kerirge
/kerirɡe/
1. stretch, draw out, pull taut (as a hide on a frame)
- terini ker — stretch the hide
- terini kerirge — to stretch a hide
- eltirni kerirge — to stretch the lambskin
- terini kerib qoydu — he stretched the hide out
- kerib qoyarğa — to stretch out
2. straighten out, smooth flat, spread (wings, limbs)
- qanat kerirge — to spread one's wings
- qanatların kerdi — it spread its wings
- sanlarıŋı kerirge — to stretch one's limbs
- keŋ jawurunların kerib — spreading his broad shoulders
- burun teşikleni kerirge — to flare the nostrils
- qaşlarıŋı kerirge — to raise one's eyebrows
3. widen, broaden, expand (a road, a ditch, shoes)
- jolnu kerirge — to widen the road
- jolnu kerdile — they widened the road
- biraz kerirge — to widen it a little
- stolnu kerirge — to extend the table
- kebge salıb kerirge — to stretch on a shoe last
- kiyib kerirge — to stretch by wearing
4. open wide, fling open, throw apart (a door, the mouth, arms)
- awuzuŋu kerirge — to open one's mouth wide
- quçağıŋı kerirge — to open one's arms wide
- terezeni keŋine kerirge — to fling the window wide open
- terezeni kerdi — he flung the window open
- eşikni kerirge — to open the door wide
5. open up, expand (possibilities), give scope to
- bilim bizge jolnu kerir — knowledge will open the road for us
6. crucify
- gyawur qaçha kerirge — to stretch an infidel on a cross
Conjugation
Common forms
- keredihe is stretching
- kerdihe stretched
- kergendihe has stretched
- kerirhe will stretch
- kerlikdihe is going to stretch
- kere edihe was stretching
- kerseif he stretches
- ker!stretch!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkeremeI am stretching | senkereseyou are stretching | olkeredihe is stretching | bizkerebizwe are stretching | sizkeresizyou all are stretching | alakeredilethey are stretching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkermeymeI am not stretching | senkermeyseyou are not stretching | olkermeydihe is not stretching | bizkermeybizwe are not stretching | sizkermeysizyou all are not stretching | alakermeydilethey are not stretching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkerememi? keremime?am I stretching? | senkeremise?are you stretching? | olkeremidi?is he stretching? | bizkerebizmi? keremibiz?are we stretching? | sizkeremisiz?are you all stretching? | alakeremidile?are they stretching? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkermeymemi? kermeymime?aren't I stretching? | senkermeymise?aren't you stretching? | olkermeymidi?isn't he stretching? | bizkermeybizmi? kermeymibiz?aren't we stretching? | sizkermeymisiz?aren't you all stretching? | alakermeymidile?aren't they stretching? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkeriwçenmeI usually stretch | senkeriwçenseyou usually stretch | olkeriwçendihe usually stretches | bizkeriwçenbizwe usually stretch | sizkeriwçensizyou all usually stretch | alakeriwçendilethey usually stretch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkermewçenmeI usually don't stretch | senkermewçenseyou usually don't stretch | olkermewçendihe usually doesn't stretch | bizkermewçenbizwe usually don't stretch | sizkermewçensizyou all usually don't stretch | alakermewçendilethey usually don't stretch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkeriwçenmemi? keriwçenmime?do I usually stretch? | senkeriwçenmise?do you usually stretch? | olkeriwçenmidi?does he usually stretch? | bizkeriwçenbizmi? keriwçenmibiz?do we usually stretch? | sizkeriwçenmisiz?do you all usually stretch? | alakeriwçenmidile?do they usually stretch? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkermewçenmemi? kermewçenmime?do I usually not stretch? | senkermewçenmise?do you usually not stretch? | olkermewçenmidi?does he usually not stretch? | bizkermewçenbizmi? kermewçenmibiz?do we usually not stretch? | sizkermewçenmisiz?do you all usually not stretch? | alakermewçenmidile?do they usually not stretch? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkeribdihe has stretched and remains so | alakeribdilethey have stretched and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkeribmidi?has he stretched? | alakeribmidile?have they stretched? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkerib turamaI keep stretching | senkerib turasayou keep stretching | olkerib turadıhe keeps stretching | bizkerib turabızwe keep stretching | sizkerib turasızyou all keep stretching | alakerib turadılathey keep stretching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkerib turmaymaI don't keep stretching | senkerib turmaysayou don't keep stretching | olkerib turmaydıhe doesn't keep stretching | bizkerib turmaybızwe don't keep stretching | sizkerib turmaysızyou all don't keep stretching | alakerib turmaydılathey don't keep stretching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkerib turamamı? kerib turamıma?do I keep stretching? | senkerib turamısa?do you keep stretching? | olkerib turamıdı?does he keep stretching? | bizkerib turabızmı? kerib turamıbız?do we keep stretching? | sizkerib turamısız?do you all keep stretching? | alakerib turamıdıla?do they keep stretching? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkerib turmaymamı? kerib turmaymıma?don't I keep stretching? | senkerib turmaymısa?don't you keep stretching? | olkerib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep stretching? | bizkerib turmaybızmı? kerib turmaymıbız?don't we keep stretching? | sizkerib turmaymısız?don't you all keep stretching? | alakerib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep stretching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkere turamaI am in the middle of stretching | senkere turasayou are in the middle of stretching | olkere turadıhe is in the middle of stretching | bizkere turabızwe are in the middle of stretching | sizkere turasızyou all are in the middle of stretching | alakere turadılathey are in the middle of stretching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkere turmaymaI am not in the middle of stretching | senkere turmaysayou are not in the middle of stretching | olkere turmaydıhe is not in the middle of stretching | bizkere turmaybızwe are not in the middle of stretching | sizkere turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of stretching | alakere turmaydılathey are not in the middle of stretching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkere turamamı? kere turamıma?am I in the middle of stretching? | senkere turamısa?are you in the middle of stretching? | olkere turamıdı?is he in the middle of stretching? | bizkere turabızmı? kere turamıbız?are we in the middle of stretching? | sizkere turamısız?are you all in the middle of stretching? | alakere turamıdıla?are they in the middle of stretching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkere turmaymamı? kere turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of stretching? | senkere turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of stretching? | olkere turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of stretching? | bizkere turmaybızmı? kere turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of stretching? | sizkere turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of stretching? | alakere turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of stretching? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkerdimI stretched | senkerdiŋyou stretched | olkerdihe stretched | bizkerdikwe stretched | sizkerdigizyou all stretched | alakerdilethey stretched |
| Simple past (definite) | menkermedimI didn't stretch | senkermediŋyou didn't stretch | olkermedihe didn't stretch | bizkermedikwe didn't stretch | sizkermedigizyou all didn't stretch | alakermedilethey didn't stretch |
| Simple past (definite) | menkerdimmi?did I stretch? | senkerdiŋmi?did you stretch? | olkerdimi?did he stretch? | bizkerdikmi?did we stretch? | sizkerdigizmi?did you all stretch? | alakerdilemi?did they stretch? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkermedimmi?didn't I stretch? | senkermediŋmi?didn't you stretch? | olkermedimi?didn't he stretch? | bizkermedikmi?didn't we stretch? | sizkermedigizmi?didn't you all stretch? | alakermedilemi?didn't they stretch? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkergenmeI have stretched | senkergenseyou have stretched | olkergendihe has stretched | bizkergenbizwe have stretched | sizkergensizyou all have stretched | alakergendilethey have stretched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkermegenmeI haven't stretched | senkermegenseyou haven't stretched | olkermegendihe hasn't stretched | bizkermegenbizwe haven't stretched | sizkermegensizyou all haven't stretched | alakermegendilethey haven't stretched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkergenmemi? kergenmime?have I stretched? | senkergenmise?have you stretched? | olkergenmidi?has he stretched? | bizkergenbizmi? kergenmibiz?have we stretched? | sizkergenmisiz?have you all stretched? | alakergenmidile?have they stretched? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkermegenmemi? kermegenmime?haven't I stretched? | senkermegenmise?haven't you stretched? | olkermegenmidi?hasn't he stretched? | bizkermegenbizmi? kermegenmibiz?haven't we stretched? | sizkermegenmisiz?haven't you all stretched? | alakermegenmidile?haven't they stretched? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkerib turdumI kept stretching | senkerib turduŋyou kept stretching | olkerib turduhe kept stretching | bizkerib turduqwe kept stretching | sizkerib turduğuzyou all kept stretching | alakerib turdulathey kept stretching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkerib turmadımI didn't keep stretching | senkerib turmadıŋyou didn't keep stretching | olkerib turmadıhe didn't keep stretching | bizkerib turmadıqwe didn't keep stretching | sizkerib turmadığızyou all didn't keep stretching | alakerib turmadılathey didn't keep stretching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkerirmeI will stretch | senkerirseyou will stretch | olkerirhe will stretch | bizkerirbizwe will stretch | sizkerirsizyou all will stretch | alakerirlethey will stretch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkermezmeI won't stretch | senkermezseyou won't stretch | olkermezhe won't stretch | bizkermezbizwe won't stretch | sizkermezsizyou all won't stretch | alakermezlethey won't stretch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkerirmemi? kerirmime?will I stretch? | senkerirmise?will you stretch? | olkerirmi?will he stretch? | bizkerirbizmi? kerirmibiz?will we stretch? | sizkerirmisiz?will you all stretch? | alakerirlemi? kerirmile?will they stretch? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkermezmemi? kermezmime?won't I stretch? | senkermezmise?won't you stretch? | olkermezmi?won't he stretch? | bizkermezbizmi? kermezmibiz?won't we stretch? | sizkermezmisiz?won't you all stretch? | alakermezlemi? kermezmile?won't they stretch? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkerlikme1kerrikmeI am going to stretch | senkerlikse1kerrikseyou are going to stretch | olkerlikdi1kerrikdihe is going to stretch | bizkerlikbiz1kerrikbizwe are going to stretch | sizkerliksiz1kerriksizyou all are going to stretch | alakerlikdile1kerrikdilethey are going to stretch |
| Definite future (future II) | menkerlik tülme1kerrik tülmeI am not going to stretch | senkerlik tülse1kerrik tülseyou are not going to stretch | olkerlik tüldü1kerrik tüldühe is not going to stretch | bizkerlik tülbüz1kerrik tülbüzwe are not going to stretch | sizkerlik tülsüz1kerrik tülsüzyou all are not going to stretch | alakerlik tüldüle1kerrik tüldülethey are not going to stretch |
| Definite future (future II) | menkerlikmemi?1 kerlikmime?kerrikmemi?am I going to stretch? | senkerlikmise?1kerrikmise?are you going to stretch? | olkerlikmidi?1kerrikmidi?is he going to stretch? | bizkerlikbizmi?1 kerlikmibiz?kerrikbizmi?are we going to stretch? | sizkerlikmisiz?1kerrikmisiz?are you all going to stretch? | alakerlikmidile?1kerrikmidile?are they going to stretch? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkerlik tülmüme?1kerrik tülmüme?aren't I going to stretch? | senkerlik tülmüse?1kerrik tülmüse?aren't you going to stretch? | olkerlik tülmüdü?1kerrik tülmüdü?isn't he going to stretch? | bizkerlik tülmübüz?1kerrik tülmübüz?aren't we going to stretch? | sizkerlik tülmüsüz?1kerrik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to stretch? | alakerlik tülmüdüle?1kerrik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to stretch? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kerrikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkergen edimkergenemI had stretched | senkergen ediŋkergeneŋyou had stretched | olkergen edikergenedhe had stretched | bizkergen edikkergenekwe had stretched | sizkergen edigizkergenegizyou all had stretched | alakergen edilekergenellethey had stretched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkermegen edimkermegenemI hadn't stretched | senkermegen ediŋkermegeneŋyou hadn't stretched | olkermegen edikermegenedhe hadn't stretched | bizkermegen edikkermegenekwe hadn't stretched | sizkermegen edigizkermegenegizyou all hadn't stretched | alakermegen edilekermegenellethey hadn't stretched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkere edimkeremI was stretching | senkere ediŋkereŋyou were stretching | olkere edikeredhe was stretching | bizkere edikkerekwe were stretching | sizkere edigizkeregizyou all were stretching | alakere edilekerellethey were stretching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkermey edimkermeyemI wasn't stretching | senkermey ediŋkermeyeŋyou weren't stretching | olkermey edikermeyedhe wasn't stretching | bizkermey edikkermeyekwe weren't stretching | sizkermey edigizkermeyegizyou all weren't stretching | alakermey edilekermeyellethey weren't stretching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkeriwçen edimkeriwçenemI used to stretch | senkeriwçen ediŋkeriwçeneŋyou used to stretch | olkeriwçen edikeriwçenedhe used to stretch | bizkeriwçen edikkeriwçenekwe used to stretch | sizkeriwçen edigizkeriwçenegizyou all used to stretch | alakeriwçen edilekeriwçenellethey used to stretch |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkermewçen edimkermewçenemI didn't use to stretch | senkermewçen ediŋkermewçeneŋyou didn't use to stretch | olkermewçen edikermewçenedhe didn't use to stretch | bizkermewçen edikkermewçenekwe didn't use to stretch | sizkermewçen edigizkermewçenegizyou all didn't use to stretch | alakermewçen edilekermewçenellethey didn't use to stretch |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkerib edihe had stretched and remained so | alakerib edilethey had stretched and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkerib tül edihe hadn't stretched | alakerib tül edilethey hadn't stretched | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkerib tura edimkerib turaemI had kept stretching | senkerib tura ediŋkerib turaeŋyou had kept stretching | olkerib tura edikerib turaedhe had kept stretching | bizkerib tura edikkerib turaekwe had kept stretching | sizkerib tura edigizkerib turaegizyou all had kept stretching | alakerib tura edilekerib turaellethey had kept stretching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkerib turmay edimkerib turmayemI hadn't kept stretching | senkerib turmay ediŋkerib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept stretching | olkerib turmay edikerib turmayedhe hadn't kept stretching | bizkerib turmay edikkerib turmayekwe hadn't kept stretching | sizkerib turmay edigizkerib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept stretching | alakerib turmay edilekerib turmayellethey hadn't kept stretching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkere tura edimkere turaemI was in the middle of stretching | senkere tura ediŋkere turaeŋyou were in the middle of stretching | olkere tura edikere turaedhe was in the middle of stretching | bizkere tura edikkere turaekwe were in the middle of stretching | sizkere tura edigizkere turaegizyou all were in the middle of stretching | alakere tura edilekere turaellethey were in the middle of stretching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkere turmay edimkere turmayemI wasn't in the middle of stretching | senkere turmay ediŋkere turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of stretching | olkere turmay edikere turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of stretching | bizkere turmay edikkere turmayekwe weren't in the middle of stretching | sizkere turmay edigizkere turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of stretching | alakere turmay edilekere turmayellethey weren't in the middle of stretching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menkerir edimkerir emI would stretch | senkerir ediŋkerir eŋyou would stretch | olkerir edikerir edhe would stretch | bizkerir edikkerir ekwe would stretch | sizkerir edigizkerir egizyou all would stretch | alakerir edilekerir ellethey would stretch |
| Conditional result (would) | menkermez edimkermez emI wouldn't stretch | senkermez ediŋkermez eŋyou wouldn't stretch | olkermez edikermez edhe wouldn't stretch | bizkermez edikkermez ekwe wouldn't stretch | sizkermez edigizkermez egizyou all wouldn't stretch | alakermez edilekermez ellethey wouldn't stretch |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkerlik edim2kerlik emkerrik edimI would have stretched | senkerlik ediŋ2kerlik eŋkerrik ediŋyou would have stretched | olkerlik edi2kerlik edkerrik edihe would have stretched | bizkerlik edik2kerlik ekkerrik edikwe would have stretched | sizkerlik edigiz2kerlik egizkerrik edigizyou all would have stretched | alakerlik edile2kerlik ellekerrik edilethey would have stretched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkerlik tül edim2kerlik tül emkerrik tül edimI wouldn't have stretched | senkerlik tül ediŋ2kerlik tül eŋkerrik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have stretched | olkerlik tül edi2kerlik tül edkerrik tül edihe wouldn't have stretched | bizkerlik tül edik2kerlik tül ekkerrik tül edikwe wouldn't have stretched | sizkerlik tül edigiz2kerlik tül egizkerrik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have stretched | alakerlik tül edile2kerlik tül ellekerrik tül edilethey wouldn't have stretched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kerrik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkersemif I stretch | senkerseŋif you stretch | olkerseif he stretches | bizkersekif we stretch | sizkersegizif you all stretch | alakerseleif they stretch |
| Conditional | menkermesemif I don't stretch | senkermeseŋif you don't stretch | olkermeseif he doesn't stretch | bizkermesekif we don't stretch | sizkermesegizif you all don't stretch | alakermeseleif they don't stretch |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menkere esemif I am stretching | senkere eseŋif you are stretching | olkere eseif he is stretching | bizkere esekif we are stretching | sizkere esegizif you all are stretching | alakere eseleif they are stretching |
| Conditional, present real | menkermey esemif I am not stretching | senkermey eseŋif you are not stretching | olkermey eseif he is not stretching | bizkermey esekif we are not stretching | sizkermey esegizif you all are not stretching | alakermey eseleif they are not stretching |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkersem edikersem edif only I stretched | senkerseŋ edikerseŋ edif only you stretched | olkerse edikersedif only he stretched | bizkersek edikersek edif only we stretched | sizkersegiz edikersegiz edif only you all stretched | alakersele edikerseledif only they stretched |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkermesem edikermesem edif only I didn't stretch | senkermeseŋ edikermeseŋ edif only you didn't stretch | olkermese edikermesedif only he didn't stretch | bizkermesek edikermesek edif only we didn't stretch | sizkermesegiz edikermesegiz edif only you all didn't stretch | alakermesele edikermeseledif only they didn't stretch |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkerib tursamif I carry on stretching | senkerib tursaŋif you carry on stretching | olkerib tursaif he carries on stretching | bizkerib tursaqif we carry on stretching | sizkerib tursağızif you all carry on stretching | alakerib tursalaif they carry on stretching |
| Durative conditional | menkerib turmasamif I don't carry on stretching | senkerib turmasaŋif you don't carry on stretching | olkerib turmasaif he doesn't carry on stretching | bizkerib turmasaqif we don't carry on stretching | sizkerib turmasağızif you all don't carry on stretching | alakerib turmasalaif they don't carry on stretching |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkerib tura esemif I have kept stretching | senkerib tura eseŋif you have kept stretching | olkerib tura eseif he has kept stretching | bizkerib tura esekif we have kept stretching | sizkerib tura esegizif you all have kept stretching | alakerib tura eseleif they have kept stretching |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkerib turmay esemif I haven't kept stretching | senkerib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept stretching | olkerib turmay eseif he hasn't kept stretching | bizkerib turmay esekif we haven't kept stretching | sizkerib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept stretching | alakerib turmay eseleif they haven't kept stretching |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menkere tursamif I keep stretching | senkere tursaŋif you keep stretching | olkere tursaif he keeps stretching | bizkere tursaqif we keep stretching | sizkere tursağızif you all keep stretching | alakere tursalaif they keep stretching |
| Progressive conditional | menkermey tursamif I keep on not stretching | senkermey tursaŋif you keep on not stretching | olkermey tursaif he keeps on not stretching | bizkermey tursaqif we keep on not stretching | sizkermey tursağızif you all keep on not stretching | alakermey tursalaif they keep on not stretching |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkere tura esemif I am in the middle of stretching | senkere tura eseŋif you are in the middle of stretching | olkere tura eseif he is in the middle of stretching | bizkere tura esekif we are in the middle of stretching | sizkere tura esegizif you all are in the middle of stretching | alakere tura eseleif they are in the middle of stretching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkermey tura esemif I keep on not stretching | senkermey tura eseŋif you keep on not stretching | olkermey tura eseif he keeps on not stretching | bizkermey tura esekif we keep on not stretching | sizkermey tura esegizif you all keep on not stretching | alakermey tura eseleif they keep on not stretching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menkerdim esemif I stretched | senkerdiŋ eseŋif you stretched | olkerdi eseif he stretched | bizkerdik esekif we stretched | sizkerdigiz esegizif you all stretched | alakerdile eseleif they stretched |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menkermedim esemif I didn't stretch | senkermediŋ eseŋif you didn't stretch | olkermedi eseif he didn't stretch | bizkermedik esekif we didn't stretch | sizkermedigiz esegizif you all didn't stretch | alakermedile eseleif they didn't stretch |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkergen esemif I did stretch (indeed) | senkergen eseŋif you did stretch (indeed) | olkergen eseif he did stretch (indeed) | bizkergen esekif we did stretch (indeed) | sizkergen esegizif you all did stretch (indeed) | alakergen eseleif they did stretch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkermegen esemif I didn't stretch (indeed) | senkermegen eseŋif you didn't stretch (indeed) | olkermegen eseif he didn't stretch (indeed) | bizkermegen esekif we didn't stretch (indeed) | sizkermegen esegizif you all didn't stretch (indeed) | alakermegen eseleif they didn't stretch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkergen bolsamif I had stretched | senkergen bolsaŋif you had stretched | olkergen bolsaif he had stretched | bizkergen bolsaqif we had stretched | sizkergen bolsağızif you all had stretched | alakergen bolsalaif they had stretched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkermegen bolsamif I hadn't stretched | senkermegen bolsaŋif you hadn't stretched | olkermegen bolsaif he hadn't stretched | bizkermegen bolsaqif we hadn't stretched | sizkermegen bolsağızif you all hadn't stretched | alakermegen bolsalaif they hadn't stretched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkergen bolsam edikergen bolsam edif only I had stretched | senkergen bolsaŋ edikergen bolsaŋ edif only you had stretched | olkergen bolsa edikergen bolsaedif only he had stretched | bizkergen bolsaq edikergen bolsaq edif only we had stretched | sizkergen bolsağız edikergen bolsağız edif only you all had stretched | alakergen bolsala edikergen bolsalaedif only they had stretched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkermegen bolsam edikermegen bolsam edif only I hadn't stretched | senkermegen bolsaŋ edikermegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't stretched | olkermegen bolsa edikermegen bolsaedif only he hadn't stretched | bizkermegen bolsaq edikermegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't stretched | sizkermegen bolsağız edikermegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't stretched | alakermegen bolsala edikermegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't stretched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menkerir esemif I will stretch | senkerir eseŋif you will stretch | olkerir eseif he will stretch | bizkerir esekif we will stretch | sizkerir esegizif you all will stretch | alakerir eseleif they will stretch |
| Conditional, aorist | menkermez esemif I won't stretch | senkermez eseŋif you won't stretch | olkermez eseif he won't stretch | bizkermez esekif we won't stretch | sizkermez esegizif you all won't stretch | alakermez eseleif they won't stretch |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menkerlik esem4kerrik esemif I am going to stretch | senkerlik eseŋ4kerrik eseŋif you are going to stretch | olkerlik ese4kerrik eseif he is going to stretch | bizkerlik esek4kerrik esekif we are going to stretch | sizkerlik esegiz4kerrik esegizif you all are going to stretch | alakerlik esele4kerrik eseleif they are going to stretch |
| Conditional, future | menkerlik tül esem4kerrik tül esemif I am not going to stretch | senkerlik tül eseŋ4kerrik tül eseŋif you are not going to stretch | olkerlik tül ese4kerrik tül eseif he is not going to stretch | bizkerlik tül esek4kerrik tül esekif we are not going to stretch | sizkerlik tül esegiz4kerrik tül esegizif you all are not going to stretch | alakerlik tül esele4kerrik tül eseleif they are not going to stretch |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkerlik bolsam5kerrik bolsamif I were going to stretch | senkerlik bolsaŋ5kerrik bolsaŋif you were going to stretch | olkerlik bolsa5kerrik bolsaif he were going to stretch | bizkerlik bolsaq5kerrik bolsaqif we were going to stretch | sizkerlik bolsağız5kerrik bolsağızif you all were going to stretch | alakerlik bolsala5kerrik bolsalaif they were going to stretch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkermezlik bolsamif I were not going to stretch | senkermezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to stretch | olkermezlik bolsaif he were not going to stretch | bizkermezlik bolsaqif we were not going to stretch | sizkermezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to stretch | alakermezlik bolsalaif they were not going to stretch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso kerdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kerrik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kerrik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkere bolurmaI must be stretching | senkere bolursayou must be stretching | olkere bolurhe must be stretching | bizkere bolurbuzwe must be stretching | sizkere bolursuzyou all must be stretching | alakere bolurlathey must be stretching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkermey bolurmaI must not be stretching | senkermey bolursayou must not be stretching | olkermey bolurhe must not be stretching | bizkermey bolurbuzwe must not be stretching | sizkermey bolursuzyou all must not be stretching | alakermey bolurlathey must not be stretching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkere tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of stretching | senkere tura bolursayou must be in the middle of stretching | olkere tura bolurhe must be in the middle of stretching | bizkere tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of stretching | sizkere tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of stretching | alakere tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of stretching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkermey tura bolurmaI must keep on not stretching | senkermey tura bolursayou must keep on not stretching | olkermey tura bolurhe must keep on not stretching | bizkermey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not stretching | sizkermey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not stretching | alakermey tura bolurlathey must keep on not stretching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkergen bolurmaI must have stretched | senkergen bolursayou must have stretched | olkergen bolurhe must have stretched | bizkergen bolurbuzwe must have stretched | sizkergen bolursuzyou all must have stretched | alakergen bolurlathey must have stretched |
| Inference (must have) | menkermegen bolurmaI must not have stretched | senkermegen bolursayou must not have stretched | olkermegen bolurhe must not have stretched | bizkermegen bolurbuzwe must not have stretched | sizkermegen bolursuzyou all must not have stretched | alakermegen bolurlathey must not have stretched |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkerlik bolurma6kerrik bolurmaI must be going to stretch | senkerlik bolursa6kerrik bolursayou must be going to stretch | olkerlik bolur6kerrik bolurhe must be going to stretch | bizkerlik bolurbuz6kerrik bolurbuzwe must be going to stretch | sizkerlik bolursuz6kerrik bolursuzyou all must be going to stretch | alakerlik bolurla6kerrik bolurlathey must be going to stretch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkermezlik bolurmaI must not be going to stretch | senkermezlik bolursayou must not be going to stretch | olkermezlik bolurhe must not be going to stretch | bizkermezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to stretch | sizkermezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to stretch | alakermezlik bolurlathey must not be going to stretch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kerrik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menkereyimlet me stretch | senker!stretch! | olkersinlet him stretch | bizkereyiklet's stretch | sizkerigiz!stretch, you all! | alakersinlelet them stretch |
| Commands & suggestions | menkermeyimlet me not stretch | senkerme!don't stretch! | olkermesinlet him not stretch | bizkermeyiklet's not stretch | sizkermegiz!don't stretch, you all! | alakermesinlelet them not stretch |
| Commands & suggestions | menkereyimmi?shall I stretch? | olkersinmi?should he stretch? | bizkereyikmi?shall we stretch? | alakersinlemi?should they stretch? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkermeyimmi?shall I not stretch? | olkermesinmi?should he not stretch? | bizkermeyikmi?shall we not stretch? | alakermesinlemi?should they not stretch? | ||
| Requests | senkerçi7kerçinplease stretch | olkersinçido let him stretch | sizkerçigizplease stretch (plural/polite) | alakersinleçido let them stretch | ||
| Requests | senkermeçi7kermeçinplease don't stretch | olkermesinçido let him not stretch | sizkermeçigizplease don't stretch (plural/polite) | alakermesinleçido let them not stretch | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkerginkergimay you stretch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkermeginkermegimay you not stretch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkergey edim kerge edimwould that I stretched | senkergey ediŋ kerge ediŋwould that you stretched | olkergey edi kerge ediwould that he stretched | bizkergey edik kerge edikwould that we stretched | sizkergey edigiz kerge edigizwould that you all stretched | alakergey edile kerge edilewould that they stretched |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkermegey edim kermege edimwould that I did not stretch | senkermegey ediŋ kermege ediŋwould that you did not stretch | olkermegey edi kermege ediwould that he did not stretch | bizkermegey edik kermege edikwould that we did not stretch | sizkermegey edigiz kermege edigizwould that you all did not stretch | alakermegey edile kermege edilewould that they did not stretch |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkermege qoyayımkerme qoyayımlet me allow someone to stretch | senkermege qoy!kerme qoy!let someone stretch! | olkermege qoysunkerme qoysunlet him allow someone to stretch | bizkermege qoyayıqkerme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to stretch | sizkermege qoyuğuz!kerme qoyuğuz!let someone stretch, you all! | alakermege qoysunlakerme qoysunlalet them allow someone to stretch |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkermege qoymayımkerme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to stretch | senkermege qoyma!kerme qoyma!don't let someone stretch! | olkermege qoymasınkerme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to stretch | bizkermege qoymayıqkerme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to stretch | sizkermege qoymağız!kerme qoymağız!don't let someone stretch, you all! | alakermege qoymasınlakerme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to stretch |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkermege qoyayımmı?kerme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to stretch? | olkermege qoysunmu?kerme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to stretch? | bizkermege qoyayıqmı?kerme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to stretch? | alakermege qoysunlamı?kerme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to stretch? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkermege qoymayımmı?kerme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to stretch? | olkermege qoymasınmı?kerme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to stretch? | bizkermege qoymayıqmı?kerme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to stretch? | alakermege qoymasınlamı?kerme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to stretch? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkermege qoyamakerme qoyamaI allow someone to stretch | senkermege qoyasakerme qoyasayou allow someone to stretch | olkermege qoyadıkerme qoyadıhe allows someone to stretch | bizkermege qoyabızkerme qoyabızwe allow someone to stretch | sizkermege qoyasızkerme qoyasızyou all allow someone to stretch | alakermege qoyadılakerme qoyadılathey allow someone to stretch |
| Let someone… (present) | menkermege qoymaymakerme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to stretch | senkermege qoymaysakerme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to stretch | olkermege qoymaydıkerme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to stretch | bizkermege qoymaybızkerme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to stretch | sizkermege qoymaysızkerme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to stretch | alakermege qoymaydılakerme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to stretch |
| Let someone… (present) | menkermege qoyamamı?kerme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to stretch? | senkermege qoyamısa?kerme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to stretch? | olkermege qoyamıdı?kerme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to stretch? | bizkermege qoyabızmı?kerme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to stretch? | sizkermege qoyamısız?kerme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to stretch? | alakermege qoyamıdıla?kerme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to stretch? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkermege qoymaymamı?kerme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to stretch? | senkermege qoymaymısa?kerme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to stretch? | olkermege qoymaymıdı?kerme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to stretch? | bizkermege qoymaybızmı?kerme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to stretch? | sizkermege qoymaymısız?kerme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to stretch? | alakermege qoymaymıdıla?kerme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to stretch? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkermege qoydumkerme qoydumI allowed someone to stretch | senkermege qoyduŋkerme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to stretch | olkermege qoydukerme qoyduhe allowed someone to stretch | bizkermege qoyduqkerme qoyduqwe allowed someone to stretch | sizkermege qoyduğuzkerme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to stretch | alakermege qoydulakerme qoydulathey allowed someone to stretch |
| Let someone… (past) | menkermege qoymadımkerme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to stretch | senkermege qoymadıŋkerme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to stretch | olkermege qoymadıkerme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to stretch | bizkermege qoymadıqkerme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to stretch | sizkermege qoymadığızkerme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to stretch | alakermege qoymadılakerme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to stretch |
| Let someone… (past) | menkermege qoydummu?kerme qoydummu?did I allow someone to stretch? | senkermege qoyduŋmu?kerme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to stretch? | olkermege qoydumu?kerme qoydumu?did he allow someone to stretch? | bizkermege qoyduqmu?kerme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to stretch? | sizkermege qoyduğuzmu?kerme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to stretch? | alakermege qoydulamı?kerme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to stretch? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkermege qoymadımmı?kerme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to stretch? | senkermege qoymadıŋmı?kerme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to stretch? | olkermege qoymadımı?kerme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to stretch? | bizkermege qoymadıqmı?kerme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to stretch? | sizkermege qoymadığızmı?kerme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to stretch? | alakermege qoymadılamı?kerme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to stretch? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkeralamaI can stretch | senkeralasayou can stretch | olkeraladıhe can stretch | bizkeralabızwe can stretch | sizkeralasızyou all can stretch | alakeraladılathey can stretch |
| Ability — present | menkeralmaymaI can't stretch | senkeralmaysayou can't stretch | olkeralmaydıhe can't stretch | bizkeralmaybızwe can't stretch | sizkeralmaysızyou all can't stretch | alakeralmaydılathey can't stretch |
| Ability — present | menkeralamamı? keralamıma?can I stretch? | senkeralamısa?can you stretch? | olkeralamıdı?can he stretch? | bizkeralabızmı? keralamıbız?can we stretch? | sizkeralamısız?can you all stretch? | alakeralamıdıla?can they stretch? |
| Ability — present | menkeralmaymamı? keralmaymıma?can't I stretch? | senkeralmaymısa?can't you stretch? | olkeralmaymıdı?can't he stretch? | bizkeralmaybızmı? keralmaymıbız?can't we stretch? | sizkeralmaymısız?can't you all stretch? | alakeralmaymıdıla?can't they stretch? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkeralsamif I can stretch | senkeralsaŋif you can stretch | olkeralsaif he can stretch | bizkeralsaqif we can stretch | sizkeralsağızif you all can stretch | alakeralsalaif they can stretch |
| Ability — if I can… | menkeralmasamif I can't stretch | senkeralmasaŋif you can't stretch | olkeralmasaif he can't stretch | bizkeralmasaqif we can't stretch | sizkeralmasağızif you all can't stretch | alakeralmasalaif they can't stretch |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkeraldımI was able to stretch | senkeraldıŋyou were able to stretch | olkeraldıhe was able to stretch | bizkeraldıqwe were able to stretch | sizkeraldığızyou all were able to stretch | alakeraldılathey were able to stretch |
| Ability — simple past | menkeralmadımI could not stretch | senkeralmadıŋyou could not stretch | olkeralmadıhe could not stretch | bizkeralmadıqwe could not stretch | sizkeralmadığızyou all could not stretch | alakeralmadılathey could not stretch |
| Ability — simple past | menkeraldımmı?was I able to stretch? | senkeraldıŋmı?were you able to stretch? | olkeraldımı?was he able to stretch? | bizkeraldıqmı?were we able to stretch? | sizkeraldığızmı?were you all able to stretch? | alakeraldılamı?were they able to stretch? |
| Ability — simple past | menkeralmadımmı?couldn't I stretch? | senkeralmadıŋmı?couldn't you stretch? | olkeralmadımı?couldn't he stretch? | bizkeralmadıqmı?couldn't we stretch? | sizkeralmadığızmı?couldn't you all stretch? | alakeralmadılamı?couldn't they stretch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkeralğanmaI have been able to stretch | senkeralğansayou have been able to stretch | olkeralğandıhe has been able to stretch | bizkeralğanbızwe have been able to stretch | sizkeralğansızyou all have been able to stretch | alakeralğandılathey have been able to stretch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkeralmağanmaI haven't been able to stretch | senkeralmağansayou haven't been able to stretch | olkeralmağandıhe hasn't been able to stretch | bizkeralmağanbızwe haven't been able to stretch | sizkeralmağansızyou all haven't been able to stretch | alakeralmağandılathey haven't been able to stretch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkeralğanmamı? keralğanmıma?have I been able to stretch? | senkeralğanmısa?have you been able to stretch? | olkeralğanmıdı?has he been able to stretch? | bizkeralğanbızmı? keralğanmıbız?have we been able to stretch? | sizkeralğanmısız?have you all been able to stretch? | alakeralğanmıdıla?have they been able to stretch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkeralmağanmamı? keralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to stretch? | senkeralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to stretch? | olkeralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to stretch? | bizkeralmağanbızmı? keralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to stretch? | sizkeralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to stretch? | alakeralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to stretch? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkeralğan edimkeralğanemI had been able to stretch | senkeralğan ediŋkeralğaneŋyou had been able to stretch | olkeralğan edikeralğanedhe had been able to stretch | bizkeralğan edikkeralğanekwe had been able to stretch | sizkeralğan edigizkeralğanegizyou all had been able to stretch | alakeralğan edilekeralğanellethey had been able to stretch |
| Ability — past perfect | menkeralmağan edimkeralmağanemI hadn't been able to stretch | senkeralmağan ediŋkeralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to stretch | olkeralmağan edikeralmağanedhe hadn't been able to stretch | bizkeralmağan edikkeralmağanekwe hadn't been able to stretch | sizkeralmağan edigizkeralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to stretch | alakeralmağan edilekeralmağanellethey hadn't been able to stretch |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkerala edimkeralaemI could stretch | senkerala ediŋkeralaeŋyou could stretch | olkerala edikeralaedhe could stretch | bizkerala edikkeralaekwe could stretch | sizkerala edigizkeralaegizyou all could stretch | alakerala edilekeralaellethey could stretch |
| Ability — past background | menkeralmay edimkeralmayemI could not stretch | senkeralmay ediŋkeralmayeŋyou could not stretch | olkeralmay edikeralmayedhe could not stretch | bizkeralmay edikkeralmayekwe could not stretch | sizkeralmay edigizkeralmayegizyou all could not stretch | alakeralmay edilekeralmayellethey could not stretch |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkeralırmaI will be able to stretch | senkeralırsayou will be able to stretch | olkeralırhe will be able to stretch | bizkeralırbızwe will be able to stretch | sizkeralırsızyou all will be able to stretch | alakeralırlathey will be able to stretch |
| Ability — future I | menkeralmazmaI won't be able to stretch | senkeralmazsayou won't be able to stretch | olkeralmazhe won't be able to stretch | bizkeralmazbızwe won't be able to stretch | sizkeralmazsızyou all won't be able to stretch | alakeralmazlathey won't be able to stretch |
| Ability — future I | menkeralırmamı? keralırmıma?will I be able to stretch? | senkeralırmısa?will you be able to stretch? | olkeralırmı?will he be able to stretch? | bizkeralırbızmı? keralırmıbız?will we be able to stretch? | sizkeralırmısız?will you all be able to stretch? | alakeralırlamı? keralırmıla?will they be able to stretch? |
| Ability — future I | menkeralmazmamı? keralmazmıma?won't I be able to stretch? | senkeralmazmısa?won't you be able to stretch? | olkeralmazmı?won't he be able to stretch? | bizkeralmazbızmı? keralmazmıbız?won't we be able to stretch? | sizkeralmazmısız?won't you all be able to stretch? | alakeralmazlamı? keralmazmıla?won't they be able to stretch? |
| Ability — future II | menkerallıqmaI am going to be able to stretch | senkerallıqsayou are going to be able to stretch | olkerallıqdıhe is going to be able to stretch | bizkerallıqbızwe are going to be able to stretch | sizkerallıqsızyou all are going to be able to stretch | alakerallıqdılathey are going to be able to stretch |
| Ability — future II | menkerallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to stretch | senkerallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to stretch | olkerallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to stretch | bizkerallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to stretch | sizkerallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to stretch | alakerallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to stretch |
| Ability — future II | menkerallıqmamı? kerallıqmıma?am I going to be able to stretch? | senkerallıqmısa?are you going to be able to stretch? | olkerallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to stretch? | bizkerallıqbızmı? kerallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to stretch? | sizkerallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to stretch? | alakerallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to stretch? |
| Ability — future II | menkerallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to stretch? | senkerallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to stretch? | olkerallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to stretch? | bizkerallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to stretch? | sizkerallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to stretch? | alakerallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to stretch? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkeralır edimkeralır emI would be able to stretch | senkeralır ediŋkeralır eŋyou would be able to stretch | olkeralır edikeralır edhe would be able to stretch | bizkeralır edikkeralır ekwe would be able to stretch | sizkeralır edigizkeralır egizyou all would be able to stretch | alakeralır edilekeralır ellethey would be able to stretch |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkeralmaz edimkeralmaz emI wouldn't be able to stretch | senkeralmaz ediŋkeralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to stretch | olkeralmaz edikeralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to stretch | bizkeralmaz edikkeralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to stretch | sizkeralmaz edigizkeralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to stretch | alakeralmaz edilekeralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to stretch |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkeralğınkeralğımay you be able to stretch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkeralmağınkeralmağımay you not be able to stretch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menkerirge izleymeI want to stretch | senkerirge izleyseyou want to stretch | olkerirge izleydihe wants to stretch | bizkerirge izleybizwe want to stretch | sizkerirge izleysizyou all want to stretch | alakerirge izleydilethey want to stretch |
| want to | menkerirge izlemeymeI do not want to stretch | senkerirge izlemeyseyou do not want to stretch | olkerirge izlemeydihe does not want to stretch | bizkerirge izlemeybizwe do not want to stretch | sizkerirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to stretch | alakerirge izlemeydilethey do not want to stretch |
| would like to | menkerirge süemeI would like to stretch | senkerirge süeseyou would like to stretch | olkerirge süedihe would like to stretch | bizkerirge süebizwe would like to stretch | sizkerirge süesizyou all would like to stretch | alakerirge süedilethey would like to stretch |
| would like to | menkerirge süymeymeI would not like to stretch | senkerirge süymeyseyou would not like to stretch | olkerirge süymeydihe would not like to stretch | bizkerirge süymeybizwe would not like to stretch | sizkerirge süymeysizyou all would not like to stretch | alakerirge süymeydilethey would not like to stretch |
| hope to | menkerirge umutlanamaI hope to stretch | senkerirge umutlanasayou hope to stretch | olkerirge umutlanadıhe hopes to stretch | bizkerirge umutlanabızwe hope to stretch | sizkerirge umutlanasızyou all hope to stretch | alakerirge umutlanadılathey hope to stretch |
| hope to | menkerirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to stretch | senkerirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to stretch | olkerirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to stretch | bizkerirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to stretch | sizkerirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to stretch | alakerirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to stretch |
| be about to | menkerirge deb turamaI am about to stretch | senkerirge deb turasayou are about to stretch | olkerirge deb turadıhe is about to stretch | bizkerirge deb turabızwe are about to stretch | sizkerirge deb turasızyou all are about to stretch | alakerirge deb turadılathey are about to stretch |
| be about to | menkerirge deb turmaymaI am not about to stretch | senkerirge deb turmaysayou are not about to stretch | olkerirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to stretch | bizkerirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to stretch | sizkerirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to stretch | alakerirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to stretch |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menkerirge kerekmeI need to stretch | senkerirge kerekseyou need to stretch | olkerirge kerekdihe needs to stretch | bizkerirge kerekbizwe need to stretch | sizkerirge kereksizyou all need to stretch | alakerirge kerekdilethey need to stretch |
| need to | menkerirge kerek tülmeI do not need to stretch | senkerirge kerek tülseyou do not need to stretch | olkerirge kerek tüldühe does not need to stretch | bizkerirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to stretch | sizkerirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to stretch | alakerirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to stretch |
| have to | menmenŋe kerirge tüşediI have to stretch | sensenŋe kerirge tüşediyou have to stretch | olaŋa kerirge tüşedihe has to stretch | bizbizge kerirge tüşediwe have to stretch | sizsizge kerirge tüşediyou all have to stretch | alaalağa kerirge tüşedithey have to stretch |
| have to | menmenŋe kerirge tüşmeydiI do not have to stretch | sensenŋe kerirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to stretch | olaŋa kerirge tüşmeydihe does not have to stretch | bizbizge kerirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to stretch | sizsizge kerirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to stretch | alaalağa kerirge tüşmeydithey do not have to stretch |
| be obliged to | menkerirge borçlumaI am obliged to stretch | senkerirge borçlusayou are obliged to stretch | olkerirge borçluduhe is obliged to stretch | bizkerirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to stretch | sizkerirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to stretch | alakerirge borçludulathey are obliged to stretch |
| be obliged to | menkerirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to stretch | senkerirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to stretch | olkerirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to stretch | bizkerirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to stretch | sizkerirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to stretch | alakerirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to stretch |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menkerirge madarım bardıI have a way to stretch | senkerirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to stretch | olkerirge madarı bardıhe has a way to stretch | bizkerirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to stretch | sizkerirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to stretch | alakerirge madarları bardıthey have a way to stretch |
| have a way to | menkerirge madarım joqduI have no way to stretch | senkerirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to stretch | olkerirge madarı joqduhe has no way to stretch | bizkerirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to stretch | sizkerirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to stretch | alakerirge madarları joqduthey have no way to stretch |
| be free to | menkerirge erkinligim bardıI am free to stretch | senkerirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to stretch | olkerirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to stretch | bizkerirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to stretch | sizkerirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to stretch | alakerirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to stretch |
| be free to | menkerirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to stretch | senkerirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to stretch | olkerirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to stretch | bizkerirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to stretch | sizkerirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to stretch | alakerirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to stretch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kerirge bolluqduit is possible for me to stretch | sensenŋe kerirge bolluqduit is possible for you to stretch | olaŋa kerirge bolluqduit is possible for him to stretch | bizbizge kerirge bolluqduit is possible for us to stretch | sizsizge kerirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to stretch | alaalağa kerirge bolluqduit is possible for them to stretch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kerirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to stretch | sensenŋe kerirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to stretch | olaŋa kerirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to stretch | bizbizge kerirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to stretch | sizsizge kerirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to stretch | alaalağa kerirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to stretch |
| be ready to | menkerirge hazırmaI am ready to stretch | senkerirge hazırsayou are ready to stretch | olkerirge hazırdıhe is ready to stretch | bizkerirge hazırbızwe are ready to stretch | sizkerirge hazırsızyou all are ready to stretch | alakerirge hazırdılathey are ready to stretch |
| be ready to | menkerirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to stretch | senkerirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to stretch | olkerirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to stretch | bizkerirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to stretch | sizkerirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to stretch | alakerirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to stretch |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menkerirge küreşemeI am trying to stretch | senkerirge küreşeseyou are trying to stretch | olkerirge küreşedihe is trying to stretch | bizkerirge küreşebizwe are trying to stretch | sizkerirge küreşesizyou all are trying to stretch | alakerirge küreşedilethey are trying to stretch |
| try to | menkerirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to stretch | senkerirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to stretch | olkerirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to stretch | bizkerirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to stretch | sizkerirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to stretch | alakerirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to stretch |
| agree to | menkerirge unaymaI agree to stretch | senkerirge unaysayou agree to stretch | olkerirge unaydıhe agrees to stretch | bizkerirge unaybızwe agree to stretch | sizkerirge unaysızyou all agree to stretch | alakerirge unaydılathey agree to stretch |
| agree to | menkerirge unamaymaI refuse to stretch | senkerirge unamaysayou refuse to stretch | olkerirge unamaydıhe refuses to stretch | bizkerirge unamaybızwe refuse to stretch | sizkerirge unamaysızyou all refuse to stretch | alakerirge unamaydılathey refuse to stretch |
| hurry to | menkerirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to stretch | senkerirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to stretch | olkerirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to stretch | bizkerirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to stretch | sizkerirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to stretch | alakerirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to stretch |
| hurry to | menkerirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to stretch | senkerirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to stretch | olkerirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to stretch | bizkerirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to stretch | sizkerirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to stretch | alakerirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to stretch |
| be afraid to | menkerirge qorqamaI am afraid to stretch | senkerirge qorqasayou are afraid to stretch | olkerirge qorqadıhe is afraid to stretch | bizkerirge qorqabızwe are afraid to stretch | sizkerirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to stretch | alakerirge qorqadılathey are afraid to stretch |
| be afraid to | menkerirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to stretch | senkerirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to stretch | olkerirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to stretch | bizkerirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to stretch | sizkerirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to stretch | alakerirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to stretch |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menkere bolmazmaI can't be stretching | senkere bolmazsayou can't be stretching | olkere bolmazhe can't be stretching | bizkere bolmazbızwe can't be stretching | sizkere bolmazsızyou all can't be stretching | alakere bolmazlathey can't be stretching |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkermey bolmazmaI must be stretching (emphatic) | senkermey bolmazsayou must be stretching (emphatic) | olkermey bolmazhe must be stretching (emphatic) | bizkermey bolmazbızwe must be stretching (emphatic) | sizkermey bolmazsızyou all must be stretching (emphatic) | alakermey bolmazlathey must be stretching (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menkere turmasamif I don't keep stretching | senkere turmasaŋif you don't keep stretching | olkere turmasaif he doesn't keep stretching | bizkere turmasaqif we don't keep stretching | sizkere turmasağızif you all don't keep stretching | alakere turmasalaif they don't keep stretching |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menkere tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of stretching | senkere tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of stretching | olkere tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of stretching | bizkere tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of stretching | sizkere tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of stretching | alakere tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of stretching |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkermey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not stretching (emphatic) | senkermey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not stretching (emphatic) | olkermey tura bolmazhe must keep on not stretching (emphatic) | bizkermey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not stretching (emphatic) | sizkermey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not stretching (emphatic) | alakermey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not stretching (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkermey turamaI keep on not stretching | senkermey turasayou keep on not stretching | olkermey turadıhe keeps on not stretching | bizkermey turabızwe keep on not stretching | sizkermey turasızyou all keep on not stretching | alakermey turadılathey keep on not stretching |
| Progressive — double negation | menkermey turmaymaI am not keeping on not stretching | senkermey turmaysayou are not keeping on not stretching | olkermey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not stretching | bizkermey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not stretching | sizkermey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not stretching | alakermey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not stretching |
| Progressive — double negation | menkermey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not stretching? | senkermey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not stretching? | olkermey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not stretching? | bizkermey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not stretching? | sizkermey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not stretching? | alakermey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not stretching? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkergen bolmazmaI can't have stretched | senkergen bolmazsayou can't have stretched | olkergen bolmazhe can't have stretched | bizkergen bolmazbızwe can't have stretched | sizkergen bolmazsızyou all can't have stretched | alakergen bolmazlathey can't have stretched |
| Inference — double negation | menkermegen bolmazmaI must have stretched (emphatic) | senkermegen bolmazsayou must have stretched (emphatic) | olkermegen bolmazhe must have stretched (emphatic) | bizkermegen bolmazbızwe must have stretched (emphatic) | sizkermegen bolmazsızyou all must have stretched (emphatic) | alakermegen bolmazlathey must have stretched (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkergen bolmasamif it weren't that I had stretched | senkergen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had stretched | olkergen bolmasaif it weren't that he had stretched | bizkergen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had stretched | sizkergen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had stretched | alakergen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had stretched |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkermegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't stretched | senkermegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't stretched | olkermegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't stretched | bizkermegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't stretched | sizkermegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't stretched | alakermegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't stretched |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menkerlik bolmazmaI can't be going to stretch | senkerlik bolmazsayou can't be going to stretch | olkerlik bolmazhe can't be going to stretch | bizkerlik bolmazbızwe can't be going to stretch | sizkerlik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to stretch | alakerlik bolmazlathey can't be going to stretch |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkermezlik bolmazmaI must be going to stretch (emphatic) | senkermezlik bolmazsayou must be going to stretch (emphatic) | olkermezlik bolmazhe must be going to stretch (emphatic) | bizkermezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to stretch (emphatic) | sizkermezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to stretch (emphatic) | alakermezlik bolmazlathey must be going to stretch (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menkerlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to stretch | senkerlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to stretch | olkerlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to stretch | bizkerlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to stretch | sizkerlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to stretch | alakerlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to stretch |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkermezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to stretch | senkermezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to stretch | olkermezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to stretch | bizkermezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to stretch | sizkermezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to stretch | alakermezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to stretch |