külürge
/kylyrɡe/
1. laugh
- sabiyle küledile — the children are laughing
- igi aşhı külürge — to have a good laugh
- külüb ierge — to burst out laughing
- harh etib külürge — to roar with laughter
- ha-ha-ha deb külürge — to laugh ha-ha-ha
- mıyıq tübünden külürge — to laugh under one's mustache
- bir biriŋe qarab külürge — to look at one another and laugh
2. be merry, light up — Said of the eyes or the face. one source
- közleri küledile — his eyes are laughing
- közleri küle — her eyes laughing
- beti külüb turadı — his face is lit up
- qaramı küledi — his look is merry
3. mock, make fun of, jeer at
- adamğa külme — do not mock a person
- sen menŋe nek külese? — why are you making fun of me?
- birewge külüw — laughing at someone
- süymegenleriŋ külmesinle senŋe — may those who dislike you not laugh at you
- seni bizge külür jeriŋ joqdu — you have no grounds to laugh at us
- mahtawluğa aytırla, külkülükge külürle — of the notable they will speak, at the ridiculous they will laugh
4. joke, speak lightly, not be serious
- küle aytama — I am saying it in jest
- külüb aythanma — I said it as a joke
- külüb aytıw — saying something in jest
- külme, kerti ayt — do not joke, tell the truth
Expressions
- Allahnı kölü külmesin — God forbid
- kindigi qathınçı külürge — weak from laughing
- kölü külmesin — no offense
- kölüŋ külürge — reproach oneself
Conjugation
Common forms
- küledihe is laughing
- küldühe laughed
- külgendihe has laughed
- külürhe will laugh
- küllükdühe is going to laugh
- küle edihe was laughing
- külseif he laughs
- kül!laugh!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkülemeI am laughing | senküleseyou are laughing | olküledihe is laughing | bizkülebizwe are laughing | sizkülesizyou all are laughing | alaküledilethey are laughing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkülmeymeI am not laughing | senkülmeyseyou are not laughing | olkülmeydihe is not laughing | bizkülmeybizwe are not laughing | sizkülmeysizyou all are not laughing | alakülmeydilethey are not laughing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkülememi? külemime?am I laughing? | senkülemise?are you laughing? | olkülemidi?is he laughing? | bizkülebizmi? külemibiz?are we laughing? | sizkülemisiz?are you all laughing? | alakülemidile?are they laughing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkülmeymemi? külmeymime?aren't I laughing? | senkülmeymise?aren't you laughing? | olkülmeymidi?isn't he laughing? | bizkülmeybizmi? külmeymibiz?aren't we laughing? | sizkülmeymisiz?aren't you all laughing? | alakülmeymidile?aren't they laughing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkülüwçenmeI usually laugh | senkülüwçenseyou usually laugh | olkülüwçendihe usually laughs | bizkülüwçenbizwe usually laugh | sizkülüwçensizyou all usually laugh | alakülüwçendilethey usually laugh |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkülmewçenmeI usually don't laugh | senkülmewçenseyou usually don't laugh | olkülmewçendihe usually doesn't laugh | bizkülmewçenbizwe usually don't laugh | sizkülmewçensizyou all usually don't laugh | alakülmewçendilethey usually don't laugh |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkülüwçenmemi? külüwçenmime?do I usually laugh? | senkülüwçenmise?do you usually laugh? | olkülüwçenmidi?does he usually laugh? | bizkülüwçenbizmi? külüwçenmibiz?do we usually laugh? | sizkülüwçenmisiz?do you all usually laugh? | alakülüwçenmidile?do they usually laugh? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkülmewçenmemi? külmewçenmime?do I usually not laugh? | senkülmewçenmise?do you usually not laugh? | olkülmewçenmidi?does he usually not laugh? | bizkülmewçenbizmi? külmewçenmibiz?do we usually not laugh? | sizkülmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not laugh? | alakülmewçenmidile?do they usually not laugh? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkülübdühe has laughed and remains so | alakülübdülethey have laughed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkülübmüdü?has he laughed? | alakülübmüdüle?have they laughed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkülüb turamaI keep laughing | senkülüb turasayou keep laughing | olkülüb turadıhe keeps laughing | bizkülüb turabızwe keep laughing | sizkülüb turasızyou all keep laughing | alakülüb turadılathey keep laughing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkülüb turmaymaI don't keep laughing | senkülüb turmaysayou don't keep laughing | olkülüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep laughing | bizkülüb turmaybızwe don't keep laughing | sizkülüb turmaysızyou all don't keep laughing | alakülüb turmaydılathey don't keep laughing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkülüb turamamı? külüb turamıma?do I keep laughing? | senkülüb turamısa?do you keep laughing? | olkülüb turamıdı?does he keep laughing? | bizkülüb turabızmı? külüb turamıbız?do we keep laughing? | sizkülüb turamısız?do you all keep laughing? | alakülüb turamıdıla?do they keep laughing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkülüb turmaymamı? külüb turmaymıma?don't I keep laughing? | senkülüb turmaymısa?don't you keep laughing? | olkülüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep laughing? | bizkülüb turmaybızmı? külüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep laughing? | sizkülüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep laughing? | alakülüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep laughing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküle turamaI am in the middle of laughing | senküle turasayou are in the middle of laughing | olküle turadıhe is in the middle of laughing | bizküle turabızwe are in the middle of laughing | sizküle turasızyou all are in the middle of laughing | alaküle turadılathey are in the middle of laughing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküle turmaymaI am not in the middle of laughing | senküle turmaysayou are not in the middle of laughing | olküle turmaydıhe is not in the middle of laughing | bizküle turmaybızwe are not in the middle of laughing | sizküle turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of laughing | alaküle turmaydılathey are not in the middle of laughing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküle turamamı? küle turamıma?am I in the middle of laughing? | senküle turamısa?are you in the middle of laughing? | olküle turamıdı?is he in the middle of laughing? | bizküle turabızmı? küle turamıbız?are we in the middle of laughing? | sizküle turamısız?are you all in the middle of laughing? | alaküle turamıdıla?are they in the middle of laughing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküle turmaymamı? küle turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of laughing? | senküle turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of laughing? | olküle turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of laughing? | bizküle turmaybızmı? küle turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of laughing? | sizküle turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of laughing? | alaküle turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of laughing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menküldümI laughed | senküldüŋyou laughed | olküldühe laughed | bizküldükwe laughed | sizküldügüzyou all laughed | alaküldülethey laughed |
| Simple past (definite) | menkülmedimI didn't laugh | senkülmediŋyou didn't laugh | olkülmedihe didn't laugh | bizkülmedikwe didn't laugh | sizkülmedigizyou all didn't laugh | alakülmedilethey didn't laugh |
| Simple past (definite) | menküldümmü?did I laugh? | senküldüŋmü?did you laugh? | olküldümü?did he laugh? | bizküldükmü?did we laugh? | sizküldügüzmü?did you all laugh? | alaküldülemi?did they laugh? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkülmedimmi?didn't I laugh? | senkülmediŋmi?didn't you laugh? | olkülmedimi?didn't he laugh? | bizkülmedikmi?didn't we laugh? | sizkülmedigizmi?didn't you all laugh? | alakülmedilemi?didn't they laugh? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkülgenmeI have laughed | senkülgenseyou have laughed | olkülgendihe has laughed | bizkülgenbizwe have laughed | sizkülgensizyou all have laughed | alakülgendilethey have laughed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkülmegenmeI haven't laughed | senkülmegenseyou haven't laughed | olkülmegendihe hasn't laughed | bizkülmegenbizwe haven't laughed | sizkülmegensizyou all haven't laughed | alakülmegendilethey haven't laughed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkülgenmemi? külgenmime?have I laughed? | senkülgenmise?have you laughed? | olkülgenmidi?has he laughed? | bizkülgenbizmi? külgenmibiz?have we laughed? | sizkülgenmisiz?have you all laughed? | alakülgenmidile?have they laughed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkülmegenmemi? külmegenmime?haven't I laughed? | senkülmegenmise?haven't you laughed? | olkülmegenmidi?hasn't he laughed? | bizkülmegenbizmi? külmegenmibiz?haven't we laughed? | sizkülmegenmisiz?haven't you all laughed? | alakülmegenmidile?haven't they laughed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkülüb turdumI kept laughing | senkülüb turduŋyou kept laughing | olkülüb turduhe kept laughing | bizkülüb turduqwe kept laughing | sizkülüb turduğuzyou all kept laughing | alakülüb turdulathey kept laughing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkülüb turmadımI didn't keep laughing | senkülüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep laughing | olkülüb turmadıhe didn't keep laughing | bizkülüb turmadıqwe didn't keep laughing | sizkülüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep laughing | alakülüb turmadılathey didn't keep laughing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkülürmeI will laugh | senkülürseyou will laugh | olkülürhe will laugh | bizkülürbüzwe will laugh | sizkülürsüzyou all will laugh | alakülürlethey will laugh |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkülmezmeI won't laugh | senkülmezseyou won't laugh | olkülmezhe won't laugh | bizkülmezbizwe won't laugh | sizkülmezsizyou all won't laugh | alakülmezlethey won't laugh |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkülürmemi? külürmüme?will I laugh? | senkülürmüse?will you laugh? | olkülürmü?will he laugh? | bizkülürbüzmü? külürmübüz?will we laugh? | sizkülürmüsüz?will you all laugh? | alakülürlemi? külürmüle?will they laugh? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkülmezmemi? külmezmime?won't I laugh? | senkülmezmise?won't you laugh? | olkülmezmi?won't he laugh? | bizkülmezbizmi? külmezmibiz?won't we laugh? | sizkülmezmisiz?won't you all laugh? | alakülmezlemi? külmezmile?won't they laugh? |
| Definite future (future II) | menküllükmeI am going to laugh | senküllükseyou are going to laugh | olküllükdühe is going to laugh | bizküllükbüzwe are going to laugh | sizküllüksüzyou all are going to laugh | alaküllükdülethey are going to laugh |
| Definite future (future II) | menküllük tülmeI am not going to laugh | senküllük tülseyou are not going to laugh | olküllük tüldühe is not going to laugh | bizküllük tülbüzwe are not going to laugh | sizküllük tülsüzyou all are not going to laugh | alaküllük tüldülethey are not going to laugh |
| Definite future (future II) | menküllükmemi? küllükmüme?am I going to laugh? | senküllükmüse?are you going to laugh? | olküllükmüdü?is he going to laugh? | bizküllükbüzmü? küllükmübüz?are we going to laugh? | sizküllükmüsüz?are you all going to laugh? | alaküllükmüdüle?are they going to laugh? |
| Definite future (future II) | menküllük tülmüme?aren't I going to laugh? | senküllük tülmüse?aren't you going to laugh? | olküllük tülmüdü?isn't he going to laugh? | bizküllük tülmübüz?aren't we going to laugh? | sizküllük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to laugh? | alaküllük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to laugh? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkülgen edimkülgenemI had laughed | senkülgen ediŋkülgeneŋyou had laughed | olkülgen edikülgenedhe had laughed | bizkülgen edikkülgenekwe had laughed | sizkülgen edigizkülgenegizyou all had laughed | alakülgen edilekülgenellethey had laughed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkülmegen edimkülmegenemI hadn't laughed | senkülmegen ediŋkülmegeneŋyou hadn't laughed | olkülmegen edikülmegenedhe hadn't laughed | bizkülmegen edikkülmegenekwe hadn't laughed | sizkülmegen edigizkülmegenegizyou all hadn't laughed | alakülmegen edilekülmegenellethey hadn't laughed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menküle edimkülemI was laughing | senküle ediŋküleŋyou were laughing | olküle ediküledhe was laughing | bizküle edikkülekwe were laughing | sizküle edigizkülegizyou all were laughing | alaküle edilekülellethey were laughing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkülmey edimkülmeyemI wasn't laughing | senkülmey ediŋkülmeyeŋyou weren't laughing | olkülmey edikülmeyedhe wasn't laughing | bizkülmey edikkülmeyekwe weren't laughing | sizkülmey edigizkülmeyegizyou all weren't laughing | alakülmey edilekülmeyellethey weren't laughing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkülüwçen edimkülüwçenemI used to laugh | senkülüwçen ediŋkülüwçeneŋyou used to laugh | olkülüwçen edikülüwçenedhe used to laugh | bizkülüwçen edikkülüwçenekwe used to laugh | sizkülüwçen edigizkülüwçenegizyou all used to laugh | alakülüwçen edilekülüwçenellethey used to laugh |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkülmewçen edimkülmewçenemI didn't use to laugh | senkülmewçen ediŋkülmewçeneŋyou didn't use to laugh | olkülmewçen edikülmewçenedhe didn't use to laugh | bizkülmewçen edikkülmewçenekwe didn't use to laugh | sizkülmewçen edigizkülmewçenegizyou all didn't use to laugh | alakülmewçen edilekülmewçenellethey didn't use to laugh |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkülüb edihe had laughed and remained so | alakülüb edilethey had laughed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkülüb tül edihe hadn't laughed | alakülüb tül edilethey hadn't laughed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkülüb tura edimkülüb turaemI had kept laughing | senkülüb tura ediŋkülüb turaeŋyou had kept laughing | olkülüb tura edikülüb turaedhe had kept laughing | bizkülüb tura edikkülüb turaekwe had kept laughing | sizkülüb tura edigizkülüb turaegizyou all had kept laughing | alakülüb tura edilekülüb turaellethey had kept laughing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkülüb turmay edimkülüb turmayemI hadn't kept laughing | senkülüb turmay ediŋkülüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept laughing | olkülüb turmay edikülüb turmayedhe hadn't kept laughing | bizkülüb turmay edikkülüb turmayekwe hadn't kept laughing | sizkülüb turmay edigizkülüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept laughing | alakülüb turmay edilekülüb turmayellethey hadn't kept laughing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menküle tura edimküle turaemI was in the middle of laughing | senküle tura ediŋküle turaeŋyou were in the middle of laughing | olküle tura ediküle turaedhe was in the middle of laughing | bizküle tura edikküle turaekwe were in the middle of laughing | sizküle tura edigizküle turaegizyou all were in the middle of laughing | alaküle tura edileküle turaellethey were in the middle of laughing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menküle turmay edimküle turmayemI wasn't in the middle of laughing | senküle turmay ediŋküle turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of laughing | olküle turmay ediküle turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of laughing | bizküle turmay edikküle turmayekwe weren't in the middle of laughing | sizküle turmay edigizküle turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of laughing | alaküle turmay edileküle turmayellethey weren't in the middle of laughing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menkülür edimkülür emI would laugh | senkülür ediŋkülür eŋyou would laugh | olkülür edikülür edhe would laugh | bizkülür edikkülür ekwe would laugh | sizkülür edigizkülür egizyou all would laugh | alakülür edilekülür ellethey would laugh |
| Conditional result (would) | menkülmez edimkülmez emI wouldn't laugh | senkülmez ediŋkülmez eŋyou wouldn't laugh | olkülmez edikülmez edhe wouldn't laugh | bizkülmez edikkülmez ekwe wouldn't laugh | sizkülmez edigizkülmez egizyou all wouldn't laugh | alakülmez edilekülmez ellethey wouldn't laugh |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menküllük edimküllük emI would have laughed | senküllük ediŋküllük eŋyou would have laughed | olküllük ediküllük edhe would have laughed | bizküllük edikküllük ekwe would have laughed | sizküllük edigizküllük egizyou all would have laughed | alaküllük edileküllük ellethey would have laughed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menküllük tül edimküllük tül emI wouldn't have laughed | senküllük tül ediŋküllük tül eŋyou wouldn't have laughed | olküllük tül ediküllük tül edhe wouldn't have laughed | bizküllük tül edikküllük tül ekwe wouldn't have laughed | sizküllük tül edigizküllük tül egizyou all wouldn't have laughed | alaküllük tül edileküllük tül ellethey wouldn't have laughed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkülsemif I laugh | senkülseŋif you laugh | olkülseif he laughs | bizkülsekif we laugh | sizkülsegizif you all laugh | alakülseleif they laugh |
| Conditional | menkülmesemif I don't laugh | senkülmeseŋif you don't laugh | olkülmeseif he doesn't laugh | bizkülmesekif we don't laugh | sizkülmesegizif you all don't laugh | alakülmeseleif they don't laugh |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menküle esemif I am laughing | senküle eseŋif you are laughing | olküle eseif he is laughing | bizküle esekif we are laughing | sizküle esegizif you all are laughing | alaküle eseleif they are laughing |
| Conditional, present real | menkülmey esemif I am not laughing | senkülmey eseŋif you are not laughing | olkülmey eseif he is not laughing | bizkülmey esekif we are not laughing | sizkülmey esegizif you all are not laughing | alakülmey eseleif they are not laughing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkülsem edikülsem edif only I laughed | senkülseŋ edikülseŋ edif only you laughed | olkülse edikülsedif only he laughed | bizkülsek edikülsek edif only we laughed | sizkülsegiz edikülsegiz edif only you all laughed | alakülsele edikülseledif only they laughed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkülmesem edikülmesem edif only I didn't laugh | senkülmeseŋ edikülmeseŋ edif only you didn't laugh | olkülmese edikülmesedif only he didn't laugh | bizkülmesek edikülmesek edif only we didn't laugh | sizkülmesegiz edikülmesegiz edif only you all didn't laugh | alakülmesele edikülmeseledif only they didn't laugh |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkülüb tursamif I carry on laughing | senkülüb tursaŋif you carry on laughing | olkülüb tursaif he carries on laughing | bizkülüb tursaqif we carry on laughing | sizkülüb tursağızif you all carry on laughing | alakülüb tursalaif they carry on laughing |
| Durative conditional | menkülüb turmasamif I don't carry on laughing | senkülüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on laughing | olkülüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on laughing | bizkülüb turmasaqif we don't carry on laughing | sizkülüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on laughing | alakülüb turmasalaif they don't carry on laughing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkülüb tura esemif I have kept laughing | senkülüb tura eseŋif you have kept laughing | olkülüb tura eseif he has kept laughing | bizkülüb tura esekif we have kept laughing | sizkülüb tura esegizif you all have kept laughing | alakülüb tura eseleif they have kept laughing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkülüb turmay esemif I haven't kept laughing | senkülüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept laughing | olkülüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept laughing | bizkülüb turmay esekif we haven't kept laughing | sizkülüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept laughing | alakülüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept laughing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menküle tursamif I keep laughing | senküle tursaŋif you keep laughing | olküle tursaif he keeps laughing | bizküle tursaqif we keep laughing | sizküle tursağızif you all keep laughing | alaküle tursalaif they keep laughing |
| Progressive conditional | menkülmey tursamif I keep on not laughing | senkülmey tursaŋif you keep on not laughing | olkülmey tursaif he keeps on not laughing | bizkülmey tursaqif we keep on not laughing | sizkülmey tursağızif you all keep on not laughing | alakülmey tursalaif they keep on not laughing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menküle tura esemif I am in the middle of laughing | senküle tura eseŋif you are in the middle of laughing | olküle tura eseif he is in the middle of laughing | bizküle tura esekif we are in the middle of laughing | sizküle tura esegizif you all are in the middle of laughing | alaküle tura eseleif they are in the middle of laughing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkülmey tura esemif I keep on not laughing | senkülmey tura eseŋif you keep on not laughing | olkülmey tura eseif he keeps on not laughing | bizkülmey tura esekif we keep on not laughing | sizkülmey tura esegizif you all keep on not laughing | alakülmey tura eseleif they keep on not laughing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menküldüm esemif I laughed | senküldüŋ eseŋif you laughed | olküldü eseif he laughed | bizküldük esekif we laughed | sizküldügüz esegizif you all laughed | alaküldüle eseleif they laughed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkülmedim esemif I didn't laugh | senkülmediŋ eseŋif you didn't laugh | olkülmedi eseif he didn't laugh | bizkülmedik esekif we didn't laugh | sizkülmedigiz esegizif you all didn't laugh | alakülmedile eseleif they didn't laugh |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkülgen esemif I did laugh (indeed) | senkülgen eseŋif you did laugh (indeed) | olkülgen eseif he did laugh (indeed) | bizkülgen esekif we did laugh (indeed) | sizkülgen esegizif you all did laugh (indeed) | alakülgen eseleif they did laugh (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkülmegen esemif I didn't laugh (indeed) | senkülmegen eseŋif you didn't laugh (indeed) | olkülmegen eseif he didn't laugh (indeed) | bizkülmegen esekif we didn't laugh (indeed) | sizkülmegen esegizif you all didn't laugh (indeed) | alakülmegen eseleif they didn't laugh (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkülgen bolsamif I had laughed | senkülgen bolsaŋif you had laughed | olkülgen bolsaif he had laughed | bizkülgen bolsaqif we had laughed | sizkülgen bolsağızif you all had laughed | alakülgen bolsalaif they had laughed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkülmegen bolsamif I hadn't laughed | senkülmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't laughed | olkülmegen bolsaif he hadn't laughed | bizkülmegen bolsaqif we hadn't laughed | sizkülmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't laughed | alakülmegen bolsalaif they hadn't laughed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkülgen bolsam edikülgen bolsam edif only I had laughed | senkülgen bolsaŋ edikülgen bolsaŋ edif only you had laughed | olkülgen bolsa edikülgen bolsaedif only he had laughed | bizkülgen bolsaq edikülgen bolsaq edif only we had laughed | sizkülgen bolsağız edikülgen bolsağız edif only you all had laughed | alakülgen bolsala edikülgen bolsalaedif only they had laughed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkülmegen bolsam edikülmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't laughed | senkülmegen bolsaŋ edikülmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't laughed | olkülmegen bolsa edikülmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't laughed | bizkülmegen bolsaq edikülmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't laughed | sizkülmegen bolsağız edikülmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't laughed | alakülmegen bolsala edikülmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't laughed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menkülür esemif I will laugh | senkülür eseŋif you will laugh | olkülür eseif he will laugh | bizkülür esekif we will laugh | sizkülür esegizif you all will laugh | alakülür eseleif they will laugh |
| Conditional, aorist | menkülmez esemif I won't laugh | senkülmez eseŋif you won't laugh | olkülmez eseif he won't laugh | bizkülmez esekif we won't laugh | sizkülmez esegizif you all won't laugh | alakülmez eseleif they won't laugh |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menküllük esemif I am going to laugh | senküllük eseŋif you are going to laugh | olküllük eseif he is going to laugh | bizküllük esekif we are going to laugh | sizküllük esegizif you all are going to laugh | alaküllük eseleif they are going to laugh |
| Conditional, future | menküllük tül esemif I am not going to laugh | senküllük tül eseŋif you are not going to laugh | olküllük tül eseif he is not going to laugh | bizküllük tül esekif we are not going to laugh | sizküllük tül esegizif you all are not going to laugh | alaküllük tül eseleif they are not going to laugh |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menküllük bolsamif I were going to laugh | senküllük bolsaŋif you were going to laugh | olküllük bolsaif he were going to laugh | bizküllük bolsaqif we were going to laugh | sizküllük bolsağızif you all were going to laugh | alaküllük bolsalaif they were going to laugh |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkülmezlik bolsamif I were not going to laugh | senkülmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to laugh | olkülmezlik bolsaif he were not going to laugh | bizkülmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to laugh | sizkülmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to laugh | alakülmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to laugh |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso küldüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menküle bolurmaI must be laughing | senküle bolursayou must be laughing | olküle bolurhe must be laughing | bizküle bolurbuzwe must be laughing | sizküle bolursuzyou all must be laughing | alaküle bolurlathey must be laughing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkülmey bolurmaI must not be laughing | senkülmey bolursayou must not be laughing | olkülmey bolurhe must not be laughing | bizkülmey bolurbuzwe must not be laughing | sizkülmey bolursuzyou all must not be laughing | alakülmey bolurlathey must not be laughing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menküle tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of laughing | senküle tura bolursayou must be in the middle of laughing | olküle tura bolurhe must be in the middle of laughing | bizküle tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of laughing | sizküle tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of laughing | alaküle tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of laughing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkülmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not laughing | senkülmey tura bolursayou must keep on not laughing | olkülmey tura bolurhe must keep on not laughing | bizkülmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not laughing | sizkülmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not laughing | alakülmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not laughing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkülgen bolurmaI must have laughed | senkülgen bolursayou must have laughed | olkülgen bolurhe must have laughed | bizkülgen bolurbuzwe must have laughed | sizkülgen bolursuzyou all must have laughed | alakülgen bolurlathey must have laughed |
| Inference (must have) | menkülmegen bolurmaI must not have laughed | senkülmegen bolursayou must not have laughed | olkülmegen bolurhe must not have laughed | bizkülmegen bolurbuzwe must not have laughed | sizkülmegen bolursuzyou all must not have laughed | alakülmegen bolurlathey must not have laughed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menküllük bolurmaI must be going to laugh | senküllük bolursayou must be going to laugh | olküllük bolurhe must be going to laugh | bizküllük bolurbuzwe must be going to laugh | sizküllük bolursuzyou all must be going to laugh | alaküllük bolurlathey must be going to laugh |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkülmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to laugh | senkülmezlik bolursayou must not be going to laugh | olkülmezlik bolurhe must not be going to laugh | bizkülmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to laugh | sizkülmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to laugh | alakülmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to laugh |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menküleyimlet me laugh | senkül!laugh! | olkülsünlet him laugh | bizküleyiklet's laugh | sizkülügüz!laugh, you all! | alakülsünlelet them laugh |
| Commands & suggestions | menkülmeyimlet me not laugh | senkülme!don't laugh! | olkülmesinlet him not laugh | bizkülmeyiklet's not laugh | sizkülmegiz!don't laugh, you all! | alakülmesinlelet them not laugh |
| Commands & suggestions | menküleyimmi?shall I laugh? | olkülsünmü?should he laugh? | bizküleyikmi?shall we laugh? | alakülsünlemi?should they laugh? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkülmeyimmi?shall I not laugh? | olkülmesinmi?should he not laugh? | bizkülmeyikmi?shall we not laugh? | alakülmesinlemi?should they not laugh? | ||
| Requests | senkülçü2külçünplease laugh | olkülsünçüdo let him laugh | sizkülçügüzplease laugh (plural/polite) | alakülsünleçido let them laugh | ||
| Requests | senkülmeçi2külmeçinplease don't laugh | olkülmesinçido let him not laugh | sizkülmeçigizplease don't laugh (plural/polite) | alakülmesinleçido let them not laugh | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkülgünkülgümay you laugh | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkülmeginkülmegimay you not laugh | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkülgey edim külge edimwould that I laughed | senkülgey ediŋ külge ediŋwould that you laughed | olkülgey edi külge ediwould that he laughed | bizkülgey edik külge edikwould that we laughed | sizkülgey edigiz külge edigizwould that you all laughed | alakülgey edile külge edilewould that they laughed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkülmegey edim külmege edimwould that I did not laugh | senkülmegey ediŋ külmege ediŋwould that you did not laugh | olkülmegey edi külmege ediwould that he did not laugh | bizkülmegey edik külmege edikwould that we did not laugh | sizkülmegey edigiz külmege edigizwould that you all did not laugh | alakülmegey edile külmege edilewould that they did not laugh |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkülmege qoyayımkülme qoyayımlet me allow someone to laugh | senkülmege qoy!külme qoy!let someone laugh! | olkülmege qoysunkülme qoysunlet him allow someone to laugh | bizkülmege qoyayıqkülme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to laugh | sizkülmege qoyuğuz!külme qoyuğuz!let someone laugh, you all! | alakülmege qoysunlakülme qoysunlalet them allow someone to laugh |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkülmege qoymayımkülme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to laugh | senkülmege qoyma!külme qoyma!don't let someone laugh! | olkülmege qoymasınkülme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to laugh | bizkülmege qoymayıqkülme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to laugh | sizkülmege qoymağız!külme qoymağız!don't let someone laugh, you all! | alakülmege qoymasınlakülme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to laugh |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkülmege qoyayımmı?külme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to laugh? | olkülmege qoysunmu?külme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to laugh? | bizkülmege qoyayıqmı?külme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to laugh? | alakülmege qoysunlamı?külme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to laugh? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkülmege qoymayımmı?külme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to laugh? | olkülmege qoymasınmı?külme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to laugh? | bizkülmege qoymayıqmı?külme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to laugh? | alakülmege qoymasınlamı?külme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to laugh? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkülmege qoyamakülme qoyamaI allow someone to laugh | senkülmege qoyasakülme qoyasayou allow someone to laugh | olkülmege qoyadıkülme qoyadıhe allows someone to laugh | bizkülmege qoyabızkülme qoyabızwe allow someone to laugh | sizkülmege qoyasızkülme qoyasızyou all allow someone to laugh | alakülmege qoyadılakülme qoyadılathey allow someone to laugh |
| Let someone… (present) | menkülmege qoymaymakülme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to laugh | senkülmege qoymaysakülme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to laugh | olkülmege qoymaydıkülme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to laugh | bizkülmege qoymaybızkülme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to laugh | sizkülmege qoymaysızkülme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to laugh | alakülmege qoymaydılakülme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to laugh |
| Let someone… (present) | menkülmege qoyamamı?külme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to laugh? | senkülmege qoyamısa?külme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to laugh? | olkülmege qoyamıdı?külme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to laugh? | bizkülmege qoyabızmı?külme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to laugh? | sizkülmege qoyamısız?külme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to laugh? | alakülmege qoyamıdıla?külme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to laugh? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkülmege qoymaymamı?külme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to laugh? | senkülmege qoymaymısa?külme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to laugh? | olkülmege qoymaymıdı?külme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to laugh? | bizkülmege qoymaybızmı?külme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to laugh? | sizkülmege qoymaymısız?külme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to laugh? | alakülmege qoymaymıdıla?külme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to laugh? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkülmege qoydumkülme qoydumI allowed someone to laugh | senkülmege qoyduŋkülme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to laugh | olkülmege qoydukülme qoyduhe allowed someone to laugh | bizkülmege qoyduqkülme qoyduqwe allowed someone to laugh | sizkülmege qoyduğuzkülme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to laugh | alakülmege qoydulakülme qoydulathey allowed someone to laugh |
| Let someone… (past) | menkülmege qoymadımkülme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to laugh | senkülmege qoymadıŋkülme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to laugh | olkülmege qoymadıkülme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to laugh | bizkülmege qoymadıqkülme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to laugh | sizkülmege qoymadığızkülme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to laugh | alakülmege qoymadılakülme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to laugh |
| Let someone… (past) | menkülmege qoydummu?külme qoydummu?did I allow someone to laugh? | senkülmege qoyduŋmu?külme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to laugh? | olkülmege qoydumu?külme qoydumu?did he allow someone to laugh? | bizkülmege qoyduqmu?külme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to laugh? | sizkülmege qoyduğuzmu?külme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to laugh? | alakülmege qoydulamı?külme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to laugh? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkülmege qoymadımmı?külme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to laugh? | senkülmege qoymadıŋmı?külme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to laugh? | olkülmege qoymadımı?külme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to laugh? | bizkülmege qoymadıqmı?külme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to laugh? | sizkülmege qoymadığızmı?külme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to laugh? | alakülmege qoymadılamı?külme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to laugh? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
külalırğa be able to laugh · külalmazğa be unable to laugh
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkülalamaI can laugh | senkülalasayou can laugh | olkülaladıhe can laugh | bizkülalabızwe can laugh | sizkülalasızyou all can laugh | alakülaladılathey can laugh |
| Ability — present | menkülalmaymaI can't laugh | senkülalmaysayou can't laugh | olkülalmaydıhe can't laugh | bizkülalmaybızwe can't laugh | sizkülalmaysızyou all can't laugh | alakülalmaydılathey can't laugh |
| Ability — present | menkülalamamı? külalamıma?can I laugh? | senkülalamısa?can you laugh? | olkülalamıdı?can he laugh? | bizkülalabızmı? külalamıbız?can we laugh? | sizkülalamısız?can you all laugh? | alakülalamıdıla?can they laugh? |
| Ability — present | menkülalmaymamı? külalmaymıma?can't I laugh? | senkülalmaymısa?can't you laugh? | olkülalmaymıdı?can't he laugh? | bizkülalmaybızmı? külalmaymıbız?can't we laugh? | sizkülalmaymısız?can't you all laugh? | alakülalmaymıdıla?can't they laugh? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkülalsamif I can laugh | senkülalsaŋif you can laugh | olkülalsaif he can laugh | bizkülalsaqif we can laugh | sizkülalsağızif you all can laugh | alakülalsalaif they can laugh |
| Ability — if I can… | menkülalmasamif I can't laugh | senkülalmasaŋif you can't laugh | olkülalmasaif he can't laugh | bizkülalmasaqif we can't laugh | sizkülalmasağızif you all can't laugh | alakülalmasalaif they can't laugh |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkülaldımI was able to laugh | senkülaldıŋyou were able to laugh | olkülaldıhe was able to laugh | bizkülaldıqwe were able to laugh | sizkülaldığızyou all were able to laugh | alakülaldılathey were able to laugh |
| Ability — simple past | menkülalmadımI could not laugh | senkülalmadıŋyou could not laugh | olkülalmadıhe could not laugh | bizkülalmadıqwe could not laugh | sizkülalmadığızyou all could not laugh | alakülalmadılathey could not laugh |
| Ability — simple past | menkülaldımmı?was I able to laugh? | senkülaldıŋmı?were you able to laugh? | olkülaldımı?was he able to laugh? | bizkülaldıqmı?were we able to laugh? | sizkülaldığızmı?were you all able to laugh? | alakülaldılamı?were they able to laugh? |
| Ability — simple past | menkülalmadımmı?couldn't I laugh? | senkülalmadıŋmı?couldn't you laugh? | olkülalmadımı?couldn't he laugh? | bizkülalmadıqmı?couldn't we laugh? | sizkülalmadığızmı?couldn't you all laugh? | alakülalmadılamı?couldn't they laugh? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkülalğanmaI have been able to laugh | senkülalğansayou have been able to laugh | olkülalğandıhe has been able to laugh | bizkülalğanbızwe have been able to laugh | sizkülalğansızyou all have been able to laugh | alakülalğandılathey have been able to laugh |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkülalmağanmaI haven't been able to laugh | senkülalmağansayou haven't been able to laugh | olkülalmağandıhe hasn't been able to laugh | bizkülalmağanbızwe haven't been able to laugh | sizkülalmağansızyou all haven't been able to laugh | alakülalmağandılathey haven't been able to laugh |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkülalğanmamı? külalğanmıma?have I been able to laugh? | senkülalğanmısa?have you been able to laugh? | olkülalğanmıdı?has he been able to laugh? | bizkülalğanbızmı? külalğanmıbız?have we been able to laugh? | sizkülalğanmısız?have you all been able to laugh? | alakülalğanmıdıla?have they been able to laugh? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkülalmağanmamı? külalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to laugh? | senkülalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to laugh? | olkülalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to laugh? | bizkülalmağanbızmı? külalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to laugh? | sizkülalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to laugh? | alakülalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to laugh? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkülalğan edimkülalğanemI had been able to laugh | senkülalğan ediŋkülalğaneŋyou had been able to laugh | olkülalğan edikülalğanedhe had been able to laugh | bizkülalğan edikkülalğanekwe had been able to laugh | sizkülalğan edigizkülalğanegizyou all had been able to laugh | alakülalğan edilekülalğanellethey had been able to laugh |
| Ability — past perfect | menkülalmağan edimkülalmağanemI hadn't been able to laugh | senkülalmağan ediŋkülalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to laugh | olkülalmağan edikülalmağanedhe hadn't been able to laugh | bizkülalmağan edikkülalmağanekwe hadn't been able to laugh | sizkülalmağan edigizkülalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to laugh | alakülalmağan edilekülalmağanellethey hadn't been able to laugh |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkülala edimkülalaemI could laugh | senkülala ediŋkülalaeŋyou could laugh | olkülala edikülalaedhe could laugh | bizkülala edikkülalaekwe could laugh | sizkülala edigizkülalaegizyou all could laugh | alakülala edilekülalaellethey could laugh |
| Ability — past background | menkülalmay edimkülalmayemI could not laugh | senkülalmay ediŋkülalmayeŋyou could not laugh | olkülalmay edikülalmayedhe could not laugh | bizkülalmay edikkülalmayekwe could not laugh | sizkülalmay edigizkülalmayegizyou all could not laugh | alakülalmay edilekülalmayellethey could not laugh |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkülalırmaI will be able to laugh | senkülalırsayou will be able to laugh | olkülalırhe will be able to laugh | bizkülalırbızwe will be able to laugh | sizkülalırsızyou all will be able to laugh | alakülalırlathey will be able to laugh |
| Ability — future I | menkülalmazmaI won't be able to laugh | senkülalmazsayou won't be able to laugh | olkülalmazhe won't be able to laugh | bizkülalmazbızwe won't be able to laugh | sizkülalmazsızyou all won't be able to laugh | alakülalmazlathey won't be able to laugh |
| Ability — future I | menkülalırmamı? külalırmıma?will I be able to laugh? | senkülalırmısa?will you be able to laugh? | olkülalırmı?will he be able to laugh? | bizkülalırbızmı? külalırmıbız?will we be able to laugh? | sizkülalırmısız?will you all be able to laugh? | alakülalırlamı? külalırmıla?will they be able to laugh? |
| Ability — future I | menkülalmazmamı? külalmazmıma?won't I be able to laugh? | senkülalmazmısa?won't you be able to laugh? | olkülalmazmı?won't he be able to laugh? | bizkülalmazbızmı? külalmazmıbız?won't we be able to laugh? | sizkülalmazmısız?won't you all be able to laugh? | alakülalmazlamı? külalmazmıla?won't they be able to laugh? |
| Ability — future II | menkülallıqmaI am going to be able to laugh | senkülallıqsayou are going to be able to laugh | olkülallıqdıhe is going to be able to laugh | bizkülallıqbızwe are going to be able to laugh | sizkülallıqsızyou all are going to be able to laugh | alakülallıqdılathey are going to be able to laugh |
| Ability — future II | menkülallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to laugh | senkülallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to laugh | olkülallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to laugh | bizkülallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to laugh | sizkülallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to laugh | alakülallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to laugh |
| Ability — future II | menkülallıqmamı? külallıqmıma?am I going to be able to laugh? | senkülallıqmısa?are you going to be able to laugh? | olkülallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to laugh? | bizkülallıqbızmı? külallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to laugh? | sizkülallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to laugh? | alakülallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to laugh? |
| Ability — future II | menkülallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to laugh? | senkülallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to laugh? | olkülallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to laugh? | bizkülallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to laugh? | sizkülallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to laugh? | alakülallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to laugh? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkülalır edimkülalır emI would be able to laugh | senkülalır ediŋkülalır eŋyou would be able to laugh | olkülalır edikülalır edhe would be able to laugh | bizkülalır edikkülalır ekwe would be able to laugh | sizkülalır edigizkülalır egizyou all would be able to laugh | alakülalır edilekülalır ellethey would be able to laugh |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkülalmaz edimkülalmaz emI wouldn't be able to laugh | senkülalmaz ediŋkülalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to laugh | olkülalmaz edikülalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to laugh | bizkülalmaz edikkülalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to laugh | sizkülalmaz edigizkülalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to laugh | alakülalmaz edilekülalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to laugh |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkülalğınkülalğımay you be able to laugh | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkülalmağınkülalmağımay you not be able to laugh | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menkülürge izleymeI want to laugh | senkülürge izleyseyou want to laugh | olkülürge izleydihe wants to laugh | bizkülürge izleybizwe want to laugh | sizkülürge izleysizyou all want to laugh | alakülürge izleydilethey want to laugh |
| want to | menkülürge izlemeymeI do not want to laugh | senkülürge izlemeyseyou do not want to laugh | olkülürge izlemeydihe does not want to laugh | bizkülürge izlemeybizwe do not want to laugh | sizkülürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to laugh | alakülürge izlemeydilethey do not want to laugh |
| would like to | menkülürge süemeI would like to laugh | senkülürge süeseyou would like to laugh | olkülürge süedihe would like to laugh | bizkülürge süebizwe would like to laugh | sizkülürge süesizyou all would like to laugh | alakülürge süedilethey would like to laugh |
| would like to | menkülürge süymeymeI would not like to laugh | senkülürge süymeyseyou would not like to laugh | olkülürge süymeydihe would not like to laugh | bizkülürge süymeybizwe would not like to laugh | sizkülürge süymeysizyou all would not like to laugh | alakülürge süymeydilethey would not like to laugh |
| hope to | menkülürge umutlanamaI hope to laugh | senkülürge umutlanasayou hope to laugh | olkülürge umutlanadıhe hopes to laugh | bizkülürge umutlanabızwe hope to laugh | sizkülürge umutlanasızyou all hope to laugh | alakülürge umutlanadılathey hope to laugh |
| hope to | menkülürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to laugh | senkülürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to laugh | olkülürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to laugh | bizkülürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to laugh | sizkülürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to laugh | alakülürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to laugh |
| be about to | menkülürge deb turamaI am about to laugh | senkülürge deb turasayou are about to laugh | olkülürge deb turadıhe is about to laugh | bizkülürge deb turabızwe are about to laugh | sizkülürge deb turasızyou all are about to laugh | alakülürge deb turadılathey are about to laugh |
| be about to | menkülürge deb turmaymaI am not about to laugh | senkülürge deb turmaysayou are not about to laugh | olkülürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to laugh | bizkülürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to laugh | sizkülürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to laugh | alakülürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to laugh |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menkülürge kerekmeI need to laugh | senkülürge kerekseyou need to laugh | olkülürge kerekdihe needs to laugh | bizkülürge kerekbizwe need to laugh | sizkülürge kereksizyou all need to laugh | alakülürge kerekdilethey need to laugh |
| need to | menkülürge kerek tülmeI do not need to laugh | senkülürge kerek tülseyou do not need to laugh | olkülürge kerek tüldühe does not need to laugh | bizkülürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to laugh | sizkülürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to laugh | alakülürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to laugh |
| have to | menmenŋe külürge tüşediI have to laugh | sensenŋe külürge tüşediyou have to laugh | olaŋa külürge tüşedihe has to laugh | bizbizge külürge tüşediwe have to laugh | sizsizge külürge tüşediyou all have to laugh | alaalağa külürge tüşedithey have to laugh |
| have to | menmenŋe külürge tüşmeydiI do not have to laugh | sensenŋe külürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to laugh | olaŋa külürge tüşmeydihe does not have to laugh | bizbizge külürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to laugh | sizsizge külürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to laugh | alaalağa külürge tüşmeydithey do not have to laugh |
| be obliged to | menkülürge borçlumaI am obliged to laugh | senkülürge borçlusayou are obliged to laugh | olkülürge borçluduhe is obliged to laugh | bizkülürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to laugh | sizkülürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to laugh | alakülürge borçludulathey are obliged to laugh |
| be obliged to | menkülürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to laugh | senkülürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to laugh | olkülürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to laugh | bizkülürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to laugh | sizkülürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to laugh | alakülürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to laugh |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menkülürge madarım bardıI have a way to laugh | senkülürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to laugh | olkülürge madarı bardıhe has a way to laugh | bizkülürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to laugh | sizkülürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to laugh | alakülürge madarları bardıthey have a way to laugh |
| have a way to | menkülürge madarım joqduI have no way to laugh | senkülürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to laugh | olkülürge madarı joqduhe has no way to laugh | bizkülürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to laugh | sizkülürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to laugh | alakülürge madarları joqduthey have no way to laugh |
| be free to | menkülürge erkinligim bardıI am free to laugh | senkülürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to laugh | olkülürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to laugh | bizkülürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to laugh | sizkülürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to laugh | alakülürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to laugh |
| be free to | menkülürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to laugh | senkülürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to laugh | olkülürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to laugh | bizkülürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to laugh | sizkülürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to laugh | alakülürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to laugh |
| be possible to | menmenŋe külürge bolluqduit is possible for me to laugh | sensenŋe külürge bolluqduit is possible for you to laugh | olaŋa külürge bolluqduit is possible for him to laugh | bizbizge külürge bolluqduit is possible for us to laugh | sizsizge külürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to laugh | alaalağa külürge bolluqduit is possible for them to laugh |
| be possible to | menmenŋe külürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to laugh | sensenŋe külürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to laugh | olaŋa külürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to laugh | bizbizge külürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to laugh | sizsizge külürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to laugh | alaalağa külürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to laugh |
| be ready to | menkülürge hazırmaI am ready to laugh | senkülürge hazırsayou are ready to laugh | olkülürge hazırdıhe is ready to laugh | bizkülürge hazırbızwe are ready to laugh | sizkülürge hazırsızyou all are ready to laugh | alakülürge hazırdılathey are ready to laugh |
| be ready to | menkülürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to laugh | senkülürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to laugh | olkülürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to laugh | bizkülürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to laugh | sizkülürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to laugh | alakülürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to laugh |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menkülürge küreşemeI am trying to laugh | senkülürge küreşeseyou are trying to laugh | olkülürge küreşedihe is trying to laugh | bizkülürge küreşebizwe are trying to laugh | sizkülürge küreşesizyou all are trying to laugh | alakülürge küreşedilethey are trying to laugh |
| try to | menkülürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to laugh | senkülürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to laugh | olkülürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to laugh | bizkülürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to laugh | sizkülürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to laugh | alakülürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to laugh |
| agree to | menkülürge unaymaI agree to laugh | senkülürge unaysayou agree to laugh | olkülürge unaydıhe agrees to laugh | bizkülürge unaybızwe agree to laugh | sizkülürge unaysızyou all agree to laugh | alakülürge unaydılathey agree to laugh |
| agree to | menkülürge unamaymaI refuse to laugh | senkülürge unamaysayou refuse to laugh | olkülürge unamaydıhe refuses to laugh | bizkülürge unamaybızwe refuse to laugh | sizkülürge unamaysızyou all refuse to laugh | alakülürge unamaydılathey refuse to laugh |
| hurry to | menkülürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to laugh | senkülürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to laugh | olkülürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to laugh | bizkülürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to laugh | sizkülürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to laugh | alakülürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to laugh |
| hurry to | menkülürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to laugh | senkülürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to laugh | olkülürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to laugh | bizkülürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to laugh | sizkülürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to laugh | alakülürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to laugh |
| be afraid to | menkülürge qorqamaI am afraid to laugh | senkülürge qorqasayou are afraid to laugh | olkülürge qorqadıhe is afraid to laugh | bizkülürge qorqabızwe are afraid to laugh | sizkülürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to laugh | alakülürge qorqadılathey are afraid to laugh |
| be afraid to | menkülürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to laugh | senkülürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to laugh | olkülürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to laugh | bizkülürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to laugh | sizkülürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to laugh | alakülürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to laugh |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menküle bolmazmaI can't be laughing | senküle bolmazsayou can't be laughing | olküle bolmazhe can't be laughing | bizküle bolmazbızwe can't be laughing | sizküle bolmazsızyou all can't be laughing | alaküle bolmazlathey can't be laughing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkülmey bolmazmaI must be laughing (emphatic) | senkülmey bolmazsayou must be laughing (emphatic) | olkülmey bolmazhe must be laughing (emphatic) | bizkülmey bolmazbızwe must be laughing (emphatic) | sizkülmey bolmazsızyou all must be laughing (emphatic) | alakülmey bolmazlathey must be laughing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menküle turmasamif I don't keep laughing | senküle turmasaŋif you don't keep laughing | olküle turmasaif he doesn't keep laughing | bizküle turmasaqif we don't keep laughing | sizküle turmasağızif you all don't keep laughing | alaküle turmasalaif they don't keep laughing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menküle tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of laughing | senküle tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of laughing | olküle tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of laughing | bizküle tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of laughing | sizküle tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of laughing | alaküle tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of laughing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkülmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not laughing (emphatic) | senkülmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not laughing (emphatic) | olkülmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not laughing (emphatic) | bizkülmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not laughing (emphatic) | sizkülmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not laughing (emphatic) | alakülmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not laughing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkülmey turamaI keep on not laughing | senkülmey turasayou keep on not laughing | olkülmey turadıhe keeps on not laughing | bizkülmey turabızwe keep on not laughing | sizkülmey turasızyou all keep on not laughing | alakülmey turadılathey keep on not laughing |
| Progressive — double negation | menkülmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not laughing | senkülmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not laughing | olkülmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not laughing | bizkülmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not laughing | sizkülmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not laughing | alakülmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not laughing |
| Progressive — double negation | menkülmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not laughing? | senkülmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not laughing? | olkülmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not laughing? | bizkülmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not laughing? | sizkülmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not laughing? | alakülmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not laughing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkülgen bolmazmaI can't have laughed | senkülgen bolmazsayou can't have laughed | olkülgen bolmazhe can't have laughed | bizkülgen bolmazbızwe can't have laughed | sizkülgen bolmazsızyou all can't have laughed | alakülgen bolmazlathey can't have laughed |
| Inference — double negation | menkülmegen bolmazmaI must have laughed (emphatic) | senkülmegen bolmazsayou must have laughed (emphatic) | olkülmegen bolmazhe must have laughed (emphatic) | bizkülmegen bolmazbızwe must have laughed (emphatic) | sizkülmegen bolmazsızyou all must have laughed (emphatic) | alakülmegen bolmazlathey must have laughed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkülgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had laughed | senkülgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had laughed | olkülgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had laughed | bizkülgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had laughed | sizkülgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had laughed | alakülgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had laughed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkülmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't laughed | senkülmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't laughed | olkülmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't laughed | bizkülmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't laughed | sizkülmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't laughed | alakülmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't laughed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menküllük bolmazmaI can't be going to laugh | senküllük bolmazsayou can't be going to laugh | olküllük bolmazhe can't be going to laugh | bizküllük bolmazbızwe can't be going to laugh | sizküllük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to laugh | alaküllük bolmazlathey can't be going to laugh |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkülmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to laugh (emphatic) | senkülmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to laugh (emphatic) | olkülmezlik bolmazhe must be going to laugh (emphatic) | bizkülmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to laugh (emphatic) | sizkülmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to laugh (emphatic) | alakülmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to laugh (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menküllük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to laugh | senküllük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to laugh | olküllük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to laugh | bizküllük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to laugh | sizküllük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to laugh | alaküllük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to laugh |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkülmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to laugh | senkülmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to laugh | olkülmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to laugh | bizkülmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to laugh | sizkülmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to laugh | alakülmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to laugh |