jarıq
/dʒarɯq/ · plural jarıqla
Balkar spelling: zharıq
1. bright, luminous, shining — Said of a source of light: the sun, the moon, a star, a lamp.
- jarıq julduz — a bright star
- jarıq ay — a bright moon
- jarıq çıraq — a bright lamp
- jarıq otdan közleri qamadı — his eyes were dazzled by the bright fire
- jarıq kün tawla köründüle — on a bright day the mountains became visible
2. light, well-lit — Said of a room, a house or a night that is full of light.
- jarıq otow — a light room
- mından ese anda jarıqdı — it is lighter there than here
- üyübüznü içi bek jarıqdı — the inside of our house is very light
3. light, illumination, radiance, brightness
- künnü jarığı — the light of the sun
- terezeden jarıq uradı — light falls through the window
- taŋ jarığı köründü — the light of dawn appeared
- üyde jarıq söndü — the light went out in the house
- julduzlanı jarığı joldan taydırmaz — the light of the stars won't lead one off the road
4. cheerful, glad, joyous
- jarıq adam — a cheerful person
- anı kölü jarıqdı — his heart is glad
- jarıq jaşaw — a joyous life
- jarıq bet bla salam berdi — he greeted them with a cheerful face
- toyda jarıq jırla jırlandıla — cheerful songs were sung at the wedding
- kölü jarıq adam qıyınlıqdan qorqmaz — a person with a cheerful heart does not fear hardship
5. vivid in color, bright, light (of a color or paint)
- jarıq jaşil — light green
- jarıq boyawla — vivid paints
- jarıq boyawla bla boyalğandıla — they were painted with vivid paints
- jarıq tışlı kitabnı oquydu — reads a book with a bright cover
- jarıq qumaç — a light-colored fabric
- jarıq betli kölek — a vividly colored shirt
- bu boyaw bek jarıqdı — this paint is very vivid
6. brightly
- ot jarıq janadı — the fire burns brightly
- çıraqla jarıq janadıla — the lamps burn brightly
- otunla jarıq jana edile — the firewood was burning brightly
- lampa jarıq janadı — the lamp burns brightly
- julduzla jarıq jıltıraydıla — the stars are shining brightly
7. cheerfully, joyfully
- bizni bla jarıq salamlaşadı — greets us cheerfully
- bizge bek jarıq tübeydile — they receive us very cheerfully
- boş zamanıŋı jarıq aşır — spend your free time cheerfully
- duniyasın jarıq ötdürgendi — has spent his life cheerfully
- jarıq salamlaşdı — greeted cheerfully
- bizge jarıq tübedile — they received us cheerfully
- jarıq söleşebiz — we speak cheerfully
8. lit place, illuminated space
- dorbundan jarıqğa çıqdıq — we came out of the cave into the light
- jarıqdan qaraŋığa kirdi — he went from the light into the dark
- sabiyle jarıqda oynaydıla — the children are playing where it is light
- jarıqda oltururğa süeme — I like to sit in the light
9. joy, gladness, joyful thing
- anı ömürü jarıq körmey ötgendi — his life passed without seeing joy
- bir jarıq körmey — without seeing any joy
- üyge jarıq keldi — joy came to the house
- jarığıbız köb bolsun — may our joy be great
10. sublime, noble, wonderful, excellent
- jarıq murat — a noble aspiration
- jarıq sezim — a sublime feeling
- seni jarıq muratıŋ — your noble aspiration
- jarıq işle etgendi — he has done noble deeds
- jarıq muratla bla jaşaybız — we live with noble aspirations
11. significant, important, notable one source
- bu jarıq iş edi — this was a significant deed
- jarıq jetişimle boldula — there were notable achievements
- jarıq ızın qoyğandı — he has left a notable mark
12. transparent, very clear — Said of water and of glass.
- suw bek jarıqdı — the water is very clear
- jarıq miyala — transparent glass
- jarıq suwda balıqla körünedile — fish are visible in the clear water
13. resonant, ringing — Said of a voice or a sound.
- jarıq awaz — a ringing voice
- jarıq tawuş — a resonant sound
- anı awazı jarıqdı — his voice is resonant
- jarıq awaz bla jırlaydı — she sings with a ringing voice
14. hospitable, welcoming
- qonaqğa jarıq — hospitable to guests
- jarıq tübeşiw — a welcoming meeting
- jarıq tübew — a welcoming reception
- qonaqğa jarıq adam — a person who is hospitable to guests
- qonaqbayıbız bek jarıqdı — our host is very welcoming
15. bustling, crowded — Said of a street or another public place.
- jarıq oram — a bustling street
- bazar bügün jarıqdı — the market is crowded today
- bayramda oramla jarıq edile — on the holiday the streets were bustling
16. distinct, clear — Said of pronunciation and of speech. one source
- jarıq söleşiw — distinct speech
- anı aytıwu jarıqdı — his pronunciation is distinct
- ustaznı sözü jarıqdı — the teacher's speech is distinct
17. distinctly one source
- sözleni jarıq aytadı — he pronounces the words distinctly
- men anı jarıq eşitdim — I heard it distinctly
- ustaz jarıq söleşedi — the teacher speaks distinctly
Expressions
- duniya jarığı — one's dearest; happy life
- duniya jarığın alğa körgen — firstborn
- duniya jarığın körürge — have eyesight; live happily
- jarıq bolurğa — greet warmly
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | jarıqmaI am bright | jarıqsayou are bright | jarıqdıhe is bright | jarıqbızwe are bright | jarıqsızyou all are bright | jarıqdılathey are bright |
| comparative — more | jarığıraqmaI am brighter | jarığıraqsayou are brighter | jarığıraqdıhe is brighter | jarığıraqbızwe are brighter | jarığıraqsızyou all are brighter | jarığıraqdılathey are brighter |
| intensifier — very | bek jarıqmaI am very bright | bek jarıqsayou are very bright | bek jarıqdıhe is very bright | bek jarıqbızwe are very bright | bek jarıqsızyou all are very bright | bek jarıqdılathey are very bright |
| superlative — most | em jarıqmaI am the brightest | em jarıqsayou are the brightest | em jarıqdıhe is the brightest | em jarıqbızwe are the brightest | em jarıqsızyou all are the brightest | em jarıqdılathey are the brightest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden jarıqdı — "compared to me, he is bright."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki jarıqdımine is bright | seniki jarıqdıyours is bright | anıqı jarıqdıhis is bright | bizniki jarıqdıours is bright | sizniki jarıqdıyours (pl.) is bright | alanıqı jarıqdıtheirs is bright |
| comparative — more | meniki jarığıraqdımine is brighter | seniki jarığıraqdıyours is brighter | anıqı jarığıraqdıhis is brighter | bizniki jarığıraqdıours is brighter | sizniki jarığıraqdıyours (pl.) is brighter | alanıqı jarığıraqdıtheirs is brighter |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek jarıqdımine is very bright | seniki bek jarıqdıyours is very bright | anıqı bek jarıqdıhis is very bright | bizniki bek jarıqdıours is very bright | sizniki bek jarıqdıyours (pl.) is very bright | alanıqı bek jarıqdıtheirs is very bright |
| superlative — most | meniki em jarıqdımine is the brightest | seniki em jarıqdıyours is the brightest | anıqı em jarıqdıhis is the brightest | bizniki em jarıqdıours is the brightest | sizniki em jarıqdıyours (pl.) is the brightest | alanıqı em jarıqdıtheirs is the brightest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile jarıqdılamine are bright | senikile jarıqdılayours are bright | anıqıla jarıqdılahis are bright | biznikile jarıqdılaours are bright | siznikile jarıqdılayours (pl.) are bright | alanıqıla jarıqdılatheirs are bright |
| comparative — more | menikile jarığıraqdılamine are brighter | senikile jarığıraqdılayours are brighter | anıqıla jarığıraqdılahis are brighter | biznikile jarığıraqdılaours are brighter | siznikile jarığıraqdılayours (pl.) are brighter | alanıqıla jarığıraqdılatheirs are brighter |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek jarıqdılamine are very bright | senikile bek jarıqdılayours are very bright | anıqıla bek jarıqdılahis are very bright | biznikile bek jarıqdılaours are very bright | siznikile bek jarıqdılayours (pl.) are very bright | alanıqıla bek jarıqdılatheirs are very bright |
| superlative — most | menikile em jarıqdılamine are the brightest | senikile em jarıqdılayours are the brightest | anıqıla em jarıqdılahis are the brightest | biznikile em jarıqdılaours are the brightest | siznikile em jarıqdılayours (pl.) are the brightest | alanıqıla em jarıqdılatheirs are the brightest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu jarıqdı, bıla jarıqdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jarıqthe illumination | jarığımmy illumination | jarığıŋyour illumination | jarığıhis illumination | jarığıbızour illumination | jarığığızyou all's illumination | jarıqlarıtheir illuminations |
| Genitive | jarıqnıthe illumination's | jarığımımy illumination's | jarığıŋıyour illumination's | jarığınıhis illumination's | jarığıbıznıour illumination's | jarığığıznıyou all's illumination's | jarıqlarınıtheir illuminations' |
| Accusative | jarıqnıthe illumination (as the object) | jarığımımy illumination (as the object) | jarığıŋıyour illumination (as the object) | jarığınhis illumination (as the object) | jarığıbıznıour illumination (as the object) | jarığığıznıyou all's illumination (as the object) | jarıqlarıntheir illuminations (as the object) |
| Dative | jarıqğato the illumination | jarığımato my illumination | jarığıŋato your illumination | jarığınato his illumination | jarığıbızğato our illumination | jarığığızğato you all's illumination | jarıqlarınato their illuminations |
| Locative | jarıqdain / at the illumination | jarığımdain / at my illumination | jarığıŋdain / at your illumination | jarığındain / at his illumination | jarığıbızdain / at our illumination | jarığığızdain / at you all's illumination | jarıqlarındain / at their illuminations |
| Ablative | jarıqdanfrom the illumination | jarığımdanfrom my illumination | jarığıŋdanfrom your illumination | jarığındanfrom his illumination | jarığıbızdanfrom our illumination | jarığığızdanfrom you all's illumination | jarıqlarındanfrom their illuminations |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jarıqlathe illuminations | jarıqlarımmy illuminations | jarıqlarıŋyour illuminations | jarıqlarıhis illuminations | jarıqlarıbızour illuminations | jarıqlarığızyou all's illuminations | jarıqlarıtheir illuminations |
| Genitive | jarıqlanıthe illuminations' | jarıqlarımımy illuminations' | jarıqlarıŋıyour illuminations' | jarıqlarınıhis illuminations' | jarıqlarıbıznıour illuminations' | jarıqlarığıznıyou all's illuminations' | jarıqlarınıtheir illuminations' |
| Accusative | jarıqlanıthe illuminations (as the object) | jarıqlarımımy illuminations (as the object) | jarıqlarıŋıyour illuminations (as the object) | jarıqlarınhis illuminations (as the object) | jarıqlarıbıznıour illuminations (as the object) | jarıqlarığıznıyou all's illuminations (as the object) | jarıqlarıntheir illuminations (as the object) |
| Dative | jarıqlağato the illuminations | jarıqlarımato my illuminations | jarıqlarıŋato your illuminations | jarıqlarınato his illuminations | jarıqlarıbızğato our illuminations | jarıqlarığızğato you all's illuminations | jarıqlarınato their illuminations |
| Locative | jarıqladain / at the illuminations | jarıqlarımdain / at my illuminations | jarıqlarıŋdain / at your illuminations | jarıqlarındain / at his illuminations | jarıqlarıbızdain / at our illuminations | jarıqlarığızdain / at you all's illuminations | jarıqlarındain / at their illuminations |
| Ablative | jarıqladanfrom the illuminations | jarıqlarımdanfrom my illuminations | jarıqlarıŋdanfrom your illuminations | jarıqlarındanfrom his illuminations | jarıqlarıbızdanfrom our illuminations | jarıqlarığızdanfrom you all's illuminations | jarıqlarındanfrom their illuminations |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jarıqları can mean "his / her illuminations", "their illumination", or "their illuminations" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.