julurğa
/dʒulurʁa/
1. atone for something, make amends for something, expiate
- ayıbın julurğa — to make amends for his fault
- günahın julurğa küreşedi — he is striving to atone for his sin
- ayıbımı juldum — I made amends for my fault
- terslikni julurğa kerekdi — one must atone for the wrong
2. redeem, ransom, buy someone out — Used of buying a serf out of bondage. With başın it means buying someone out; with baş it means buying oneself out. one source
- baş julurğa — to buy oneself out
- biriŋi başın julurğa — to buy out one of you
- qullanı julurğa — to redeem the bondsmen
- açha berib juldu — he paid money and ransomed him
Expressions
- baş julurğa — clear oneself of blame
Conjugation
Common forms
- juladıhe is atoning for something
- julduhe atoned for something
- julğandıhe has atoned for something
- julurhe will atone for something
- julluqduhe is going to atone for something
- jula edihe was atoning for something
- julsaif he atones for something
- jul!atone for something!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjulamaI am atoning for something | senjulasayou are atoning for something | oljuladıhe is atoning for something | bizjulabızwe are atoning for something | sizjulasızyou all are atoning for something | alajuladılathey are atoning for something |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjulmaymaI am not atoning for something | senjulmaysayou are not atoning for something | oljulmaydıhe is not atoning for something | bizjulmaybızwe are not atoning for something | sizjulmaysızyou all are not atoning for something | alajulmaydılathey are not atoning for something |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjulamamı? julamıma?am I atoning for something? | senjulamısa?are you atoning for something? | oljulamıdı?is he atoning for something? | bizjulabızmı? julamıbız?are we atoning for something? | sizjulamısız?are you all atoning for something? | alajulamıdıla?are they atoning for something? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjulmaymamı? julmaymıma?aren't I atoning for something? | senjulmaymısa?aren't you atoning for something? | oljulmaymıdı?isn't he atoning for something? | bizjulmaybızmı? julmaymıbız?aren't we atoning for something? | sizjulmaymısız?aren't you all atoning for something? | alajulmaymıdıla?aren't they atoning for something? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuluwçanmaI usually atone for something | senjuluwçansayou usually atone for something | oljuluwçandıhe usually atones for something | bizjuluwçanbızwe usually atone for something | sizjuluwçansızyou all usually atone for something | alajuluwçandılathey usually atone for something |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjulmawçanmaI usually don't atone for something | senjulmawçansayou usually don't atone for something | oljulmawçandıhe usually doesn't atone for something | bizjulmawçanbızwe usually don't atone for something | sizjulmawçansızyou all usually don't atone for something | alajulmawçandılathey usually don't atone for something |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuluwçanmamı? juluwçanmıma?do I usually atone for something? | senjuluwçanmısa?do you usually atone for something? | oljuluwçanmıdı?does he usually atone for something? | bizjuluwçanbızmı? juluwçanmıbız?do we usually atone for something? | sizjuluwçanmısız?do you all usually atone for something? | alajuluwçanmıdıla?do they usually atone for something? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjulmawçanmamı? julmawçanmıma?do I usually not atone for something? | senjulmawçanmısa?do you usually not atone for something? | oljulmawçanmıdı?does he usually not atone for something? | bizjulmawçanbızmı? julmawçanmıbız?do we usually not atone for something? | sizjulmawçanmısız?do you all usually not atone for something? | alajulmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not atone for something? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljulubduhe has atoned for something and remains so | alajulubdulathey have atoned for something and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljulubmudu?has he atoned for something? | alajulubmudula?have they atoned for something? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjulub turamaI keep atoning for something | senjulub turasayou keep atoning for something | oljulub turadıhe keeps atoning for something | bizjulub turabızwe keep atoning for something | sizjulub turasızyou all keep atoning for something | alajulub turadılathey keep atoning for something |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjulub turmaymaI don't keep atoning for something | senjulub turmaysayou don't keep atoning for something | oljulub turmaydıhe doesn't keep atoning for something | bizjulub turmaybızwe don't keep atoning for something | sizjulub turmaysızyou all don't keep atoning for something | alajulub turmaydılathey don't keep atoning for something |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjulub turamamı? julub turamıma?do I keep atoning for something? | senjulub turamısa?do you keep atoning for something? | oljulub turamıdı?does he keep atoning for something? | bizjulub turabızmı? julub turamıbız?do we keep atoning for something? | sizjulub turamısız?do you all keep atoning for something? | alajulub turamıdıla?do they keep atoning for something? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjulub turmaymamı? julub turmaymıma?don't I keep atoning for something? | senjulub turmaymısa?don't you keep atoning for something? | oljulub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep atoning for something? | bizjulub turmaybızmı? julub turmaymıbız?don't we keep atoning for something? | sizjulub turmaymısız?don't you all keep atoning for something? | alajulub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep atoning for something? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjula turamaI am in the middle of atoning for something | senjula turasayou are in the middle of atoning for something | oljula turadıhe is in the middle of atoning for something | bizjula turabızwe are in the middle of atoning for something | sizjula turasızyou all are in the middle of atoning for something | alajula turadılathey are in the middle of atoning for something |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjula turmaymaI am not in the middle of atoning for something | senjula turmaysayou are not in the middle of atoning for something | oljula turmaydıhe is not in the middle of atoning for something | bizjula turmaybızwe are not in the middle of atoning for something | sizjula turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of atoning for something | alajula turmaydılathey are not in the middle of atoning for something |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjula turamamı? jula turamıma?am I in the middle of atoning for something? | senjula turamısa?are you in the middle of atoning for something? | oljula turamıdı?is he in the middle of atoning for something? | bizjula turabızmı? jula turamıbız?are we in the middle of atoning for something? | sizjula turamısız?are you all in the middle of atoning for something? | alajula turamıdıla?are they in the middle of atoning for something? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjula turmaymamı? jula turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of atoning for something? | senjula turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of atoning for something? | oljula turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of atoning for something? | bizjula turmaybızmı? jula turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of atoning for something? | sizjula turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of atoning for something? | alajula turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of atoning for something? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuldumI atoned for something | senjulduŋyou atoned for something | oljulduhe atoned for something | bizjulduqwe atoned for something | sizjulduğuzyou all atoned for something | alajuldulathey atoned for something |
| Simple past (definite) | menjulmadımI didn't atone for something | senjulmadıŋyou didn't atone for something | oljulmadıhe didn't atone for something | bizjulmadıqwe didn't atone for something | sizjulmadığızyou all didn't atone for something | alajulmadılathey didn't atone for something |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuldummu?did I atone for something? | senjulduŋmu?did you atone for something? | oljuldumu?did he atone for something? | bizjulduqmu?did we atone for something? | sizjulduğuzmu?did you all atone for something? | alajuldulamı?did they atone for something? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjulmadımmı?didn't I atone for something? | senjulmadıŋmı?didn't you atone for something? | oljulmadımı?didn't he atone for something? | bizjulmadıqmı?didn't we atone for something? | sizjulmadığızmı?didn't you all atone for something? | alajulmadılamı?didn't they atone for something? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjulğanmaI have atoned for something | senjulğansayou have atoned for something | oljulğandıhe has atoned for something | bizjulğanbızwe have atoned for something | sizjulğansızyou all have atoned for something | alajulğandılathey have atoned for something |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjulmağanmaI haven't atoned for something | senjulmağansayou haven't atoned for something | oljulmağandıhe hasn't atoned for something | bizjulmağanbızwe haven't atoned for something | sizjulmağansızyou all haven't atoned for something | alajulmağandılathey haven't atoned for something |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjulğanmamı? julğanmıma?have I atoned for something? | senjulğanmısa?have you atoned for something? | oljulğanmıdı?has he atoned for something? | bizjulğanbızmı? julğanmıbız?have we atoned for something? | sizjulğanmısız?have you all atoned for something? | alajulğanmıdıla?have they atoned for something? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjulmağanmamı? julmağanmıma?haven't I atoned for something? | senjulmağanmısa?haven't you atoned for something? | oljulmağanmıdı?hasn't he atoned for something? | bizjulmağanbızmı? julmağanmıbız?haven't we atoned for something? | sizjulmağanmısız?haven't you all atoned for something? | alajulmağanmıdıla?haven't they atoned for something? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjulub turdumI kept atoning for something | senjulub turduŋyou kept atoning for something | oljulub turduhe kept atoning for something | bizjulub turduqwe kept atoning for something | sizjulub turduğuzyou all kept atoning for something | alajulub turdulathey kept atoning for something |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjulub turmadımI didn't keep atoning for something | senjulub turmadıŋyou didn't keep atoning for something | oljulub turmadıhe didn't keep atoning for something | bizjulub turmadıqwe didn't keep atoning for something | sizjulub turmadığızyou all didn't keep atoning for something | alajulub turmadılathey didn't keep atoning for something |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjulurmaI will atone for something | senjulursayou will atone for something | oljulurhe will atone for something | bizjulurbuzwe will atone for something | sizjulursuzyou all will atone for something | alajulurlathey will atone for something |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjulmazmaI won't atone for something | senjulmazsayou won't atone for something | oljulmazhe won't atone for something | bizjulmazbızwe won't atone for something | sizjulmazsızyou all won't atone for something | alajulmazlathey won't atone for something |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjulurmamı? julurmuma?will I atone for something? | senjulurmusa?will you atone for something? | oljulurmu?will he atone for something? | bizjulurbuzmu? julurmubuz?will we atone for something? | sizjulurmusuz?will you all atone for something? | alajulurlamı? julurmula?will they atone for something? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjulmazmamı? julmazmıma?won't I atone for something? | senjulmazmısa?won't you atone for something? | oljulmazmı?won't he atone for something? | bizjulmazbızmı? julmazmıbız?won't we atone for something? | sizjulmazmısız?won't you all atone for something? | alajulmazlamı? julmazmıla?won't they atone for something? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjulluqmaI am going to atone for something | senjulluqsayou are going to atone for something | oljulluqduhe is going to atone for something | bizjulluqbuzwe are going to atone for something | sizjulluqsuzyou all are going to atone for something | alajulluqdulathey are going to atone for something |
| Definite future (future II) | menjulluq tülmeI am not going to atone for something | senjulluq tülseyou are not going to atone for something | oljulluq tüldühe is not going to atone for something | bizjulluq tülbüzwe are not going to atone for something | sizjulluq tülsüzyou all are not going to atone for something | alajulluq tüldülethey are not going to atone for something |
| Definite future (future II) | menjulluqmamı? julluqmuma?am I going to atone for something? | senjulluqmusa?are you going to atone for something? | oljulluqmudu?is he going to atone for something? | bizjulluqbuzmu? julluqmubuz?are we going to atone for something? | sizjulluqmusuz?are you all going to atone for something? | alajulluqmudula?are they going to atone for something? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjulluq tülmüme?aren't I going to atone for something? | senjulluq tülmüse?aren't you going to atone for something? | oljulluq tülmüdü?isn't he going to atone for something? | bizjulluq tülmübüz?aren't we going to atone for something? | sizjulluq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to atone for something? | alajulluq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to atone for something? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjulğan edimjulğanemI had atoned for something | senjulğan ediŋjulğaneŋyou had atoned for something | oljulğan edijulğanedhe had atoned for something | bizjulğan edikjulğanekwe had atoned for something | sizjulğan edigizjulğanegizyou all had atoned for something | alajulğan edilejulğanellethey had atoned for something |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjulmağan edimjulmağanemI hadn't atoned for something | senjulmağan ediŋjulmağaneŋyou hadn't atoned for something | oljulmağan edijulmağanedhe hadn't atoned for something | bizjulmağan edikjulmağanekwe hadn't atoned for something | sizjulmağan edigizjulmağanegizyou all hadn't atoned for something | alajulmağan edilejulmağanellethey hadn't atoned for something |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjula edimjulaemI was atoning for something | senjula ediŋjulaeŋyou were atoning for something | oljula edijulaedhe was atoning for something | bizjula edikjulaekwe were atoning for something | sizjula edigizjulaegizyou all were atoning for something | alajula edilejulaellethey were atoning for something |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjulmay edimjulmayemI wasn't atoning for something | senjulmay ediŋjulmayeŋyou weren't atoning for something | oljulmay edijulmayedhe wasn't atoning for something | bizjulmay edikjulmayekwe weren't atoning for something | sizjulmay edigizjulmayegizyou all weren't atoning for something | alajulmay edilejulmayellethey weren't atoning for something |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjuluwçan edimjuluwçanemI used to atone for something | senjuluwçan ediŋjuluwçaneŋyou used to atone for something | oljuluwçan edijuluwçanedhe used to atone for something | bizjuluwçan edikjuluwçanekwe used to atone for something | sizjuluwçan edigizjuluwçanegizyou all used to atone for something | alajuluwçan edilejuluwçanellethey used to atone for something |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjulmawçan edimjulmawçanemI didn't use to atone for something | senjulmawçan ediŋjulmawçaneŋyou didn't use to atone for something | oljulmawçan edijulmawçanedhe didn't use to atone for something | bizjulmawçan edikjulmawçanekwe didn't use to atone for something | sizjulmawçan edigizjulmawçanegizyou all didn't use to atone for something | alajulmawçan edilejulmawçanellethey didn't use to atone for something |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljulub edihe had atoned for something and remained so | alajulub edilethey had atoned for something and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljulub tül edihe hadn't atoned for something | alajulub tül edilethey hadn't atoned for something | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjulub tura edimjulub turaemI had kept atoning for something | senjulub tura ediŋjulub turaeŋyou had kept atoning for something | oljulub tura edijulub turaedhe had kept atoning for something | bizjulub tura edikjulub turaekwe had kept atoning for something | sizjulub tura edigizjulub turaegizyou all had kept atoning for something | alajulub tura edilejulub turaellethey had kept atoning for something |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjulub turmay edimjulub turmayemI hadn't kept atoning for something | senjulub turmay ediŋjulub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept atoning for something | oljulub turmay edijulub turmayedhe hadn't kept atoning for something | bizjulub turmay edikjulub turmayekwe hadn't kept atoning for something | sizjulub turmay edigizjulub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept atoning for something | alajulub turmay edilejulub turmayellethey hadn't kept atoning for something |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjula tura edimjula turaemI was in the middle of atoning for something | senjula tura ediŋjula turaeŋyou were in the middle of atoning for something | oljula tura edijula turaedhe was in the middle of atoning for something | bizjula tura edikjula turaekwe were in the middle of atoning for something | sizjula tura edigizjula turaegizyou all were in the middle of atoning for something | alajula tura edilejula turaellethey were in the middle of atoning for something |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjula turmay edimjula turmayemI wasn't in the middle of atoning for something | senjula turmay ediŋjula turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of atoning for something | oljula turmay edijula turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of atoning for something | bizjula turmay edikjula turmayekwe weren't in the middle of atoning for something | sizjula turmay edigizjula turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of atoning for something | alajula turmay edilejula turmayellethey weren't in the middle of atoning for something |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjulur edimjulur emI would atone for something | senjulur ediŋjulur eŋyou would atone for something | oljulur edijulur edhe would atone for something | bizjulur edikjulur ekwe would atone for something | sizjulur edigizjulur egizyou all would atone for something | alajulur edilejulur ellethey would atone for something |
| Conditional result (would) | menjulmaz edimjulmaz emI wouldn't atone for something | senjulmaz ediŋjulmaz eŋyou wouldn't atone for something | oljulmaz edijulmaz edhe wouldn't atone for something | bizjulmaz edikjulmaz ekwe wouldn't atone for something | sizjulmaz edigizjulmaz egizyou all wouldn't atone for something | alajulmaz edilejulmaz ellethey wouldn't atone for something |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjulluq edimjulluq emI would have atoned for something | senjulluq ediŋjulluq eŋyou would have atoned for something | oljulluq edijulluq edhe would have atoned for something | bizjulluq edikjulluq ekwe would have atoned for something | sizjulluq edigizjulluq egizyou all would have atoned for something | alajulluq edilejulluq ellethey would have atoned for something |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjulluq tül edimjulluq tül emI wouldn't have atoned for something | senjulluq tül ediŋjulluq tül eŋyou wouldn't have atoned for something | oljulluq tül edijulluq tül edhe wouldn't have atoned for something | bizjulluq tül edikjulluq tül ekwe wouldn't have atoned for something | sizjulluq tül edigizjulluq tül egizyou all wouldn't have atoned for something | alajulluq tül edilejulluq tül ellethey wouldn't have atoned for something |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjulsamif I atone for something | senjulsaŋif you atone for something | oljulsaif he atones for something | bizjulsaqif we atone for something | sizjulsağızif you all atone for something | alajulsalaif they atone for something |
| Conditional | menjulmasamif I don't atone for something | senjulmasaŋif you don't atone for something | oljulmasaif he doesn't atone for something | bizjulmasaqif we don't atone for something | sizjulmasağızif you all don't atone for something | alajulmasalaif they don't atone for something |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjula esemif I am atoning for something | senjula eseŋif you are atoning for something | oljula eseif he is atoning for something | bizjula esekif we are atoning for something | sizjula esegizif you all are atoning for something | alajula eseleif they are atoning for something |
| Conditional, present real | menjulmay esemif I am not atoning for something | senjulmay eseŋif you are not atoning for something | oljulmay eseif he is not atoning for something | bizjulmay esekif we are not atoning for something | sizjulmay esegizif you all are not atoning for something | alajulmay eseleif they are not atoning for something |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjulsam edijulsam edif only I atoned for something | senjulsaŋ edijulsaŋ edif only you atoned for something | oljulsa edijulsaedif only he atoned for something | bizjulsaq edijulsaq edif only we atoned for something | sizjulsağız edijulsağız edif only you all atoned for something | alajulsala edijulsalaedif only they atoned for something |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjulmasam edijulmasam edif only I didn't atone for something | senjulmasaŋ edijulmasaŋ edif only you didn't atone for something | oljulmasa edijulmasaedif only he didn't atone for something | bizjulmasaq edijulmasaq edif only we didn't atone for something | sizjulmasağız edijulmasağız edif only you all didn't atone for something | alajulmasala edijulmasalaedif only they didn't atone for something |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjulub tursamif I carry on atoning for something | senjulub tursaŋif you carry on atoning for something | oljulub tursaif he carries on atoning for something | bizjulub tursaqif we carry on atoning for something | sizjulub tursağızif you all carry on atoning for something | alajulub tursalaif they carry on atoning for something |
| Durative conditional | menjulub turmasamif I don't carry on atoning for something | senjulub turmasaŋif you don't carry on atoning for something | oljulub turmasaif he doesn't carry on atoning for something | bizjulub turmasaqif we don't carry on atoning for something | sizjulub turmasağızif you all don't carry on atoning for something | alajulub turmasalaif they don't carry on atoning for something |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjulub tura esemif I have kept atoning for something | senjulub tura eseŋif you have kept atoning for something | oljulub tura eseif he has kept atoning for something | bizjulub tura esekif we have kept atoning for something | sizjulub tura esegizif you all have kept atoning for something | alajulub tura eseleif they have kept atoning for something |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjulub turmay esemif I haven't kept atoning for something | senjulub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept atoning for something | oljulub turmay eseif he hasn't kept atoning for something | bizjulub turmay esekif we haven't kept atoning for something | sizjulub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept atoning for something | alajulub turmay eseleif they haven't kept atoning for something |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjula tursamif I keep atoning for something | senjula tursaŋif you keep atoning for something | oljula tursaif he keeps atoning for something | bizjula tursaqif we keep atoning for something | sizjula tursağızif you all keep atoning for something | alajula tursalaif they keep atoning for something |
| Progressive conditional | menjulmay tursamif I keep on not atoning for something | senjulmay tursaŋif you keep on not atoning for something | oljulmay tursaif he keeps on not atoning for something | bizjulmay tursaqif we keep on not atoning for something | sizjulmay tursağızif you all keep on not atoning for something | alajulmay tursalaif they keep on not atoning for something |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjula tura esemif I am in the middle of atoning for something | senjula tura eseŋif you are in the middle of atoning for something | oljula tura eseif he is in the middle of atoning for something | bizjula tura esekif we are in the middle of atoning for something | sizjula tura esegizif you all are in the middle of atoning for something | alajula tura eseleif they are in the middle of atoning for something |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjulmay tura esemif I keep on not atoning for something | senjulmay tura eseŋif you keep on not atoning for something | oljulmay tura eseif he keeps on not atoning for something | bizjulmay tura esekif we keep on not atoning for something | sizjulmay tura esegizif you all keep on not atoning for something | alajulmay tura eseleif they keep on not atoning for something |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjuldum esemif I atoned for something | senjulduŋ eseŋif you atoned for something | oljuldu eseif he atoned for something | bizjulduq esekif we atoned for something | sizjulduğuz esegizif you all atoned for something | alajuldula eseleif they atoned for something |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjulmadım esemif I didn't atone for something | senjulmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't atone for something | oljulmadı eseif he didn't atone for something | bizjulmadıq esekif we didn't atone for something | sizjulmadığız esegizif you all didn't atone for something | alajulmadıla eseleif they didn't atone for something |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjulğan esemif I did atone for something (indeed) | senjulğan eseŋif you did atone for something (indeed) | oljulğan eseif he did atone for something (indeed) | bizjulğan esekif we did atone for something (indeed) | sizjulğan esegizif you all did atone for something (indeed) | alajulğan eseleif they did atone for something (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjulmağan esemif I didn't atone for something (indeed) | senjulmağan eseŋif you didn't atone for something (indeed) | oljulmağan eseif he didn't atone for something (indeed) | bizjulmağan esekif we didn't atone for something (indeed) | sizjulmağan esegizif you all didn't atone for something (indeed) | alajulmağan eseleif they didn't atone for something (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjulğan bolsamif I had atoned for something | senjulğan bolsaŋif you had atoned for something | oljulğan bolsaif he had atoned for something | bizjulğan bolsaqif we had atoned for something | sizjulğan bolsağızif you all had atoned for something | alajulğan bolsalaif they had atoned for something |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjulmağan bolsamif I hadn't atoned for something | senjulmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't atoned for something | oljulmağan bolsaif he hadn't atoned for something | bizjulmağan bolsaqif we hadn't atoned for something | sizjulmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't atoned for something | alajulmağan bolsalaif they hadn't atoned for something |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjulğan bolsam edijulğan bolsam edif only I had atoned for something | senjulğan bolsaŋ edijulğan bolsaŋ edif only you had atoned for something | oljulğan bolsa edijulğan bolsaedif only he had atoned for something | bizjulğan bolsaq edijulğan bolsaq edif only we had atoned for something | sizjulğan bolsağız edijulğan bolsağız edif only you all had atoned for something | alajulğan bolsala edijulğan bolsalaedif only they had atoned for something |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjulmağan bolsam edijulmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't atoned for something | senjulmağan bolsaŋ edijulmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't atoned for something | oljulmağan bolsa edijulmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't atoned for something | bizjulmağan bolsaq edijulmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't atoned for something | sizjulmağan bolsağız edijulmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't atoned for something | alajulmağan bolsala edijulmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't atoned for something |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjulur esemif I will atone for something | senjulur eseŋif you will atone for something | oljulur eseif he will atone for something | bizjulur esekif we will atone for something | sizjulur esegizif you all will atone for something | alajulur eseleif they will atone for something |
| Conditional, aorist | menjulmaz esemif I won't atone for something | senjulmaz eseŋif you won't atone for something | oljulmaz eseif he won't atone for something | bizjulmaz esekif we won't atone for something | sizjulmaz esegizif you all won't atone for something | alajulmaz eseleif they won't atone for something |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjulluq esemif I am going to atone for something | senjulluq eseŋif you are going to atone for something | oljulluq eseif he is going to atone for something | bizjulluq esekif we are going to atone for something | sizjulluq esegizif you all are going to atone for something | alajulluq eseleif they are going to atone for something |
| Conditional, future | menjulluq tül esemif I am not going to atone for something | senjulluq tül eseŋif you are not going to atone for something | oljulluq tül eseif he is not going to atone for something | bizjulluq tül esekif we are not going to atone for something | sizjulluq tül esegizif you all are not going to atone for something | alajulluq tül eseleif they are not going to atone for something |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjulluq bolsamif I were going to atone for something | senjulluq bolsaŋif you were going to atone for something | oljulluq bolsaif he were going to atone for something | bizjulluq bolsaqif we were going to atone for something | sizjulluq bolsağızif you all were going to atone for something | alajulluq bolsalaif they were going to atone for something |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjulmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to atone for something | senjulmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to atone for something | oljulmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to atone for something | bizjulmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to atone for something | sizjulmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to atone for something | alajulmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to atone for something |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso julduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjula bolurmaI must be atoning for something | senjula bolursayou must be atoning for something | oljula bolurhe must be atoning for something | bizjula bolurbuzwe must be atoning for something | sizjula bolursuzyou all must be atoning for something | alajula bolurlathey must be atoning for something |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjulmay bolurmaI must not be atoning for something | senjulmay bolursayou must not be atoning for something | oljulmay bolurhe must not be atoning for something | bizjulmay bolurbuzwe must not be atoning for something | sizjulmay bolursuzyou all must not be atoning for something | alajulmay bolurlathey must not be atoning for something |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjula tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of atoning for something | senjula tura bolursayou must be in the middle of atoning for something | oljula tura bolurhe must be in the middle of atoning for something | bizjula tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of atoning for something | sizjula tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of atoning for something | alajula tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of atoning for something |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjulmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not atoning for something | senjulmay tura bolursayou must keep on not atoning for something | oljulmay tura bolurhe must keep on not atoning for something | bizjulmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not atoning for something | sizjulmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not atoning for something | alajulmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not atoning for something |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjulğan bolurmaI must have atoned for something | senjulğan bolursayou must have atoned for something | oljulğan bolurhe must have atoned for something | bizjulğan bolurbuzwe must have atoned for something | sizjulğan bolursuzyou all must have atoned for something | alajulğan bolurlathey must have atoned for something |
| Inference (must have) | menjulmağan bolurmaI must not have atoned for something | senjulmağan bolursayou must not have atoned for something | oljulmağan bolurhe must not have atoned for something | bizjulmağan bolurbuzwe must not have atoned for something | sizjulmağan bolursuzyou all must not have atoned for something | alajulmağan bolurlathey must not have atoned for something |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjulluq bolurmaI must be going to atone for something | senjulluq bolursayou must be going to atone for something | oljulluq bolurhe must be going to atone for something | bizjulluq bolurbuzwe must be going to atone for something | sizjulluq bolursuzyou all must be going to atone for something | alajulluq bolurlathey must be going to atone for something |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjulmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to atone for something | senjulmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to atone for something | oljulmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to atone for something | bizjulmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to atone for something | sizjulmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to atone for something | alajulmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to atone for something |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjulayımlet me atone for something | senjul!atone for something! | oljulsunlet him atone for something | bizjulayıqlet's atone for something | sizjuluğuz!atone for something, you all! | alajulsunlalet them atone for something |
| Commands & suggestions | menjulmayımlet me not atone for something | senjulma!don't atone for something! | oljulmasınlet him not atone for something | bizjulmayıqlet's not atone for something | sizjulmağız!don't atone for something, you all! | alajulmasınlalet them not atone for something |
| Commands & suggestions | menjulayımmı?shall I atone for something? | oljulsunmu?should he atone for something? | bizjulayıqmı?shall we atone for something? | alajulsunlamı?should they atone for something? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjulmayımmı?shall I not atone for something? | oljulmasınmı?should he not atone for something? | bizjulmayıqmı?shall we not atone for something? | alajulmasınlamı?should they not atone for something? | ||
| Requests | senjulçu2julçunplease atone for something | oljulsunçudo let him atone for something | sizjulçuğuzplease atone for something (plural/polite) | alajulsunlaçıdo let them atone for something | ||
| Requests | senjulmaçı2julmaçınplease don't atone for something | oljulmasınçıdo let him not atone for something | sizjulmaçığızplease don't atone for something (plural/polite) | alajulmasınlaçıdo let them not atone for something | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjulğunjulğumay you atone for something | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjulmağınjulmağımay you not atone for something | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjulğay edim julğa edimwould that I atoned for something | senjulğay ediŋ julğa ediŋwould that you atoned for something | oljulğay edi julğa ediwould that he atoned for something | bizjulğay edik julğa edikwould that we atoned for something | sizjulğay edigiz julğa edigizwould that you all atoned for something | alajulğay edile julğa edilewould that they atoned for something |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjulmağay edim julmağa edimwould that I did not atone for something | senjulmağay ediŋ julmağa ediŋwould that you did not atone for something | oljulmağay edi julmağa ediwould that he did not atone for something | bizjulmağay edik julmağa edikwould that we did not atone for something | sizjulmağay edigiz julmağa edigizwould that you all did not atone for something | alajulmağay edile julmağa edilewould that they did not atone for something |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjulmağa qoyayımjulma qoyayımlet me allow someone to atone for something | senjulmağa qoy!julma qoy!let someone atone for something! | oljulmağa qoysunjulma qoysunlet him allow someone to atone for something | bizjulmağa qoyayıqjulma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to atone for something | sizjulmağa qoyuğuz!julma qoyuğuz!let someone atone for something, you all! | alajulmağa qoysunlajulma qoysunlalet them allow someone to atone for something |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjulmağa qoymayımjulma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to atone for something | senjulmağa qoyma!julma qoyma!don't let someone atone for something! | oljulmağa qoymasınjulma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to atone for something | bizjulmağa qoymayıqjulma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to atone for something | sizjulmağa qoymağız!julma qoymağız!don't let someone atone for something, you all! | alajulmağa qoymasınlajulma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to atone for something |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjulmağa qoyayımmı?julma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to atone for something? | oljulmağa qoysunmu?julma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to atone for something? | bizjulmağa qoyayıqmı?julma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to atone for something? | alajulmağa qoysunlamı?julma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to atone for something? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjulmağa qoymayımmı?julma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to atone for something? | oljulmağa qoymasınmı?julma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to atone for something? | bizjulmağa qoymayıqmı?julma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to atone for something? | alajulmağa qoymasınlamı?julma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to atone for something? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjulmağa qoyamajulma qoyamaI allow someone to atone for something | senjulmağa qoyasajulma qoyasayou allow someone to atone for something | oljulmağa qoyadıjulma qoyadıhe allows someone to atone for something | bizjulmağa qoyabızjulma qoyabızwe allow someone to atone for something | sizjulmağa qoyasızjulma qoyasızyou all allow someone to atone for something | alajulmağa qoyadılajulma qoyadılathey allow someone to atone for something |
| Let someone… (present) | menjulmağa qoymaymajulma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to atone for something | senjulmağa qoymaysajulma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to atone for something | oljulmağa qoymaydıjulma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to atone for something | bizjulmağa qoymaybızjulma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to atone for something | sizjulmağa qoymaysızjulma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to atone for something | alajulmağa qoymaydılajulma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to atone for something |
| Let someone… (present) | menjulmağa qoyamamı?julma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to atone for something? | senjulmağa qoyamısa?julma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to atone for something? | oljulmağa qoyamıdı?julma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to atone for something? | bizjulmağa qoyabızmı?julma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to atone for something? | sizjulmağa qoyamısız?julma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to atone for something? | alajulmağa qoyamıdıla?julma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to atone for something? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjulmağa qoymaymamı?julma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to atone for something? | senjulmağa qoymaymısa?julma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to atone for something? | oljulmağa qoymaymıdı?julma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to atone for something? | bizjulmağa qoymaybızmı?julma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to atone for something? | sizjulmağa qoymaymısız?julma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to atone for something? | alajulmağa qoymaymıdıla?julma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to atone for something? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjulmağa qoydumjulma qoydumI allowed someone to atone for something | senjulmağa qoyduŋjulma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to atone for something | oljulmağa qoydujulma qoyduhe allowed someone to atone for something | bizjulmağa qoyduqjulma qoyduqwe allowed someone to atone for something | sizjulmağa qoyduğuzjulma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to atone for something | alajulmağa qoydulajulma qoydulathey allowed someone to atone for something |
| Let someone… (past) | menjulmağa qoymadımjulma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to atone for something | senjulmağa qoymadıŋjulma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to atone for something | oljulmağa qoymadıjulma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to atone for something | bizjulmağa qoymadıqjulma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to atone for something | sizjulmağa qoymadığızjulma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to atone for something | alajulmağa qoymadılajulma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to atone for something |
| Let someone… (past) | menjulmağa qoydummu?julma qoydummu?did I allow someone to atone for something? | senjulmağa qoyduŋmu?julma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to atone for something? | oljulmağa qoydumu?julma qoydumu?did he allow someone to atone for something? | bizjulmağa qoyduqmu?julma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to atone for something? | sizjulmağa qoyduğuzmu?julma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to atone for something? | alajulmağa qoydulamı?julma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to atone for something? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjulmağa qoymadımmı?julma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to atone for something? | senjulmağa qoymadıŋmı?julma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to atone for something? | oljulmağa qoymadımı?julma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to atone for something? | bizjulmağa qoymadıqmı?julma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to atone for something? | sizjulmağa qoymadığızmı?julma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to atone for something? | alajulmağa qoymadılamı?julma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to atone for something? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
julalırğa be able to atone for something · julalmazğa be unable to atone for something
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjulalamaI can atone for something | senjulalasayou can atone for something | oljulaladıhe can atone for something | bizjulalabızwe can atone for something | sizjulalasızyou all can atone for something | alajulaladılathey can atone for something |
| Ability — present | menjulalmaymaI can't atone for something | senjulalmaysayou can't atone for something | oljulalmaydıhe can't atone for something | bizjulalmaybızwe can't atone for something | sizjulalmaysızyou all can't atone for something | alajulalmaydılathey can't atone for something |
| Ability — present | menjulalamamı? julalamıma?can I atone for something? | senjulalamısa?can you atone for something? | oljulalamıdı?can he atone for something? | bizjulalabızmı? julalamıbız?can we atone for something? | sizjulalamısız?can you all atone for something? | alajulalamıdıla?can they atone for something? |
| Ability — present | menjulalmaymamı? julalmaymıma?can't I atone for something? | senjulalmaymısa?can't you atone for something? | oljulalmaymıdı?can't he atone for something? | bizjulalmaybızmı? julalmaymıbız?can't we atone for something? | sizjulalmaymısız?can't you all atone for something? | alajulalmaymıdıla?can't they atone for something? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjulalsamif I can atone for something | senjulalsaŋif you can atone for something | oljulalsaif he can atone for something | bizjulalsaqif we can atone for something | sizjulalsağızif you all can atone for something | alajulalsalaif they can atone for something |
| Ability — if I can… | menjulalmasamif I can't atone for something | senjulalmasaŋif you can't atone for something | oljulalmasaif he can't atone for something | bizjulalmasaqif we can't atone for something | sizjulalmasağızif you all can't atone for something | alajulalmasalaif they can't atone for something |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjulaldımI was able to atone for something | senjulaldıŋyou were able to atone for something | oljulaldıhe was able to atone for something | bizjulaldıqwe were able to atone for something | sizjulaldığızyou all were able to atone for something | alajulaldılathey were able to atone for something |
| Ability — simple past | menjulalmadımI could not atone for something | senjulalmadıŋyou could not atone for something | oljulalmadıhe could not atone for something | bizjulalmadıqwe could not atone for something | sizjulalmadığızyou all could not atone for something | alajulalmadılathey could not atone for something |
| Ability — simple past | menjulaldımmı?was I able to atone for something? | senjulaldıŋmı?were you able to atone for something? | oljulaldımı?was he able to atone for something? | bizjulaldıqmı?were we able to atone for something? | sizjulaldığızmı?were you all able to atone for something? | alajulaldılamı?were they able to atone for something? |
| Ability — simple past | menjulalmadımmı?couldn't I atone for something? | senjulalmadıŋmı?couldn't you atone for something? | oljulalmadımı?couldn't he atone for something? | bizjulalmadıqmı?couldn't we atone for something? | sizjulalmadığızmı?couldn't you all atone for something? | alajulalmadılamı?couldn't they atone for something? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjulalğanmaI have been able to atone for something | senjulalğansayou have been able to atone for something | oljulalğandıhe has been able to atone for something | bizjulalğanbızwe have been able to atone for something | sizjulalğansızyou all have been able to atone for something | alajulalğandılathey have been able to atone for something |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjulalmağanmaI haven't been able to atone for something | senjulalmağansayou haven't been able to atone for something | oljulalmağandıhe hasn't been able to atone for something | bizjulalmağanbızwe haven't been able to atone for something | sizjulalmağansızyou all haven't been able to atone for something | alajulalmağandılathey haven't been able to atone for something |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjulalğanmamı? julalğanmıma?have I been able to atone for something? | senjulalğanmısa?have you been able to atone for something? | oljulalğanmıdı?has he been able to atone for something? | bizjulalğanbızmı? julalğanmıbız?have we been able to atone for something? | sizjulalğanmısız?have you all been able to atone for something? | alajulalğanmıdıla?have they been able to atone for something? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjulalmağanmamı? julalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to atone for something? | senjulalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to atone for something? | oljulalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to atone for something? | bizjulalmağanbızmı? julalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to atone for something? | sizjulalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to atone for something? | alajulalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to atone for something? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjulalğan edimjulalğanemI had been able to atone for something | senjulalğan ediŋjulalğaneŋyou had been able to atone for something | oljulalğan edijulalğanedhe had been able to atone for something | bizjulalğan edikjulalğanekwe had been able to atone for something | sizjulalğan edigizjulalğanegizyou all had been able to atone for something | alajulalğan edilejulalğanellethey had been able to atone for something |
| Ability — past perfect | menjulalmağan edimjulalmağanemI hadn't been able to atone for something | senjulalmağan ediŋjulalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to atone for something | oljulalmağan edijulalmağanedhe hadn't been able to atone for something | bizjulalmağan edikjulalmağanekwe hadn't been able to atone for something | sizjulalmağan edigizjulalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to atone for something | alajulalmağan edilejulalmağanellethey hadn't been able to atone for something |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjulala edimjulalaemI could atone for something | senjulala ediŋjulalaeŋyou could atone for something | oljulala edijulalaedhe could atone for something | bizjulala edikjulalaekwe could atone for something | sizjulala edigizjulalaegizyou all could atone for something | alajulala edilejulalaellethey could atone for something |
| Ability — past background | menjulalmay edimjulalmayemI could not atone for something | senjulalmay ediŋjulalmayeŋyou could not atone for something | oljulalmay edijulalmayedhe could not atone for something | bizjulalmay edikjulalmayekwe could not atone for something | sizjulalmay edigizjulalmayegizyou all could not atone for something | alajulalmay edilejulalmayellethey could not atone for something |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjulalırmaI will be able to atone for something | senjulalırsayou will be able to atone for something | oljulalırhe will be able to atone for something | bizjulalırbızwe will be able to atone for something | sizjulalırsızyou all will be able to atone for something | alajulalırlathey will be able to atone for something |
| Ability — future I | menjulalmazmaI won't be able to atone for something | senjulalmazsayou won't be able to atone for something | oljulalmazhe won't be able to atone for something | bizjulalmazbızwe won't be able to atone for something | sizjulalmazsızyou all won't be able to atone for something | alajulalmazlathey won't be able to atone for something |
| Ability — future I | menjulalırmamı? julalırmıma?will I be able to atone for something? | senjulalırmısa?will you be able to atone for something? | oljulalırmı?will he be able to atone for something? | bizjulalırbızmı? julalırmıbız?will we be able to atone for something? | sizjulalırmısız?will you all be able to atone for something? | alajulalırlamı? julalırmıla?will they be able to atone for something? |
| Ability — future I | menjulalmazmamı? julalmazmıma?won't I be able to atone for something? | senjulalmazmısa?won't you be able to atone for something? | oljulalmazmı?won't he be able to atone for something? | bizjulalmazbızmı? julalmazmıbız?won't we be able to atone for something? | sizjulalmazmısız?won't you all be able to atone for something? | alajulalmazlamı? julalmazmıla?won't they be able to atone for something? |
| Ability — future II | menjulallıqmaI am going to be able to atone for something | senjulallıqsayou are going to be able to atone for something | oljulallıqdıhe is going to be able to atone for something | bizjulallıqbızwe are going to be able to atone for something | sizjulallıqsızyou all are going to be able to atone for something | alajulallıqdılathey are going to be able to atone for something |
| Ability — future II | menjulallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to atone for something | senjulallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to atone for something | oljulallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to atone for something | bizjulallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to atone for something | sizjulallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to atone for something | alajulallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to atone for something |
| Ability — future II | menjulallıqmamı? julallıqmıma?am I going to be able to atone for something? | senjulallıqmısa?are you going to be able to atone for something? | oljulallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to atone for something? | bizjulallıqbızmı? julallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to atone for something? | sizjulallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to atone for something? | alajulallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to atone for something? |
| Ability — future II | menjulallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to atone for something? | senjulallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to atone for something? | oljulallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to atone for something? | bizjulallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to atone for something? | sizjulallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to atone for something? | alajulallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to atone for something? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjulalır edimjulalır emI would be able to atone for something | senjulalır ediŋjulalır eŋyou would be able to atone for something | oljulalır edijulalır edhe would be able to atone for something | bizjulalır edikjulalır ekwe would be able to atone for something | sizjulalır edigizjulalır egizyou all would be able to atone for something | alajulalır edilejulalır ellethey would be able to atone for something |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjulalmaz edimjulalmaz emI wouldn't be able to atone for something | senjulalmaz ediŋjulalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to atone for something | oljulalmaz edijulalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to atone for something | bizjulalmaz edikjulalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to atone for something | sizjulalmaz edigizjulalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to atone for something | alajulalmaz edilejulalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to atone for something |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjulalğınjulalğımay you be able to atone for something | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjulalmağınjulalmağımay you not be able to atone for something | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjulurğa izleymeI want to atone for something | senjulurğa izleyseyou want to atone for something | oljulurğa izleydihe wants to atone for something | bizjulurğa izleybizwe want to atone for something | sizjulurğa izleysizyou all want to atone for something | alajulurğa izleydilethey want to atone for something |
| want to | menjulurğa izlemeymeI do not want to atone for something | senjulurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to atone for something | oljulurğa izlemeydihe does not want to atone for something | bizjulurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to atone for something | sizjulurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to atone for something | alajulurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to atone for something |
| would like to | menjulurğa süemeI would like to atone for something | senjulurğa süeseyou would like to atone for something | oljulurğa süedihe would like to atone for something | bizjulurğa süebizwe would like to atone for something | sizjulurğa süesizyou all would like to atone for something | alajulurğa süedilethey would like to atone for something |
| would like to | menjulurğa süymeymeI would not like to atone for something | senjulurğa süymeyseyou would not like to atone for something | oljulurğa süymeydihe would not like to atone for something | bizjulurğa süymeybizwe would not like to atone for something | sizjulurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to atone for something | alajulurğa süymeydilethey would not like to atone for something |
| hope to | menjulurğa umutlanamaI hope to atone for something | senjulurğa umutlanasayou hope to atone for something | oljulurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to atone for something | bizjulurğa umutlanabızwe hope to atone for something | sizjulurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to atone for something | alajulurğa umutlanadılathey hope to atone for something |
| hope to | menjulurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to atone for something | senjulurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to atone for something | oljulurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to atone for something | bizjulurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to atone for something | sizjulurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to atone for something | alajulurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to atone for something |
| be about to | menjulurğa deb turamaI am about to atone for something | senjulurğa deb turasayou are about to atone for something | oljulurğa deb turadıhe is about to atone for something | bizjulurğa deb turabızwe are about to atone for something | sizjulurğa deb turasızyou all are about to atone for something | alajulurğa deb turadılathey are about to atone for something |
| be about to | menjulurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to atone for something | senjulurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to atone for something | oljulurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to atone for something | bizjulurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to atone for something | sizjulurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to atone for something | alajulurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to atone for something |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjulurğa kerekmeI need to atone for something | senjulurğa kerekseyou need to atone for something | oljulurğa kerekdihe needs to atone for something | bizjulurğa kerekbizwe need to atone for something | sizjulurğa kereksizyou all need to atone for something | alajulurğa kerekdilethey need to atone for something |
| need to | menjulurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to atone for something | senjulurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to atone for something | oljulurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to atone for something | bizjulurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to atone for something | sizjulurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to atone for something | alajulurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to atone for something |
| have to | menmenŋe julurğa tüşediI have to atone for something | sensenŋe julurğa tüşediyou have to atone for something | olaŋa julurğa tüşedihe has to atone for something | bizbizge julurğa tüşediwe have to atone for something | sizsizge julurğa tüşediyou all have to atone for something | alaalağa julurğa tüşedithey have to atone for something |
| have to | menmenŋe julurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to atone for something | sensenŋe julurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to atone for something | olaŋa julurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to atone for something | bizbizge julurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to atone for something | sizsizge julurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to atone for something | alaalağa julurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to atone for something |
| be obliged to | menjulurğa borçlumaI am obliged to atone for something | senjulurğa borçlusayou are obliged to atone for something | oljulurğa borçluduhe is obliged to atone for something | bizjulurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to atone for something | sizjulurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to atone for something | alajulurğa borçludulathey are obliged to atone for something |
| be obliged to | menjulurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to atone for something | senjulurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to atone for something | oljulurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to atone for something | bizjulurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to atone for something | sizjulurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to atone for something | alajulurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to atone for something |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjulurğa madarım bardıI have a way to atone for something | senjulurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to atone for something | oljulurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to atone for something | bizjulurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to atone for something | sizjulurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to atone for something | alajulurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to atone for something |
| have a way to | menjulurğa madarım joqduI have no way to atone for something | senjulurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to atone for something | oljulurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to atone for something | bizjulurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to atone for something | sizjulurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to atone for something | alajulurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to atone for something |
| be free to | menjulurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to atone for something | senjulurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to atone for something | oljulurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to atone for something | bizjulurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to atone for something | sizjulurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to atone for something | alajulurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to atone for something |
| be free to | menjulurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to atone for something | senjulurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to atone for something | oljulurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to atone for something | bizjulurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to atone for something | sizjulurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to atone for something | alajulurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to atone for something |
| be possible to | menmenŋe julurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to atone for something | sensenŋe julurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to atone for something | olaŋa julurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to atone for something | bizbizge julurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to atone for something | sizsizge julurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to atone for something | alaalağa julurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to atone for something |
| be possible to | menmenŋe julurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to atone for something | sensenŋe julurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to atone for something | olaŋa julurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to atone for something | bizbizge julurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to atone for something | sizsizge julurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to atone for something | alaalağa julurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to atone for something |
| be ready to | menjulurğa hazırmaI am ready to atone for something | senjulurğa hazırsayou are ready to atone for something | oljulurğa hazırdıhe is ready to atone for something | bizjulurğa hazırbızwe are ready to atone for something | sizjulurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to atone for something | alajulurğa hazırdılathey are ready to atone for something |
| be ready to | menjulurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to atone for something | senjulurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to atone for something | oljulurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to atone for something | bizjulurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to atone for something | sizjulurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to atone for something | alajulurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to atone for something |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjulurğa küreşemeI am trying to atone for something | senjulurğa küreşeseyou are trying to atone for something | oljulurğa küreşedihe is trying to atone for something | bizjulurğa küreşebizwe are trying to atone for something | sizjulurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to atone for something | alajulurğa küreşedilethey are trying to atone for something |
| try to | menjulurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to atone for something | senjulurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to atone for something | oljulurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to atone for something | bizjulurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to atone for something | sizjulurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to atone for something | alajulurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to atone for something |
| agree to | menjulurğa unaymaI agree to atone for something | senjulurğa unaysayou agree to atone for something | oljulurğa unaydıhe agrees to atone for something | bizjulurğa unaybızwe agree to atone for something | sizjulurğa unaysızyou all agree to atone for something | alajulurğa unaydılathey agree to atone for something |
| agree to | menjulurğa unamaymaI refuse to atone for something | senjulurğa unamaysayou refuse to atone for something | oljulurğa unamaydıhe refuses to atone for something | bizjulurğa unamaybızwe refuse to atone for something | sizjulurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to atone for something | alajulurğa unamaydılathey refuse to atone for something |
| hurry to | menjulurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to atone for something | senjulurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to atone for something | oljulurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to atone for something | bizjulurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to atone for something | sizjulurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to atone for something | alajulurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to atone for something |
| hurry to | menjulurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to atone for something | senjulurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to atone for something | oljulurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to atone for something | bizjulurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to atone for something | sizjulurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to atone for something | alajulurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to atone for something |
| be afraid to | menjulurğa qorqamaI am afraid to atone for something | senjulurğa qorqasayou are afraid to atone for something | oljulurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to atone for something | bizjulurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to atone for something | sizjulurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to atone for something | alajulurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to atone for something |
| be afraid to | menjulurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to atone for something | senjulurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to atone for something | oljulurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to atone for something | bizjulurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to atone for something | sizjulurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to atone for something | alajulurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to atone for something |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjula bolmazmaI can't be atoning for something | senjula bolmazsayou can't be atoning for something | oljula bolmazhe can't be atoning for something | bizjula bolmazbızwe can't be atoning for something | sizjula bolmazsızyou all can't be atoning for something | alajula bolmazlathey can't be atoning for something |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjulmay bolmazmaI must be atoning for something (emphatic) | senjulmay bolmazsayou must be atoning for something (emphatic) | oljulmay bolmazhe must be atoning for something (emphatic) | bizjulmay bolmazbızwe must be atoning for something (emphatic) | sizjulmay bolmazsızyou all must be atoning for something (emphatic) | alajulmay bolmazlathey must be atoning for something (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjula turmasamif I don't keep atoning for something | senjula turmasaŋif you don't keep atoning for something | oljula turmasaif he doesn't keep atoning for something | bizjula turmasaqif we don't keep atoning for something | sizjula turmasağızif you all don't keep atoning for something | alajula turmasalaif they don't keep atoning for something |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjula tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of atoning for something | senjula tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of atoning for something | oljula tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of atoning for something | bizjula tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of atoning for something | sizjula tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of atoning for something | alajula tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of atoning for something |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjulmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not atoning for something (emphatic) | senjulmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not atoning for something (emphatic) | oljulmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not atoning for something (emphatic) | bizjulmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not atoning for something (emphatic) | sizjulmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not atoning for something (emphatic) | alajulmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not atoning for something (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjulmay turamaI keep on not atoning for something | senjulmay turasayou keep on not atoning for something | oljulmay turadıhe keeps on not atoning for something | bizjulmay turabızwe keep on not atoning for something | sizjulmay turasızyou all keep on not atoning for something | alajulmay turadılathey keep on not atoning for something |
| Progressive — double negation | menjulmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not atoning for something | senjulmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not atoning for something | oljulmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not atoning for something | bizjulmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not atoning for something | sizjulmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not atoning for something | alajulmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not atoning for something |
| Progressive — double negation | menjulmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not atoning for something? | senjulmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not atoning for something? | oljulmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not atoning for something? | bizjulmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not atoning for something? | sizjulmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not atoning for something? | alajulmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not atoning for something? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjulğan bolmazmaI can't have atoned for something | senjulğan bolmazsayou can't have atoned for something | oljulğan bolmazhe can't have atoned for something | bizjulğan bolmazbızwe can't have atoned for something | sizjulğan bolmazsızyou all can't have atoned for something | alajulğan bolmazlathey can't have atoned for something |
| Inference — double negation | menjulmağan bolmazmaI must have atoned for something (emphatic) | senjulmağan bolmazsayou must have atoned for something (emphatic) | oljulmağan bolmazhe must have atoned for something (emphatic) | bizjulmağan bolmazbızwe must have atoned for something (emphatic) | sizjulmağan bolmazsızyou all must have atoned for something (emphatic) | alajulmağan bolmazlathey must have atoned for something (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjulğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had atoned for something | senjulğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had atoned for something | oljulğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had atoned for something | bizjulğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had atoned for something | sizjulğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had atoned for something | alajulğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had atoned for something |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjulmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't atoned for something | senjulmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't atoned for something | oljulmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't atoned for something | bizjulmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't atoned for something | sizjulmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't atoned for something | alajulmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't atoned for something |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjulluq bolmazmaI can't be going to atone for something | senjulluq bolmazsayou can't be going to atone for something | oljulluq bolmazhe can't be going to atone for something | bizjulluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to atone for something | sizjulluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to atone for something | alajulluq bolmazlathey can't be going to atone for something |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjulmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to atone for something (emphatic) | senjulmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to atone for something (emphatic) | oljulmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to atone for something (emphatic) | bizjulmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to atone for something (emphatic) | sizjulmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to atone for something (emphatic) | alajulmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to atone for something (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjulluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to atone for something | senjulluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to atone for something | oljulluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to atone for something | bizjulluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to atone for something | sizjulluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to atone for something | alajulluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to atone for something |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjulmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to atone for something | senjulmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to atone for something | oljulmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to atone for something | bizjulmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to atone for something | sizjulmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to atone for something | alajulmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to atone for something |