jar
/dʒar/
Definition
a place where the ground breaks off in a steep face, a cliff
- jar qıyırında — at the edge of the cliff
- suwnu jağasında biyik jar — a high bluff on the river bank
- jarğa juwuq barma — do not go near the precipice
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jarthe cliff | jarlathe cliffs | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | jarnıthe cliff's | jarlanıthe cliffs' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | jarnıthe cliff (as the object) | jarlanıthe cliffs (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | jarğato the cliff | jarlağato the cliffs | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | jardaat / in the cliff | jarladaat / in the cliffs | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | jardanfrom the cliff | jarladanfrom the cliffs | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | jarımmy cliff | jarlarımmy cliffs |
| your | jarıngyour cliff | jarlarıngyour cliffs |
| his / her | jarıhis / her cliff | jarlarıhis / her cliffs |
| our | jarıbızour cliff | jarlarıbızour cliffs |
| you all's | jarığızyou all's cliff | jarlarığızyou all's cliffs |
| their | jarlarıtheir cliff | jarlarıtheir cliffs |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jarları can mean "his / her cliffs", "their cliff", or "their cliffs" — context decides.