oloquta turadıhe is in the middle of teaching | bizoquta turabızwe are in the middle of teaching | sizoquta turasızyou all are in the middle of teaching | alaoquta turadılathey are in the middle of teaching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoquta turmaymaI am not in the middle of teaching | senoquta turmaysayou are not in the middle of teaching | oloquta turmaydıhe is not in the middle of teaching | bizoquta turmaybızwe are not in the middle of teaching | sizoquta turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of teaching | alaoquta turmaydılathey are not in the middle of teaching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoquta turamamı? oquta turamıma?am I in the middle of teaching? | senoquta turamısa?are you in the middle of teaching? | oloquta turamıdı?is he in the middle of teaching? | bizoquta turabızmı? oquta turamıbız?are we in the middle of teaching? | sizoquta turamısız?are you all in the middle of teaching? | alaoquta turamıdıla?are they in the middle of teaching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoquta turmaymamı? oquta turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of teaching? | senoquta turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of teaching? | oloquta turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of teaching? | bizoquta turmaybızmı? oquta turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of teaching? | sizoquta turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of teaching? | alaoquta turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of teaching? |
| Simple past (definite) | menoqutdumI taught | senoqutduŋyou taught | oloqutduhe taught | bizoqutduqwe taught | sizoqutduğuzyou all taught | alaoqutdulathey taught |
| Simple past (definite) | menoqutmadımI didn't teach | senoqutmadıŋyou didn't teach | oloqutmadıhe didn't teach | bizoqutmadıqwe didn't teach | sizoqutmadığızyou all didn't teach | alaoqutmadılathey didn't teach |
| Simple past (definite) | menoqutdummu?did I teach? | senoqutduŋmu?did you teach? | oloqutdumu?did he teach? | bizoqutduqmu?did we teach? | sizoqutduğuzmu?did you all teach? | alaoqutdulamı?did they teach? |
| Simple past (definite) | menoqutmadımmı?didn't I teach? | senoqutmadıŋmı?didn't you teach? | oloqutmadımı?didn't he teach? | bizoqutmadıqmı?didn't we teach? | sizoqutmadığızmı?didn't you all teach? | alaoqutmadılamı?didn't they teach? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoquthanmaI have taught | senoquthansayou have taught | oloquthandıhe has taught | bizoquthanbızwe have taught | sizoquthansızyou all have taught | alaoquthandılathey have taught |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoqutmağanmaI haven't taught | senoqutmağansayou haven't taught | oloqutmağandıhe hasn't taught | bizoqutmağanbızwe haven't taught | sizoqutmağansızyou all haven't taught | alaoqutmağandılathey haven't taught |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoquthanmamı? oquthanmıma?have I taught? | senoquthanmısa?have you taught? | oloquthanmıdı?has he taught? | bizoquthanbızmı? oquthanmıbız?have we taught? | sizoquthanmısız?have you all taught? | alaoquthanmıdıla?have they taught? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoqutmağanmamı? oqutmağanmıma?haven't I taught? | senoqutmağanmısa?haven't you taught? | oloqutmağanmıdı?hasn't he taught? | bizoqutmağanbızmı? oqutmağanmıbız?haven't we taught? | sizoqutmağanmısız?haven't you all taught? | alaoqutmağanmıdıla?haven't they taught? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menoqutub turdumI kept teaching | senoqutub turduŋyou kept teaching | oloqutub turduhe kept teaching | bizoqutub turduqwe kept teaching | sizoqutub turduğuzyou all kept teaching | alaoqutub turdulathey kept teaching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menoqutub turmadımI didn't keep teaching | senoqutub turmadıŋyou didn't keep teaching | oloqutub turmadıhe didn't keep teaching | bizoqutub turmadıqwe didn't keep teaching | sizoqutub turmadığızyou all didn't keep teaching | alaoqutub turmadılathey didn't keep teaching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoquturmaI will teach | senoqutursayou will teach | oloquturhe will teach | bizoquturbuzwe will teach | sizoqutursuzyou all will teach | alaoquturlathey will teach |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoqutmazmaI won't teach | senoqutmazsayou won't teach | oloqutmazhe won't teach | bizoqutmazbızwe won't teach | sizoqutmazsızyou all won't teach | alaoqutmazlathey won't teach |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoquturmamı? oquturmuma?will I teach? | senoquturmusa?will you teach? | oloquturmu?will he teach? | bizoquturbuzmu? oquturmubuz?will we teach? | sizoquturmusuz?will you all teach? | alaoquturlamı? oquturmula?will they teach? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoqutmazmamı? oqutmazmıma?won't I teach? | senoqutmazmısa?won't you teach? | oloqutmazmı?won't he teach? | bizoqutmazbızmı? oqutmazmıbız?won't we teach? | sizoqutmazmısız?won't you all teach? | alaoqutmazlamı? oqutmazmıla?won't they teach? |
| Definite future (future II) | menoquturuqmaI am going to teach | senoquturuqsayou are going to teach | oloquturuqduhe is going to teach | bizoquturuqbuzwe are going to teach | sizoquturuqsuzyou all are going to teach | alaoquturuqdulathey are going to teach |
| Definite future (future II) | menoquturuq tülmeI am not going to teach | senoquturuq tülseyou are not going to teach | oloquturuq tüldühe is not going to teach | bizoquturuq tülbüzwe are not going to teach | sizoquturuq tülsüzyou all are not going to teach | alaoquturuq tüldülethey are not going to teach |
| Definite future (future II) | menoquturuqmamı? oquturuqmuma?am I going to teach? | senoquturuqmusa?are you going to teach? | oloquturuqmudu?is he going to teach? | bizoquturuqbuzmu? oquturuqmubuz?are we going to teach? | sizoquturuqmusuz?are you all going to teach? | alaoquturuqmudula?are they going to teach? |
| Definite future (future II) | menoquturuq tülmüme?aren't I going to teach? | senoquturuq tülmüse?aren't you going to teach? | oloquturuq tülmüdü?isn't he going to teach? | bizoquturuq tülmübüz?aren't we going to teach? | sizoquturuq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to teach? | alaoquturuq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to teach? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menoquthan edimoquthanemI had taught | senoquthan ediŋoquthaneŋyou had taught | oloquthan edioquthanedhe had taught | bizoquthan edikoquthanekwe had taught | sizoquthan edigizoquthanegizyou all had taught | alaoquthan edileoquthanellethey had taught |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menoqutmağan edimoqutmağanemI hadn't taught | senoqutmağan ediŋoqutmağaneŋyou hadn't taught | oloqutmağan edioqutmağanedhe hadn't taught | bizoqutmağan edikoqutmağanekwe hadn't taught | sizoqutmağan edigizoqutmağanegizyou all hadn't taught | alaoqutmağan edileoqutmağanellethey hadn't taught |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menoquta edimoqutaemI was teaching | senoquta ediŋoqutaeŋyou were teaching | oloquta edioqutaedhe was teaching | bizoquta edikoqutaekwe were teaching | sizoquta edigizoqutaegizyou all were teaching | alaoquta edileoqutaellethey were teaching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menoqutmay edimoqutmayemI wasn't teaching | senoqutmay ediŋoqutmayeŋyou weren't teaching | oloqutmay edioqutmayedhe wasn't teaching | bizoqutmay edikoqutmayekwe weren't teaching | sizoqutmay edigizoqutmayegizyou all weren't teaching | alaoqutmay edileoqutmayellethey weren't teaching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menoqutuwçan edimoqutuwçanemI used to teach | senoqutuwçan ediŋoqutuwçaneŋyou used to teach | oloqutuwçan edioqutuwçanedhe used to teach | bizoqutuwçan edikoqutuwçanekwe used to teach | sizoqutuwçan edigizoqutuwçanegizyou all used to teach | alaoqutuwçan edileoqutuwçanellethey used to teach |
| Habitual past (used to) | menoqutmawçan edimoqutmawçanemI didn't use to teach | senoqutmawçan ediŋoqutmawçaneŋyou didn't use to teach | oloqutmawçan edioqutmawçanedhe didn't use to teach | bizoqutmawçan edikoqutmawçanekwe didn't use to teach | sizoqutmawçan edigizoqutmawçanegizyou all didn't use to teach | alaoqutmawçan edileoqutmawçanellethey didn't use to teach |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oloqutub edihe had taught and remained so | alaoqutub edilethey had taught and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oloqutub tül edihe hadn't taught | alaoqutub tül edilethey hadn't taught | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menoqutub tura edimoqutub turaemI had kept teaching | senoqutub tura ediŋoqutub turaeŋyou had kept teaching | oloqutub tura edioqutub turaedhe had kept teaching | bizoqutub tura edikoqutub turaekwe had kept teaching | sizoqutub tura edigizoqutub turaegizyou all had kept teaching | alaoqutub tura edileoqutub turaellethey had kept teaching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menoqutub turmay edimoqutub turmayemI hadn't kept teaching | senoqutub turmay ediŋoqutub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept teaching | oloqutub turmay edioqutub turmayedhe hadn't kept teaching | bizoqutub turmay edikoqutub turmayekwe hadn't kept teaching | sizoqutub turmay edigizoqutub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept teaching | alaoqutub turmay edileoqutub turmayellethey hadn't kept teaching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menoquta tura edimoquta turaemI was in the middle of teaching | senoquta tura ediŋoquta turaeŋyou were in the middle of teaching | oloquta tura edioquta turaedhe was in the middle of teaching | bizoquta tura edikoquta turaekwe were in the middle of teaching | sizoquta tura edigizoquta turaegizyou all were in the middle of teaching | alaoquta tura edileoquta turaellethey were in the middle of teaching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menoquta turmay edimoquta turmayemI wasn't in the middle of teaching | senoquta turmay ediŋoquta turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of teaching | oloquta turmay edioquta turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of teaching | bizoquta turmay edikoquta turmayekwe weren't in the middle of teaching | sizoquta turmay edigizoquta turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of teaching | alaoquta turmay edileoquta turmayellethey weren't in the middle of teaching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menoqutur edimoqutur emI would teach | senoqutur ediŋoqutur eŋyou would teach | oloqutur edioqutur edhe would teach | bizoqutur edikoqutur ekwe would teach | sizoqutur edigizoqutur egizyou all would teach | alaoqutur edileoqutur ellethey would teach |
| Conditional result (would) | menoqutmaz edimoqutmaz emI wouldn't teach | senoqutmaz ediŋoqutmaz eŋyou wouldn't teach | oloqutmaz edioqutmaz edhe wouldn't teach | bizoqutmaz edikoqutmaz ekwe wouldn't teach | sizoqutmaz edigizoqutmaz egizyou all wouldn't teach | alaoqutmaz edileoqutmaz ellethey wouldn't teach |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menoquturuq edimoquturuq emI would have taught | senoquturuq ediŋoquturuq eŋyou would have taught | oloquturuq edioquturuq edhe would have taught | bizoquturuq edikoquturuq ekwe would have taught | sizoquturuq edigizoquturuq egizyou all would have taught | alaoquturuq edileoquturuq ellethey would have taught |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menoquturuq tül edimoquturuq tül emI wouldn't have taught | senoquturuq tül ediŋoquturuq tül eŋyou wouldn't have taught | oloquturuq tül edioquturuq tül edhe wouldn't have taught | bizoquturuq tül edikoquturuq tül ekwe wouldn't have taught | sizoquturuq tül edigizoquturuq tül egizyou all wouldn't have taught | alaoquturuq tül edileoquturuq tül ellethey wouldn't have taught |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menoqutsamif I teach | senoqutsaŋif you teach | oloqutsaif he teaches | bizoqutsaqif we teach | sizoqutsağızif you all teach | alaoqutsalaif they teach |
| Conditional | menoqutmasamif I don't teach | senoqutmasaŋif you don't teach | oloqutmasaif he doesn't teach | bizoqutmasaqif we don't teach | sizoqutmasağızif you all don't teach | alaoqutmasalaif they don't teach |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menoquta esemif I am teaching | senoquta eseŋif you are teaching | oloquta eseif he is teaching | bizoquta esekif we are teaching | sizoquta esegizif you all are teaching | alaoquta eseleif they are teaching |
| Conditional, present real | menoqutmay esemif I am not teaching | senoqutmay eseŋif you are not teaching | oloqutmay eseif he is not teaching | bizoqutmay esekif we are not teaching | sizoqutmay esegizif you all are not teaching | alaoqutmay eseleif they are not teaching |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menoqutsam edioqutsam edif only I taught | senoqutsaŋ edioqutsaŋ edif only you taught | oloqutsa edioqutsaedif only he taught | bizoqutsaq edioqutsaq edif only we taught | sizoqutsağız edioqutsağız edif only you all taught | alaoqutsala edioqutsalaedif only they taught |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menoqutmasam edioqutmasam edif only I didn't teach | senoqutmasaŋ edioqutmasaŋ edif only you didn't teach | oloqutmasa edioqutmasaedif only he didn't teach | bizoqutmasaq edioqutmasaq edif only we didn't teach | sizoqutmasağız edioqutmasağız edif only you all didn't teach | alaoqutmasala edioqutmasalaedif only they didn't teach |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menoqutub tursamif I carry on teaching | senoqutub tursaŋif you carry on teaching | oloqutub tursaif he carries on teaching | bizoqutub tursaqif we carry on teaching | sizoqutub tursağızif you all carry on teaching | alaoqutub tursalaif they carry on teaching |
| Durative conditional | menoqutub turmasamif I don't carry on teaching | senoqutub turmasaŋif you don't carry on teaching | oloqutub turmasaif he doesn't carry on teaching | bizoqutub turmasaqif we don't carry on teaching | sizoqutub turmasağızif you all don't carry on teaching | alaoqutub turmasalaif they don't carry on teaching |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menoqutub tura esemif I have kept teaching | senoqutub tura eseŋif you have kept teaching | oloqutub tura eseif he has kept teaching | bizoqutub tura esekif we have kept teaching | sizoqutub tura esegizif you all have kept teaching | alaoqutub tura eseleif they have kept teaching |
| Durative conditional, present real | menoqutub turmay esemif I haven't kept teaching | senoqutub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept teaching | oloqutub turmay eseif he hasn't kept teaching | bizoqutub turmay esekif we haven't kept teaching | sizoqutub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept teaching | alaoqutub turmay eseleif they haven't kept teaching |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menoquta tursamif I keep teaching | senoquta tursaŋif you keep teaching | oloquta tursaif he keeps teaching | bizoquta tursaqif we keep teaching | sizoquta tursağızif you all keep teaching | alaoquta tursalaif they keep teaching |
| Progressive conditional | menoqutmay tursamif I keep on not teaching | senoqutmay tursaŋif you keep on not teaching | oloqutmay tursaif he keeps on not teaching | bizoqutmay tursaqif we keep on not teaching | sizoqutmay tursağızif you all keep on not teaching | alaoqutmay tursalaif they keep on not teaching |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menoquta tura esemif I am in the middle of teaching | senoquta tura eseŋif you are in the middle of teaching | oloquta tura eseif he is in the middle of teaching | bizoquta tura esekif we are in the middle of teaching | sizoquta tura esegizif you all are in the middle of teaching | alaoquta tura eseleif they are in the middle of teaching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menoqutmay tura esemif I keep on not teaching | senoqutmay tura eseŋif you keep on not teaching | oloqutmay tura eseif he keeps on not teaching | bizoqutmay tura esekif we keep on not teaching | sizoqutmay tura esegizif you all keep on not teaching | alaoqutmay tura eseleif they keep on not teaching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menoqutdum esemif I taught | senoqutduŋ eseŋif you taught | oloqutdu eseif he taught | bizoqutduq esekif we taught | sizoqutduğuz esegizif you all taught | alaoqutdula eseleif they taught |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menoqutmadım esemif I didn't teach | senoqutmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't teach | oloqutmadı eseif he didn't teach | bizoqutmadıq esekif we didn't teach | sizoqutmadığız esegizif you all didn't teach | alaoqutmadıla eseleif they didn't teach |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menoquthan esemif I did teach (indeed) | senoquthan eseŋif you did teach (indeed) | oloquthan eseif he did teach (indeed) | bizoquthan esekif we did teach (indeed) | sizoquthan esegizif you all did teach (indeed) | alaoquthan eseleif they did teach (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menoqutmağan esemif I didn't teach (indeed) | senoqutmağan eseŋif you didn't teach (indeed) | oloqutmağan eseif he didn't teach (indeed) | bizoqutmağan esekif we didn't teach (indeed) | sizoqutmağan esegizif you all didn't teach (indeed) | alaoqutmağan eseleif they didn't teach (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menoquthan bolsamif I had taught | senoquthan bolsaŋif you had taught | oloquthan bolsaif he had taught | bizoquthan bolsaqif we had taught | sizoquthan bolsağızif you all had taught | alaoquthan bolsalaif they had taught |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menoqutmağan bolsamif I hadn't taught | senoqutmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't taught | oloqutmağan bolsaif he hadn't taught | bizoqutmağan bolsaqif we hadn't taught | sizoqutmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't taught | alaoqutmağan bolsalaif they hadn't taught |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menoquthan bolsam edioquthan bolsam edif only I had taught | senoquthan bolsaŋ edioquthan bolsaŋ edif only you had taught | oloquthan bolsa edioquthan bolsaedif only he had taught | bizoquthan bolsaq edioquthan bolsaq edif only we had taught | sizoquthan bolsağız edioquthan bolsağız edif only you all had taught | alaoquthan bolsala edioquthan bolsalaedif only they had taught |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menoqutmağan bolsam edioqutmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't taught | senoqutmağan bolsaŋ edioqutmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't taught | oloqutmağan bolsa edioqutmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't taught | bizoqutmağan bolsaq edioqutmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't taught | sizoqutmağan bolsağız edioqutmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't taught | alaoqutmağan bolsala edioqutmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't taught |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menoqutur esemif I will teach | senoqutur eseŋif you will teach | oloqutur eseif he will teach | bizoqutur esekif we will teach | sizoqutur esegizif you all will teach | alaoqutur eseleif they will teach |
| Conditional, aorist | menoqutmaz esemif I won't teach | senoqutmaz eseŋif you won't teach | oloqutmaz eseif he won't teach | bizoqutmaz esekif we won't teach | sizoqutmaz esegizif you all won't teach | alaoqutmaz eseleif they won't teach |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menoquturuq esemif I am going to teach | senoquturuq eseŋif you are going to teach | oloquturuq eseif he is going to teach | bizoquturuq esekif we are going to teach | sizoquturuq esegizif you all are going to teach | alaoquturuq eseleif they are going to teach |
| Conditional, future | menoquturuq tül esemif I am not going to teach | senoquturuq tül eseŋif you are not going to teach | oloquturuq tül eseif he is not going to teach | bizoquturuq tül esekif we are not going to teach | sizoquturuq tül esegizif you all are not going to teach | alaoquturuq tül eseleif they are not going to teach |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menoquturuq bolsamif I were going to teach | senoquturuq bolsaŋif you were going to teach | oloquturuq bolsaif he were going to teach | bizoquturuq bolsaqif we were going to teach | sizoquturuq bolsağızif you all were going to teach | alaoquturuq bolsalaif they were going to teach |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menoqutmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to teach | senoqutmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to teach | oloqutmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to teach | bizoqutmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to teach | sizoqutmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to teach | alaoqutmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to teach |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso oqutduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menoquta bolurmaI must be teaching | senoquta bolursayou must be teaching | oloquta bolurhe must be teaching | bizoquta bolurbuzwe must be teaching | sizoquta bolursuzyou all must be teaching | alaoquta bolurlathey must be teaching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menoqutmay bolurmaI must not be teaching | senoqutmay bolursayou must not be teaching | oloqutmay bolurhe must not be teaching | bizoqutmay bolurbuzwe must not be teaching | sizoqutmay bolursuzyou all must not be teaching | alaoqutmay bolurlathey must not be teaching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menoquta tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of teaching | senoquta tura bolursayou must be in the middle of teaching | oloquta tura bolurhe must be in the middle of teaching | bizoquta tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of teaching | sizoquta tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of teaching | alaoquta tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of teaching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menoqutmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not teaching | senoqutmay tura bolursayou must keep on not teaching | oloqutmay tura bolurhe must keep on not teaching | bizoqutmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not teaching | sizoqutmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not teaching | alaoqutmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not teaching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menoquthan bolurmaI must have taught | senoquthan bolursayou must have taught | oloquthan bolurhe must have taught | bizoquthan bolurbuzwe must have taught | sizoquthan bolursuzyou all must have taught | alaoquthan bolurlathey must have taught |
| Inference (must have) | menoqutmağan bolurmaI must not have taught | senoqutmağan bolursayou must not have taught | oloqutmağan bolurhe must not have taught | bizoqutmağan bolurbuzwe must not have taught | sizoqutmağan bolursuzyou all must not have taught | alaoqutmağan bolurlathey must not have taught |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menoquturuq bolurmaI must be going to teach | senoquturuq bolursayou must be going to teach | oloquturuq bolurhe must be going to teach | bizoquturuq bolurbuzwe must be going to teach | sizoquturuq bolursuzyou all must be going to teach | alaoquturuq bolurlathey must be going to teach |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menoqutmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to teach | senoqutmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to teach | oloqutmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to teach | bizoqutmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to teach | sizoqutmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to teach | alaoqutmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to teach |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menoqutayımlet me teach | senoqut!teach! | oloqutsunlet him teach | bizoqutayıqlet's teach | sizoqutuğuz!teach, you all! | alaoqutsunlalet them teach |
| Commands & suggestions | menoqutmayımlet me not teach | senoqutma!don't teach! | oloqutmasınlet him not teach | bizoqutmayıqlet's not teach | sizoqutmağız!don't teach, you all! | alaoqutmasınlalet them not teach |
| Commands & suggestions | menoqutayımmı?shall I teach? | oloqutsunmu?should he teach? | bizoqutayıqmı?shall we teach? | alaoqutsunlamı?should they teach? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menoqutmayımmı?shall I not teach? | oloqutmasınmı?should he not teach? | bizoqutmayıqmı?shall we not teach? | alaoqutmasınlamı?should they not teach? | ||
| Requests | senoqutçu2oqutçunplease teach | oloqutsunçudo let him teach | sizoqutçuğuzplease teach (plural/polite) | alaoqutsunlaçıdo let them teach | ||
| Requests | senoqutmaçı2oqutmaçınplease don't teach | oloqutmasınçıdo let him not teach | sizoqutmaçığızplease don't teach (plural/polite) | alaoqutmasınlaçıdo let them not teach | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senoquthunoquthumay you teach | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senoqutmağınoqutmağımay you not teach | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menoquthay edim oqutha edimwould that I taught | senoquthay ediŋ oqutha ediŋwould that you taught | oloquthay edi oqutha ediwould that he taught | bizoquthay edik oqutha edikwould that we taught | sizoquthay edigiz oqutha edigizwould that you all taught | alaoquthay edile oqutha edilewould that they taught |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menoqutmağay edim oqutmağa edimwould that I did not teach | senoqutmağay ediŋ oqutmağa ediŋwould that you did not teach | oloqutmağay edi oqutmağa ediwould that he did not teach | bizoqutmağay edik oqutmağa edikwould that we did not teach | sizoqutmağay edigiz oqutmağa edigizwould that you all did not teach | alaoqutmağay edile oqutmağa edilewould that they did not teach |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menoqutmağa qoyayımoqutma qoyayımlet me allow someone to teach | senoqutmağa qoy!oqutma qoy!let someone teach! | oloqutmağa qoysunoqutma qoysunlet him allow someone to teach | bizoqutmağa qoyayıqoqutma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to teach | sizoqutmağa qoyuğuz!oqutma qoyuğuz!let someone teach, you all! | alaoqutmağa qoysunlaoqutma qoysunlalet them allow someone to teach |
| Let someone… (commands) | menoqutmağa qoymayımoqutma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to teach | senoqutmağa qoyma!oqutma qoyma!don't let someone teach! | oloqutmağa qoymasınoqutma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to teach | bizoqutmağa qoymayıqoqutma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to teach | sizoqutmağa qoymağız!oqutma qoymağız!don't let someone teach, you all! | alaoqutmağa qoymasınlaoqutma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to teach |
| Let someone… (commands) | menoqutmağa qoyayımmı?oqutma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to teach? | oloqutmağa qoysunmu?oqutma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to teach? | bizoqutmağa qoyayıqmı?oqutma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to teach? | alaoqutmağa qoysunlamı?oqutma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to teach? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menoqutmağa qoymayımmı?oqutma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to teach? | oloqutmağa qoymasınmı?oqutma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to teach? | bizoqutmağa qoymayıqmı?oqutma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to teach? | alaoqutmağa qoymasınlamı?oqutma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to teach? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menoqutmağa qoyamaoqutma qoyamaI allow someone to teach | senoqutmağa qoyasaoqutma qoyasayou allow someone to teach | oloqutmağa qoyadıoqutma qoyadıhe allows someone to teach | bizoqutmağa qoyabızoqutma qoyabızwe allow someone to teach | sizoqutmağa qoyasızoqutma qoyasızyou all allow someone to teach | alaoqutmağa qoyadılaoqutma qoyadılathey allow someone to teach |
| Let someone… (present) | menoqutmağa qoymaymaoqutma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to teach | senoqutmağa qoymaysaoqutma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to teach | oloqutmağa qoymaydıoqutma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to teach | bizoqutmağa qoymaybızoqutma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to teach | sizoqutmağa qoymaysızoqutma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to teach | alaoqutmağa qoymaydılaoqutma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to teach |
| Let someone… (present) | menoqutmağa qoyamamı?oqutma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to teach? | senoqutmağa qoyamısa?oqutma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to teach? | oloqutmağa qoyamıdı?oqutma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to teach? | bizoqutmağa qoyabızmı?oqutma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to teach? | sizoqutmağa qoyamısız?oqutma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to teach? | alaoqutmağa qoyamıdıla?oqutma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to teach? |
| Let someone… (present) | menoqutmağa qoymaymamı?oqutma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to teach? | senoqutmağa qoymaymısa?oqutma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to teach? | oloqutmağa qoymaymıdı?oqutma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to teach? | bizoqutmağa qoymaybızmı?oqutma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to teach? | sizoqutmağa qoymaymısız?oqutma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to teach? | alaoqutmağa qoymaymıdıla?oqutma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to teach? |
| Let someone… (past) | menoqutmağa qoydumoqutma qoydumI allowed someone to teach | senoqutmağa qoyduŋoqutma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to teach | oloqutmağa qoyduoqutma qoyduhe allowed someone to teach | bizoqutmağa qoyduqoqutma qoyduqwe allowed someone to teach | sizoqutmağa qoyduğuzoqutma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to teach | alaoqutmağa qoydulaoqutma qoydulathey allowed someone to teach |
| Let someone… (past) | menoqutmağa qoymadımoqutma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to teach | senoqutmağa qoymadıŋoqutma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to teach | oloqutmağa qoymadıoqutma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to teach | bizoqutmağa qoymadıqoqutma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to teach | sizoqutmağa qoymadığızoqutma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to teach | alaoqutmağa qoymadılaoqutma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to teach |
| Let someone… (past) | menoqutmağa qoydummu?oqutma qoydummu?did I allow someone to teach? | senoqutmağa qoyduŋmu?oqutma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to teach? | oloqutmağa qoydumu?oqutma qoydumu?did he allow someone to teach? | bizoqutmağa qoyduqmu?oqutma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to teach? | sizoqutmağa qoyduğuzmu?oqutma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to teach? | alaoqutmağa qoydulamı?oqutma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to teach? |
| Let someone… (past) | menoqutmağa qoymadımmı?oqutma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to teach? | senoqutmağa qoymadıŋmı?oqutma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to teach? | oloqutmağa qoymadımı?oqutma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to teach? | bizoqutmağa qoymadıqmı?oqutma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to teach? | sizoqutmağa qoymadığızmı?oqutma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to teach? | alaoqutmağa qoymadılamı?oqutma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to teach? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
oqutalırğa be able to teach · oqutalmazğa be unable to teach
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menoqutalamaI can teach | senoqutalasayou can teach | oloqutaladıhe can teach | bizoqutalabızwe can teach | sizoqutalasızyou all can teach | alaoqutaladılathey can teach |
| Ability — present | menoqutalmaymaI can't teach | senoqutalmaysayou can't teach | oloqutalmaydıhe can't teach | bizoqutalmaybızwe can't teach | sizoqutalmaysızyou all can't teach | alaoqutalmaydılathey can't teach |
| Ability — present | menoqutalamamı? oqutalamıma?can I teach? | senoqutalamısa?can you teach? | oloqutalamıdı?can he teach? | bizoqutalabızmı? oqutalamıbız?can we teach? | sizoqutalamısız?can you all teach? | alaoqutalamıdıla?can they teach? |
| Ability — present | menoqutalmaymamı? oqutalmaymıma?can't I teach? | senoqutalmaymısa?can't you teach? | oloqutalmaymıdı?can't he teach? | bizoqutalmaybızmı? oqutalmaymıbız?can't we teach? | sizoqutalmaymısız?can't you all teach? | alaoqutalmaymıdıla?can't they teach? |
| Ability — if I can… | menoqutalsamif I can teach | senoqutalsaŋif you can teach | oloqutalsaif he can teach | bizoqutalsaqif we can teach | sizoqutalsağızif you all can teach | alaoqutalsalaif they can teach |
| Ability — if I can… | menoqutalmasamif I can't teach | senoqutalmasaŋif you can't teach | oloqutalmasaif he can't teach | bizoqutalmasaqif we can't teach | sizoqutalmasağızif you all can't teach | alaoqutalmasalaif they can't teach |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menoqutaldımI was able to teach | senoqutaldıŋyou were able to teach | oloqutaldıhe was able to teach | bizoqutaldıqwe were able to teach | sizoqutaldığızyou all were able to teach | alaoqutaldılathey were able to teach |
| Ability — simple past | menoqutalmadımI could not teach | senoqutalmadıŋyou could not teach | oloqutalmadıhe could not teach | bizoqutalmadıqwe could not teach | sizoqutalmadığızyou all could not teach | alaoqutalmadılathey could not teach |
| Ability — simple past | menoqutaldımmı?was I able to teach? | senoqutaldıŋmı?were you able to teach? | oloqutaldımı?was he able to teach? | bizoqutaldıqmı?were we able to teach? | sizoqutaldığızmı?were you all able to teach? | alaoqutaldılamı?were they able to teach? |
| Ability — simple past | menoqutalmadımmı?couldn't I teach? | senoqutalmadıŋmı?couldn't you teach? | oloqutalmadımı?couldn't he teach? | bizoqutalmadıqmı?couldn't we teach? | sizoqutalmadığızmı?couldn't you all teach? | alaoqutalmadılamı?couldn't they teach? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoqutalğanmaI have been able to teach | senoqutalğansayou have been able to teach | oloqutalğandıhe has been able to teach | bizoqutalğanbızwe have been able to teach | sizoqutalğansızyou all have been able to teach | alaoqutalğandılathey have been able to teach |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoqutalmağanmaI haven't been able to teach | senoqutalmağansayou haven't been able to teach | oloqutalmağandıhe hasn't been able to teach | bizoqutalmağanbızwe haven't been able to teach | sizoqutalmağansızyou all haven't been able to teach | alaoqutalmağandılathey haven't been able to teach |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoqutalğanmamı? oqutalğanmıma?have I been able to teach? | senoqutalğanmısa?have you been able to teach? | oloqutalğanmıdı?has he been able to teach? | bizoqutalğanbızmı? oqutalğanmıbız?have we been able to teach? | sizoqutalğanmısız?have you all been able to teach? | alaoqutalğanmıdıla?have they been able to teach? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoqutalmağanmamı? oqutalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to teach? | senoqutalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to teach? | oloqutalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to teach? | bizoqutalmağanbızmı? oqutalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to teach? | sizoqutalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to teach? | alaoqutalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to teach? |
| Ability — past perfect | menoqutalğan edimoqutalğanemI had been able to teach | senoqutalğan ediŋoqutalğaneŋyou had been able to teach | oloqutalğan edioqutalğanedhe had been able to teach | bizoqutalğan edikoqutalğanekwe had been able to teach | sizoqutalğan edigizoqutalğanegizyou all had been able to teach | alaoqutalğan edileoqutalğanellethey had been able to teach |
| Ability — past perfect | menoqutalmağan edimoqutalmağanemI hadn't been able to teach | senoqutalmağan ediŋoqutalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to teach | oloqutalmağan edioqutalmağanedhe hadn't been able to teach | bizoqutalmağan edikoqutalmağanekwe hadn't been able to teach | sizoqutalmağan edigizoqutalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to teach | alaoqutalmağan edileoqutalmağanellethey hadn't been able to teach |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menoqutala edimoqutalaemI could teach | senoqutala ediŋoqutalaeŋyou could teach | oloqutala edioqutalaedhe could teach | bizoqutala edikoqutalaekwe could teach | sizoqutala edigizoqutalaegizyou all could teach | alaoqutala edileoqutalaellethey could teach |
| Ability — past background | menoqutalmay edimoqutalmayemI could not teach | senoqutalmay ediŋoqutalmayeŋyou could not teach | oloqutalmay edioqutalmayedhe could not teach | bizoqutalmay edikoqutalmayekwe could not teach | sizoqutalmay edigizoqutalmayegizyou all could not teach | alaoqutalmay edileoqutalmayellethey could not teach |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menoqutalırmaI will be able to teach | senoqutalırsayou will be able to teach | oloqutalırhe will be able to teach | bizoqutalırbızwe will be able to teach | sizoqutalırsızyou all will be able to teach | alaoqutalırlathey will be able to teach |
| Ability — future I | menoqutalmazmaI won't be able to teach | senoqutalmazsayou won't be able to teach | oloqutalmazhe won't be able to teach | bizoqutalmazbızwe won't be able to teach | sizoqutalmazsızyou all won't be able to teach | alaoqutalmazlathey won't be able to teach |
| Ability — future I | menoqutalırmamı? oqutalırmıma?will I be able to teach? | senoqutalırmısa?will you be able to teach? | oloqutalırmı?will he be able to teach? | bizoqutalırbızmı? oqutalırmıbız?will we be able to teach? | sizoqutalırmısız?will you all be able to teach? | alaoqutalırlamı? oqutalırmıla?will they be able to teach? |
| Ability — future I | menoqutalmazmamı? oqutalmazmıma?won't I be able to teach? | senoqutalmazmısa?won't you be able to teach? | oloqutalmazmı?won't he be able to teach? | bizoqutalmazbızmı? oqutalmazmıbız?won't we be able to teach? | sizoqutalmazmısız?won't you all be able to teach? | alaoqutalmazlamı? oqutalmazmıla?won't they be able to teach? |
| Ability — future II | menoqutallıqmaI am going to be able to teach | senoqutallıqsayou are going to be able to teach | oloqutallıqdıhe is going to be able to teach | bizoqutallıqbızwe are going to be able to teach | sizoqutallıqsızyou all are going to be able to teach | alaoqutallıqdılathey are going to be able to teach |
| Ability — future II | menoqutallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to teach | senoqutallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to teach | oloqutallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to teach | bizoqutallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to teach | sizoqutallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to teach | alaoqutallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to teach |
| Ability — future II | menoqutallıqmamı? oqutallıqmıma?am I going to be able to teach? | senoqutallıqmısa?are you going to be able to teach? | oloqutallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to teach? | bizoqutallıqbızmı? oqutallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to teach? | sizoqutallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to teach? | alaoqutallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to teach? |
| Ability — future II | menoqutallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to teach? | senoqutallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to teach? | oloqutallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to teach? | bizoqutallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to teach? | sizoqutallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to teach? | alaoqutallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to teach? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menoqutalır edimoqutalır emI would be able to teach | senoqutalır ediŋoqutalır eŋyou would be able to teach | oloqutalır edioqutalır edhe would be able to teach | bizoqutalır edikoqutalır ekwe would be able to teach | sizoqutalır edigizoqutalır egizyou all would be able to teach | alaoqutalır edileoqutalır ellethey would be able to teach |
| Ability — would be able to… | menoqutalmaz edimoqutalmaz emI wouldn't be able to teach | senoqutalmaz ediŋoqutalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to teach | oloqutalmaz edioqutalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to teach | bizoqutalmaz edikoqutalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to teach | sizoqutalmaz edigizoqutalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to teach | alaoqutalmaz edileoqutalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to teach |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senoqutalğınoqutalğımay you be able to teach | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senoqutalmağınoqutalmağımay you not be able to teach | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menoquturğa izleymeI want to teach | senoquturğa izleyseyou want to teach | oloquturğa izleydihe wants to teach | bizoquturğa izleybizwe want to teach | sizoquturğa izleysizyou all want to teach | alaoquturğa izleydilethey want to teach |
| want to | menoquturğa izlemeymeI do not want to teach | senoquturğa izlemeyseyou do not want to teach | oloquturğa izlemeydihe does not want to teach | bizoquturğa izlemeybizwe do not want to teach | sizoquturğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to teach | alaoquturğa izlemeydilethey do not want to teach |
| would like to | menoquturğa süemeI would like to teach | senoquturğa süeseyou would like to teach | oloquturğa süedihe would like to teach | bizoquturğa süebizwe would like to teach | sizoquturğa süesizyou all would like to teach | alaoquturğa süedilethey would like to teach |
| would like to | menoquturğa süymeymeI would not like to teach | senoquturğa süymeyseyou would not like to teach | oloquturğa süymeydihe would not like to teach | bizoquturğa süymeybizwe would not like to teach | sizoquturğa süymeysizyou all would not like to teach | alaoquturğa süymeydilethey would not like to teach |
| hope to | menoquturğa umutlanamaI hope to teach | senoquturğa umutlanasayou hope to teach | oloquturğa umutlanadıhe hopes to teach | bizoquturğa umutlanabızwe hope to teach | sizoquturğa umutlanasızyou all hope to teach | alaoquturğa umutlanadılathey hope to teach |
| hope to | menoquturğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to teach | senoquturğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to teach | oloquturğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to teach | bizoquturğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to teach | sizoquturğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to teach | alaoquturğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to teach |
| be about to | menoquturğa deb turamaI am about to teach | senoquturğa deb turasayou are about to teach | oloquturğa deb turadıhe is about to teach | bizoquturğa deb turabızwe are about to teach | sizoquturğa deb turasızyou all are about to teach | alaoquturğa deb turadılathey are about to teach |
| be about to | menoquturğa deb turmaymaI am not about to teach | senoquturğa deb turmaysayou are not about to teach | oloquturğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to teach | bizoquturğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to teach | sizoquturğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to teach | alaoquturğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to teach |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menoquturğa kerekmeI need to teach | senoquturğa kerekseyou need to teach | oloquturğa kerekdihe needs to teach | bizoquturğa kerekbizwe need to teach | sizoquturğa kereksizyou all need to teach | alaoquturğa kerekdilethey need to teach |
| need to | menoquturğa kerek tülmeI do not need to teach | senoquturğa kerek tülseyou do not need to teach | oloquturğa kerek tüldühe does not need to teach | bizoquturğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to teach | sizoquturğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to teach | alaoquturğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to teach |
| have to | menmenŋe oquturğa tüşediI have to teach | sensenŋe oquturğa tüşediyou have to teach | olaŋa oquturğa tüşedihe has to teach | bizbizge oquturğa tüşediwe have to teach | sizsizge oquturğa tüşediyou all have to teach | alaalağa oquturğa tüşedithey have to teach |
| have to | menmenŋe oquturğa tüşmeydiI do not have to teach | sensenŋe oquturğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to teach | olaŋa oquturğa tüşmeydihe does not have to teach | bizbizge oquturğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to teach | sizsizge oquturğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to teach | alaalağa oquturğa tüşmeydithey do not have to teach |
| be obliged to | menoquturğa borçlumaI am obliged to teach | senoquturğa borçlusayou are obliged to teach | oloquturğa borçluduhe is obliged to teach | bizoquturğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to teach | sizoquturğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to teach | alaoquturğa borçludulathey are obliged to teach |
| be obliged to | menoquturğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to teach | senoquturğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to teach | oloquturğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to teach | bizoquturğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to teach | sizoquturğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to teach | alaoquturğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to teach |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menoquturğa madarım bardıI have a way to teach | senoquturğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to teach | oloquturğa madarı bardıhe has a way to teach | bizoquturğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to teach | sizoquturğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to teach | alaoquturğa madarları bardıthey have a way to teach |
| have a way to | menoquturğa madarım joqduI have no way to teach | senoquturğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to teach | oloquturğa madarı joqduhe has no way to teach | bizoquturğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to teach | sizoquturğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to teach | alaoquturğa madarları joqduthey have no way to teach |
| be free to | menoquturğa erkinligim bardıI am free to teach | senoquturğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to teach | oloquturğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to teach | bizoquturğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to teach | sizoquturğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to teach | alaoquturğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to teach |
| be free to | menoquturğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to teach | senoquturğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to teach | oloquturğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to teach | bizoquturğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to teach | sizoquturğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to teach | alaoquturğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to teach |
| be possible to | menmenŋe oquturğa bolluqduit is possible for me to teach | sensenŋe oquturğa bolluqduit is possible for you to teach | olaŋa oquturğa bolluqduit is possible for him to teach | bizbizge oquturğa bolluqduit is possible for us to teach | sizsizge oquturğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to teach | alaalağa oquturğa bolluqduit is possible for them to teach |
| be possible to | menmenŋe oquturğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to teach | sensenŋe oquturğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to teach | olaŋa oquturğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to teach | bizbizge oquturğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to teach | sizsizge oquturğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to teach | alaalağa oquturğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to teach |
| be ready to | menoquturğa hazırmaI am ready to teach | senoquturğa hazırsayou are ready to teach | oloquturğa hazırdıhe is ready to teach | bizoquturğa hazırbızwe are ready to teach | sizoquturğa hazırsızyou all are ready to teach | alaoquturğa hazırdılathey are ready to teach |
| be ready to | menoquturğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to teach | senoquturğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to teach | oloquturğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to teach | bizoquturğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to teach | sizoquturğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to teach | alaoquturğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to teach |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menoquturğa küreşemeI am trying to teach | senoquturğa küreşeseyou are trying to teach | oloquturğa küreşedihe is trying to teach | bizoquturğa küreşebizwe are trying to teach | sizoquturğa küreşesizyou all are trying to teach | alaoquturğa küreşedilethey are trying to teach |
| try to | menoquturğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to teach | senoquturğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to teach | oloquturğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to teach | bizoquturğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to teach | sizoquturğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to teach | alaoquturğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to teach |
| agree to | menoquturğa unaymaI agree to teach | senoquturğa unaysayou agree to teach | oloquturğa unaydıhe agrees to teach | bizoquturğa unaybızwe agree to teach | sizoquturğa unaysızyou all agree to teach | alaoquturğa unaydılathey agree to teach |
| agree to | menoquturğa unamaymaI refuse to teach | senoquturğa unamaysayou refuse to teach | oloquturğa unamaydıhe refuses to teach | bizoquturğa unamaybızwe refuse to teach | sizoquturğa unamaysızyou all refuse to teach | alaoquturğa unamaydılathey refuse to teach |
| hurry to | menoquturğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to teach | senoquturğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to teach | oloquturğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to teach | bizoquturğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to teach | sizoquturğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to teach | alaoquturğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to teach |
| hurry to | menoquturğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to teach | senoquturğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to teach | oloquturğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to teach | bizoquturğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to teach | sizoquturğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to teach | alaoquturğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to teach |
| be afraid to | menoquturğa qorqamaI am afraid to teach | senoquturğa qorqasayou are afraid to teach | oloquturğa qorqadıhe is afraid to teach | bizoquturğa qorqabızwe are afraid to teach | sizoquturğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to teach | alaoquturğa qorqadılathey are afraid to teach |
| be afraid to | menoquturğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to teach | senoquturğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to teach | oloquturğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to teach | bizoquturğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to teach | sizoquturğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to teach | alaoquturğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to teach |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menoquta bolmazmaI can't be teaching | senoquta bolmazsayou can't be teaching | oloquta bolmazhe can't be teaching | bizoquta bolmazbızwe can't be teaching | sizoquta bolmazsızyou all can't be teaching | alaoquta bolmazlathey can't be teaching |
| Inference, present — double negation | menoqutmay bolmazmaI must be teaching (emphatic) | senoqutmay bolmazsayou must be teaching (emphatic) | oloqutmay bolmazhe must be teaching (emphatic) | bizoqutmay bolmazbızwe must be teaching (emphatic) | sizoqutmay bolmazsızyou all must be teaching (emphatic) | alaoqutmay bolmazlathey must be teaching (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menoquta turmasamif I don't keep teaching | senoquta turmasaŋif you don't keep teaching | oloquta turmasaif he doesn't keep teaching | bizoquta turmasaqif we don't keep teaching | sizoquta turmasağızif you all don't keep teaching | alaoquta turmasalaif they don't keep teaching |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menoquta tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of teaching | senoquta tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of teaching | oloquta tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of teaching | bizoquta tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of teaching | sizoquta tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of teaching | alaoquta tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of teaching |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menoqutmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not teaching (emphatic) | senoqutmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not teaching (emphatic) | oloqutmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not teaching (emphatic) | bizoqutmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not teaching (emphatic) | sizoqutmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not teaching (emphatic) | alaoqutmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not teaching (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menoqutmay turamaI keep on not teaching | senoqutmay turasayou keep on not teaching | oloqutmay turadıhe keeps on not teaching | bizoqutmay turabızwe keep on not teaching | sizoqutmay turasızyou all keep on not teaching | alaoqutmay turadılathey keep on not teaching |
| Progressive — double negation | menoqutmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not teaching | senoqutmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not teaching | oloqutmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not teaching | bizoqutmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not teaching | sizoqutmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not teaching | alaoqutmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not teaching |
| Progressive — double negation | menoqutmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not teaching? | senoqutmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not teaching? | oloqutmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not teaching? | bizoqutmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not teaching? | sizoqutmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not teaching? | alaoqutmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not teaching? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menoquthan bolmazmaI can't have taught | senoquthan bolmazsayou can't have taught | oloquthan bolmazhe can't have taught | bizoquthan bolmazbızwe can't have taught | sizoquthan bolmazsızyou all can't have taught | alaoquthan bolmazlathey can't have taught |
| Inference — double negation | menoqutmağan bolmazmaI must have taught (emphatic) | senoqutmağan bolmazsayou must have taught (emphatic) | oloqutmağan bolmazhe must have taught (emphatic) | bizoqutmağan bolmazbızwe must have taught (emphatic) | sizoqutmağan bolmazsızyou all must have taught (emphatic) | alaoqutmağan bolmazlathey must have taught (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menoquthan bolmasamif it weren't that I had taught | senoquthan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had taught | oloquthan bolmasaif it weren't that he had taught | bizoquthan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had taught | sizoquthan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had taught | alaoquthan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had taught |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menoqutmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't taught | senoqutmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't taught | oloqutmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't taught | bizoqutmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't taught | sizoqutmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't taught | alaoqutmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't taught |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menoquturuq bolmazmaI can't be going to teach | senoquturuq bolmazsayou can't be going to teach | oloquturuq bolmazhe can't be going to teach | bizoquturuq bolmazbızwe can't be going to teach | sizoquturuq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to teach | alaoquturuq bolmazlathey can't be going to teach |
| Inference, future — double negation | menoqutmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to teach (emphatic) | senoqutmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to teach (emphatic) | oloqutmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to teach (emphatic) | bizoqutmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to teach (emphatic) | sizoqutmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to teach (emphatic) | alaoqutmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to teach (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menoquturuq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to teach | senoquturuq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to teach | oloquturuq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to teach | bizoquturuq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to teach | sizoquturuq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to teach | alaoquturuq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to teach |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menoqutmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to teach | senoqutmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to teach | oloqutmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to teach | bizoqutmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to teach | sizoqutmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to teach | alaoqutmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to teach |