jawlarğa
/dʒawlarʁa/
to bear a grudge against someone, to be at odds with someone, to be on bad terms
- ol meni jawlab turadı — he bears a grudge against me
- ala bir birni jawlaydıla — they are at odds with one another
- men anı jawlamayma — I bear him no grudge
Conjugation
Common forms
- jawlaydıhe is bearing a grudge against someone
- jawladıhe bore a grudge against someone
- jawlağandıhe has borne a grudge against someone
- jawlarhe will bear a grudge against someone
- jawlarıqdıhe is going to bear a grudge against someone
- jawlay edihe was bearing a grudge against someone
- jawlasaif he bears a grudge against someone
- jawla!bear a grudge against someone!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous)he is bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlayma | senjawlaysa | oljawlaydı | bizjawlaybız | sizjawlaysız | alajawlaydıla |
| Present (simple & continuous)he is not bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlamayma | senjawlamaysa | oljawlamaydı | bizjawlamaybız | sizjawlamaysız | alajawlamaydıla |
| Present (simple & continuous)is he bearing a grudge against someone? | menjawlaymıma? jawlaymamı? | senjawlaymısa? | oljawlaymıdı? | bizjawlaymıbız? jawlaybızmı? | sizjawlaymısız? | alajawlaymıdıla? |
| Present (simple & continuous)isn't he bearing a grudge against someone? | menjawlamaymıma? jawlamaymamı? | senjawlamaymısa? | oljawlamaymıdı? | bizjawlamaymıbız? jawlamaybızmı? | sizjawlamaymısız? | alajawlamaymıdıla? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to)he usually bears a grudge against someone | menjawlawçanma | senjawlawçansa | oljawlawçandı | bizjawlawçanbız | sizjawlawçansız | alajawlawçandıla |
| Habitual (usually, tends to)he doesn't usually bear a grudge against someone | menjawlawçan tülme | senjawlawçan tülse | oljawlawçan tüldü | bizjawlawçan tülbüz | sizjawlawçan tülsüz | alajawlawçan tüldüle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to)does he usually bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlawçanmıma? jawlawçanmamı? | senjawlawçanmısa? | oljawlawçanmıdı? | bizjawlawçanmıbız? jawlawçanbızmı? | sizjawlawçanmısız? | alajawlawçanmıdıla? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to)doesn't he usually bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlawçan tülmüme? | senjawlawçan tülmüse? | oljawlawçan tülmüdü? | bizjawlawçan tülmübüz? | sizjawlawçan tülmüsüz? | alajawlawçan tülmüdüle? |
| Resultative (has become and stays)he has borne a grudge against someone and remains so | oljawlabdı | alajawlabdıla | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays)no such form | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays)has he borne a grudge against someone? | oljawlabmıdı? | alajawlabmıdıla? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays)no such form | ||||||
| Progressive (in the middle of)he is in the middle of bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay turama | senjawlay turasa | oljawlay turadı | bizjawlay turabız | sizjawlay turasız | alajawlay turadıla |
| Progressive (in the middle of)he is not in the middle of bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay turmayma | senjawlay turmaysa | oljawlay turmaydı | bizjawlay turmaybız | sizjawlay turmaysız | alajawlay turmaydıla |
| Progressive (in the middle of)is he in the middle of bearing a grudge against someone? | menjawlay turamıma? jawlay turamamı? | senjawlay turamısa? | oljawlay turamıdı? | bizjawlay turamıbız? jawlay turabızmı? | sizjawlay turamısız? | alajawlay turamıdıla? |
| Progressive (in the middle of)isn't he in the middle of bearing a grudge against someone? | menjawlay turmaymıma? jawlay turmaymamı? | senjawlay turmaymısa? | oljawlay turmaymıdı? | bizjawlay turmaymıbız? jawlay turmaybızmı? | sizjawlay turmaymısız? | alajawlay turmaymıdıla? |
| Simple past (definite)he bore a grudge against someone | menjawladım | senjawladıng | oljawladı | bizjawladıq | sizjawladığız | alajawladıla |
| Simple past (definite)he didn't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamadım | senjawlamadıng | oljawlamadı | bizjawlamadıq | sizjawlamadığız | alajawlamadıla |
| Simple past (definite)did he bear a grudge against someone? | menjawladımmı? | senjawladıngmı? | oljawladımı? | bizjawladıqmı? | sizjawladığızmı? | alajawladılamı? |
| Simple past (definite)didn't he bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamadımmı? | senjawlamadıngmı? | oljawlamadımı? | bizjawlamadıqmı? | sizjawlamadığızmı? | alajawlamadılamı? |
| Perfect (past indefinite)he has borne a grudge against someone | menjawlağanma | senjawlağansa | oljawlağandı | bizjawlağanbız | sizjawlağansız | alajawlağandıla |
| Perfect (past indefinite)he hasn't borne a grudge against someone | menjawlamağanma | senjawlamağansa | oljawlamağandı | bizjawlamağanbız | sizjawlamağansız | alajawlamağandıla |
| Perfect (past indefinite)has he borne a grudge against someone? | menjawlağanmıma? jawlağanmamı? | senjawlağanmısa? | oljawlağanmıdı? | bizjawlağanmıbız? jawlağanbızmı? | sizjawlağanmısız? | alajawlağanmıdıla? |
| Perfect (past indefinite)hasn't he borne a grudge against someone? | menjawlamağanmıma? jawlamağanmamı? | senjawlamağanmısa? | oljawlamağanmıdı? | bizjawlamağanmıbız? jawlamağanbızmı? | sizjawlamağanmısız? | alajawlamağanmıdıla? |
| Indefinite future (future I)he will bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarma | senjawlarsa | oljawlar | bizjawlarbız | sizjawlarsız | alajawlarla |
| Indefinite future (future I)he won't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamazma | senjawlamazsa | oljawlamaz | bizjawlamazbız | sizjawlamazsız | alajawlamazla |
| Indefinite future (future I)will he bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlarmıma? jawlarmamı? | senjawlarmısa? | oljawlarmı? | bizjawlarmıbız? jawlarbızmı? | sizjawlarmısız? | alajawlarmıla? |
| Indefinite future (future I)won't he bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamazmıma? jawlamazmamı? | senjawlamazmısa? | oljawlamazmı? | bizjawlamazmıbız? jawlamazbızmı? | sizjawlamazmısız? | alajawlamazmıla? |
| Definite future (future II)he is going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarıqma | senjawlarıqsa | oljawlarıqdı | bizjawlarıqbız | sizjawlarıqsız | alajawlarıqdıla |
| Definite future (future II)he is not going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq tülme | senjawlarıq tülse | oljawlarıq tüldü | bizjawlarıq tülbüz | sizjawlarıq tülsüz | alajawlarıq tüldüle |
| Definite future (future II)is he going to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlarıqmıma? jawlarıqmamı? | senjawlarıqmısa? | oljawlarıqmıdı? | bizjawlarıqmıbız? jawlarıqbızmı? | sizjawlarıqmısız? | alajawlarıqmıdıla? |
| Definite future (future II)isn't he going to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlarıq tülmüme? | senjawlarıq tülmüse? | oljawlarıq tülmüdü? | bizjawlarıq tülmübüz? | sizjawlarıq tülmüsüz? | alajawlarıq tülmüdüle? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect)he had borne a grudge against someone | menjawlağan edimjawlağanem | senjawlağan edingjawlağaneng | oljawlağan edijawlağaned | bizjawlağan edikjawlağanek | sizjawlağan edigizjawlağanegiz | alajawlağan edilejawlağanelle |
| Past perfect (pluperfect)he hadn't borne a grudge against someone | menjawlamağan edimjawlamağanem | senjawlamağan edingjawlamağaneng | oljawlamağan edijawlamağaned | bizjawlamağan edikjawlamağanek | sizjawlamağan edigizjawlamağanegiz | alajawlamağan edilejawlamağanelle |
| Past perfect (pluperfect)no such form | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect)no such form | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect)he was bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay edimjawlayem | senjawlay edingjawlayeng | oljawlay edijawlayed | bizjawlay edikjawlayek | sizjawlay edigizjawlayegiz | alajawlay edilejawlayelle |
| Past continuous (imperfect)he wasn't bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlamay edimjawlamayem | senjawlamay edingjawlamayeng | oljawlamay edijawlamayed | bizjawlamay edikjawlamayek | sizjawlamay edigizjawlamayegiz | alajawlamay edilejawlamayelle |
| Past continuous (imperfect)no such form | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect)no such form | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to)he used to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlawçan edimjawlawçanem | senjawlawçan edingjawlawçaneng | oljawlawçan edijawlawçaned | bizjawlawçan edikjawlawçanek | sizjawlawçan edigizjawlawçanegiz | alajawlawçan edilejawlawçanelle |
| Habitual past (used to)he didn't use to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlawçan tül edimjawlawçan tül em | senjawlawçan tül edingjawlawçan tül eng | oljawlawçan tül edijawlawçan tül ed | bizjawlawçan tül edikjawlawçan tül ek | sizjawlawçan tül edigizjawlawçan tül egiz | alajawlawçan tül edilejawlawçan tül elle |
| Habitual past (used to)no such form | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to)no such form | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed)he had borne a grudge against someone and remained so | oljawlab edi | alajawlab edile | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed)he hadn't borne a grudge against someone | oljawlab tül edi | alajawlab tül edile | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed)no such form | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed)no such form | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of)he was in the middle of bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay tura edimjawlay turaem | senjawlay tura edingjawlay turaeng | oljawlay tura edijawlay turaed | bizjawlay tura edikjawlay turaek | sizjawlay tura edigizjawlay turaegiz | alajawlay tura edilejawlay turaelle |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of)he wasn't in the middle of bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay turmay edimjawlay turmayem | senjawlay turmay edingjawlay turmayeng | oljawlay turmay edijawlay turmayed | bizjawlay turmay edikjawlay turmayek | sizjawlay turmay edigizjawlay turmayegiz | alajawlay turmay edilejawlay turmayelle |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of)no such form | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of)no such form | ||||||
| Conditional result (would)he would bear a grudge against someone | menjawlar edimjawlar em | senjawlar edingjawlar eng | oljawlar edijawlar ed | bizjawlar edikjawlar ek | sizjawlar edigizjawlar egiz | alajawlar edilejawlar elle |
| Conditional result (would)he wouldn't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamaz edimjawlamaz em | senjawlamaz edingjawlamaz eng | oljawlamaz edijawlamaz ed | bizjawlamaz edikjawlamaz ek | sizjawlamaz edigizjawlamaz egiz | alajawlamaz edilejawlamaz elle |
| Conditional result (would)no such form | ||||||
| Conditional result (would)no such form | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have)he would have borne a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq edimjawlarıq em | senjawlarıq edingjawlarıq eng | oljawlarıq edijawlarıq ed | bizjawlarıq edikjawlarıq ek | sizjawlarıq edigizjawlarıq egiz | alajawlarıq edilejawlarıq elle |
| Past conditional result (would have)he wouldn't have borne a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq tül edimjawlarıq tül em | senjawlarıq tül edingjawlarıq tül eng | oljawlarıq tül edijawlarıq tül ed | bizjawlarıq tül edikjawlarıq tül ek | sizjawlarıq tül edigizjawlarıq tül egiz | alajawlarıq tül edilejawlarıq tül elle |
| Past conditional result (would have)no such form | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have)no such form |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditionalif he bears a grudge against someone | menjawlasam | senjawlasang | oljawlasa | bizjawlasaq | sizjawlasağız | alajawlasala |
| Conditionalif he doesn't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamasam | senjawlamasang | oljawlamasa | bizjawlamasaq | sizjawlamasağız | alajawlamasala |
| Conditionalno such form | ||||||
| Conditionalno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, present realif he is bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay esem | senjawlay eseng | oljawlay ese | bizjawlay esek | sizjawlay esegiz | alajawlay esele |
| Conditional, present realif he is not bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlamay esem | senjawlamay eseng | oljawlamay ese | bizjawlamay esek | sizjawlamay esegiz | alajawlamay esele |
| Conditional, present realno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, present realno such form | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only)if only he bore a grudge against someone | menjawlasam edijawlasam ed | senjawlasang edijawlasang ed | oljawlasa edijawlasaed | bizjawlasaq edijawlasaq ed | sizjawlasağız edijawlasağız ed | alajawlasala edijawlasalaed |
| Wish, present/future (if only)if only he didn't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamasam edijawlamasam ed | senjawlamasang edijawlamasang ed | oljawlamasa edijawlamasaed | bizjawlamasaq edijawlamasaq ed | sizjawlamasağız edijawlamasağız ed | alajawlamasala edijawlamasalaed |
| Wish, present/future (if only)no such form | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only)no such form | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1if he bore a grudge against someone | menjawladım esem | senjawladıng eseng | oljawladı ese | bizjawladıq esek | sizjawladığız esegiz | alajawladıla esele |
| Conditional, definite past1if he didn't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamadım esem | senjawlamadıng eseng | oljawlamadı ese | bizjawlamadıq esek | sizjawlamadığız esegiz | alajawlamadıla esele |
| Conditional, definite pastno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, definite pastno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, past realif he did bear a grudge against someone (indeed) | menjawlağan esem | senjawlağan eseng | oljawlağan ese | bizjawlağan esek | sizjawlağan esegiz | alajawlağan esele |
| Conditional, past realif he didn't bear a grudge against someone (indeed) | menjawlamağan esem | senjawlamağan eseng | oljawlamağan ese | bizjawlamağan esek | sizjawlamağan esegiz | alajawlamağan esele |
| Conditional, past realno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, past realno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactualif he had borne a grudge against someone | menjawlağan bolsam | senjawlağan bolsang | oljawlağan bolsa | bizjawlağan bolsaq | sizjawlağan bolsağız | alajawlağan bolsala |
| Conditional, counterfactualif he hadn't borne a grudge against someone | menjawlamağan bolsam | senjawlamağan bolsang | oljawlamağan bolsa | bizjawlamağan bolsaq | sizjawlamağan bolsağız | alajawlamağan bolsala |
| Conditional, counterfactualno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactualno such form | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had)if only he had borne a grudge against someone | menjawlağan bolsam edijawlağan bolsam ed | senjawlağan bolsang edijawlağan bolsang ed | oljawlağan bolsa edijawlağan bolsaed | bizjawlağan bolsaq edijawlağan bolsaq ed | sizjawlağan bolsağız edijawlağan bolsağız ed | alajawlağan bolsala edijawlağan bolsalaed |
| Wish, past (if only I had)if only he hadn't borne a grudge against someone | menjawlamağan bolsam edijawlamağan bolsam ed | senjawlamağan bolsang edijawlamağan bolsang ed | oljawlamağan bolsa edijawlamağan bolsaed | bizjawlamağan bolsaq edijawlamağan bolsaq ed | sizjawlamağan bolsağız edijawlamağan bolsağız ed | alajawlamağan bolsala edijawlamağan bolsalaed |
| Wish, past (if only I had)no such form | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had)no such form | ||||||
| Conditional, aoristif he will bear a grudge against someone | menjawlar esem | senjawlar eseng | oljawlar ese | bizjawlar esek | sizjawlar esegiz | alajawlar esele |
| Conditional, aoristif he won't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamaz esem | senjawlamaz eseng | oljawlamaz ese | bizjawlamaz esek | sizjawlamaz esegiz | alajawlamaz esele |
| Conditional, aoristno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, aoristno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, futureif he is going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq esem | senjawlarıq eseng | oljawlarıq ese | bizjawlarıq esek | sizjawlarıq esegiz | alajawlarıq esele |
| Conditional, futureif he is not going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq tül esem | senjawlarıq tül eseng | oljawlarıq tül ese | bizjawlarıq tül esek | sizjawlarıq tül esegiz | alajawlarıq tül esele |
| Conditional, futureno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, futureno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual futureif he were going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq bolsam | senjawlarıq bolsang | oljawlarıq bolsa | bizjawlarıq bolsaq | sizjawlarıq bolsağız | alajawlarıq bolsala |
| Conditional, counterfactual futureif he were not going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamazlıq bolsam | senjawlamazlıq bolsang | oljawlamazlıq bolsa | bizjawlamazlıq bolsaq | sizjawlamazlıq bolsağız | alajawlamazlıq bolsala |
| Conditional, counterfactual futureno such form | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual futureno such form |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jawladıng ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing)he must be bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay bolurma | senjawlay bolursa | oljawlay bolur | bizjawlay bolurbuz | sizjawlay bolursuz | alajawlay bolurla |
| Inference, present (must be doing)he must not be bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlamay bolurma | senjawlamay bolursa | oljawlamay bolur | bizjawlamay bolurbuz | sizjawlamay bolursuz | alajawlamay bolurla |
| Inference, present (must be doing)no such form | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing)no such form | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of)he must be in the middle of bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay tura bolurma | senjawlay tura bolursa | oljawlay tura bolur | bizjawlay tura bolurbuz | sizjawlay tura bolursuz | alajawlay tura bolurla |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of)he must keep on not bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlamay tura bolurma | senjawlamay tura bolursa | oljawlamay tura bolur | bizjawlamay tura bolurbuz | sizjawlamay tura bolursuz | alajawlamay tura bolurla |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of)no such form | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of)no such form | ||||||
| Inference (must have)he must have borne a grudge against someone | menjawlağan bolurma | senjawlağan bolursa | oljawlağan bolur | bizjawlağan bolurbuz | sizjawlağan bolursuz | alajawlağan bolurla |
| Inference (must have)he must not have borne a grudge against someone | menjawlamağan bolurma | senjawlamağan bolursa | oljawlamağan bolur | bizjawlamağan bolurbuz | sizjawlamağan bolursuz | alajawlamağan bolurla |
| Inference (must have)no such form | ||||||
| Inference (must have)no such form | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to)he must be going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq bolurma | senjawlarıq bolursa | oljawlarıq bolur | bizjawlarıq bolurbuz | sizjawlarıq bolursuz | alajawlarıq bolurla |
| Inference, future (must be going to)he must not be going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamazlıq bolurma | senjawlamazlıq bolursa | oljawlamazlıq bolur | bizjawlamazlıq bolurbuz | sizjawlamazlıq bolursuz | alajawlamazlıq bolurla |
| Inference, future (must be going to)no such form | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to)no such form |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestionslet him/her/it bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayım | senjawla! | oljawlasın | bizjawlayıq | sizjawlağız! | alajawlasınla |
| Commands & suggestionslet him/her/it not bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamayım | senjawlama! | oljawlamasın | bizjawlamayıq | sizjawlamağız! | alajawlamasınla |
| Commands & suggestionsshould he bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayımmı? | oljawlasınmı? | bizjawlayıqmı? | alajawlasınlamı? | ||
| Commands & suggestionsshould he not bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamayımmı? | oljawlamasınmı? | bizjawlamayıqmı? | alajawlamasınlamı? | ||
| Requestsdo let him/her/it bear a grudge against someone | senjawlaçı2 | oljawlasınçı | sizjawlaçığız | alajawlasınlaçı | ||
| Requestsdo let him/her/it not bear a grudge against someone | senjawlamaçı2 | oljawlamasınçı | sizjawlamaçığız | alajawlamasınlaçı | ||
| Requestsno such form | ||||||
| Requestsno such form | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you…may you bear a grudge against someone | senjawlağınjawlağı | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you…may you not bear a grudge against someone | senjawlamağınjawlamağı | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you…no such form | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you…no such form | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi)would that he bore a grudge against someone | menjawlağay edim jawlağa edim | senjawlağay eding jawlağa eding | oljawlağay edi jawlağa edi | bizjawlağay edik jawlağa edik | sizjawlağay edigiz jawlağa edigiz | alajawlağay edile jawlağa edile |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi)would that he did not bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamağay edim jawlamağa edim | senjawlamağay eding jawlamağa eding | oljawlamağay edi jawlamağa edi | bizjawlamağay edik jawlamağa edik | sizjawlamağay edigiz jawlamağa edigiz | alajawlamağay edile jawlamağa edile |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi)no such form | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi)no such form | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands)let him/her/it allow someone to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamağa qoyayımjawlama qoyayım | senjawlamağa qoy!jawlama qoy! | oljawlamağa qoysunjawlama qoysun | bizjawlamağa qoyayıqjawlama qoyayıq | sizjawlamağa qoyuğuz!jawlama qoyuğuz! | alajawlamağa qoysunlajawlama qoysunla |
| Let someone… (commands)let him/her/it not allow someone to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamağa qoymayımjawlama qoymayım | senjawlamağa qoyma!jawlama qoyma! | oljawlamağa qoymasınjawlama qoymasın | bizjawlamağa qoymayıqjawlama qoymayıq | sizjawlamağa qoymağız!jawlama qoymağız! | alajawlamağa qoymasınlajawlama qoymasınla |
| Let someone… (commands)should he allow someone to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamağa qoyayımmı?jawlama qoyayımmı? | oljawlamağa qoysunmu?jawlama qoysunmu? | bizjawlamağa qoyayıqmı?jawlama qoyayıqmı? | alajawlamağa qoysunlamı?jawlama qoysunlamı? | ||
| Let someone… (commands)should he not allow someone to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamağa qoymayımmı?jawlama qoymayımmı? | oljawlamağa qoymasınmı?jawlama qoymasınmı? | bizjawlamağa qoymayıqmı?jawlama qoymayıqmı? | alajawlamağa qoymasınlamı?jawlama qoymasınlamı? | ||
| Let someone… (present)he allows someone to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamağa qoyamajawlama qoyama | senjawlamağa qoyasajawlama qoyasa | oljawlamağa qoyadıjawlama qoyadı | bizjawlamağa qoyabızjawlama qoyabız | sizjawlamağa qoyasızjawlama qoyasız | alajawlamağa qoyadılajawlama qoyadıla |
| Let someone… (present)he doesn't allow someone to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamağa qoymaymajawlama qoymayma | senjawlamağa qoymaysajawlama qoymaysa | oljawlamağa qoymaydıjawlama qoymaydı | bizjawlamağa qoymaybızjawlama qoymaybız | sizjawlamağa qoymaysızjawlama qoymaysız | alajawlamağa qoymaydılajawlama qoymaydıla |
| Let someone… (present)does he allow someone to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamağa qoyamıma?jawlama qoyamıma? | senjawlamağa qoyamısa?jawlama qoyamısa? | oljawlamağa qoyamıdı?jawlama qoyamıdı? | bizjawlamağa qoyamıbız?jawlama qoyamıbız? | sizjawlamağa qoyamısız?jawlama qoyamısız? | alajawlamağa qoyamıdıla?jawlama qoyamıdıla? |
| Let someone… (present)doesn't he allow someone to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamağa qoymaymıma?jawlama qoymaymıma? | senjawlamağa qoymaymısa?jawlama qoymaymısa? | oljawlamağa qoymaymıdı?jawlama qoymaymıdı? | bizjawlamağa qoymaymıbız?jawlama qoymaymıbız? | sizjawlamağa qoymaymısız?jawlama qoymaymısız? | alajawlamağa qoymaymıdıla?jawlama qoymaymıdıla? |
| Let someone… (past)he allowed someone to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamağa qoydumjawlama qoydum | senjawlamağa qoydungjawlama qoydung | oljawlamağa qoydujawlama qoydu | bizjawlamağa qoyduqjawlama qoyduq | sizjawlamağa qoyduğuzjawlama qoyduğuz | alajawlamağa qoydulajawlama qoydula |
| Let someone… (past)he didn't allow someone to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamağa qoymadımjawlama qoymadım | senjawlamağa qoymadıngjawlama qoymadıng | oljawlamağa qoymadıjawlama qoymadı | bizjawlamağa qoymadıqjawlama qoymadıq | sizjawlamağa qoymadığızjawlama qoymadığız | alajawlamağa qoymadılajawlama qoymadıla |
| Let someone… (past)did he allow someone to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamağa qoydummu?jawlama qoydummu? | senjawlamağa qoydungmu?jawlama qoydungmu? | oljawlamağa qoydumu?jawlama qoydumu? | bizjawlamağa qoyduqmu?jawlama qoyduqmu? | sizjawlamağa qoyduğuzmu?jawlama qoyduğuzmu? | alajawlamağa qoydulamı?jawlama qoydulamı? |
| Let someone… (past)didn't he allow someone to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlamağa qoymadımmı?jawlama qoymadımmı? | senjawlamağa qoymadıngmı?jawlama qoymadıngmı? | oljawlamağa qoymadımı?jawlama qoymadımı? | bizjawlamağa qoymadıqmı?jawlama qoymadıqmı? | sizjawlamağa qoymadığızmı?jawlama qoymadığızmı? | alajawlamağa qoymadılamı?jawlama qoymadılamı? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — presenthe can bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalama | senjawlayalasa | oljawlayaladı | bizjawlayalabız | sizjawlayalasız | alajawlayaladıla |
| Ability — presenthe can't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalmayma | senjawlayalmaysa | oljawlayalmaydı | bizjawlayalmaybız | sizjawlayalmaysız | alajawlayalmaydıla |
| Ability — presentcan he bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayalamıma? jawlayalamamı? | senjawlayalamısa? | oljawlayalamıdı? | bizjawlayalamıbız? jawlayalabızmı? | sizjawlayalamısız? | alajawlayalamıdıla? |
| Ability — presentcan't he bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayalmaymıma? jawlayalmaymamı? | senjawlayalmaymısa? | oljawlayalmaymıdı? | bizjawlayalmaymıbız? jawlayalmaybızmı? | sizjawlayalmaymısız? | alajawlayalmaymıdıla? |
| Ability — if I can…if he can bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalsam | senjawlayalsang | oljawlayalsa | bizjawlayalsaq | sizjawlayalsağız | alajawlayalsala |
| Ability — if I can…if he can't bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalmasam | senjawlayalmasang | oljawlayalmasa | bizjawlayalmasaq | sizjawlayalmasağız | alajawlayalmasala |
| Ability — if I can…no such form | ||||||
| Ability — if I can…no such form | ||||||
| Ability — simple pasthe was able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayaldım | senjawlayaldıng | oljawlayaldı | bizjawlayaldıq | sizjawlayaldığız | alajawlayaldıla |
| Ability — simple pasthe could not bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalmadım | senjawlayalmadıng | oljawlayalmadı | bizjawlayalmadıq | sizjawlayalmadığız | alajawlayalmadıla |
| Ability — simple pastwas he able to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayaldımmı? | senjawlayaldıngmı? | oljawlayaldımı? | bizjawlayaldıqmı? | sizjawlayaldığızmı? | alajawlayaldılamı? |
| Ability — simple pastcouldn't he bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayalmadımmı? | senjawlayalmadıngmı? | oljawlayalmadımı? | bizjawlayalmadıqmı? | sizjawlayalmadığızmı? | alajawlayalmadılamı? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan pasthe has been able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalğanma | senjawlayalğansa | oljawlayalğandı | bizjawlayalğanbız | sizjawlayalğansız | alajawlayalğandıla |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan pasthe hasn't been able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalmağanma | senjawlayalmağansa | oljawlayalmağandı | bizjawlayalmağanbız | sizjawlayalmağansız | alajawlayalmağandıla |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan pasthas he been able to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayalğanmıma? jawlayalğanmamı? | senjawlayalğanmısa? | oljawlayalğanmıdı? | bizjawlayalğanmıbız? jawlayalğanbızmı? | sizjawlayalğanmısız? | alajawlayalğanmıdıla? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan pasthasn't he been able to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayalmağanmıma? jawlayalmağanmamı? | senjawlayalmağanmısa? | oljawlayalmağanmıdı? | bizjawlayalmağanmıbız? jawlayalmağanbızmı? | sizjawlayalmağanmısız? | alajawlayalmağanmıdıla? |
| Ability — past perfecthe had been able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalğan edimjawlayalğanem | senjawlayalğan edingjawlayalğaneng | oljawlayalğan edijawlayalğaned | bizjawlayalğan edikjawlayalğanek | sizjawlayalğan edigizjawlayalğanegiz | alajawlayalğan edilejawlayalğanelle |
| Ability — past perfecthe hadn't been able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalmağan edimjawlayalmağanem | senjawlayalmağan edingjawlayalmağaneng | oljawlayalmağan edijawlayalmağaned | bizjawlayalmağan edikjawlayalmağanek | sizjawlayalmağan edigizjawlayalmağanegiz | alajawlayalmağan edilejawlayalmağanelle |
| Ability — past perfectno such form | ||||||
| Ability — past perfectno such form | ||||||
| Ability — past backgroundhe could bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayala edimjawlayalaem | senjawlayala edingjawlayalaeng | oljawlayala edijawlayalaed | bizjawlayala edikjawlayalaek | sizjawlayala edigizjawlayalaegiz | alajawlayala edilejawlayalaelle |
| Ability — past backgroundhe could not bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalmay edimjawlayalmayem | senjawlayalmay edingjawlayalmayeng | oljawlayalmay edijawlayalmayed | bizjawlayalmay edikjawlayalmayek | sizjawlayalmay edigizjawlayalmayegiz | alajawlayalmay edilejawlayalmayelle |
| Ability — past backgroundno such form | ||||||
| Ability — past backgroundno such form | ||||||
| Ability — future Ihe will be able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalırma | senjawlayalırsa | oljawlayalır | bizjawlayalırbız | sizjawlayalırsız | alajawlayalırla |
| Ability — future Ihe won't be able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalmazma | senjawlayalmazsa | oljawlayalmaz | bizjawlayalmazbız | sizjawlayalmazsız | alajawlayalmazla |
| Ability — future Iwill he be able to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayalırmıma? jawlayalırmamı? | senjawlayalırmısa? | oljawlayalırmı? | bizjawlayalırmıbız? jawlayalırbızmı? | sizjawlayalırmısız? | alajawlayalırmıla? |
| Ability — future Iwon't he be able to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayalmazmıma? jawlayalmazmamı? | senjawlayalmazmısa? | oljawlayalmazmı? | bizjawlayalmazmıbız? jawlayalmazbızmı? | sizjawlayalmazmısız? | alajawlayalmazmıla? |
| Ability — future IIhe is going to be able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayallıqma | senjawlayallıqsa | oljawlayallıqdı | bizjawlayallıqbız | sizjawlayallıqsız | alajawlayallıqdıla |
| Ability — future IIhe is not going to be able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayallıq tülme | senjawlayallıq tülse | oljawlayallıq tüldü | bizjawlayallıq tülbüz | sizjawlayallıq tülsüz | alajawlayallıq tüldüle |
| Ability — future IIis he going to be able to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayallıqmıma? jawlayallıqmamı? | senjawlayallıqmısa? | oljawlayallıqmıdı? | bizjawlayallıqmıbız? jawlayallıqbızmı? | sizjawlayallıqmısız? | alajawlayallıqmıdıla? |
| Ability — future IIisn't he going to be able to bear a grudge against someone? | menjawlayallıq tülmüme? | senjawlayallıq tülmüse? | oljawlayallıq tülmüdü? | bizjawlayallıq tülmübüz? | sizjawlayallıq tülmüsüz? | alajawlayallıq tülmüdüle? |
| Ability — would be able to…he would be able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalır edimjawlayalır em | senjawlayalır edingjawlayalır eng | oljawlayalır edijawlayalır ed | bizjawlayalır edikjawlayalır ek | sizjawlayalır edigizjawlayalır egiz | alajawlayalır edilejawlayalır elle |
| Ability — would be able to…he wouldn't be able to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlayalmaz edimjawlayalmaz em | senjawlayalmaz edingjawlayalmaz eng | oljawlayalmaz edijawlayalmaz ed | bizjawlayalmaz edikjawlayalmaz ek | sizjawlayalmaz edigizjawlayalmaz egiz | alajawlayalmaz edilejawlayalmaz elle |
| Ability — would be able to…no such form | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to…no such form | ||||||
| Second-person optative — abilitymay you be able to bear a grudge against someone | senjawlayalğınjawlayalğı | |||||
| Second-person optative — abilitymay you not be able to bear a grudge against someone | senjawlayalmağınjawlayalmağı | |||||
| Second-person optative — abilityno such form | ||||||
| Second-person optative — abilityno such form |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negatedhe can't be bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay bolmazma | senjawlay bolmazsa | oljawlay bolmaz | bizjawlay bolmazbız | sizjawlay bolmazsız | alajawlay bolmazla |
| Inference, present — double negationhe must be bearing a grudge against someone (emphatic) | menjawlamay bolmazma | senjawlamay bolmazsa | oljawlamay bolmaz | bizjawlamay bolmazbız | sizjawlamay bolmazsız | alajawlamay bolmazla |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negatedhe can't be in the middle of bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlay tura bolmazma | senjawlay tura bolmazsa | oljawlay tura bolmaz | bizjawlay tura bolmazbız | sizjawlay tura bolmazsız | alajawlay tura bolmazla |
| Inference, progressive — double negationhe must keep on not bearing a grudge against someone (emphatic) | menjawlamay tura bolmazma | senjawlamay tura bolmazsa | oljawlamay tura bolmaz | bizjawlamay tura bolmazbız | sizjawlamay tura bolmazsız | alajawlamay tura bolmazla |
| Progressive — verb negatedhe keeps on not bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlamay turama | senjawlamay turasa | oljawlamay turadı | bizjawlamay turabız | sizjawlamay turasız | alajawlamay turadıla |
| Progressive — double negationhe is not keeping on not bearing a grudge against someone | menjawlamay turmayma | senjawlamay turmaysa | oljawlamay turmaydı | bizjawlamay turmaybız | sizjawlamay turmaysız | alajawlamay turmaydıla |
| Progressive — double negationisn't he keeping on not bearing a grudge against someone? | menjawlamay turmaymıma | senjawlamay turmaymısa | oljawlamay turmaymıdı | bizjawlamay turmaymıbız | sizjawlamay turmaymısız | alajawlamay turmaymıdıla |
| Inference — auxiliary negatedhe can't have borne a grudge against someone | menjawlağan bolmazma | senjawlağan bolmazsa | oljawlağan bolmaz | bizjawlağan bolmazbız | sizjawlağan bolmazsız | alajawlağan bolmazla |
| Inference — double negationhe must have borne a grudge against someone (emphatic) | menjawlamağan bolmazma | senjawlamağan bolmazsa | oljawlamağan bolmaz | bizjawlamağan bolmazbız | sizjawlamağan bolmazsız | alajawlamağan bolmazla |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negatedif it weren't that he had borne a grudge against someone | menjawlağan bolmasam | senjawlağan bolmasang | oljawlağan bolmasa | bizjawlağan bolmasaq | sizjawlağan bolmasağız | alajawlağan bolmasala |
| Counterfactual — double negationif it weren't that he hadn't borne a grudge against someone | menjawlamağan bolmasam | senjawlamağan bolmasang | oljawlamağan bolmasa | bizjawlamağan bolmasaq | sizjawlamağan bolmasağız | alajawlamağan bolmasala |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negatedhe can't be going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq bolmazma | senjawlarıq bolmazsa | oljawlarıq bolmaz | bizjawlarıq bolmazbız | sizjawlarıq bolmazsız | alajawlarıq bolmazla |
| Inference, future — double negationhe must be going to bear a grudge against someone (emphatic) | menjawlamazlıq bolmazma | senjawlamazlıq bolmazsa | oljawlamazlıq bolmaz | bizjawlamazlıq bolmazbız | sizjawlamazlıq bolmazsız | alajawlamazlıq bolmazla |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negatedif it weren't that he were going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlarıq bolmasam | senjawlarıq bolmasang | oljawlarıq bolmasa | bizjawlarıq bolmasaq | sizjawlarıq bolmasağız | alajawlarıq bolmasala |
| Counterfactual future — double negationif it weren't that he were not going to bear a grudge against someone | menjawlamazlıq bolmasam | senjawlamazlıq bolmasang | oljawlamazlıq bolmasa | bizjawlamazlıq bolmasaq | sizjawlamazlıq bolmasağız | alajawlamazlıq bolmasala |