jumuşçu
/dʒumuʃtʃu/ · plural jumuşçula
Balkar spelling: zhumuşçu
1. servant, domestic help, maid
- üy jumuşçu — a domestic servant
- jumuşçu tişirıw — a maidservant
- Bekmurzalanı jumuşçusu — the Bekmurzas' servant
- jumuşçu bla birge çığıb ketdi — went out together with the servant
- jumuşçula işge kirişdile — the servants set to work
2. worker, employee
- igi jumuşçu — a good worker
- alay men tülme gitçe jumuşçu — but I am not a minor employee
- jumuşçula bügün işleydile — the workers are working today
- jaş jumuşçu bolğandı — the young man has become a worker
3. errand-runner, messenger, orderly — Also the soldier assigned to an officer's personal service.
- jumuşçu soldat — an orderly (soldier)
- jumuşçu keldi — the errand-runner came
- jumuşçunu jiberdi — he sent the errand-runner
- jumuşçu bolub işleydi — he works as an errand-runner
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jumuşçuthe servant | jumuşçummy servant | jumuşçuŋyour servant | jumuşçusuhis servant | jumuşçubuzour servant | jumuşçuğuzyou all's servant | jumuşçularıtheir servants |
| Genitive | jumuşçunuthe servant's | jumuşçumumy servant's | jumuşçuŋuyour servant's | jumuşçusunuhis servant's | jumuşçubuznuour servant's | jumuşçuğuznuyou all's servant's | jumuşçularınıtheir servants' |
| Accusative | jumuşçunuthe servant (as the object) | jumuşçumumy servant (as the object) | jumuşçuŋuyour servant (as the object) | jumuşçusunhis servant (as the object) | jumuşçubuznuour servant (as the object) | jumuşçuğuznuyou all's servant (as the object) | jumuşçularıntheir servants (as the object) |
| Dative | jumuşçuğato the servant | jumuşçumato my servant | jumuşçuŋato your servant | jumuşçusunato his servant | jumuşçubuzğato our servant | jumuşçuğuzğato you all's servant | jumuşçularınato their servants |
| Locative | jumuşçudain / at the servant | jumuşçumdain / at my servant | jumuşçuŋdain / at your servant | jumuşçusundain / at his servant | jumuşçubuzdain / at our servant | jumuşçuğuzdain / at you all's servant | jumuşçularındain / at their servants |
| Ablative | jumuşçudanfrom the servant | jumuşçumdanfrom my servant | jumuşçuŋdanfrom your servant | jumuşçusundanfrom his servant | jumuşçubuzdanfrom our servant | jumuşçuğuzdanfrom you all's servant | jumuşçularındanfrom their servants |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jumuşçulathe servants | jumuşçularımmy servants | jumuşçularıŋyour servants | jumuşçularıhis servants | jumuşçularıbızour servants | jumuşçularığızyou all's servants | jumuşçularıtheir servants |
| Genitive | jumuşçulanıthe servants' | jumuşçularımımy servants' | jumuşçularıŋıyour servants' | jumuşçularınıhis servants' | jumuşçularıbıznıour servants' | jumuşçularığıznıyou all's servants' | jumuşçularınıtheir servants' |
| Accusative | jumuşçulanıthe servants (as the object) | jumuşçularımımy servants (as the object) | jumuşçularıŋıyour servants (as the object) | jumuşçularınhis servants (as the object) | jumuşçularıbıznıour servants (as the object) | jumuşçularığıznıyou all's servants (as the object) | jumuşçularıntheir servants (as the object) |
| Dative | jumuşçulağato the servants | jumuşçularımato my servants | jumuşçularıŋato your servants | jumuşçularınato his servants | jumuşçularıbızğato our servants | jumuşçularığızğato you all's servants | jumuşçularınato their servants |
| Locative | jumuşçuladain / at the servants | jumuşçularımdain / at my servants | jumuşçularıŋdain / at your servants | jumuşçularındain / at his servants | jumuşçularıbızdain / at our servants | jumuşçularığızdain / at you all's servants | jumuşçularındain / at their servants |
| Ablative | jumuşçuladanfrom the servants | jumuşçularımdanfrom my servants | jumuşçularıŋdanfrom your servants | jumuşçularındanfrom his servants | jumuşçularıbızdanfrom our servants | jumuşçularığızdanfrom you all's servants | jumuşçularındanfrom their servants |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jumuşçuları can mean "his / her servants", "their servant", or "their servants" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jumuşçunuquthe servant's one | jumuşçunuqulathe servant's ones | jumuşçulanıqıthe servants' one | jumuşçulanıqılathe servants' ones |
| Genitive | jumuşçunuqunuof the servant's one | jumuşçunuqulanıof the servant's ones | jumuşçulanıqınıof the servants' one | jumuşçulanıqılanıof the servants' ones |
| Accusative | jumuşçunuqunthe servant's one (as the object) | jumuşçunuqulanıthe servant's ones (as the object) | jumuşçulanıqınthe servants' one (as the object) | jumuşçulanıqılanıthe servants' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | jumuşçunuqunato the servant's one | jumuşçunuqulağato the servant's ones | jumuşçulanıqınato the servants' one | jumuşçulanıqılağato the servants' ones |
| Locative | jumuşçunuqundain / at the servant's one | jumuşçunuquladain / at the servant's ones | jumuşçulanıqındain / at the servants' one | jumuşçulanıqıladain / at the servants' ones |
| Ablative | jumuşçunuqundanfrom the servant's one | jumuşçunuquladanfrom the servant's ones | jumuşçulanıqındanfrom the servants' one | jumuşçulanıqıladanfrom the servants' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.