jüzerge
/dʒyzerɡe/
1. swim
- teŋizde jüzerge — to swim in the sea
- balıqça jüzerge — to swim like a fish
- jüzerge usta — skilled at swimming
- jüzüb çığarğa — to swim out
2. sail, float, travel by boat
- keme teŋizde jüzedi — the ship sails on the sea
- jüzüb keterge — to sail away
- jüzüb kelirge — to come by water
- tolqunlanı jarıb jüzerge — to sail cutting through the waves
3. glide, drift; glide smoothly (through the air, over the ground, or of a machine)
- bulutla kökde jüzedile — the clouds drift across the sky
- quş hawada jüzedi — a bird glides through the air
- jüzüb barğan bulut — a drifting cloud
4. slip past, dart through, dart into
- gözenŋe jüzerge — to nip into the storeroom
- jüzüb kirdi — he slipped inside
- eşikden jüzüb çıqdım — I slipped out the door
5. steal, pilfer, make off with one source
- kassağa jüzerge — to dip into the till
- jüzüb aldı — he made off with it
- jüzerge ürenŋendi — he has taken to pilfering
Conjugation
Common forms
- jüzedihe is swimming
- jüzdühe swam
- jüzgendihe has swum
- jüzerhe will swim
- jüzerikdihe is going to swim
- jüze edihe was swimming
- jüzseif he swims
- jüz!swim!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjüzemeI am swimming | senjüzeseyou are swimming | oljüzedihe is swimming | bizjüzebizwe are swimming | sizjüzesizyou all are swimming | alajüzedilethey are swimming |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjüzmeymeI am not swimming | senjüzmeyseyou are not swimming | oljüzmeydihe is not swimming | bizjüzmeybizwe are not swimming | sizjüzmeysizyou all are not swimming | alajüzmeydilethey are not swimming |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjüzememi? jüzemime?am I swimming? | senjüzemise?are you swimming? | oljüzemidi?is he swimming? | bizjüzebizmi? jüzemibiz?are we swimming? | sizjüzemisiz?are you all swimming? | alajüzemidile?are they swimming? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjüzmeymemi? jüzmeymime?aren't I swimming? | senjüzmeymise?aren't you swimming? | oljüzmeymidi?isn't he swimming? | bizjüzmeybizmi? jüzmeymibiz?aren't we swimming? | sizjüzmeymisiz?aren't you all swimming? | alajüzmeymidile?aren't they swimming? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjüzüwçenmeI usually swim | senjüzüwçenseyou usually swim | oljüzüwçendihe usually swims | bizjüzüwçenbizwe usually swim | sizjüzüwçensizyou all usually swim | alajüzüwçendilethey usually swim |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjüzmewçenmeI usually don't swim | senjüzmewçenseyou usually don't swim | oljüzmewçendihe usually doesn't swim | bizjüzmewçenbizwe usually don't swim | sizjüzmewçensizyou all usually don't swim | alajüzmewçendilethey usually don't swim |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjüzüwçenmemi? jüzüwçenmime?do I usually swim? | senjüzüwçenmise?do you usually swim? | oljüzüwçenmidi?does he usually swim? | bizjüzüwçenbizmi? jüzüwçenmibiz?do we usually swim? | sizjüzüwçenmisiz?do you all usually swim? | alajüzüwçenmidile?do they usually swim? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjüzmewçenmemi? jüzmewçenmime?do I usually not swim? | senjüzmewçenmise?do you usually not swim? | oljüzmewçenmidi?does he usually not swim? | bizjüzmewçenbizmi? jüzmewçenmibiz?do we usually not swim? | sizjüzmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not swim? | alajüzmewçenmidile?do they usually not swim? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljüzübdühe has swum and remains so | alajüzübdülethey have swum and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljüzübmüdü?has he swum? | alajüzübmüdüle?have they swum? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjüzüb turamaI keep swimming | senjüzüb turasayou keep swimming | oljüzüb turadıhe keeps swimming | bizjüzüb turabızwe keep swimming | sizjüzüb turasızyou all keep swimming | alajüzüb turadılathey keep swimming |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjüzüb turmaymaI don't keep swimming | senjüzüb turmaysayou don't keep swimming | oljüzüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep swimming | bizjüzüb turmaybızwe don't keep swimming | sizjüzüb turmaysızyou all don't keep swimming | alajüzüb turmaydılathey don't keep swimming |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjüzüb turamamı? jüzüb turamıma?do I keep swimming? | senjüzüb turamısa?do you keep swimming? | oljüzüb turamıdı?does he keep swimming? | bizjüzüb turabızmı? jüzüb turamıbız?do we keep swimming? | sizjüzüb turamısız?do you all keep swimming? | alajüzüb turamıdıla?do they keep swimming? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjüzüb turmaymamı? jüzüb turmaymıma?don't I keep swimming? | senjüzüb turmaymısa?don't you keep swimming? | oljüzüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep swimming? | bizjüzüb turmaybızmı? jüzüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep swimming? | sizjüzüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep swimming? | alajüzüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep swimming? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjüze turamaI am in the middle of swimming | senjüze turasayou are in the middle of swimming | oljüze turadıhe is in the middle of swimming | bizjüze turabızwe are in the middle of swimming | sizjüze turasızyou all are in the middle of swimming | alajüze turadılathey are in the middle of swimming |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjüze turmaymaI am not in the middle of swimming | senjüze turmaysayou are not in the middle of swimming | oljüze turmaydıhe is not in the middle of swimming | bizjüze turmaybızwe are not in the middle of swimming | sizjüze turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of swimming | alajüze turmaydılathey are not in the middle of swimming |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjüze turamamı? jüze turamıma?am I in the middle of swimming? | senjüze turamısa?are you in the middle of swimming? | oljüze turamıdı?is he in the middle of swimming? | bizjüze turabızmı? jüze turamıbız?are we in the middle of swimming? | sizjüze turamısız?are you all in the middle of swimming? | alajüze turamıdıla?are they in the middle of swimming? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjüze turmaymamı? jüze turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of swimming? | senjüze turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of swimming? | oljüze turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of swimming? | bizjüze turmaybızmı? jüze turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of swimming? | sizjüze turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of swimming? | alajüze turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of swimming? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjüzdümI swam | senjüzdüŋyou swam | oljüzdühe swam | bizjüzdükwe swam | sizjüzdügüzyou all swam | alajüzdülethey swam |
| Simple past (definite) | menjüzmedimI didn't swim | senjüzmediŋyou didn't swim | oljüzmedihe didn't swim | bizjüzmedikwe didn't swim | sizjüzmedigizyou all didn't swim | alajüzmedilethey didn't swim |
| Simple past (definite) | menjüzdümmü?did I swim? | senjüzdüŋmü?did you swim? | oljüzdümü?did he swim? | bizjüzdükmü?did we swim? | sizjüzdügüzmü?did you all swim? | alajüzdülemi?did they swim? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjüzmedimmi?didn't I swim? | senjüzmediŋmi?didn't you swim? | oljüzmedimi?didn't he swim? | bizjüzmedikmi?didn't we swim? | sizjüzmedigizmi?didn't you all swim? | alajüzmedilemi?didn't they swim? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjüzgenmeI have swum | senjüzgenseyou have swum | oljüzgendihe has swum | bizjüzgenbizwe have swum | sizjüzgensizyou all have swum | alajüzgendilethey have swum |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjüzmegenmeI haven't swum | senjüzmegenseyou haven't swum | oljüzmegendihe hasn't swum | bizjüzmegenbizwe haven't swum | sizjüzmegensizyou all haven't swum | alajüzmegendilethey haven't swum |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjüzgenmemi? jüzgenmime?have I swum? | senjüzgenmise?have you swum? | oljüzgenmidi?has he swum? | bizjüzgenbizmi? jüzgenmibiz?have we swum? | sizjüzgenmisiz?have you all swum? | alajüzgenmidile?have they swum? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjüzmegenmemi? jüzmegenmime?haven't I swum? | senjüzmegenmise?haven't you swum? | oljüzmegenmidi?hasn't he swum? | bizjüzmegenbizmi? jüzmegenmibiz?haven't we swum? | sizjüzmegenmisiz?haven't you all swum? | alajüzmegenmidile?haven't they swum? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjüzüb turdumI kept swimming | senjüzüb turduŋyou kept swimming | oljüzüb turduhe kept swimming | bizjüzüb turduqwe kept swimming | sizjüzüb turduğuzyou all kept swimming | alajüzüb turdulathey kept swimming |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjüzüb turmadımI didn't keep swimming | senjüzüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep swimming | oljüzüb turmadıhe didn't keep swimming | bizjüzüb turmadıqwe didn't keep swimming | sizjüzüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep swimming | alajüzüb turmadılathey didn't keep swimming |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjüzermeI will swim | senjüzerseyou will swim | oljüzerhe will swim | bizjüzerbizwe will swim | sizjüzersizyou all will swim | alajüzerlethey will swim |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjüzmezmeI won't swim | senjüzmezseyou won't swim | oljüzmezhe won't swim | bizjüzmezbizwe won't swim | sizjüzmezsizyou all won't swim | alajüzmezlethey won't swim |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjüzermemi? jüzermime?will I swim? | senjüzermise?will you swim? | oljüzermi?will he swim? | bizjüzerbizmi? jüzermibiz?will we swim? | sizjüzermisiz?will you all swim? | alajüzerlemi? jüzermile?will they swim? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjüzmezmemi? jüzmezmime?won't I swim? | senjüzmezmise?won't you swim? | oljüzmezmi?won't he swim? | bizjüzmezbizmi? jüzmezmibiz?won't we swim? | sizjüzmezmisiz?won't you all swim? | alajüzmezlemi? jüzmezmile?won't they swim? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjüzerikmeI am going to swim | senjüzerikseyou are going to swim | oljüzerikdihe is going to swim | bizjüzerikbizwe are going to swim | sizjüzeriksizyou all are going to swim | alajüzerikdilethey are going to swim |
| Definite future (future II) | menjüzerik tülmeI am not going to swim | senjüzerik tülseyou are not going to swim | oljüzerik tüldühe is not going to swim | bizjüzerik tülbüzwe are not going to swim | sizjüzerik tülsüzyou all are not going to swim | alajüzerik tüldülethey are not going to swim |
| Definite future (future II) | menjüzerikmemi? jüzerikmime?am I going to swim? | senjüzerikmise?are you going to swim? | oljüzerikmidi?is he going to swim? | bizjüzerikbizmi? jüzerikmibiz?are we going to swim? | sizjüzerikmisiz?are you all going to swim? | alajüzerikmidile?are they going to swim? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjüzerik tülmüme?aren't I going to swim? | senjüzerik tülmüse?aren't you going to swim? | oljüzerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to swim? | bizjüzerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to swim? | sizjüzerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to swim? | alajüzerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to swim? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjüzgen edimjüzgenemI had swum | senjüzgen ediŋjüzgeneŋyou had swum | oljüzgen edijüzgenedhe had swum | bizjüzgen edikjüzgenekwe had swum | sizjüzgen edigizjüzgenegizyou all had swum | alajüzgen edilejüzgenellethey had swum |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjüzmegen edimjüzmegenemI hadn't swum | senjüzmegen ediŋjüzmegeneŋyou hadn't swum | oljüzmegen edijüzmegenedhe hadn't swum | bizjüzmegen edikjüzmegenekwe hadn't swum | sizjüzmegen edigizjüzmegenegizyou all hadn't swum | alajüzmegen edilejüzmegenellethey hadn't swum |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjüze edimjüzemI was swimming | senjüze ediŋjüzeŋyou were swimming | oljüze edijüzedhe was swimming | bizjüze edikjüzekwe were swimming | sizjüze edigizjüzegizyou all were swimming | alajüze edilejüzellethey were swimming |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjüzmey edimjüzmeyemI wasn't swimming | senjüzmey ediŋjüzmeyeŋyou weren't swimming | oljüzmey edijüzmeyedhe wasn't swimming | bizjüzmey edikjüzmeyekwe weren't swimming | sizjüzmey edigizjüzmeyegizyou all weren't swimming | alajüzmey edilejüzmeyellethey weren't swimming |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjüzüwçen edimjüzüwçenemI used to swim | senjüzüwçen ediŋjüzüwçeneŋyou used to swim | oljüzüwçen edijüzüwçenedhe used to swim | bizjüzüwçen edikjüzüwçenekwe used to swim | sizjüzüwçen edigizjüzüwçenegizyou all used to swim | alajüzüwçen edilejüzüwçenellethey used to swim |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjüzmewçen edimjüzmewçenemI didn't use to swim | senjüzmewçen ediŋjüzmewçeneŋyou didn't use to swim | oljüzmewçen edijüzmewçenedhe didn't use to swim | bizjüzmewçen edikjüzmewçenekwe didn't use to swim | sizjüzmewçen edigizjüzmewçenegizyou all didn't use to swim | alajüzmewçen edilejüzmewçenellethey didn't use to swim |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljüzüb edihe had swum and remained so | alajüzüb edilethey had swum and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljüzüb tül edihe hadn't swum | alajüzüb tül edilethey hadn't swum | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjüzüb tura edimjüzüb turaemI had kept swimming | senjüzüb tura ediŋjüzüb turaeŋyou had kept swimming | oljüzüb tura edijüzüb turaedhe had kept swimming | bizjüzüb tura edikjüzüb turaekwe had kept swimming | sizjüzüb tura edigizjüzüb turaegizyou all had kept swimming | alajüzüb tura edilejüzüb turaellethey had kept swimming |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjüzüb turmay edimjüzüb turmayemI hadn't kept swimming | senjüzüb turmay ediŋjüzüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept swimming | oljüzüb turmay edijüzüb turmayedhe hadn't kept swimming | bizjüzüb turmay edikjüzüb turmayekwe hadn't kept swimming | sizjüzüb turmay edigizjüzüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept swimming | alajüzüb turmay edilejüzüb turmayellethey hadn't kept swimming |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjüze tura edimjüze turaemI was in the middle of swimming | senjüze tura ediŋjüze turaeŋyou were in the middle of swimming | oljüze tura edijüze turaedhe was in the middle of swimming | bizjüze tura edikjüze turaekwe were in the middle of swimming | sizjüze tura edigizjüze turaegizyou all were in the middle of swimming | alajüze tura edilejüze turaellethey were in the middle of swimming |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjüze turmay edimjüze turmayemI wasn't in the middle of swimming | senjüze turmay ediŋjüze turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of swimming | oljüze turmay edijüze turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of swimming | bizjüze turmay edikjüze turmayekwe weren't in the middle of swimming | sizjüze turmay edigizjüze turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of swimming | alajüze turmay edilejüze turmayellethey weren't in the middle of swimming |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjüzer edimjüzer emI would swim | senjüzer ediŋjüzer eŋyou would swim | oljüzer edijüzer edhe would swim | bizjüzer edikjüzer ekwe would swim | sizjüzer edigizjüzer egizyou all would swim | alajüzer edilejüzer ellethey would swim |
| Conditional result (would) | menjüzmez edimjüzmez emI wouldn't swim | senjüzmez ediŋjüzmez eŋyou wouldn't swim | oljüzmez edijüzmez edhe wouldn't swim | bizjüzmez edikjüzmez ekwe wouldn't swim | sizjüzmez edigizjüzmez egizyou all wouldn't swim | alajüzmez edilejüzmez ellethey wouldn't swim |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjüzerik edimjüzerik emI would have swum | senjüzerik ediŋjüzerik eŋyou would have swum | oljüzerik edijüzerik edhe would have swum | bizjüzerik edikjüzerik ekwe would have swum | sizjüzerik edigizjüzerik egizyou all would have swum | alajüzerik edilejüzerik ellethey would have swum |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjüzerik tül edimjüzerik tül emI wouldn't have swum | senjüzerik tül ediŋjüzerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have swum | oljüzerik tül edijüzerik tül edhe wouldn't have swum | bizjüzerik tül edikjüzerik tül ekwe wouldn't have swum | sizjüzerik tül edigizjüzerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have swum | alajüzerik tül edilejüzerik tül ellethey wouldn't have swum |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjüzsemif I swim | senjüzseŋif you swim | oljüzseif he swims | bizjüzsekif we swim | sizjüzsegizif you all swim | alajüzseleif they swim |
| Conditional | menjüzmesemif I don't swim | senjüzmeseŋif you don't swim | oljüzmeseif he doesn't swim | bizjüzmesekif we don't swim | sizjüzmesegizif you all don't swim | alajüzmeseleif they don't swim |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjüze esemif I am swimming | senjüze eseŋif you are swimming | oljüze eseif he is swimming | bizjüze esekif we are swimming | sizjüze esegizif you all are swimming | alajüze eseleif they are swimming |
| Conditional, present real | menjüzmey esemif I am not swimming | senjüzmey eseŋif you are not swimming | oljüzmey eseif he is not swimming | bizjüzmey esekif we are not swimming | sizjüzmey esegizif you all are not swimming | alajüzmey eseleif they are not swimming |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjüzsem edijüzsem edif only I swam | senjüzseŋ edijüzseŋ edif only you swam | oljüzse edijüzsedif only he swam | bizjüzsek edijüzsek edif only we swam | sizjüzsegiz edijüzsegiz edif only you all swam | alajüzsele edijüzseledif only they swam |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjüzmesem edijüzmesem edif only I didn't swim | senjüzmeseŋ edijüzmeseŋ edif only you didn't swim | oljüzmese edijüzmesedif only he didn't swim | bizjüzmesek edijüzmesek edif only we didn't swim | sizjüzmesegiz edijüzmesegiz edif only you all didn't swim | alajüzmesele edijüzmeseledif only they didn't swim |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjüzüb tursamif I carry on swimming | senjüzüb tursaŋif you carry on swimming | oljüzüb tursaif he carries on swimming | bizjüzüb tursaqif we carry on swimming | sizjüzüb tursağızif you all carry on swimming | alajüzüb tursalaif they carry on swimming |
| Durative conditional | menjüzüb turmasamif I don't carry on swimming | senjüzüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on swimming | oljüzüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on swimming | bizjüzüb turmasaqif we don't carry on swimming | sizjüzüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on swimming | alajüzüb turmasalaif they don't carry on swimming |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjüzüb tura esemif I have kept swimming | senjüzüb tura eseŋif you have kept swimming | oljüzüb tura eseif he has kept swimming | bizjüzüb tura esekif we have kept swimming | sizjüzüb tura esegizif you all have kept swimming | alajüzüb tura eseleif they have kept swimming |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjüzüb turmay esemif I haven't kept swimming | senjüzüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept swimming | oljüzüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept swimming | bizjüzüb turmay esekif we haven't kept swimming | sizjüzüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept swimming | alajüzüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept swimming |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjüze tursamif I keep swimming | senjüze tursaŋif you keep swimming | oljüze tursaif he keeps swimming | bizjüze tursaqif we keep swimming | sizjüze tursağızif you all keep swimming | alajüze tursalaif they keep swimming |
| Progressive conditional | menjüzmey tursamif I keep on not swimming | senjüzmey tursaŋif you keep on not swimming | oljüzmey tursaif he keeps on not swimming | bizjüzmey tursaqif we keep on not swimming | sizjüzmey tursağızif you all keep on not swimming | alajüzmey tursalaif they keep on not swimming |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjüze tura esemif I am in the middle of swimming | senjüze tura eseŋif you are in the middle of swimming | oljüze tura eseif he is in the middle of swimming | bizjüze tura esekif we are in the middle of swimming | sizjüze tura esegizif you all are in the middle of swimming | alajüze tura eseleif they are in the middle of swimming |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjüzmey tura esemif I keep on not swimming | senjüzmey tura eseŋif you keep on not swimming | oljüzmey tura eseif he keeps on not swimming | bizjüzmey tura esekif we keep on not swimming | sizjüzmey tura esegizif you all keep on not swimming | alajüzmey tura eseleif they keep on not swimming |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjüzdüm esemif I swam | senjüzdüŋ eseŋif you swam | oljüzdü eseif he swam | bizjüzdük esekif we swam | sizjüzdügüz esegizif you all swam | alajüzdüle eseleif they swam |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjüzmedim esemif I didn't swim | senjüzmediŋ eseŋif you didn't swim | oljüzmedi eseif he didn't swim | bizjüzmedik esekif we didn't swim | sizjüzmedigiz esegizif you all didn't swim | alajüzmedile eseleif they didn't swim |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjüzgen esemif I did swim (indeed) | senjüzgen eseŋif you did swim (indeed) | oljüzgen eseif he did swim (indeed) | bizjüzgen esekif we did swim (indeed) | sizjüzgen esegizif you all did swim (indeed) | alajüzgen eseleif they did swim (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjüzmegen esemif I didn't swim (indeed) | senjüzmegen eseŋif you didn't swim (indeed) | oljüzmegen eseif he didn't swim (indeed) | bizjüzmegen esekif we didn't swim (indeed) | sizjüzmegen esegizif you all didn't swim (indeed) | alajüzmegen eseleif they didn't swim (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjüzgen bolsamif I had swum | senjüzgen bolsaŋif you had swum | oljüzgen bolsaif he had swum | bizjüzgen bolsaqif we had swum | sizjüzgen bolsağızif you all had swum | alajüzgen bolsalaif they had swum |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjüzmegen bolsamif I hadn't swum | senjüzmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't swum | oljüzmegen bolsaif he hadn't swum | bizjüzmegen bolsaqif we hadn't swum | sizjüzmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't swum | alajüzmegen bolsalaif they hadn't swum |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjüzgen bolsam edijüzgen bolsam edif only I had swum | senjüzgen bolsaŋ edijüzgen bolsaŋ edif only you had swum | oljüzgen bolsa edijüzgen bolsaedif only he had swum | bizjüzgen bolsaq edijüzgen bolsaq edif only we had swum | sizjüzgen bolsağız edijüzgen bolsağız edif only you all had swum | alajüzgen bolsala edijüzgen bolsalaedif only they had swum |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjüzmegen bolsam edijüzmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't swum | senjüzmegen bolsaŋ edijüzmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't swum | oljüzmegen bolsa edijüzmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't swum | bizjüzmegen bolsaq edijüzmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't swum | sizjüzmegen bolsağız edijüzmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't swum | alajüzmegen bolsala edijüzmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't swum |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjüzer esemif I will swim | senjüzer eseŋif you will swim | oljüzer eseif he will swim | bizjüzer esekif we will swim | sizjüzer esegizif you all will swim | alajüzer eseleif they will swim |
| Conditional, aorist | menjüzmez esemif I won't swim | senjüzmez eseŋif you won't swim | oljüzmez eseif he won't swim | bizjüzmez esekif we won't swim | sizjüzmez esegizif you all won't swim | alajüzmez eseleif they won't swim |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjüzerik esemif I am going to swim | senjüzerik eseŋif you are going to swim | oljüzerik eseif he is going to swim | bizjüzerik esekif we are going to swim | sizjüzerik esegizif you all are going to swim | alajüzerik eseleif they are going to swim |
| Conditional, future | menjüzerik tül esemif I am not going to swim | senjüzerik tül eseŋif you are not going to swim | oljüzerik tül eseif he is not going to swim | bizjüzerik tül esekif we are not going to swim | sizjüzerik tül esegizif you all are not going to swim | alajüzerik tül eseleif they are not going to swim |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjüzerik bolsamif I were going to swim | senjüzerik bolsaŋif you were going to swim | oljüzerik bolsaif he were going to swim | bizjüzerik bolsaqif we were going to swim | sizjüzerik bolsağızif you all were going to swim | alajüzerik bolsalaif they were going to swim |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjüzmezlik bolsamif I were not going to swim | senjüzmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to swim | oljüzmezlik bolsaif he were not going to swim | bizjüzmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to swim | sizjüzmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to swim | alajüzmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to swim |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jüzdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjüze bolurmaI must be swimming | senjüze bolursayou must be swimming | oljüze bolurhe must be swimming | bizjüze bolurbuzwe must be swimming | sizjüze bolursuzyou all must be swimming | alajüze bolurlathey must be swimming |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjüzmey bolurmaI must not be swimming | senjüzmey bolursayou must not be swimming | oljüzmey bolurhe must not be swimming | bizjüzmey bolurbuzwe must not be swimming | sizjüzmey bolursuzyou all must not be swimming | alajüzmey bolurlathey must not be swimming |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjüze tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of swimming | senjüze tura bolursayou must be in the middle of swimming | oljüze tura bolurhe must be in the middle of swimming | bizjüze tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of swimming | sizjüze tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of swimming | alajüze tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of swimming |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjüzmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not swimming | senjüzmey tura bolursayou must keep on not swimming | oljüzmey tura bolurhe must keep on not swimming | bizjüzmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not swimming | sizjüzmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not swimming | alajüzmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not swimming |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjüzgen bolurmaI must have swum | senjüzgen bolursayou must have swum | oljüzgen bolurhe must have swum | bizjüzgen bolurbuzwe must have swum | sizjüzgen bolursuzyou all must have swum | alajüzgen bolurlathey must have swum |
| Inference (must have) | menjüzmegen bolurmaI must not have swum | senjüzmegen bolursayou must not have swum | oljüzmegen bolurhe must not have swum | bizjüzmegen bolurbuzwe must not have swum | sizjüzmegen bolursuzyou all must not have swum | alajüzmegen bolurlathey must not have swum |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjüzerik bolurmaI must be going to swim | senjüzerik bolursayou must be going to swim | oljüzerik bolurhe must be going to swim | bizjüzerik bolurbuzwe must be going to swim | sizjüzerik bolursuzyou all must be going to swim | alajüzerik bolurlathey must be going to swim |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjüzmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to swim | senjüzmezlik bolursayou must not be going to swim | oljüzmezlik bolurhe must not be going to swim | bizjüzmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to swim | sizjüzmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to swim | alajüzmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to swim |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjüzeyimlet me swim | senjüz!swim! | oljüzsünlet him swim | bizjüzeyiklet's swim | sizjüzügüz!swim, you all! | alajüzsünlelet them swim |
| Commands & suggestions | menjüzmeyimlet me not swim | senjüzme!don't swim! | oljüzmesinlet him not swim | bizjüzmeyiklet's not swim | sizjüzmegiz!don't swim, you all! | alajüzmesinlelet them not swim |
| Commands & suggestions | menjüzeyimmi?shall I swim? | oljüzsünmü?should he swim? | bizjüzeyikmi?shall we swim? | alajüzsünlemi?should they swim? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjüzmeyimmi?shall I not swim? | oljüzmesinmi?should he not swim? | bizjüzmeyikmi?shall we not swim? | alajüzmesinlemi?should they not swim? | ||
| Requests | senjüzçü2jüzçünplease swim | oljüzsünçüdo let him swim | sizjüzçügüzplease swim (plural/polite) | alajüzsünleçido let them swim | ||
| Requests | senjüzmeçi2jüzmeçinplease don't swim | oljüzmesinçido let him not swim | sizjüzmeçigizplease don't swim (plural/polite) | alajüzmesinleçido let them not swim | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjüzgünjüzgümay you swim | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjüzmeginjüzmegimay you not swim | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjüzgey edim jüzge edimwould that I swam | senjüzgey ediŋ jüzge ediŋwould that you swam | oljüzgey edi jüzge ediwould that he swam | bizjüzgey edik jüzge edikwould that we swam | sizjüzgey edigiz jüzge edigizwould that you all swam | alajüzgey edile jüzge edilewould that they swam |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjüzmegey edim jüzmege edimwould that I did not swim | senjüzmegey ediŋ jüzmege ediŋwould that you did not swim | oljüzmegey edi jüzmege ediwould that he did not swim | bizjüzmegey edik jüzmege edikwould that we did not swim | sizjüzmegey edigiz jüzmege edigizwould that you all did not swim | alajüzmegey edile jüzmege edilewould that they did not swim |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjüzmege qoyayımjüzme qoyayımlet me allow someone to swim | senjüzmege qoy!jüzme qoy!let someone swim! | oljüzmege qoysunjüzme qoysunlet him allow someone to swim | bizjüzmege qoyayıqjüzme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to swim | sizjüzmege qoyuğuz!jüzme qoyuğuz!let someone swim, you all! | alajüzmege qoysunlajüzme qoysunlalet them allow someone to swim |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjüzmege qoymayımjüzme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to swim | senjüzmege qoyma!jüzme qoyma!don't let someone swim! | oljüzmege qoymasınjüzme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to swim | bizjüzmege qoymayıqjüzme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to swim | sizjüzmege qoymağız!jüzme qoymağız!don't let someone swim, you all! | alajüzmege qoymasınlajüzme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to swim |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjüzmege qoyayımmı?jüzme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to swim? | oljüzmege qoysunmu?jüzme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to swim? | bizjüzmege qoyayıqmı?jüzme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to swim? | alajüzmege qoysunlamı?jüzme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to swim? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjüzmege qoymayımmı?jüzme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to swim? | oljüzmege qoymasınmı?jüzme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to swim? | bizjüzmege qoymayıqmı?jüzme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to swim? | alajüzmege qoymasınlamı?jüzme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to swim? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjüzmege qoyamajüzme qoyamaI allow someone to swim | senjüzmege qoyasajüzme qoyasayou allow someone to swim | oljüzmege qoyadıjüzme qoyadıhe allows someone to swim | bizjüzmege qoyabızjüzme qoyabızwe allow someone to swim | sizjüzmege qoyasızjüzme qoyasızyou all allow someone to swim | alajüzmege qoyadılajüzme qoyadılathey allow someone to swim |
| Let someone… (present) | menjüzmege qoymaymajüzme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to swim | senjüzmege qoymaysajüzme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to swim | oljüzmege qoymaydıjüzme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to swim | bizjüzmege qoymaybızjüzme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to swim | sizjüzmege qoymaysızjüzme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to swim | alajüzmege qoymaydılajüzme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to swim |
| Let someone… (present) | menjüzmege qoyamamı?jüzme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to swim? | senjüzmege qoyamısa?jüzme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to swim? | oljüzmege qoyamıdı?jüzme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to swim? | bizjüzmege qoyabızmı?jüzme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to swim? | sizjüzmege qoyamısız?jüzme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to swim? | alajüzmege qoyamıdıla?jüzme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to swim? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjüzmege qoymaymamı?jüzme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to swim? | senjüzmege qoymaymısa?jüzme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to swim? | oljüzmege qoymaymıdı?jüzme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to swim? | bizjüzmege qoymaybızmı?jüzme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to swim? | sizjüzmege qoymaymısız?jüzme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to swim? | alajüzmege qoymaymıdıla?jüzme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to swim? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjüzmege qoydumjüzme qoydumI allowed someone to swim | senjüzmege qoyduŋjüzme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to swim | oljüzmege qoydujüzme qoyduhe allowed someone to swim | bizjüzmege qoyduqjüzme qoyduqwe allowed someone to swim | sizjüzmege qoyduğuzjüzme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to swim | alajüzmege qoydulajüzme qoydulathey allowed someone to swim |
| Let someone… (past) | menjüzmege qoymadımjüzme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to swim | senjüzmege qoymadıŋjüzme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to swim | oljüzmege qoymadıjüzme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to swim | bizjüzmege qoymadıqjüzme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to swim | sizjüzmege qoymadığızjüzme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to swim | alajüzmege qoymadılajüzme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to swim |
| Let someone… (past) | menjüzmege qoydummu?jüzme qoydummu?did I allow someone to swim? | senjüzmege qoyduŋmu?jüzme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to swim? | oljüzmege qoydumu?jüzme qoydumu?did he allow someone to swim? | bizjüzmege qoyduqmu?jüzme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to swim? | sizjüzmege qoyduğuzmu?jüzme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to swim? | alajüzmege qoydulamı?jüzme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to swim? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjüzmege qoymadımmı?jüzme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to swim? | senjüzmege qoymadıŋmı?jüzme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to swim? | oljüzmege qoymadımı?jüzme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to swim? | bizjüzmege qoymadıqmı?jüzme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to swim? | sizjüzmege qoymadığızmı?jüzme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to swim? | alajüzmege qoymadılamı?jüzme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to swim? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jüzalırğa be able to swim · jüzalmazğa be unable to swim
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjüzalamaI can swim | senjüzalasayou can swim | oljüzaladıhe can swim | bizjüzalabızwe can swim | sizjüzalasızyou all can swim | alajüzaladılathey can swim |
| Ability — present | menjüzalmaymaI can't swim | senjüzalmaysayou can't swim | oljüzalmaydıhe can't swim | bizjüzalmaybızwe can't swim | sizjüzalmaysızyou all can't swim | alajüzalmaydılathey can't swim |
| Ability — present | menjüzalamamı? jüzalamıma?can I swim? | senjüzalamısa?can you swim? | oljüzalamıdı?can he swim? | bizjüzalabızmı? jüzalamıbız?can we swim? | sizjüzalamısız?can you all swim? | alajüzalamıdıla?can they swim? |
| Ability — present | menjüzalmaymamı? jüzalmaymıma?can't I swim? | senjüzalmaymısa?can't you swim? | oljüzalmaymıdı?can't he swim? | bizjüzalmaybızmı? jüzalmaymıbız?can't we swim? | sizjüzalmaymısız?can't you all swim? | alajüzalmaymıdıla?can't they swim? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjüzalsamif I can swim | senjüzalsaŋif you can swim | oljüzalsaif he can swim | bizjüzalsaqif we can swim | sizjüzalsağızif you all can swim | alajüzalsalaif they can swim |
| Ability — if I can… | menjüzalmasamif I can't swim | senjüzalmasaŋif you can't swim | oljüzalmasaif he can't swim | bizjüzalmasaqif we can't swim | sizjüzalmasağızif you all can't swim | alajüzalmasalaif they can't swim |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjüzaldımI was able to swim | senjüzaldıŋyou were able to swim | oljüzaldıhe was able to swim | bizjüzaldıqwe were able to swim | sizjüzaldığızyou all were able to swim | alajüzaldılathey were able to swim |
| Ability — simple past | menjüzalmadımI could not swim | senjüzalmadıŋyou could not swim | oljüzalmadıhe could not swim | bizjüzalmadıqwe could not swim | sizjüzalmadığızyou all could not swim | alajüzalmadılathey could not swim |
| Ability — simple past | menjüzaldımmı?was I able to swim? | senjüzaldıŋmı?were you able to swim? | oljüzaldımı?was he able to swim? | bizjüzaldıqmı?were we able to swim? | sizjüzaldığızmı?were you all able to swim? | alajüzaldılamı?were they able to swim? |
| Ability — simple past | menjüzalmadımmı?couldn't I swim? | senjüzalmadıŋmı?couldn't you swim? | oljüzalmadımı?couldn't he swim? | bizjüzalmadıqmı?couldn't we swim? | sizjüzalmadığızmı?couldn't you all swim? | alajüzalmadılamı?couldn't they swim? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjüzalğanmaI have been able to swim | senjüzalğansayou have been able to swim | oljüzalğandıhe has been able to swim | bizjüzalğanbızwe have been able to swim | sizjüzalğansızyou all have been able to swim | alajüzalğandılathey have been able to swim |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjüzalmağanmaI haven't been able to swim | senjüzalmağansayou haven't been able to swim | oljüzalmağandıhe hasn't been able to swim | bizjüzalmağanbızwe haven't been able to swim | sizjüzalmağansızyou all haven't been able to swim | alajüzalmağandılathey haven't been able to swim |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjüzalğanmamı? jüzalğanmıma?have I been able to swim? | senjüzalğanmısa?have you been able to swim? | oljüzalğanmıdı?has he been able to swim? | bizjüzalğanbızmı? jüzalğanmıbız?have we been able to swim? | sizjüzalğanmısız?have you all been able to swim? | alajüzalğanmıdıla?have they been able to swim? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjüzalmağanmamı? jüzalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to swim? | senjüzalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to swim? | oljüzalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to swim? | bizjüzalmağanbızmı? jüzalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to swim? | sizjüzalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to swim? | alajüzalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to swim? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjüzalğan edimjüzalğanemI had been able to swim | senjüzalğan ediŋjüzalğaneŋyou had been able to swim | oljüzalğan edijüzalğanedhe had been able to swim | bizjüzalğan edikjüzalğanekwe had been able to swim | sizjüzalğan edigizjüzalğanegizyou all had been able to swim | alajüzalğan edilejüzalğanellethey had been able to swim |
| Ability — past perfect | menjüzalmağan edimjüzalmağanemI hadn't been able to swim | senjüzalmağan ediŋjüzalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to swim | oljüzalmağan edijüzalmağanedhe hadn't been able to swim | bizjüzalmağan edikjüzalmağanekwe hadn't been able to swim | sizjüzalmağan edigizjüzalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to swim | alajüzalmağan edilejüzalmağanellethey hadn't been able to swim |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjüzala edimjüzalaemI could swim | senjüzala ediŋjüzalaeŋyou could swim | oljüzala edijüzalaedhe could swim | bizjüzala edikjüzalaekwe could swim | sizjüzala edigizjüzalaegizyou all could swim | alajüzala edilejüzalaellethey could swim |
| Ability — past background | menjüzalmay edimjüzalmayemI could not swim | senjüzalmay ediŋjüzalmayeŋyou could not swim | oljüzalmay edijüzalmayedhe could not swim | bizjüzalmay edikjüzalmayekwe could not swim | sizjüzalmay edigizjüzalmayegizyou all could not swim | alajüzalmay edilejüzalmayellethey could not swim |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjüzalırmaI will be able to swim | senjüzalırsayou will be able to swim | oljüzalırhe will be able to swim | bizjüzalırbızwe will be able to swim | sizjüzalırsızyou all will be able to swim | alajüzalırlathey will be able to swim |
| Ability — future I | menjüzalmazmaI won't be able to swim | senjüzalmazsayou won't be able to swim | oljüzalmazhe won't be able to swim | bizjüzalmazbızwe won't be able to swim | sizjüzalmazsızyou all won't be able to swim | alajüzalmazlathey won't be able to swim |
| Ability — future I | menjüzalırmamı? jüzalırmıma?will I be able to swim? | senjüzalırmısa?will you be able to swim? | oljüzalırmı?will he be able to swim? | bizjüzalırbızmı? jüzalırmıbız?will we be able to swim? | sizjüzalırmısız?will you all be able to swim? | alajüzalırlamı? jüzalırmıla?will they be able to swim? |
| Ability — future I | menjüzalmazmamı? jüzalmazmıma?won't I be able to swim? | senjüzalmazmısa?won't you be able to swim? | oljüzalmazmı?won't he be able to swim? | bizjüzalmazbızmı? jüzalmazmıbız?won't we be able to swim? | sizjüzalmazmısız?won't you all be able to swim? | alajüzalmazlamı? jüzalmazmıla?won't they be able to swim? |
| Ability — future II | menjüzallıqmaI am going to be able to swim | senjüzallıqsayou are going to be able to swim | oljüzallıqdıhe is going to be able to swim | bizjüzallıqbızwe are going to be able to swim | sizjüzallıqsızyou all are going to be able to swim | alajüzallıqdılathey are going to be able to swim |
| Ability — future II | menjüzallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to swim | senjüzallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to swim | oljüzallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to swim | bizjüzallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to swim | sizjüzallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to swim | alajüzallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to swim |
| Ability — future II | menjüzallıqmamı? jüzallıqmıma?am I going to be able to swim? | senjüzallıqmısa?are you going to be able to swim? | oljüzallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to swim? | bizjüzallıqbızmı? jüzallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to swim? | sizjüzallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to swim? | alajüzallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to swim? |
| Ability — future II | menjüzallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to swim? | senjüzallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to swim? | oljüzallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to swim? | bizjüzallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to swim? | sizjüzallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to swim? | alajüzallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to swim? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjüzalır edimjüzalır emI would be able to swim | senjüzalır ediŋjüzalır eŋyou would be able to swim | oljüzalır edijüzalır edhe would be able to swim | bizjüzalır edikjüzalır ekwe would be able to swim | sizjüzalır edigizjüzalır egizyou all would be able to swim | alajüzalır edilejüzalır ellethey would be able to swim |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjüzalmaz edimjüzalmaz emI wouldn't be able to swim | senjüzalmaz ediŋjüzalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to swim | oljüzalmaz edijüzalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to swim | bizjüzalmaz edikjüzalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to swim | sizjüzalmaz edigizjüzalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to swim | alajüzalmaz edilejüzalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to swim |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjüzalğınjüzalğımay you be able to swim | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjüzalmağınjüzalmağımay you not be able to swim | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjüzerge izleymeI want to swim | senjüzerge izleyseyou want to swim | oljüzerge izleydihe wants to swim | bizjüzerge izleybizwe want to swim | sizjüzerge izleysizyou all want to swim | alajüzerge izleydilethey want to swim |
| want to | menjüzerge izlemeymeI do not want to swim | senjüzerge izlemeyseyou do not want to swim | oljüzerge izlemeydihe does not want to swim | bizjüzerge izlemeybizwe do not want to swim | sizjüzerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to swim | alajüzerge izlemeydilethey do not want to swim |
| would like to | menjüzerge süemeI would like to swim | senjüzerge süeseyou would like to swim | oljüzerge süedihe would like to swim | bizjüzerge süebizwe would like to swim | sizjüzerge süesizyou all would like to swim | alajüzerge süedilethey would like to swim |
| would like to | menjüzerge süymeymeI would not like to swim | senjüzerge süymeyseyou would not like to swim | oljüzerge süymeydihe would not like to swim | bizjüzerge süymeybizwe would not like to swim | sizjüzerge süymeysizyou all would not like to swim | alajüzerge süymeydilethey would not like to swim |
| hope to | menjüzerge umutlanamaI hope to swim | senjüzerge umutlanasayou hope to swim | oljüzerge umutlanadıhe hopes to swim | bizjüzerge umutlanabızwe hope to swim | sizjüzerge umutlanasızyou all hope to swim | alajüzerge umutlanadılathey hope to swim |
| hope to | menjüzerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to swim | senjüzerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to swim | oljüzerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to swim | bizjüzerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to swim | sizjüzerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to swim | alajüzerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to swim |
| be about to | menjüzerge deb turamaI am about to swim | senjüzerge deb turasayou are about to swim | oljüzerge deb turadıhe is about to swim | bizjüzerge deb turabızwe are about to swim | sizjüzerge deb turasızyou all are about to swim | alajüzerge deb turadılathey are about to swim |
| be about to | menjüzerge deb turmaymaI am not about to swim | senjüzerge deb turmaysayou are not about to swim | oljüzerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to swim | bizjüzerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to swim | sizjüzerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to swim | alajüzerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to swim |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjüzerge kerekmeI need to swim | senjüzerge kerekseyou need to swim | oljüzerge kerekdihe needs to swim | bizjüzerge kerekbizwe need to swim | sizjüzerge kereksizyou all need to swim | alajüzerge kerekdilethey need to swim |
| need to | menjüzerge kerek tülmeI do not need to swim | senjüzerge kerek tülseyou do not need to swim | oljüzerge kerek tüldühe does not need to swim | bizjüzerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to swim | sizjüzerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to swim | alajüzerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to swim |
| have to | menmenŋe jüzerge tüşediI have to swim | sensenŋe jüzerge tüşediyou have to swim | olaŋa jüzerge tüşedihe has to swim | bizbizge jüzerge tüşediwe have to swim | sizsizge jüzerge tüşediyou all have to swim | alaalağa jüzerge tüşedithey have to swim |
| have to | menmenŋe jüzerge tüşmeydiI do not have to swim | sensenŋe jüzerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to swim | olaŋa jüzerge tüşmeydihe does not have to swim | bizbizge jüzerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to swim | sizsizge jüzerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to swim | alaalağa jüzerge tüşmeydithey do not have to swim |
| be obliged to | menjüzerge borçlumaI am obliged to swim | senjüzerge borçlusayou are obliged to swim | oljüzerge borçluduhe is obliged to swim | bizjüzerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to swim | sizjüzerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to swim | alajüzerge borçludulathey are obliged to swim |
| be obliged to | menjüzerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to swim | senjüzerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to swim | oljüzerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to swim | bizjüzerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to swim | sizjüzerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to swim | alajüzerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to swim |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjüzerge madarım bardıI have a way to swim | senjüzerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to swim | oljüzerge madarı bardıhe has a way to swim | bizjüzerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to swim | sizjüzerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to swim | alajüzerge madarları bardıthey have a way to swim |
| have a way to | menjüzerge madarım joqduI have no way to swim | senjüzerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to swim | oljüzerge madarı joqduhe has no way to swim | bizjüzerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to swim | sizjüzerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to swim | alajüzerge madarları joqduthey have no way to swim |
| be free to | menjüzerge erkinligim bardıI am free to swim | senjüzerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to swim | oljüzerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to swim | bizjüzerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to swim | sizjüzerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to swim | alajüzerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to swim |
| be free to | menjüzerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to swim | senjüzerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to swim | oljüzerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to swim | bizjüzerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to swim | sizjüzerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to swim | alajüzerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to swim |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jüzerge bolluqduit is possible for me to swim | sensenŋe jüzerge bolluqduit is possible for you to swim | olaŋa jüzerge bolluqduit is possible for him to swim | bizbizge jüzerge bolluqduit is possible for us to swim | sizsizge jüzerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to swim | alaalağa jüzerge bolluqduit is possible for them to swim |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jüzerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to swim | sensenŋe jüzerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to swim | olaŋa jüzerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to swim | bizbizge jüzerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to swim | sizsizge jüzerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to swim | alaalağa jüzerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to swim |
| be ready to | menjüzerge hazırmaI am ready to swim | senjüzerge hazırsayou are ready to swim | oljüzerge hazırdıhe is ready to swim | bizjüzerge hazırbızwe are ready to swim | sizjüzerge hazırsızyou all are ready to swim | alajüzerge hazırdılathey are ready to swim |
| be ready to | menjüzerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to swim | senjüzerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to swim | oljüzerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to swim | bizjüzerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to swim | sizjüzerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to swim | alajüzerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to swim |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjüzerge küreşemeI am trying to swim | senjüzerge küreşeseyou are trying to swim | oljüzerge küreşedihe is trying to swim | bizjüzerge küreşebizwe are trying to swim | sizjüzerge küreşesizyou all are trying to swim | alajüzerge küreşedilethey are trying to swim |
| try to | menjüzerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to swim | senjüzerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to swim | oljüzerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to swim | bizjüzerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to swim | sizjüzerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to swim | alajüzerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to swim |
| agree to | menjüzerge unaymaI agree to swim | senjüzerge unaysayou agree to swim | oljüzerge unaydıhe agrees to swim | bizjüzerge unaybızwe agree to swim | sizjüzerge unaysızyou all agree to swim | alajüzerge unaydılathey agree to swim |
| agree to | menjüzerge unamaymaI refuse to swim | senjüzerge unamaysayou refuse to swim | oljüzerge unamaydıhe refuses to swim | bizjüzerge unamaybızwe refuse to swim | sizjüzerge unamaysızyou all refuse to swim | alajüzerge unamaydılathey refuse to swim |
| hurry to | menjüzerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to swim | senjüzerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to swim | oljüzerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to swim | bizjüzerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to swim | sizjüzerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to swim | alajüzerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to swim |
| hurry to | menjüzerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to swim | senjüzerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to swim | oljüzerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to swim | bizjüzerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to swim | sizjüzerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to swim | alajüzerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to swim |
| be afraid to | menjüzerge qorqamaI am afraid to swim | senjüzerge qorqasayou are afraid to swim | oljüzerge qorqadıhe is afraid to swim | bizjüzerge qorqabızwe are afraid to swim | sizjüzerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to swim | alajüzerge qorqadılathey are afraid to swim |
| be afraid to | menjüzerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to swim | senjüzerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to swim | oljüzerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to swim | bizjüzerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to swim | sizjüzerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to swim | alajüzerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to swim |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjüze bolmazmaI can't be swimming | senjüze bolmazsayou can't be swimming | oljüze bolmazhe can't be swimming | bizjüze bolmazbızwe can't be swimming | sizjüze bolmazsızyou all can't be swimming | alajüze bolmazlathey can't be swimming |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjüzmey bolmazmaI must be swimming (emphatic) | senjüzmey bolmazsayou must be swimming (emphatic) | oljüzmey bolmazhe must be swimming (emphatic) | bizjüzmey bolmazbızwe must be swimming (emphatic) | sizjüzmey bolmazsızyou all must be swimming (emphatic) | alajüzmey bolmazlathey must be swimming (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjüze turmasamif I don't keep swimming | senjüze turmasaŋif you don't keep swimming | oljüze turmasaif he doesn't keep swimming | bizjüze turmasaqif we don't keep swimming | sizjüze turmasağızif you all don't keep swimming | alajüze turmasalaif they don't keep swimming |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjüze tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of swimming | senjüze tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of swimming | oljüze tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of swimming | bizjüze tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of swimming | sizjüze tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of swimming | alajüze tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of swimming |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjüzmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not swimming (emphatic) | senjüzmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not swimming (emphatic) | oljüzmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not swimming (emphatic) | bizjüzmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not swimming (emphatic) | sizjüzmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not swimming (emphatic) | alajüzmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not swimming (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjüzmey turamaI keep on not swimming | senjüzmey turasayou keep on not swimming | oljüzmey turadıhe keeps on not swimming | bizjüzmey turabızwe keep on not swimming | sizjüzmey turasızyou all keep on not swimming | alajüzmey turadılathey keep on not swimming |
| Progressive — double negation | menjüzmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not swimming | senjüzmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not swimming | oljüzmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not swimming | bizjüzmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not swimming | sizjüzmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not swimming | alajüzmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not swimming |
| Progressive — double negation | menjüzmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not swimming? | senjüzmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not swimming? | oljüzmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not swimming? | bizjüzmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not swimming? | sizjüzmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not swimming? | alajüzmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not swimming? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjüzgen bolmazmaI can't have swum | senjüzgen bolmazsayou can't have swum | oljüzgen bolmazhe can't have swum | bizjüzgen bolmazbızwe can't have swum | sizjüzgen bolmazsızyou all can't have swum | alajüzgen bolmazlathey can't have swum |
| Inference — double negation | menjüzmegen bolmazmaI must have swum (emphatic) | senjüzmegen bolmazsayou must have swum (emphatic) | oljüzmegen bolmazhe must have swum (emphatic) | bizjüzmegen bolmazbızwe must have swum (emphatic) | sizjüzmegen bolmazsızyou all must have swum (emphatic) | alajüzmegen bolmazlathey must have swum (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjüzgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had swum | senjüzgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had swum | oljüzgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had swum | bizjüzgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had swum | sizjüzgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had swum | alajüzgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had swum |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjüzmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't swum | senjüzmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't swum | oljüzmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't swum | bizjüzmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't swum | sizjüzmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't swum | alajüzmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't swum |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjüzerik bolmazmaI can't be going to swim | senjüzerik bolmazsayou can't be going to swim | oljüzerik bolmazhe can't be going to swim | bizjüzerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to swim | sizjüzerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to swim | alajüzerik bolmazlathey can't be going to swim |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjüzmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to swim (emphatic) | senjüzmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to swim (emphatic) | oljüzmezlik bolmazhe must be going to swim (emphatic) | bizjüzmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to swim (emphatic) | sizjüzmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to swim (emphatic) | alajüzmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to swim (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjüzerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to swim | senjüzerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to swim | oljüzerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to swim | bizjüzerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to swim | sizjüzerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to swim | alajüzerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to swim |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjüzmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to swim | senjüzmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to swim | oljüzmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to swim | bizjüzmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to swim | sizjüzmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to swim | alajüzmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to swim |