joyum
/dʒojum/
Definition
expenditure, an outlay of money or resources
- hayırsız joyum — a useless outlay
- joyum köb boldu — the expenditure came to a great deal
- joyumnu azaytırğa — to reduce the expenditure
Feedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | joyumthe expenditure | joyumlathe expenditures | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | joyumnuthe expenditure's | joyumlanıthe expenditures' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | joyumnuthe expenditure (as the object) | joyumlanıthe expenditures (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | joyumğato the expenditure | joyumlağato the expenditures | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | joyumdaat / in the expenditure | joyumladaat / in the expenditures | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | joyumdanfrom the expenditure | joyumladanfrom the expenditures | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | joyumummy expenditure | joyumlarımmy expenditures |
| your | joyumungyour expenditure | joyumlarıngyour expenditures |
| his / her | joyumuhis / her expenditure | joyumlarıhis / her expenditures |
| our | joyumubuzour expenditure | joyumlarıbızour expenditures |
| you all's | joyumuğuzyou all's expenditure | joyumlarığızyou all's expenditures |
| their | joyumlarıtheir expenditure | joyumlarıtheir expenditures |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: joyumları can mean "his / her expenditures", "their expenditure", or "their expenditures" — context decides.