jutarğa
/dʒutarʁa/
1. swallow, gulp down
- awuz suwlarıŋı jutarğa — to swallow one's saliva
- çaynab jutarğa — to chew and swallow
- jutub ierge — to swallow something down
2. bolt, swallow whole, eat hastily and greedily
- tılq deb jutarğa — to swallow something whole
- allına salınŋannı erlay jutdu — he instantly bolted down what was set before him
3. absorb, soak up, take in
- jer jaŋurnu jutdu — the earth soaked up the rain
- qayiş jawnu jutdu — the strap soaked up the grease
- qum suwnu jutdu — the sand soaked up the water
4. appropriate, take for oneself (someone else's work or property) — Usually with birewnü qıyının 'another person's labor'.
- birewnü qıyının jutarğa — to appropriate another person's labor
5. drown out, muffle, swallow up (a sound) one source
- jel tawuşnu jutdu — the wind swallowed the sound
- qıçırığın jutdu — it drowned out his cry
- suwnu tawuşu awaznı jutadı — the noise of the river drowns out the voice
6. swallow one's words, speak indistinctly one source
- sözlerin jutub söleşedi — he speaks swallowing his words
- ahır sözün jutdu — he swallowed his last word
7. knock back, drink (spirits) one source
- jaşla juq juthanlay — the lads, having knocked something back
- bir az jutdu — he had a drop to drink
- jutub alğandı — he has had a drink
Expressions
- çaynamay jutarğa — do effortlessly
- jer jutarğa — die; vanish without trace
- jilikça jutarğa — wolf down
- söz jutmazğa — answer back boldly
Conjugation
Common forms
- jutadıhe is swallowing
- jutduhe swallowed
- juthandıhe has swallowed
- jutarhe will swallow
- jutarıqdıhe is going to swallow
- juta edihe was swallowing
- jutsaif he swallows
- jut!swallow!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjutamaI am swallowing | senjutasayou are swallowing | oljutadıhe is swallowing | bizjutabızwe are swallowing | sizjutasızyou all are swallowing | alajutadılathey are swallowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjutmaymaI am not swallowing | senjutmaysayou are not swallowing | oljutmaydıhe is not swallowing | bizjutmaybızwe are not swallowing | sizjutmaysızyou all are not swallowing | alajutmaydılathey are not swallowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjutamamı? jutamıma?am I swallowing? | senjutamısa?are you swallowing? | oljutamıdı?is he swallowing? | bizjutabızmı? jutamıbız?are we swallowing? | sizjutamısız?are you all swallowing? | alajutamıdıla?are they swallowing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjutmaymamı? jutmaymıma?aren't I swallowing? | senjutmaymısa?aren't you swallowing? | oljutmaymıdı?isn't he swallowing? | bizjutmaybızmı? jutmaymıbız?aren't we swallowing? | sizjutmaymısız?aren't you all swallowing? | alajutmaymıdıla?aren't they swallowing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjutuwçanmaI usually swallow | senjutuwçansayou usually swallow | oljutuwçandıhe usually swallows | bizjutuwçanbızwe usually swallow | sizjutuwçansızyou all usually swallow | alajutuwçandılathey usually swallow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjutmawçanmaI usually don't swallow | senjutmawçansayou usually don't swallow | oljutmawçandıhe usually doesn't swallow | bizjutmawçanbızwe usually don't swallow | sizjutmawçansızyou all usually don't swallow | alajutmawçandılathey usually don't swallow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjutuwçanmamı? jutuwçanmıma?do I usually swallow? | senjutuwçanmısa?do you usually swallow? | oljutuwçanmıdı?does he usually swallow? | bizjutuwçanbızmı? jutuwçanmıbız?do we usually swallow? | sizjutuwçanmısız?do you all usually swallow? | alajutuwçanmıdıla?do they usually swallow? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjutmawçanmamı? jutmawçanmıma?do I usually not swallow? | senjutmawçanmısa?do you usually not swallow? | oljutmawçanmıdı?does he usually not swallow? | bizjutmawçanbızmı? jutmawçanmıbız?do we usually not swallow? | sizjutmawçanmısız?do you all usually not swallow? | alajutmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not swallow? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljutubduhe has swallowed and remains so | alajutubdulathey have swallowed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljutubmudu?has he swallowed? | alajutubmudula?have they swallowed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjutub turamaI keep swallowing | senjutub turasayou keep swallowing | oljutub turadıhe keeps swallowing | bizjutub turabızwe keep swallowing | sizjutub turasızyou all keep swallowing | alajutub turadılathey keep swallowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjutub turmaymaI don't keep swallowing | senjutub turmaysayou don't keep swallowing | oljutub turmaydıhe doesn't keep swallowing | bizjutub turmaybızwe don't keep swallowing | sizjutub turmaysızyou all don't keep swallowing | alajutub turmaydılathey don't keep swallowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjutub turamamı? jutub turamıma?do I keep swallowing? | senjutub turamısa?do you keep swallowing? | oljutub turamıdı?does he keep swallowing? | bizjutub turabızmı? jutub turamıbız?do we keep swallowing? | sizjutub turamısız?do you all keep swallowing? | alajutub turamıdıla?do they keep swallowing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjutub turmaymamı? jutub turmaymıma?don't I keep swallowing? | senjutub turmaymısa?don't you keep swallowing? | oljutub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep swallowing? | bizjutub turmaybızmı? jutub turmaymıbız?don't we keep swallowing? | sizjutub turmaymısız?don't you all keep swallowing? | alajutub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep swallowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuta turamaI am in the middle of swallowing | senjuta turasayou are in the middle of swallowing | oljuta turadıhe is in the middle of swallowing | bizjuta turabızwe are in the middle of swallowing | sizjuta turasızyou all are in the middle of swallowing | alajuta turadılathey are in the middle of swallowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuta turmaymaI am not in the middle of swallowing | senjuta turmaysayou are not in the middle of swallowing | oljuta turmaydıhe is not in the middle of swallowing | bizjuta turmaybızwe are not in the middle of swallowing | sizjuta turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of swallowing | alajuta turmaydılathey are not in the middle of swallowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuta turamamı? juta turamıma?am I in the middle of swallowing? | senjuta turamısa?are you in the middle of swallowing? | oljuta turamıdı?is he in the middle of swallowing? | bizjuta turabızmı? juta turamıbız?are we in the middle of swallowing? | sizjuta turamısız?are you all in the middle of swallowing? | alajuta turamıdıla?are they in the middle of swallowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuta turmaymamı? juta turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of swallowing? | senjuta turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of swallowing? | oljuta turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of swallowing? | bizjuta turmaybızmı? juta turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of swallowing? | sizjuta turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of swallowing? | alajuta turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of swallowing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjutdumI swallowed | senjutduŋyou swallowed | oljutduhe swallowed | bizjutduqwe swallowed | sizjutduğuzyou all swallowed | alajutdulathey swallowed |
| Simple past (definite) | menjutmadımI didn't swallow | senjutmadıŋyou didn't swallow | oljutmadıhe didn't swallow | bizjutmadıqwe didn't swallow | sizjutmadığızyou all didn't swallow | alajutmadılathey didn't swallow |
| Simple past (definite) | menjutdummu?did I swallow? | senjutduŋmu?did you swallow? | oljutdumu?did he swallow? | bizjutduqmu?did we swallow? | sizjutduğuzmu?did you all swallow? | alajutdulamı?did they swallow? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjutmadımmı?didn't I swallow? | senjutmadıŋmı?didn't you swallow? | oljutmadımı?didn't he swallow? | bizjutmadıqmı?didn't we swallow? | sizjutmadığızmı?didn't you all swallow? | alajutmadılamı?didn't they swallow? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuthanmaI have swallowed | senjuthansayou have swallowed | oljuthandıhe has swallowed | bizjuthanbızwe have swallowed | sizjuthansızyou all have swallowed | alajuthandılathey have swallowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjutmağanmaI haven't swallowed | senjutmağansayou haven't swallowed | oljutmağandıhe hasn't swallowed | bizjutmağanbızwe haven't swallowed | sizjutmağansızyou all haven't swallowed | alajutmağandılathey haven't swallowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuthanmamı? juthanmıma?have I swallowed? | senjuthanmısa?have you swallowed? | oljuthanmıdı?has he swallowed? | bizjuthanbızmı? juthanmıbız?have we swallowed? | sizjuthanmısız?have you all swallowed? | alajuthanmıdıla?have they swallowed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjutmağanmamı? jutmağanmıma?haven't I swallowed? | senjutmağanmısa?haven't you swallowed? | oljutmağanmıdı?hasn't he swallowed? | bizjutmağanbızmı? jutmağanmıbız?haven't we swallowed? | sizjutmağanmısız?haven't you all swallowed? | alajutmağanmıdıla?haven't they swallowed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjutub turdumI kept swallowing | senjutub turduŋyou kept swallowing | oljutub turduhe kept swallowing | bizjutub turduqwe kept swallowing | sizjutub turduğuzyou all kept swallowing | alajutub turdulathey kept swallowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjutub turmadımI didn't keep swallowing | senjutub turmadıŋyou didn't keep swallowing | oljutub turmadıhe didn't keep swallowing | bizjutub turmadıqwe didn't keep swallowing | sizjutub turmadığızyou all didn't keep swallowing | alajutub turmadılathey didn't keep swallowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjutarmaI will swallow | senjutarsayou will swallow | oljutarhe will swallow | bizjutarbızwe will swallow | sizjutarsızyou all will swallow | alajutarlathey will swallow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjutmazmaI won't swallow | senjutmazsayou won't swallow | oljutmazhe won't swallow | bizjutmazbızwe won't swallow | sizjutmazsızyou all won't swallow | alajutmazlathey won't swallow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjutarmamı? jutarmıma?will I swallow? | senjutarmısa?will you swallow? | oljutarmı?will he swallow? | bizjutarbızmı? jutarmıbız?will we swallow? | sizjutarmısız?will you all swallow? | alajutarlamı? jutarmıla?will they swallow? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjutmazmamı? jutmazmıma?won't I swallow? | senjutmazmısa?won't you swallow? | oljutmazmı?won't he swallow? | bizjutmazbızmı? jutmazmıbız?won't we swallow? | sizjutmazmısız?won't you all swallow? | alajutmazlamı? jutmazmıla?won't they swallow? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjutarıqmaI am going to swallow | senjutarıqsayou are going to swallow | oljutarıqdıhe is going to swallow | bizjutarıqbızwe are going to swallow | sizjutarıqsızyou all are going to swallow | alajutarıqdılathey are going to swallow |
| Definite future (future II) | menjutarıq tülmeI am not going to swallow | senjutarıq tülseyou are not going to swallow | oljutarıq tüldühe is not going to swallow | bizjutarıq tülbüzwe are not going to swallow | sizjutarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to swallow | alajutarıq tüldülethey are not going to swallow |
| Definite future (future II) | menjutarıqmamı? jutarıqmıma?am I going to swallow? | senjutarıqmısa?are you going to swallow? | oljutarıqmıdı?is he going to swallow? | bizjutarıqbızmı? jutarıqmıbız?are we going to swallow? | sizjutarıqmısız?are you all going to swallow? | alajutarıqmıdıla?are they going to swallow? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjutarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to swallow? | senjutarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to swallow? | oljutarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to swallow? | bizjutarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to swallow? | sizjutarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to swallow? | alajutarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to swallow? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjuthan edimjuthanemI had swallowed | senjuthan ediŋjuthaneŋyou had swallowed | oljuthan edijuthanedhe had swallowed | bizjuthan edikjuthanekwe had swallowed | sizjuthan edigizjuthanegizyou all had swallowed | alajuthan edilejuthanellethey had swallowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjutmağan edimjutmağanemI hadn't swallowed | senjutmağan ediŋjutmağaneŋyou hadn't swallowed | oljutmağan edijutmağanedhe hadn't swallowed | bizjutmağan edikjutmağanekwe hadn't swallowed | sizjutmağan edigizjutmağanegizyou all hadn't swallowed | alajutmağan edilejutmağanellethey hadn't swallowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjuta edimjutaemI was swallowing | senjuta ediŋjutaeŋyou were swallowing | oljuta edijutaedhe was swallowing | bizjuta edikjutaekwe were swallowing | sizjuta edigizjutaegizyou all were swallowing | alajuta edilejutaellethey were swallowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjutmay edimjutmayemI wasn't swallowing | senjutmay ediŋjutmayeŋyou weren't swallowing | oljutmay edijutmayedhe wasn't swallowing | bizjutmay edikjutmayekwe weren't swallowing | sizjutmay edigizjutmayegizyou all weren't swallowing | alajutmay edilejutmayellethey weren't swallowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjutuwçan edimjutuwçanemI used to swallow | senjutuwçan ediŋjutuwçaneŋyou used to swallow | oljutuwçan edijutuwçanedhe used to swallow | bizjutuwçan edikjutuwçanekwe used to swallow | sizjutuwçan edigizjutuwçanegizyou all used to swallow | alajutuwçan edilejutuwçanellethey used to swallow |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjutmawçan edimjutmawçanemI didn't use to swallow | senjutmawçan ediŋjutmawçaneŋyou didn't use to swallow | oljutmawçan edijutmawçanedhe didn't use to swallow | bizjutmawçan edikjutmawçanekwe didn't use to swallow | sizjutmawçan edigizjutmawçanegizyou all didn't use to swallow | alajutmawçan edilejutmawçanellethey didn't use to swallow |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljutub edihe had swallowed and remained so | alajutub edilethey had swallowed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljutub tül edihe hadn't swallowed | alajutub tül edilethey hadn't swallowed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjutub tura edimjutub turaemI had kept swallowing | senjutub tura ediŋjutub turaeŋyou had kept swallowing | oljutub tura edijutub turaedhe had kept swallowing | bizjutub tura edikjutub turaekwe had kept swallowing | sizjutub tura edigizjutub turaegizyou all had kept swallowing | alajutub tura edilejutub turaellethey had kept swallowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjutub turmay edimjutub turmayemI hadn't kept swallowing | senjutub turmay ediŋjutub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept swallowing | oljutub turmay edijutub turmayedhe hadn't kept swallowing | bizjutub turmay edikjutub turmayekwe hadn't kept swallowing | sizjutub turmay edigizjutub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept swallowing | alajutub turmay edilejutub turmayellethey hadn't kept swallowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjuta tura edimjuta turaemI was in the middle of swallowing | senjuta tura ediŋjuta turaeŋyou were in the middle of swallowing | oljuta tura edijuta turaedhe was in the middle of swallowing | bizjuta tura edikjuta turaekwe were in the middle of swallowing | sizjuta tura edigizjuta turaegizyou all were in the middle of swallowing | alajuta tura edilejuta turaellethey were in the middle of swallowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjuta turmay edimjuta turmayemI wasn't in the middle of swallowing | senjuta turmay ediŋjuta turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of swallowing | oljuta turmay edijuta turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of swallowing | bizjuta turmay edikjuta turmayekwe weren't in the middle of swallowing | sizjuta turmay edigizjuta turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of swallowing | alajuta turmay edilejuta turmayellethey weren't in the middle of swallowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjutar edimjutar emI would swallow | senjutar ediŋjutar eŋyou would swallow | oljutar edijutar edhe would swallow | bizjutar edikjutar ekwe would swallow | sizjutar edigizjutar egizyou all would swallow | alajutar edilejutar ellethey would swallow |
| Conditional result (would) | menjutmaz edimjutmaz emI wouldn't swallow | senjutmaz ediŋjutmaz eŋyou wouldn't swallow | oljutmaz edijutmaz edhe wouldn't swallow | bizjutmaz edikjutmaz ekwe wouldn't swallow | sizjutmaz edigizjutmaz egizyou all wouldn't swallow | alajutmaz edilejutmaz ellethey wouldn't swallow |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjutarıq edimjutarıq emI would have swallowed | senjutarıq ediŋjutarıq eŋyou would have swallowed | oljutarıq edijutarıq edhe would have swallowed | bizjutarıq edikjutarıq ekwe would have swallowed | sizjutarıq edigizjutarıq egizyou all would have swallowed | alajutarıq edilejutarıq ellethey would have swallowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjutarıq tül edimjutarıq tül emI wouldn't have swallowed | senjutarıq tül ediŋjutarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have swallowed | oljutarıq tül edijutarıq tül edhe wouldn't have swallowed | bizjutarıq tül edikjutarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have swallowed | sizjutarıq tül edigizjutarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have swallowed | alajutarıq tül edilejutarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have swallowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjutsamif I swallow | senjutsaŋif you swallow | oljutsaif he swallows | bizjutsaqif we swallow | sizjutsağızif you all swallow | alajutsalaif they swallow |
| Conditional | menjutmasamif I don't swallow | senjutmasaŋif you don't swallow | oljutmasaif he doesn't swallow | bizjutmasaqif we don't swallow | sizjutmasağızif you all don't swallow | alajutmasalaif they don't swallow |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjuta esemif I am swallowing | senjuta eseŋif you are swallowing | oljuta eseif he is swallowing | bizjuta esekif we are swallowing | sizjuta esegizif you all are swallowing | alajuta eseleif they are swallowing |
| Conditional, present real | menjutmay esemif I am not swallowing | senjutmay eseŋif you are not swallowing | oljutmay eseif he is not swallowing | bizjutmay esekif we are not swallowing | sizjutmay esegizif you all are not swallowing | alajutmay eseleif they are not swallowing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjutsam edijutsam edif only I swallowed | senjutsaŋ edijutsaŋ edif only you swallowed | oljutsa edijutsaedif only he swallowed | bizjutsaq edijutsaq edif only we swallowed | sizjutsağız edijutsağız edif only you all swallowed | alajutsala edijutsalaedif only they swallowed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjutmasam edijutmasam edif only I didn't swallow | senjutmasaŋ edijutmasaŋ edif only you didn't swallow | oljutmasa edijutmasaedif only he didn't swallow | bizjutmasaq edijutmasaq edif only we didn't swallow | sizjutmasağız edijutmasağız edif only you all didn't swallow | alajutmasala edijutmasalaedif only they didn't swallow |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjutub tursamif I carry on swallowing | senjutub tursaŋif you carry on swallowing | oljutub tursaif he carries on swallowing | bizjutub tursaqif we carry on swallowing | sizjutub tursağızif you all carry on swallowing | alajutub tursalaif they carry on swallowing |
| Durative conditional | menjutub turmasamif I don't carry on swallowing | senjutub turmasaŋif you don't carry on swallowing | oljutub turmasaif he doesn't carry on swallowing | bizjutub turmasaqif we don't carry on swallowing | sizjutub turmasağızif you all don't carry on swallowing | alajutub turmasalaif they don't carry on swallowing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjutub tura esemif I have kept swallowing | senjutub tura eseŋif you have kept swallowing | oljutub tura eseif he has kept swallowing | bizjutub tura esekif we have kept swallowing | sizjutub tura esegizif you all have kept swallowing | alajutub tura eseleif they have kept swallowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjutub turmay esemif I haven't kept swallowing | senjutub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept swallowing | oljutub turmay eseif he hasn't kept swallowing | bizjutub turmay esekif we haven't kept swallowing | sizjutub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept swallowing | alajutub turmay eseleif they haven't kept swallowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjuta tursamif I keep swallowing | senjuta tursaŋif you keep swallowing | oljuta tursaif he keeps swallowing | bizjuta tursaqif we keep swallowing | sizjuta tursağızif you all keep swallowing | alajuta tursalaif they keep swallowing |
| Progressive conditional | menjutmay tursamif I keep on not swallowing | senjutmay tursaŋif you keep on not swallowing | oljutmay tursaif he keeps on not swallowing | bizjutmay tursaqif we keep on not swallowing | sizjutmay tursağızif you all keep on not swallowing | alajutmay tursalaif they keep on not swallowing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjuta tura esemif I am in the middle of swallowing | senjuta tura eseŋif you are in the middle of swallowing | oljuta tura eseif he is in the middle of swallowing | bizjuta tura esekif we are in the middle of swallowing | sizjuta tura esegizif you all are in the middle of swallowing | alajuta tura eseleif they are in the middle of swallowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjutmay tura esemif I keep on not swallowing | senjutmay tura eseŋif you keep on not swallowing | oljutmay tura eseif he keeps on not swallowing | bizjutmay tura esekif we keep on not swallowing | sizjutmay tura esegizif you all keep on not swallowing | alajutmay tura eseleif they keep on not swallowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjutdum esemif I swallowed | senjutduŋ eseŋif you swallowed | oljutdu eseif he swallowed | bizjutduq esekif we swallowed | sizjutduğuz esegizif you all swallowed | alajutdula eseleif they swallowed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjutmadım esemif I didn't swallow | senjutmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't swallow | oljutmadı eseif he didn't swallow | bizjutmadıq esekif we didn't swallow | sizjutmadığız esegizif you all didn't swallow | alajutmadıla eseleif they didn't swallow |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjuthan esemif I did swallow (indeed) | senjuthan eseŋif you did swallow (indeed) | oljuthan eseif he did swallow (indeed) | bizjuthan esekif we did swallow (indeed) | sizjuthan esegizif you all did swallow (indeed) | alajuthan eseleif they did swallow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjutmağan esemif I didn't swallow (indeed) | senjutmağan eseŋif you didn't swallow (indeed) | oljutmağan eseif he didn't swallow (indeed) | bizjutmağan esekif we didn't swallow (indeed) | sizjutmağan esegizif you all didn't swallow (indeed) | alajutmağan eseleif they didn't swallow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjuthan bolsamif I had swallowed | senjuthan bolsaŋif you had swallowed | oljuthan bolsaif he had swallowed | bizjuthan bolsaqif we had swallowed | sizjuthan bolsağızif you all had swallowed | alajuthan bolsalaif they had swallowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjutmağan bolsamif I hadn't swallowed | senjutmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't swallowed | oljutmağan bolsaif he hadn't swallowed | bizjutmağan bolsaqif we hadn't swallowed | sizjutmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't swallowed | alajutmağan bolsalaif they hadn't swallowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjuthan bolsam edijuthan bolsam edif only I had swallowed | senjuthan bolsaŋ edijuthan bolsaŋ edif only you had swallowed | oljuthan bolsa edijuthan bolsaedif only he had swallowed | bizjuthan bolsaq edijuthan bolsaq edif only we had swallowed | sizjuthan bolsağız edijuthan bolsağız edif only you all had swallowed | alajuthan bolsala edijuthan bolsalaedif only they had swallowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjutmağan bolsam edijutmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't swallowed | senjutmağan bolsaŋ edijutmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't swallowed | oljutmağan bolsa edijutmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't swallowed | bizjutmağan bolsaq edijutmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't swallowed | sizjutmağan bolsağız edijutmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't swallowed | alajutmağan bolsala edijutmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't swallowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjutar esemif I will swallow | senjutar eseŋif you will swallow | oljutar eseif he will swallow | bizjutar esekif we will swallow | sizjutar esegizif you all will swallow | alajutar eseleif they will swallow |
| Conditional, aorist | menjutmaz esemif I won't swallow | senjutmaz eseŋif you won't swallow | oljutmaz eseif he won't swallow | bizjutmaz esekif we won't swallow | sizjutmaz esegizif you all won't swallow | alajutmaz eseleif they won't swallow |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjutarıq esemif I am going to swallow | senjutarıq eseŋif you are going to swallow | oljutarıq eseif he is going to swallow | bizjutarıq esekif we are going to swallow | sizjutarıq esegizif you all are going to swallow | alajutarıq eseleif they are going to swallow |
| Conditional, future | menjutarıq tül esemif I am not going to swallow | senjutarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to swallow | oljutarıq tül eseif he is not going to swallow | bizjutarıq tül esekif we are not going to swallow | sizjutarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to swallow | alajutarıq tül eseleif they are not going to swallow |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjutarıq bolsamif I were going to swallow | senjutarıq bolsaŋif you were going to swallow | oljutarıq bolsaif he were going to swallow | bizjutarıq bolsaqif we were going to swallow | sizjutarıq bolsağızif you all were going to swallow | alajutarıq bolsalaif they were going to swallow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjutmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to swallow | senjutmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to swallow | oljutmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to swallow | bizjutmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to swallow | sizjutmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to swallow | alajutmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to swallow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jutduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjuta bolurmaI must be swallowing | senjuta bolursayou must be swallowing | oljuta bolurhe must be swallowing | bizjuta bolurbuzwe must be swallowing | sizjuta bolursuzyou all must be swallowing | alajuta bolurlathey must be swallowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjutmay bolurmaI must not be swallowing | senjutmay bolursayou must not be swallowing | oljutmay bolurhe must not be swallowing | bizjutmay bolurbuzwe must not be swallowing | sizjutmay bolursuzyou all must not be swallowing | alajutmay bolurlathey must not be swallowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjuta tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of swallowing | senjuta tura bolursayou must be in the middle of swallowing | oljuta tura bolurhe must be in the middle of swallowing | bizjuta tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of swallowing | sizjuta tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of swallowing | alajuta tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of swallowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjutmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not swallowing | senjutmay tura bolursayou must keep on not swallowing | oljutmay tura bolurhe must keep on not swallowing | bizjutmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not swallowing | sizjutmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not swallowing | alajutmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not swallowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjuthan bolurmaI must have swallowed | senjuthan bolursayou must have swallowed | oljuthan bolurhe must have swallowed | bizjuthan bolurbuzwe must have swallowed | sizjuthan bolursuzyou all must have swallowed | alajuthan bolurlathey must have swallowed |
| Inference (must have) | menjutmağan bolurmaI must not have swallowed | senjutmağan bolursayou must not have swallowed | oljutmağan bolurhe must not have swallowed | bizjutmağan bolurbuzwe must not have swallowed | sizjutmağan bolursuzyou all must not have swallowed | alajutmağan bolurlathey must not have swallowed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjutarıq bolurmaI must be going to swallow | senjutarıq bolursayou must be going to swallow | oljutarıq bolurhe must be going to swallow | bizjutarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to swallow | sizjutarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to swallow | alajutarıq bolurlathey must be going to swallow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjutmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to swallow | senjutmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to swallow | oljutmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to swallow | bizjutmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to swallow | sizjutmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to swallow | alajutmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to swallow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjutayımlet me swallow | senjut!swallow! | oljutsunlet him swallow | bizjutayıqlet's swallow | sizjutuğuz!swallow, you all! | alajutsunlalet them swallow |
| Commands & suggestions | menjutmayımlet me not swallow | senjutma!don't swallow! | oljutmasınlet him not swallow | bizjutmayıqlet's not swallow | sizjutmağız!don't swallow, you all! | alajutmasınlalet them not swallow |
| Commands & suggestions | menjutayımmı?shall I swallow? | oljutsunmu?should he swallow? | bizjutayıqmı?shall we swallow? | alajutsunlamı?should they swallow? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjutmayımmı?shall I not swallow? | oljutmasınmı?should he not swallow? | bizjutmayıqmı?shall we not swallow? | alajutmasınlamı?should they not swallow? | ||
| Requests | senjutçu2jutçunplease swallow | oljutsunçudo let him swallow | sizjutçuğuzplease swallow (plural/polite) | alajutsunlaçıdo let them swallow | ||
| Requests | senjutmaçı2jutmaçınplease don't swallow | oljutmasınçıdo let him not swallow | sizjutmaçığızplease don't swallow (plural/polite) | alajutmasınlaçıdo let them not swallow | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjuthunjuthumay you swallow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjutmağınjutmağımay you not swallow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjuthay edim jutha edimwould that I swallowed | senjuthay ediŋ jutha ediŋwould that you swallowed | oljuthay edi jutha ediwould that he swallowed | bizjuthay edik jutha edikwould that we swallowed | sizjuthay edigiz jutha edigizwould that you all swallowed | alajuthay edile jutha edilewould that they swallowed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjutmağay edim jutmağa edimwould that I did not swallow | senjutmağay ediŋ jutmağa ediŋwould that you did not swallow | oljutmağay edi jutmağa ediwould that he did not swallow | bizjutmağay edik jutmağa edikwould that we did not swallow | sizjutmağay edigiz jutmağa edigizwould that you all did not swallow | alajutmağay edile jutmağa edilewould that they did not swallow |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjutmağa qoyayımjutma qoyayımlet me allow someone to swallow | senjutmağa qoy!jutma qoy!let someone swallow! | oljutmağa qoysunjutma qoysunlet him allow someone to swallow | bizjutmağa qoyayıqjutma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to swallow | sizjutmağa qoyuğuz!jutma qoyuğuz!let someone swallow, you all! | alajutmağa qoysunlajutma qoysunlalet them allow someone to swallow |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjutmağa qoymayımjutma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to swallow | senjutmağa qoyma!jutma qoyma!don't let someone swallow! | oljutmağa qoymasınjutma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to swallow | bizjutmağa qoymayıqjutma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to swallow | sizjutmağa qoymağız!jutma qoymağız!don't let someone swallow, you all! | alajutmağa qoymasınlajutma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to swallow |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjutmağa qoyayımmı?jutma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to swallow? | oljutmağa qoysunmu?jutma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to swallow? | bizjutmağa qoyayıqmı?jutma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to swallow? | alajutmağa qoysunlamı?jutma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to swallow? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjutmağa qoymayımmı?jutma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to swallow? | oljutmağa qoymasınmı?jutma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to swallow? | bizjutmağa qoymayıqmı?jutma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to swallow? | alajutmağa qoymasınlamı?jutma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to swallow? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjutmağa qoyamajutma qoyamaI allow someone to swallow | senjutmağa qoyasajutma qoyasayou allow someone to swallow | oljutmağa qoyadıjutma qoyadıhe allows someone to swallow | bizjutmağa qoyabızjutma qoyabızwe allow someone to swallow | sizjutmağa qoyasızjutma qoyasızyou all allow someone to swallow | alajutmağa qoyadılajutma qoyadılathey allow someone to swallow |
| Let someone… (present) | menjutmağa qoymaymajutma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to swallow | senjutmağa qoymaysajutma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to swallow | oljutmağa qoymaydıjutma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to swallow | bizjutmağa qoymaybızjutma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to swallow | sizjutmağa qoymaysızjutma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to swallow | alajutmağa qoymaydılajutma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to swallow |
| Let someone… (present) | menjutmağa qoyamamı?jutma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to swallow? | senjutmağa qoyamısa?jutma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to swallow? | oljutmağa qoyamıdı?jutma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to swallow? | bizjutmağa qoyabızmı?jutma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to swallow? | sizjutmağa qoyamısız?jutma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to swallow? | alajutmağa qoyamıdıla?jutma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to swallow? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjutmağa qoymaymamı?jutma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to swallow? | senjutmağa qoymaymısa?jutma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to swallow? | oljutmağa qoymaymıdı?jutma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to swallow? | bizjutmağa qoymaybızmı?jutma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to swallow? | sizjutmağa qoymaymısız?jutma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to swallow? | alajutmağa qoymaymıdıla?jutma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to swallow? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjutmağa qoydumjutma qoydumI allowed someone to swallow | senjutmağa qoyduŋjutma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to swallow | oljutmağa qoydujutma qoyduhe allowed someone to swallow | bizjutmağa qoyduqjutma qoyduqwe allowed someone to swallow | sizjutmağa qoyduğuzjutma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to swallow | alajutmağa qoydulajutma qoydulathey allowed someone to swallow |
| Let someone… (past) | menjutmağa qoymadımjutma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to swallow | senjutmağa qoymadıŋjutma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to swallow | oljutmağa qoymadıjutma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to swallow | bizjutmağa qoymadıqjutma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to swallow | sizjutmağa qoymadığızjutma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to swallow | alajutmağa qoymadılajutma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to swallow |
| Let someone… (past) | menjutmağa qoydummu?jutma qoydummu?did I allow someone to swallow? | senjutmağa qoyduŋmu?jutma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to swallow? | oljutmağa qoydumu?jutma qoydumu?did he allow someone to swallow? | bizjutmağa qoyduqmu?jutma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to swallow? | sizjutmağa qoyduğuzmu?jutma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to swallow? | alajutmağa qoydulamı?jutma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to swallow? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjutmağa qoymadımmı?jutma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to swallow? | senjutmağa qoymadıŋmı?jutma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to swallow? | oljutmağa qoymadımı?jutma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to swallow? | bizjutmağa qoymadıqmı?jutma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to swallow? | sizjutmağa qoymadığızmı?jutma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to swallow? | alajutmağa qoymadılamı?jutma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to swallow? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jutalırğa be able to swallow · jutalmazğa be unable to swallow
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjutalamaI can swallow | senjutalasayou can swallow | oljutaladıhe can swallow | bizjutalabızwe can swallow | sizjutalasızyou all can swallow | alajutaladılathey can swallow |
| Ability — present | menjutalmaymaI can't swallow | senjutalmaysayou can't swallow | oljutalmaydıhe can't swallow | bizjutalmaybızwe can't swallow | sizjutalmaysızyou all can't swallow | alajutalmaydılathey can't swallow |
| Ability — present | menjutalamamı? jutalamıma?can I swallow? | senjutalamısa?can you swallow? | oljutalamıdı?can he swallow? | bizjutalabızmı? jutalamıbız?can we swallow? | sizjutalamısız?can you all swallow? | alajutalamıdıla?can they swallow? |
| Ability — present | menjutalmaymamı? jutalmaymıma?can't I swallow? | senjutalmaymısa?can't you swallow? | oljutalmaymıdı?can't he swallow? | bizjutalmaybızmı? jutalmaymıbız?can't we swallow? | sizjutalmaymısız?can't you all swallow? | alajutalmaymıdıla?can't they swallow? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjutalsamif I can swallow | senjutalsaŋif you can swallow | oljutalsaif he can swallow | bizjutalsaqif we can swallow | sizjutalsağızif you all can swallow | alajutalsalaif they can swallow |
| Ability — if I can… | menjutalmasamif I can't swallow | senjutalmasaŋif you can't swallow | oljutalmasaif he can't swallow | bizjutalmasaqif we can't swallow | sizjutalmasağızif you all can't swallow | alajutalmasalaif they can't swallow |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjutaldımI was able to swallow | senjutaldıŋyou were able to swallow | oljutaldıhe was able to swallow | bizjutaldıqwe were able to swallow | sizjutaldığızyou all were able to swallow | alajutaldılathey were able to swallow |
| Ability — simple past | menjutalmadımI could not swallow | senjutalmadıŋyou could not swallow | oljutalmadıhe could not swallow | bizjutalmadıqwe could not swallow | sizjutalmadığızyou all could not swallow | alajutalmadılathey could not swallow |
| Ability — simple past | menjutaldımmı?was I able to swallow? | senjutaldıŋmı?were you able to swallow? | oljutaldımı?was he able to swallow? | bizjutaldıqmı?were we able to swallow? | sizjutaldığızmı?were you all able to swallow? | alajutaldılamı?were they able to swallow? |
| Ability — simple past | menjutalmadımmı?couldn't I swallow? | senjutalmadıŋmı?couldn't you swallow? | oljutalmadımı?couldn't he swallow? | bizjutalmadıqmı?couldn't we swallow? | sizjutalmadığızmı?couldn't you all swallow? | alajutalmadılamı?couldn't they swallow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjutalğanmaI have been able to swallow | senjutalğansayou have been able to swallow | oljutalğandıhe has been able to swallow | bizjutalğanbızwe have been able to swallow | sizjutalğansızyou all have been able to swallow | alajutalğandılathey have been able to swallow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjutalmağanmaI haven't been able to swallow | senjutalmağansayou haven't been able to swallow | oljutalmağandıhe hasn't been able to swallow | bizjutalmağanbızwe haven't been able to swallow | sizjutalmağansızyou all haven't been able to swallow | alajutalmağandılathey haven't been able to swallow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjutalğanmamı? jutalğanmıma?have I been able to swallow? | senjutalğanmısa?have you been able to swallow? | oljutalğanmıdı?has he been able to swallow? | bizjutalğanbızmı? jutalğanmıbız?have we been able to swallow? | sizjutalğanmısız?have you all been able to swallow? | alajutalğanmıdıla?have they been able to swallow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjutalmağanmamı? jutalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to swallow? | senjutalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to swallow? | oljutalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to swallow? | bizjutalmağanbızmı? jutalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to swallow? | sizjutalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to swallow? | alajutalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to swallow? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjutalğan edimjutalğanemI had been able to swallow | senjutalğan ediŋjutalğaneŋyou had been able to swallow | oljutalğan edijutalğanedhe had been able to swallow | bizjutalğan edikjutalğanekwe had been able to swallow | sizjutalğan edigizjutalğanegizyou all had been able to swallow | alajutalğan edilejutalğanellethey had been able to swallow |
| Ability — past perfect | menjutalmağan edimjutalmağanemI hadn't been able to swallow | senjutalmağan ediŋjutalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to swallow | oljutalmağan edijutalmağanedhe hadn't been able to swallow | bizjutalmağan edikjutalmağanekwe hadn't been able to swallow | sizjutalmağan edigizjutalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to swallow | alajutalmağan edilejutalmağanellethey hadn't been able to swallow |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjutala edimjutalaemI could swallow | senjutala ediŋjutalaeŋyou could swallow | oljutala edijutalaedhe could swallow | bizjutala edikjutalaekwe could swallow | sizjutala edigizjutalaegizyou all could swallow | alajutala edilejutalaellethey could swallow |
| Ability — past background | menjutalmay edimjutalmayemI could not swallow | senjutalmay ediŋjutalmayeŋyou could not swallow | oljutalmay edijutalmayedhe could not swallow | bizjutalmay edikjutalmayekwe could not swallow | sizjutalmay edigizjutalmayegizyou all could not swallow | alajutalmay edilejutalmayellethey could not swallow |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjutalırmaI will be able to swallow | senjutalırsayou will be able to swallow | oljutalırhe will be able to swallow | bizjutalırbızwe will be able to swallow | sizjutalırsızyou all will be able to swallow | alajutalırlathey will be able to swallow |
| Ability — future I | menjutalmazmaI won't be able to swallow | senjutalmazsayou won't be able to swallow | oljutalmazhe won't be able to swallow | bizjutalmazbızwe won't be able to swallow | sizjutalmazsızyou all won't be able to swallow | alajutalmazlathey won't be able to swallow |
| Ability — future I | menjutalırmamı? jutalırmıma?will I be able to swallow? | senjutalırmısa?will you be able to swallow? | oljutalırmı?will he be able to swallow? | bizjutalırbızmı? jutalırmıbız?will we be able to swallow? | sizjutalırmısız?will you all be able to swallow? | alajutalırlamı? jutalırmıla?will they be able to swallow? |
| Ability — future I | menjutalmazmamı? jutalmazmıma?won't I be able to swallow? | senjutalmazmısa?won't you be able to swallow? | oljutalmazmı?won't he be able to swallow? | bizjutalmazbızmı? jutalmazmıbız?won't we be able to swallow? | sizjutalmazmısız?won't you all be able to swallow? | alajutalmazlamı? jutalmazmıla?won't they be able to swallow? |
| Ability — future II | menjutallıqmaI am going to be able to swallow | senjutallıqsayou are going to be able to swallow | oljutallıqdıhe is going to be able to swallow | bizjutallıqbızwe are going to be able to swallow | sizjutallıqsızyou all are going to be able to swallow | alajutallıqdılathey are going to be able to swallow |
| Ability — future II | menjutallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to swallow | senjutallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to swallow | oljutallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to swallow | bizjutallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to swallow | sizjutallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to swallow | alajutallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to swallow |
| Ability — future II | menjutallıqmamı? jutallıqmıma?am I going to be able to swallow? | senjutallıqmısa?are you going to be able to swallow? | oljutallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to swallow? | bizjutallıqbızmı? jutallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to swallow? | sizjutallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to swallow? | alajutallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to swallow? |
| Ability — future II | menjutallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to swallow? | senjutallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to swallow? | oljutallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to swallow? | bizjutallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to swallow? | sizjutallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to swallow? | alajutallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to swallow? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjutalır edimjutalır emI would be able to swallow | senjutalır ediŋjutalır eŋyou would be able to swallow | oljutalır edijutalır edhe would be able to swallow | bizjutalır edikjutalır ekwe would be able to swallow | sizjutalır edigizjutalır egizyou all would be able to swallow | alajutalır edilejutalır ellethey would be able to swallow |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjutalmaz edimjutalmaz emI wouldn't be able to swallow | senjutalmaz ediŋjutalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to swallow | oljutalmaz edijutalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to swallow | bizjutalmaz edikjutalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to swallow | sizjutalmaz edigizjutalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to swallow | alajutalmaz edilejutalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to swallow |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjutalğınjutalğımay you be able to swallow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjutalmağınjutalmağımay you not be able to swallow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjutarğa izleymeI want to swallow | senjutarğa izleyseyou want to swallow | oljutarğa izleydihe wants to swallow | bizjutarğa izleybizwe want to swallow | sizjutarğa izleysizyou all want to swallow | alajutarğa izleydilethey want to swallow |
| want to | menjutarğa izlemeymeI do not want to swallow | senjutarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to swallow | oljutarğa izlemeydihe does not want to swallow | bizjutarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to swallow | sizjutarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to swallow | alajutarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to swallow |
| would like to | menjutarğa süemeI would like to swallow | senjutarğa süeseyou would like to swallow | oljutarğa süedihe would like to swallow | bizjutarğa süebizwe would like to swallow | sizjutarğa süesizyou all would like to swallow | alajutarğa süedilethey would like to swallow |
| would like to | menjutarğa süymeymeI would not like to swallow | senjutarğa süymeyseyou would not like to swallow | oljutarğa süymeydihe would not like to swallow | bizjutarğa süymeybizwe would not like to swallow | sizjutarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to swallow | alajutarğa süymeydilethey would not like to swallow |
| hope to | menjutarğa umutlanamaI hope to swallow | senjutarğa umutlanasayou hope to swallow | oljutarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to swallow | bizjutarğa umutlanabızwe hope to swallow | sizjutarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to swallow | alajutarğa umutlanadılathey hope to swallow |
| hope to | menjutarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to swallow | senjutarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to swallow | oljutarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to swallow | bizjutarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to swallow | sizjutarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to swallow | alajutarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to swallow |
| be about to | menjutarğa deb turamaI am about to swallow | senjutarğa deb turasayou are about to swallow | oljutarğa deb turadıhe is about to swallow | bizjutarğa deb turabızwe are about to swallow | sizjutarğa deb turasızyou all are about to swallow | alajutarğa deb turadılathey are about to swallow |
| be about to | menjutarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to swallow | senjutarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to swallow | oljutarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to swallow | bizjutarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to swallow | sizjutarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to swallow | alajutarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to swallow |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjutarğa kerekmeI need to swallow | senjutarğa kerekseyou need to swallow | oljutarğa kerekdihe needs to swallow | bizjutarğa kerekbizwe need to swallow | sizjutarğa kereksizyou all need to swallow | alajutarğa kerekdilethey need to swallow |
| need to | menjutarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to swallow | senjutarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to swallow | oljutarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to swallow | bizjutarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to swallow | sizjutarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to swallow | alajutarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to swallow |
| have to | menmenŋe jutarğa tüşediI have to swallow | sensenŋe jutarğa tüşediyou have to swallow | olaŋa jutarğa tüşedihe has to swallow | bizbizge jutarğa tüşediwe have to swallow | sizsizge jutarğa tüşediyou all have to swallow | alaalağa jutarğa tüşedithey have to swallow |
| have to | menmenŋe jutarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to swallow | sensenŋe jutarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to swallow | olaŋa jutarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to swallow | bizbizge jutarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to swallow | sizsizge jutarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to swallow | alaalağa jutarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to swallow |
| be obliged to | menjutarğa borçlumaI am obliged to swallow | senjutarğa borçlusayou are obliged to swallow | oljutarğa borçluduhe is obliged to swallow | bizjutarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to swallow | sizjutarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to swallow | alajutarğa borçludulathey are obliged to swallow |
| be obliged to | menjutarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to swallow | senjutarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to swallow | oljutarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to swallow | bizjutarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to swallow | sizjutarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to swallow | alajutarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to swallow |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjutarğa madarım bardıI have a way to swallow | senjutarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to swallow | oljutarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to swallow | bizjutarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to swallow | sizjutarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to swallow | alajutarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to swallow |
| have a way to | menjutarğa madarım joqduI have no way to swallow | senjutarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to swallow | oljutarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to swallow | bizjutarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to swallow | sizjutarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to swallow | alajutarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to swallow |
| be free to | menjutarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to swallow | senjutarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to swallow | oljutarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to swallow | bizjutarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to swallow | sizjutarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to swallow | alajutarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to swallow |
| be free to | menjutarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to swallow | senjutarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to swallow | oljutarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to swallow | bizjutarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to swallow | sizjutarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to swallow | alajutarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to swallow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jutarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to swallow | sensenŋe jutarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to swallow | olaŋa jutarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to swallow | bizbizge jutarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to swallow | sizsizge jutarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to swallow | alaalağa jutarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to swallow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to swallow | sensenŋe jutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to swallow | olaŋa jutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to swallow | bizbizge jutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to swallow | sizsizge jutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to swallow | alaalağa jutarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to swallow |
| be ready to | menjutarğa hazırmaI am ready to swallow | senjutarğa hazırsayou are ready to swallow | oljutarğa hazırdıhe is ready to swallow | bizjutarğa hazırbızwe are ready to swallow | sizjutarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to swallow | alajutarğa hazırdılathey are ready to swallow |
| be ready to | menjutarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to swallow | senjutarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to swallow | oljutarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to swallow | bizjutarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to swallow | sizjutarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to swallow | alajutarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to swallow |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjutarğa küreşemeI am trying to swallow | senjutarğa küreşeseyou are trying to swallow | oljutarğa küreşedihe is trying to swallow | bizjutarğa küreşebizwe are trying to swallow | sizjutarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to swallow | alajutarğa küreşedilethey are trying to swallow |
| try to | menjutarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to swallow | senjutarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to swallow | oljutarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to swallow | bizjutarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to swallow | sizjutarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to swallow | alajutarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to swallow |
| agree to | menjutarğa unaymaI agree to swallow | senjutarğa unaysayou agree to swallow | oljutarğa unaydıhe agrees to swallow | bizjutarğa unaybızwe agree to swallow | sizjutarğa unaysızyou all agree to swallow | alajutarğa unaydılathey agree to swallow |
| agree to | menjutarğa unamaymaI refuse to swallow | senjutarğa unamaysayou refuse to swallow | oljutarğa unamaydıhe refuses to swallow | bizjutarğa unamaybızwe refuse to swallow | sizjutarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to swallow | alajutarğa unamaydılathey refuse to swallow |
| hurry to | menjutarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to swallow | senjutarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to swallow | oljutarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to swallow | bizjutarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to swallow | sizjutarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to swallow | alajutarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to swallow |
| hurry to | menjutarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to swallow | senjutarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to swallow | oljutarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to swallow | bizjutarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to swallow | sizjutarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to swallow | alajutarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to swallow |
| be afraid to | menjutarğa qorqamaI am afraid to swallow | senjutarğa qorqasayou are afraid to swallow | oljutarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to swallow | bizjutarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to swallow | sizjutarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to swallow | alajutarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to swallow |
| be afraid to | menjutarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to swallow | senjutarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to swallow | oljutarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to swallow | bizjutarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to swallow | sizjutarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to swallow | alajutarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to swallow |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjuta bolmazmaI can't be swallowing | senjuta bolmazsayou can't be swallowing | oljuta bolmazhe can't be swallowing | bizjuta bolmazbızwe can't be swallowing | sizjuta bolmazsızyou all can't be swallowing | alajuta bolmazlathey can't be swallowing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjutmay bolmazmaI must be swallowing (emphatic) | senjutmay bolmazsayou must be swallowing (emphatic) | oljutmay bolmazhe must be swallowing (emphatic) | bizjutmay bolmazbızwe must be swallowing (emphatic) | sizjutmay bolmazsızyou all must be swallowing (emphatic) | alajutmay bolmazlathey must be swallowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjuta turmasamif I don't keep swallowing | senjuta turmasaŋif you don't keep swallowing | oljuta turmasaif he doesn't keep swallowing | bizjuta turmasaqif we don't keep swallowing | sizjuta turmasağızif you all don't keep swallowing | alajuta turmasalaif they don't keep swallowing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjuta tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of swallowing | senjuta tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of swallowing | oljuta tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of swallowing | bizjuta tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of swallowing | sizjuta tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of swallowing | alajuta tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of swallowing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjutmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not swallowing (emphatic) | senjutmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not swallowing (emphatic) | oljutmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not swallowing (emphatic) | bizjutmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not swallowing (emphatic) | sizjutmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not swallowing (emphatic) | alajutmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not swallowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjutmay turamaI keep on not swallowing | senjutmay turasayou keep on not swallowing | oljutmay turadıhe keeps on not swallowing | bizjutmay turabızwe keep on not swallowing | sizjutmay turasızyou all keep on not swallowing | alajutmay turadılathey keep on not swallowing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjutmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not swallowing | senjutmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not swallowing | oljutmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not swallowing | bizjutmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not swallowing | sizjutmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not swallowing | alajutmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not swallowing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjutmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not swallowing? | senjutmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not swallowing? | oljutmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not swallowing? | bizjutmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not swallowing? | sizjutmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not swallowing? | alajutmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not swallowing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjuthan bolmazmaI can't have swallowed | senjuthan bolmazsayou can't have swallowed | oljuthan bolmazhe can't have swallowed | bizjuthan bolmazbızwe can't have swallowed | sizjuthan bolmazsızyou all can't have swallowed | alajuthan bolmazlathey can't have swallowed |
| Inference — double negation | menjutmağan bolmazmaI must have swallowed (emphatic) | senjutmağan bolmazsayou must have swallowed (emphatic) | oljutmağan bolmazhe must have swallowed (emphatic) | bizjutmağan bolmazbızwe must have swallowed (emphatic) | sizjutmağan bolmazsızyou all must have swallowed (emphatic) | alajutmağan bolmazlathey must have swallowed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjuthan bolmasamif it weren't that I had swallowed | senjuthan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had swallowed | oljuthan bolmasaif it weren't that he had swallowed | bizjuthan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had swallowed | sizjuthan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had swallowed | alajuthan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had swallowed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjutmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't swallowed | senjutmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't swallowed | oljutmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't swallowed | bizjutmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't swallowed | sizjutmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't swallowed | alajutmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't swallowed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjutarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to swallow | senjutarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to swallow | oljutarıq bolmazhe can't be going to swallow | bizjutarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to swallow | sizjutarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to swallow | alajutarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to swallow |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjutmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to swallow (emphatic) | senjutmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to swallow (emphatic) | oljutmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to swallow (emphatic) | bizjutmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to swallow (emphatic) | sizjutmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to swallow (emphatic) | alajutmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to swallow (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjutarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to swallow | senjutarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to swallow | oljutarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to swallow | bizjutarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to swallow | sizjutarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to swallow | alajutarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to swallow |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjutmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to swallow | senjutmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to swallow | oljutmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to swallow | bizjutmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to swallow | sizjutmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to swallow | alajutmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to swallow |