jalarğa
/dʒalarʁa/
1. lick, lick at, lick clean, lap up — Also said of an animal lapping up food or drink, and of a flame or a wave licking at something.
- jalab boşarğa — to lick clean
- süt başnı jala — lick the cream
- it suwnu jalaydı — the dog laps the water
- qazannı jalab boşadı — it licked the pot clean
- itni erkeletseŋ qoluŋu jalar — pet the dog and it will lick your hand
- erniŋi-burnuŋu jalarğa — to lick your lips
- tuz jalağan suw içer — whoever licks salt will drink water
2. lick at, play over (of flames, waves) one source
- ot qabırğanı jalaydı — the fire licks at the wall
- tolqun taşlanı jalaydı — the wave licks the stones
- tolqunla jalay edile qumun, taşın — the waves were licking its sand, its stones
3. fawn on, curry favor with, ingratiate oneself with, flatter — birewnü oltanın jalarğa means fawn on someone (literally, lick someone's sole).
- birewnü oltanın jalarğa — to lick someone's sole
- hazırdıla oltanların jalarğa — they are ready to lick their soles
- jalab aylanadı — he goes about currying favor
- jalab kün körgen — one who lives by fawning
4. take bribes one source
- ol jalaydı — he takes bribes
- jalarğa ürenŋendi — he has gotten used to taking bribes
- jalab bayınŋan — one who has grown rich on bribes
- jalar jerge tüşgenli — since he landed a lucrative post
Expressions
- jalarığı bolğan — well-off, useful
- ayaq tübün jalarğa — fawn on someone
- bal tuthan barmağın jalaydı — perks of the job
- birew qushannı jalarğa — marry another's castoff
Conjugation
Common forms
- jalaydıhe is licking
- jaladıhe licked
- jalağandıhe has licked
- jalarhe will lick
- jalarıqdıhe is going to lick
- jalay edihe was licking
- jalasaif he licks
- jala!lick!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjalaymaI am licking | senjalaysayou are licking | oljalaydıhe is licking | bizjalaybızwe are licking | sizjalaysızyou all are licking | alajalaydılathey are licking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjalamaymaI am not licking | senjalamaysayou are not licking | oljalamaydıhe is not licking | bizjalamaybızwe are not licking | sizjalamaysızyou all are not licking | alajalamaydılathey are not licking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjalaymamı? jalaymıma?am I licking? | senjalaymısa?are you licking? | oljalaymıdı?is he licking? | bizjalaybızmı? jalaymıbız?are we licking? | sizjalaymısız?are you all licking? | alajalaymıdıla?are they licking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjalamaymamı? jalamaymıma?aren't I licking? | senjalamaymısa?aren't you licking? | oljalamaymıdı?isn't he licking? | bizjalamaybızmı? jalamaymıbız?aren't we licking? | sizjalamaymısız?aren't you all licking? | alajalamaymıdıla?aren't they licking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjalawçanmaI usually lick | senjalawçansayou usually lick | oljalawçandıhe usually licks | bizjalawçanbızwe usually lick | sizjalawçansızyou all usually lick | alajalawçandılathey usually lick |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjalamawçanmaI usually don't lick | senjalamawçansayou usually don't lick | oljalamawçandıhe usually doesn't lick | bizjalamawçanbızwe usually don't lick | sizjalamawçansızyou all usually don't lick | alajalamawçandılathey usually don't lick |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjalawçanmamı? jalawçanmıma?do I usually lick? | senjalawçanmısa?do you usually lick? | oljalawçanmıdı?does he usually lick? | bizjalawçanbızmı? jalawçanmıbız?do we usually lick? | sizjalawçanmısız?do you all usually lick? | alajalawçanmıdıla?do they usually lick? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjalamawçanmamı? jalamawçanmıma?do I usually not lick? | senjalamawçanmısa?do you usually not lick? | oljalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not lick? | bizjalamawçanbızmı? jalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not lick? | sizjalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not lick? | alajalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not lick? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljalabdıhe has licked and remains so | alajalabdılathey have licked and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljalabmıdı?has he licked? | alajalabmıdıla?have they licked? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjalab turamaI keep licking | senjalab turasayou keep licking | oljalab turadıhe keeps licking | bizjalab turabızwe keep licking | sizjalab turasızyou all keep licking | alajalab turadılathey keep licking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjalab turmaymaI don't keep licking | senjalab turmaysayou don't keep licking | oljalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep licking | bizjalab turmaybızwe don't keep licking | sizjalab turmaysızyou all don't keep licking | alajalab turmaydılathey don't keep licking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjalab turamamı? jalab turamıma?do I keep licking? | senjalab turamısa?do you keep licking? | oljalab turamıdı?does he keep licking? | bizjalab turabızmı? jalab turamıbız?do we keep licking? | sizjalab turamısız?do you all keep licking? | alajalab turamıdıla?do they keep licking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjalab turmaymamı? jalab turmaymıma?don't I keep licking? | senjalab turmaymısa?don't you keep licking? | oljalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep licking? | bizjalab turmaybızmı? jalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep licking? | sizjalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep licking? | alajalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep licking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjalay turamaI am in the middle of licking | senjalay turasayou are in the middle of licking | oljalay turadıhe is in the middle of licking | bizjalay turabızwe are in the middle of licking | sizjalay turasızyou all are in the middle of licking | alajalay turadılathey are in the middle of licking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of licking | senjalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of licking | oljalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of licking | bizjalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of licking | sizjalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of licking | alajalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of licking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjalay turamamı? jalay turamıma?am I in the middle of licking? | senjalay turamısa?are you in the middle of licking? | oljalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of licking? | bizjalay turabızmı? jalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of licking? | sizjalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of licking? | alajalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of licking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjalay turmaymamı? jalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of licking? | senjalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of licking? | oljalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of licking? | bizjalay turmaybızmı? jalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of licking? | sizjalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of licking? | alajalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of licking? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaladımI licked | senjaladıŋyou licked | oljaladıhe licked | bizjaladıqwe licked | sizjaladığızyou all licked | alajaladılathey licked |
| Simple past (definite) | menjalamadımI didn't lick | senjalamadıŋyou didn't lick | oljalamadıhe didn't lick | bizjalamadıqwe didn't lick | sizjalamadığızyou all didn't lick | alajalamadılathey didn't lick |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaladımmı?did I lick? | senjaladıŋmı?did you lick? | oljaladımı?did he lick? | bizjaladıqmı?did we lick? | sizjaladığızmı?did you all lick? | alajaladılamı?did they lick? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjalamadımmı?didn't I lick? | senjalamadıŋmı?didn't you lick? | oljalamadımı?didn't he lick? | bizjalamadıqmı?didn't we lick? | sizjalamadığızmı?didn't you all lick? | alajalamadılamı?didn't they lick? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjalağanmaI have licked | senjalağansayou have licked | oljalağandıhe has licked | bizjalağanbızwe have licked | sizjalağansızyou all have licked | alajalağandılathey have licked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjalamağanmaI haven't licked | senjalamağansayou haven't licked | oljalamağandıhe hasn't licked | bizjalamağanbızwe haven't licked | sizjalamağansızyou all haven't licked | alajalamağandılathey haven't licked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjalağanmamı? jalağanmıma?have I licked? | senjalağanmısa?have you licked? | oljalağanmıdı?has he licked? | bizjalağanbızmı? jalağanmıbız?have we licked? | sizjalağanmısız?have you all licked? | alajalağanmıdıla?have they licked? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjalamağanmamı? jalamağanmıma?haven't I licked? | senjalamağanmısa?haven't you licked? | oljalamağanmıdı?hasn't he licked? | bizjalamağanbızmı? jalamağanmıbız?haven't we licked? | sizjalamağanmısız?haven't you all licked? | alajalamağanmıdıla?haven't they licked? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjalab turdumI kept licking | senjalab turduŋyou kept licking | oljalab turduhe kept licking | bizjalab turduqwe kept licking | sizjalab turduğuzyou all kept licking | alajalab turdulathey kept licking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjalab turmadımI didn't keep licking | senjalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep licking | oljalab turmadıhe didn't keep licking | bizjalab turmadıqwe didn't keep licking | sizjalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep licking | alajalab turmadılathey didn't keep licking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjalarmaI will lick | senjalarsayou will lick | oljalarhe will lick | bizjalarbızwe will lick | sizjalarsızyou all will lick | alajalarlathey will lick |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjalamazmaI won't lick | senjalamazsayou won't lick | oljalamazhe won't lick | bizjalamazbızwe won't lick | sizjalamazsızyou all won't lick | alajalamazlathey won't lick |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjalarmamı? jalarmıma?will I lick? | senjalarmısa?will you lick? | oljalarmı?will he lick? | bizjalarbızmı? jalarmıbız?will we lick? | sizjalarmısız?will you all lick? | alajalarlamı? jalarmıla?will they lick? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjalamazmamı? jalamazmıma?won't I lick? | senjalamazmısa?won't you lick? | oljalamazmı?won't he lick? | bizjalamazbızmı? jalamazmıbız?won't we lick? | sizjalamazmısız?won't you all lick? | alajalamazlamı? jalamazmıla?won't they lick? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjalarıqmaI am going to lick | senjalarıqsayou are going to lick | oljalarıqdıhe is going to lick | bizjalarıqbızwe are going to lick | sizjalarıqsızyou all are going to lick | alajalarıqdılathey are going to lick |
| Definite future (future II) | menjalarıq tülmeI am not going to lick | senjalarıq tülseyou are not going to lick | oljalarıq tüldühe is not going to lick | bizjalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to lick | sizjalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to lick | alajalarıq tüldülethey are not going to lick |
| Definite future (future II) | menjalarıqmamı? jalarıqmıma?am I going to lick? | senjalarıqmısa?are you going to lick? | oljalarıqmıdı?is he going to lick? | bizjalarıqbızmı? jalarıqmıbız?are we going to lick? | sizjalarıqmısız?are you all going to lick? | alajalarıqmıdıla?are they going to lick? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to lick? | senjalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to lick? | oljalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to lick? | bizjalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to lick? | sizjalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to lick? | alajalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to lick? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjalağan edimjalağanemI had licked | senjalağan ediŋjalağaneŋyou had licked | oljalağan edijalağanedhe had licked | bizjalağan edikjalağanekwe had licked | sizjalağan edigizjalağanegizyou all had licked | alajalağan edilejalağanellethey had licked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjalamağan edimjalamağanemI hadn't licked | senjalamağan ediŋjalamağaneŋyou hadn't licked | oljalamağan edijalamağanedhe hadn't licked | bizjalamağan edikjalamağanekwe hadn't licked | sizjalamağan edigizjalamağanegizyou all hadn't licked | alajalamağan edilejalamağanellethey hadn't licked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjalay edimjalayemI was licking | senjalay ediŋjalayeŋyou were licking | oljalay edijalayedhe was licking | bizjalay edikjalayekwe were licking | sizjalay edigizjalayegizyou all were licking | alajalay edilejalayellethey were licking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjalamay edimjalamayemI wasn't licking | senjalamay ediŋjalamayeŋyou weren't licking | oljalamay edijalamayedhe wasn't licking | bizjalamay edikjalamayekwe weren't licking | sizjalamay edigizjalamayegizyou all weren't licking | alajalamay edilejalamayellethey weren't licking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjalawçan edimjalawçanemI used to lick | senjalawçan ediŋjalawçaneŋyou used to lick | oljalawçan edijalawçanedhe used to lick | bizjalawçan edikjalawçanekwe used to lick | sizjalawçan edigizjalawçanegizyou all used to lick | alajalawçan edilejalawçanellethey used to lick |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjalamawçan edimjalamawçanemI didn't use to lick | senjalamawçan ediŋjalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to lick | oljalamawçan edijalamawçanedhe didn't use to lick | bizjalamawçan edikjalamawçanekwe didn't use to lick | sizjalamawçan edigizjalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to lick | alajalamawçan edilejalamawçanellethey didn't use to lick |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljalab edihe had licked and remained so | alajalab edilethey had licked and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljalab tül edihe hadn't licked | alajalab tül edilethey hadn't licked | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjalab tura edimjalab turaemI had kept licking | senjalab tura ediŋjalab turaeŋyou had kept licking | oljalab tura edijalab turaedhe had kept licking | bizjalab tura edikjalab turaekwe had kept licking | sizjalab tura edigizjalab turaegizyou all had kept licking | alajalab tura edilejalab turaellethey had kept licking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjalab turmay edimjalab turmayemI hadn't kept licking | senjalab turmay ediŋjalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept licking | oljalab turmay edijalab turmayedhe hadn't kept licking | bizjalab turmay edikjalab turmayekwe hadn't kept licking | sizjalab turmay edigizjalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept licking | alajalab turmay edilejalab turmayellethey hadn't kept licking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjalay tura edimjalay turaemI was in the middle of licking | senjalay tura ediŋjalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of licking | oljalay tura edijalay turaedhe was in the middle of licking | bizjalay tura edikjalay turaekwe were in the middle of licking | sizjalay tura edigizjalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of licking | alajalay tura edilejalay turaellethey were in the middle of licking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjalay turmay edimjalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of licking | senjalay turmay ediŋjalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of licking | oljalay turmay edijalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of licking | bizjalay turmay edikjalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of licking | sizjalay turmay edigizjalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of licking | alajalay turmay edilejalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of licking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjalar edimjalar emI would lick | senjalar ediŋjalar eŋyou would lick | oljalar edijalar edhe would lick | bizjalar edikjalar ekwe would lick | sizjalar edigizjalar egizyou all would lick | alajalar edilejalar ellethey would lick |
| Conditional result (would) | menjalamaz edimjalamaz emI wouldn't lick | senjalamaz ediŋjalamaz eŋyou wouldn't lick | oljalamaz edijalamaz edhe wouldn't lick | bizjalamaz edikjalamaz ekwe wouldn't lick | sizjalamaz edigizjalamaz egizyou all wouldn't lick | alajalamaz edilejalamaz ellethey wouldn't lick |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjalarıq edimjalarıq emI would have licked | senjalarıq ediŋjalarıq eŋyou would have licked | oljalarıq edijalarıq edhe would have licked | bizjalarıq edikjalarıq ekwe would have licked | sizjalarıq edigizjalarıq egizyou all would have licked | alajalarıq edilejalarıq ellethey would have licked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjalarıq tül edimjalarıq tül emI wouldn't have licked | senjalarıq tül ediŋjalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have licked | oljalarıq tül edijalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have licked | bizjalarıq tül edikjalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have licked | sizjalarıq tül edigizjalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have licked | alajalarıq tül edilejalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have licked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjalasamif I lick | senjalasaŋif you lick | oljalasaif he licks | bizjalasaqif we lick | sizjalasağızif you all lick | alajalasalaif they lick |
| Conditional | menjalamasamif I don't lick | senjalamasaŋif you don't lick | oljalamasaif he doesn't lick | bizjalamasaqif we don't lick | sizjalamasağızif you all don't lick | alajalamasalaif they don't lick |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjalay esemif I am licking | senjalay eseŋif you are licking | oljalay eseif he is licking | bizjalay esekif we are licking | sizjalay esegizif you all are licking | alajalay eseleif they are licking |
| Conditional, present real | menjalamay esemif I am not licking | senjalamay eseŋif you are not licking | oljalamay eseif he is not licking | bizjalamay esekif we are not licking | sizjalamay esegizif you all are not licking | alajalamay eseleif they are not licking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjalasam edijalasam edif only I licked | senjalasaŋ edijalasaŋ edif only you licked | oljalasa edijalasaedif only he licked | bizjalasaq edijalasaq edif only we licked | sizjalasağız edijalasağız edif only you all licked | alajalasala edijalasalaedif only they licked |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjalamasam edijalamasam edif only I didn't lick | senjalamasaŋ edijalamasaŋ edif only you didn't lick | oljalamasa edijalamasaedif only he didn't lick | bizjalamasaq edijalamasaq edif only we didn't lick | sizjalamasağız edijalamasağız edif only you all didn't lick | alajalamasala edijalamasalaedif only they didn't lick |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjalab tursamif I carry on licking | senjalab tursaŋif you carry on licking | oljalab tursaif he carries on licking | bizjalab tursaqif we carry on licking | sizjalab tursağızif you all carry on licking | alajalab tursalaif they carry on licking |
| Durative conditional | menjalab turmasamif I don't carry on licking | senjalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on licking | oljalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on licking | bizjalab turmasaqif we don't carry on licking | sizjalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on licking | alajalab turmasalaif they don't carry on licking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjalab tura esemif I have kept licking | senjalab tura eseŋif you have kept licking | oljalab tura eseif he has kept licking | bizjalab tura esekif we have kept licking | sizjalab tura esegizif you all have kept licking | alajalab tura eseleif they have kept licking |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjalab turmay esemif I haven't kept licking | senjalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept licking | oljalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept licking | bizjalab turmay esekif we haven't kept licking | sizjalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept licking | alajalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept licking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjalay tursamif I keep licking | senjalay tursaŋif you keep licking | oljalay tursaif he keeps licking | bizjalay tursaqif we keep licking | sizjalay tursağızif you all keep licking | alajalay tursalaif they keep licking |
| Progressive conditional | menjalamay tursamif I keep on not licking | senjalamay tursaŋif you keep on not licking | oljalamay tursaif he keeps on not licking | bizjalamay tursaqif we keep on not licking | sizjalamay tursağızif you all keep on not licking | alajalamay tursalaif they keep on not licking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjalay tura esemif I am in the middle of licking | senjalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of licking | oljalay tura eseif he is in the middle of licking | bizjalay tura esekif we are in the middle of licking | sizjalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of licking | alajalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of licking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjalamay tura esemif I keep on not licking | senjalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not licking | oljalamay tura eseif he keeps on not licking | bizjalamay tura esekif we keep on not licking | sizjalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not licking | alajalamay tura eseleif they keep on not licking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjaladım esemif I licked | senjaladıŋ eseŋif you licked | oljaladı eseif he licked | bizjaladıq esekif we licked | sizjaladığız esegizif you all licked | alajaladıla eseleif they licked |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjalamadım esemif I didn't lick | senjalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't lick | oljalamadı eseif he didn't lick | bizjalamadıq esekif we didn't lick | sizjalamadığız esegizif you all didn't lick | alajalamadıla eseleif they didn't lick |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjalağan esemif I did lick (indeed) | senjalağan eseŋif you did lick (indeed) | oljalağan eseif he did lick (indeed) | bizjalağan esekif we did lick (indeed) | sizjalağan esegizif you all did lick (indeed) | alajalağan eseleif they did lick (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjalamağan esemif I didn't lick (indeed) | senjalamağan eseŋif you didn't lick (indeed) | oljalamağan eseif he didn't lick (indeed) | bizjalamağan esekif we didn't lick (indeed) | sizjalamağan esegizif you all didn't lick (indeed) | alajalamağan eseleif they didn't lick (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjalağan bolsamif I had licked | senjalağan bolsaŋif you had licked | oljalağan bolsaif he had licked | bizjalağan bolsaqif we had licked | sizjalağan bolsağızif you all had licked | alajalağan bolsalaif they had licked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjalamağan bolsamif I hadn't licked | senjalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't licked | oljalamağan bolsaif he hadn't licked | bizjalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't licked | sizjalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't licked | alajalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't licked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjalağan bolsam edijalağan bolsam edif only I had licked | senjalağan bolsaŋ edijalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had licked | oljalağan bolsa edijalağan bolsaedif only he had licked | bizjalağan bolsaq edijalağan bolsaq edif only we had licked | sizjalağan bolsağız edijalağan bolsağız edif only you all had licked | alajalağan bolsala edijalağan bolsalaedif only they had licked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjalamağan bolsam edijalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't licked | senjalamağan bolsaŋ edijalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't licked | oljalamağan bolsa edijalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't licked | bizjalamağan bolsaq edijalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't licked | sizjalamağan bolsağız edijalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't licked | alajalamağan bolsala edijalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't licked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjalar esemif I will lick | senjalar eseŋif you will lick | oljalar eseif he will lick | bizjalar esekif we will lick | sizjalar esegizif you all will lick | alajalar eseleif they will lick |
| Conditional, aorist | menjalamaz esemif I won't lick | senjalamaz eseŋif you won't lick | oljalamaz eseif he won't lick | bizjalamaz esekif we won't lick | sizjalamaz esegizif you all won't lick | alajalamaz eseleif they won't lick |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjalarıq esemif I am going to lick | senjalarıq eseŋif you are going to lick | oljalarıq eseif he is going to lick | bizjalarıq esekif we are going to lick | sizjalarıq esegizif you all are going to lick | alajalarıq eseleif they are going to lick |
| Conditional, future | menjalarıq tül esemif I am not going to lick | senjalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to lick | oljalarıq tül eseif he is not going to lick | bizjalarıq tül esekif we are not going to lick | sizjalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to lick | alajalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to lick |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjalarıq bolsamif I were going to lick | senjalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to lick | oljalarıq bolsaif he were going to lick | bizjalarıq bolsaqif we were going to lick | sizjalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to lick | alajalarıq bolsalaif they were going to lick |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to lick | senjalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to lick | oljalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to lick | bizjalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to lick | sizjalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to lick | alajalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to lick |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjalay bolurmaI must be licking | senjalay bolursayou must be licking | oljalay bolurhe must be licking | bizjalay bolurbuzwe must be licking | sizjalay bolursuzyou all must be licking | alajalay bolurlathey must be licking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjalamay bolurmaI must not be licking | senjalamay bolursayou must not be licking | oljalamay bolurhe must not be licking | bizjalamay bolurbuzwe must not be licking | sizjalamay bolursuzyou all must not be licking | alajalamay bolurlathey must not be licking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of licking | senjalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of licking | oljalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of licking | bizjalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of licking | sizjalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of licking | alajalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of licking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not licking | senjalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not licking | oljalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not licking | bizjalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not licking | sizjalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not licking | alajalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not licking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjalağan bolurmaI must have licked | senjalağan bolursayou must have licked | oljalağan bolurhe must have licked | bizjalağan bolurbuzwe must have licked | sizjalağan bolursuzyou all must have licked | alajalağan bolurlathey must have licked |
| Inference (must have) | menjalamağan bolurmaI must not have licked | senjalamağan bolursayou must not have licked | oljalamağan bolurhe must not have licked | bizjalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have licked | sizjalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have licked | alajalamağan bolurlathey must not have licked |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjalarıq bolurmaI must be going to lick | senjalarıq bolursayou must be going to lick | oljalarıq bolurhe must be going to lick | bizjalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to lick | sizjalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to lick | alajalarıq bolurlathey must be going to lick |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to lick | senjalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to lick | oljalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to lick | bizjalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to lick | sizjalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to lick | alajalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to lick |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjalayımlet me lick | senjala!lick! | oljalasınlet him lick | bizjalayıqlet's lick | sizjalağız!lick, you all! | alajalasınlalet them lick |
| Commands & suggestions | menjalamayımlet me not lick | senjalama!don't lick! | oljalamasınlet him not lick | bizjalamayıqlet's not lick | sizjalamağız!don't lick, you all! | alajalamasınlalet them not lick |
| Commands & suggestions | menjalayımmı?shall I lick? | oljalasınmı?should he lick? | bizjalayıqmı?shall we lick? | alajalasınlamı?should they lick? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjalamayımmı?shall I not lick? | oljalamasınmı?should he not lick? | bizjalamayıqmı?shall we not lick? | alajalamasınlamı?should they not lick? | ||
| Requests | senjalaçı2jalaçınplease lick | oljalasınçıdo let him lick | sizjalaçığızplease lick (plural/polite) | alajalasınlaçıdo let them lick | ||
| Requests | senjalamaçı2jalamaçınplease don't lick | oljalamasınçıdo let him not lick | sizjalamaçığızplease don't lick (plural/polite) | alajalamasınlaçıdo let them not lick | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjalağınjalağımay you lick | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjalamağınjalamağımay you not lick | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjalağay edim jalağa edimwould that I licked | senjalağay ediŋ jalağa ediŋwould that you licked | oljalağay edi jalağa ediwould that he licked | bizjalağay edik jalağa edikwould that we licked | sizjalağay edigiz jalağa edigizwould that you all licked | alajalağay edile jalağa edilewould that they licked |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjalamağay edim jalamağa edimwould that I did not lick | senjalamağay ediŋ jalamağa ediŋwould that you did not lick | oljalamağay edi jalamağa ediwould that he did not lick | bizjalamağay edik jalamağa edikwould that we did not lick | sizjalamağay edigiz jalamağa edigizwould that you all did not lick | alajalamağay edile jalamağa edilewould that they did not lick |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjalamağa qoyayımjalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to lick | senjalamağa qoy!jalama qoy!let someone lick! | oljalamağa qoysunjalama qoysunlet him allow someone to lick | bizjalamağa qoyayıqjalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to lick | sizjalamağa qoyuğuz!jalama qoyuğuz!let someone lick, you all! | alajalamağa qoysunlajalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to lick |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjalamağa qoymayımjalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to lick | senjalamağa qoyma!jalama qoyma!don't let someone lick! | oljalamağa qoymasınjalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to lick | bizjalamağa qoymayıqjalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to lick | sizjalamağa qoymağız!jalama qoymağız!don't let someone lick, you all! | alajalamağa qoymasınlajalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to lick |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjalamağa qoyayımmı?jalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to lick? | oljalamağa qoysunmu?jalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to lick? | bizjalamağa qoyayıqmı?jalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to lick? | alajalamağa qoysunlamı?jalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to lick? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjalamağa qoymayımmı?jalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to lick? | oljalamağa qoymasınmı?jalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to lick? | bizjalamağa qoymayıqmı?jalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to lick? | alajalamağa qoymasınlamı?jalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to lick? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjalamağa qoyamajalama qoyamaI allow someone to lick | senjalamağa qoyasajalama qoyasayou allow someone to lick | oljalamağa qoyadıjalama qoyadıhe allows someone to lick | bizjalamağa qoyabızjalama qoyabızwe allow someone to lick | sizjalamağa qoyasızjalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to lick | alajalamağa qoyadılajalama qoyadılathey allow someone to lick |
| Let someone… (present) | menjalamağa qoymaymajalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to lick | senjalamağa qoymaysajalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to lick | oljalamağa qoymaydıjalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to lick | bizjalamağa qoymaybızjalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to lick | sizjalamağa qoymaysızjalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to lick | alajalamağa qoymaydılajalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to lick |
| Let someone… (present) | menjalamağa qoyamamı?jalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to lick? | senjalamağa qoyamısa?jalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to lick? | oljalamağa qoyamıdı?jalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to lick? | bizjalamağa qoyabızmı?jalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to lick? | sizjalamağa qoyamısız?jalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to lick? | alajalamağa qoyamıdıla?jalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to lick? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjalamağa qoymaymamı?jalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to lick? | senjalamağa qoymaymısa?jalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to lick? | oljalamağa qoymaymıdı?jalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to lick? | bizjalamağa qoymaybızmı?jalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to lick? | sizjalamağa qoymaymısız?jalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to lick? | alajalamağa qoymaymıdıla?jalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to lick? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjalamağa qoydumjalama qoydumI allowed someone to lick | senjalamağa qoyduŋjalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to lick | oljalamağa qoydujalama qoyduhe allowed someone to lick | bizjalamağa qoyduqjalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to lick | sizjalamağa qoyduğuzjalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to lick | alajalamağa qoydulajalama qoydulathey allowed someone to lick |
| Let someone… (past) | menjalamağa qoymadımjalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to lick | senjalamağa qoymadıŋjalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to lick | oljalamağa qoymadıjalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to lick | bizjalamağa qoymadıqjalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to lick | sizjalamağa qoymadığızjalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to lick | alajalamağa qoymadılajalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to lick |
| Let someone… (past) | menjalamağa qoydummu?jalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to lick? | senjalamağa qoyduŋmu?jalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to lick? | oljalamağa qoydumu?jalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to lick? | bizjalamağa qoyduqmu?jalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to lick? | sizjalamağa qoyduğuzmu?jalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to lick? | alajalamağa qoydulamı?jalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to lick? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjalamağa qoymadımmı?jalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to lick? | senjalamağa qoymadıŋmı?jalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to lick? | oljalamağa qoymadımı?jalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to lick? | bizjalamağa qoymadıqmı?jalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to lick? | sizjalamağa qoymadığızmı?jalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to lick? | alajalamağa qoymadılamı?jalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to lick? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jalayalırğa be able to lick · jalayalmazğa be unable to lick
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjalayalamaI can lick | senjalayalasayou can lick | oljalayaladıhe can lick | bizjalayalabızwe can lick | sizjalayalasızyou all can lick | alajalayaladılathey can lick |
| Ability — present | menjalayalmaymaI can't lick | senjalayalmaysayou can't lick | oljalayalmaydıhe can't lick | bizjalayalmaybızwe can't lick | sizjalayalmaysızyou all can't lick | alajalayalmaydılathey can't lick |
| Ability — present | menjalayalamamı? jalayalamıma?can I lick? | senjalayalamısa?can you lick? | oljalayalamıdı?can he lick? | bizjalayalabızmı? jalayalamıbız?can we lick? | sizjalayalamısız?can you all lick? | alajalayalamıdıla?can they lick? |
| Ability — present | menjalayalmaymamı? jalayalmaymıma?can't I lick? | senjalayalmaymısa?can't you lick? | oljalayalmaymıdı?can't he lick? | bizjalayalmaybızmı? jalayalmaymıbız?can't we lick? | sizjalayalmaymısız?can't you all lick? | alajalayalmaymıdıla?can't they lick? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjalayalsamif I can lick | senjalayalsaŋif you can lick | oljalayalsaif he can lick | bizjalayalsaqif we can lick | sizjalayalsağızif you all can lick | alajalayalsalaif they can lick |
| Ability — if I can… | menjalayalmasamif I can't lick | senjalayalmasaŋif you can't lick | oljalayalmasaif he can't lick | bizjalayalmasaqif we can't lick | sizjalayalmasağızif you all can't lick | alajalayalmasalaif they can't lick |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjalayaldımI was able to lick | senjalayaldıŋyou were able to lick | oljalayaldıhe was able to lick | bizjalayaldıqwe were able to lick | sizjalayaldığızyou all were able to lick | alajalayaldılathey were able to lick |
| Ability — simple past | menjalayalmadımI could not lick | senjalayalmadıŋyou could not lick | oljalayalmadıhe could not lick | bizjalayalmadıqwe could not lick | sizjalayalmadığızyou all could not lick | alajalayalmadılathey could not lick |
| Ability — simple past | menjalayaldımmı?was I able to lick? | senjalayaldıŋmı?were you able to lick? | oljalayaldımı?was he able to lick? | bizjalayaldıqmı?were we able to lick? | sizjalayaldığızmı?were you all able to lick? | alajalayaldılamı?were they able to lick? |
| Ability — simple past | menjalayalmadımmı?couldn't I lick? | senjalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you lick? | oljalayalmadımı?couldn't he lick? | bizjalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we lick? | sizjalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all lick? | alajalayalmadılamı?couldn't they lick? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjalayalğanmaI have been able to lick | senjalayalğansayou have been able to lick | oljalayalğandıhe has been able to lick | bizjalayalğanbızwe have been able to lick | sizjalayalğansızyou all have been able to lick | alajalayalğandılathey have been able to lick |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to lick | senjalayalmağansayou haven't been able to lick | oljalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to lick | bizjalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to lick | sizjalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to lick | alajalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to lick |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjalayalğanmamı? jalayalğanmıma?have I been able to lick? | senjalayalğanmısa?have you been able to lick? | oljalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to lick? | bizjalayalğanbızmı? jalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to lick? | sizjalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to lick? | alajalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to lick? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjalayalmağanmamı? jalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to lick? | senjalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to lick? | oljalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to lick? | bizjalayalmağanbızmı? jalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to lick? | sizjalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to lick? | alajalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to lick? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjalayalğan edimjalayalğanemI had been able to lick | senjalayalğan ediŋjalayalğaneŋyou had been able to lick | oljalayalğan edijalayalğanedhe had been able to lick | bizjalayalğan edikjalayalğanekwe had been able to lick | sizjalayalğan edigizjalayalğanegizyou all had been able to lick | alajalayalğan edilejalayalğanellethey had been able to lick |
| Ability — past perfect | menjalayalmağan edimjalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to lick | senjalayalmağan ediŋjalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to lick | oljalayalmağan edijalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to lick | bizjalayalmağan edikjalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to lick | sizjalayalmağan edigizjalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to lick | alajalayalmağan edilejalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to lick |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjalayala edimjalayalaemI could lick | senjalayala ediŋjalayalaeŋyou could lick | oljalayala edijalayalaedhe could lick | bizjalayala edikjalayalaekwe could lick | sizjalayala edigizjalayalaegizyou all could lick | alajalayala edilejalayalaellethey could lick |
| Ability — past background | menjalayalmay edimjalayalmayemI could not lick | senjalayalmay ediŋjalayalmayeŋyou could not lick | oljalayalmay edijalayalmayedhe could not lick | bizjalayalmay edikjalayalmayekwe could not lick | sizjalayalmay edigizjalayalmayegizyou all could not lick | alajalayalmay edilejalayalmayellethey could not lick |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjalayalırmaI will be able to lick | senjalayalırsayou will be able to lick | oljalayalırhe will be able to lick | bizjalayalırbızwe will be able to lick | sizjalayalırsızyou all will be able to lick | alajalayalırlathey will be able to lick |
| Ability — future I | menjalayalmazmaI won't be able to lick | senjalayalmazsayou won't be able to lick | oljalayalmazhe won't be able to lick | bizjalayalmazbızwe won't be able to lick | sizjalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to lick | alajalayalmazlathey won't be able to lick |
| Ability — future I | menjalayalırmamı? jalayalırmıma?will I be able to lick? | senjalayalırmısa?will you be able to lick? | oljalayalırmı?will he be able to lick? | bizjalayalırbızmı? jalayalırmıbız?will we be able to lick? | sizjalayalırmısız?will you all be able to lick? | alajalayalırlamı? jalayalırmıla?will they be able to lick? |
| Ability — future I | menjalayalmazmamı? jalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to lick? | senjalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to lick? | oljalayalmazmı?won't he be able to lick? | bizjalayalmazbızmı? jalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to lick? | sizjalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to lick? | alajalayalmazlamı? jalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to lick? |
| Ability — future II | menjalayallıqmaI am going to be able to lick | senjalayallıqsayou are going to be able to lick | oljalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to lick | bizjalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to lick | sizjalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to lick | alajalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to lick |
| Ability — future II | menjalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to lick | senjalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to lick | oljalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to lick | bizjalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to lick | sizjalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to lick | alajalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to lick |
| Ability — future II | menjalayallıqmamı? jalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to lick? | senjalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to lick? | oljalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to lick? | bizjalayallıqbızmı? jalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to lick? | sizjalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to lick? | alajalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to lick? |
| Ability — future II | menjalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to lick? | senjalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to lick? | oljalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to lick? | bizjalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to lick? | sizjalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to lick? | alajalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to lick? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjalayalır edimjalayalır emI would be able to lick | senjalayalır ediŋjalayalır eŋyou would be able to lick | oljalayalır edijalayalır edhe would be able to lick | bizjalayalır edikjalayalır ekwe would be able to lick | sizjalayalır edigizjalayalır egizyou all would be able to lick | alajalayalır edilejalayalır ellethey would be able to lick |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjalayalmaz edimjalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to lick | senjalayalmaz ediŋjalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to lick | oljalayalmaz edijalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to lick | bizjalayalmaz edikjalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to lick | sizjalayalmaz edigizjalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to lick | alajalayalmaz edilejalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to lick |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjalayalğınjalayalğımay you be able to lick | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjalayalmağınjalayalmağımay you not be able to lick | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjalarğa izleymeI want to lick | senjalarğa izleyseyou want to lick | oljalarğa izleydihe wants to lick | bizjalarğa izleybizwe want to lick | sizjalarğa izleysizyou all want to lick | alajalarğa izleydilethey want to lick |
| want to | menjalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to lick | senjalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to lick | oljalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to lick | bizjalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to lick | sizjalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to lick | alajalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to lick |
| would like to | menjalarğa süemeI would like to lick | senjalarğa süeseyou would like to lick | oljalarğa süedihe would like to lick | bizjalarğa süebizwe would like to lick | sizjalarğa süesizyou all would like to lick | alajalarğa süedilethey would like to lick |
| would like to | menjalarğa süymeymeI would not like to lick | senjalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to lick | oljalarğa süymeydihe would not like to lick | bizjalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to lick | sizjalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to lick | alajalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to lick |
| hope to | menjalarğa umutlanamaI hope to lick | senjalarğa umutlanasayou hope to lick | oljalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to lick | bizjalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to lick | sizjalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to lick | alajalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to lick |
| hope to | menjalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to lick | senjalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to lick | oljalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to lick | bizjalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to lick | sizjalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to lick | alajalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to lick |
| be about to | menjalarğa deb turamaI am about to lick | senjalarğa deb turasayou are about to lick | oljalarğa deb turadıhe is about to lick | bizjalarğa deb turabızwe are about to lick | sizjalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to lick | alajalarğa deb turadılathey are about to lick |
| be about to | menjalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to lick | senjalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to lick | oljalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to lick | bizjalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to lick | sizjalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to lick | alajalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to lick |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjalarğa kerekmeI need to lick | senjalarğa kerekseyou need to lick | oljalarğa kerekdihe needs to lick | bizjalarğa kerekbizwe need to lick | sizjalarğa kereksizyou all need to lick | alajalarğa kerekdilethey need to lick |
| need to | menjalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to lick | senjalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to lick | oljalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to lick | bizjalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to lick | sizjalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to lick | alajalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to lick |
| have to | menmenŋe jalarğa tüşediI have to lick | sensenŋe jalarğa tüşediyou have to lick | olaŋa jalarğa tüşedihe has to lick | bizbizge jalarğa tüşediwe have to lick | sizsizge jalarğa tüşediyou all have to lick | alaalağa jalarğa tüşedithey have to lick |
| have to | menmenŋe jalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to lick | sensenŋe jalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to lick | olaŋa jalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to lick | bizbizge jalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to lick | sizsizge jalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to lick | alaalağa jalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to lick |
| be obliged to | menjalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to lick | senjalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to lick | oljalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to lick | bizjalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to lick | sizjalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to lick | alajalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to lick |
| be obliged to | menjalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to lick | senjalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to lick | oljalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to lick | bizjalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to lick | sizjalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to lick | alajalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to lick |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to lick | senjalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to lick | oljalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to lick | bizjalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to lick | sizjalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to lick | alajalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to lick |
| have a way to | menjalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to lick | senjalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to lick | oljalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to lick | bizjalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to lick | sizjalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to lick | alajalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to lick |
| be free to | menjalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to lick | senjalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to lick | oljalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to lick | bizjalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to lick | sizjalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to lick | alajalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to lick |
| be free to | menjalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to lick | senjalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to lick | oljalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to lick | bizjalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to lick | sizjalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to lick | alajalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to lick |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to lick | sensenŋe jalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to lick | olaŋa jalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to lick | bizbizge jalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to lick | sizsizge jalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to lick | alaalağa jalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to lick |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to lick | sensenŋe jalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to lick | olaŋa jalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to lick | bizbizge jalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to lick | sizsizge jalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to lick | alaalağa jalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to lick |
| be ready to | menjalarğa hazırmaI am ready to lick | senjalarğa hazırsayou are ready to lick | oljalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to lick | bizjalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to lick | sizjalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to lick | alajalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to lick |
| be ready to | menjalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to lick | senjalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to lick | oljalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to lick | bizjalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to lick | sizjalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to lick | alajalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to lick |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjalarğa küreşemeI am trying to lick | senjalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to lick | oljalarğa küreşedihe is trying to lick | bizjalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to lick | sizjalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to lick | alajalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to lick |
| try to | menjalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to lick | senjalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to lick | oljalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to lick | bizjalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to lick | sizjalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to lick | alajalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to lick |
| agree to | menjalarğa unaymaI agree to lick | senjalarğa unaysayou agree to lick | oljalarğa unaydıhe agrees to lick | bizjalarğa unaybızwe agree to lick | sizjalarğa unaysızyou all agree to lick | alajalarğa unaydılathey agree to lick |
| agree to | menjalarğa unamaymaI refuse to lick | senjalarğa unamaysayou refuse to lick | oljalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to lick | bizjalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to lick | sizjalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to lick | alajalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to lick |
| hurry to | menjalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to lick | senjalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to lick | oljalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to lick | bizjalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to lick | sizjalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to lick | alajalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to lick |
| hurry to | menjalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to lick | senjalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to lick | oljalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to lick | bizjalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to lick | sizjalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to lick | alajalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to lick |
| be afraid to | menjalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to lick | senjalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to lick | oljalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to lick | bizjalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to lick | sizjalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to lick | alajalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to lick |
| be afraid to | menjalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to lick | senjalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to lick | oljalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to lick | bizjalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to lick | sizjalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to lick | alajalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to lick |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjalay bolmazmaI can't be licking | senjalay bolmazsayou can't be licking | oljalay bolmazhe can't be licking | bizjalay bolmazbızwe can't be licking | sizjalay bolmazsızyou all can't be licking | alajalay bolmazlathey can't be licking |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjalamay bolmazmaI must be licking (emphatic) | senjalamay bolmazsayou must be licking (emphatic) | oljalamay bolmazhe must be licking (emphatic) | bizjalamay bolmazbızwe must be licking (emphatic) | sizjalamay bolmazsızyou all must be licking (emphatic) | alajalamay bolmazlathey must be licking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjalay turmasamif I don't keep licking | senjalay turmasaŋif you don't keep licking | oljalay turmasaif he doesn't keep licking | bizjalay turmasaqif we don't keep licking | sizjalay turmasağızif you all don't keep licking | alajalay turmasalaif they don't keep licking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of licking | senjalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of licking | oljalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of licking | bizjalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of licking | sizjalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of licking | alajalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of licking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not licking (emphatic) | senjalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not licking (emphatic) | oljalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not licking (emphatic) | bizjalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not licking (emphatic) | sizjalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not licking (emphatic) | alajalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not licking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjalamay turamaI keep on not licking | senjalamay turasayou keep on not licking | oljalamay turadıhe keeps on not licking | bizjalamay turabızwe keep on not licking | sizjalamay turasızyou all keep on not licking | alajalamay turadılathey keep on not licking |
| Progressive — double negation | menjalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not licking | senjalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not licking | oljalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not licking | bizjalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not licking | sizjalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not licking | alajalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not licking |
| Progressive — double negation | menjalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not licking? | senjalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not licking? | oljalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not licking? | bizjalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not licking? | sizjalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not licking? | alajalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not licking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjalağan bolmazmaI can't have licked | senjalağan bolmazsayou can't have licked | oljalağan bolmazhe can't have licked | bizjalağan bolmazbızwe can't have licked | sizjalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have licked | alajalağan bolmazlathey can't have licked |
| Inference — double negation | menjalamağan bolmazmaI must have licked (emphatic) | senjalamağan bolmazsayou must have licked (emphatic) | oljalamağan bolmazhe must have licked (emphatic) | bizjalamağan bolmazbızwe must have licked (emphatic) | sizjalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have licked (emphatic) | alajalamağan bolmazlathey must have licked (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had licked | senjalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had licked | oljalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had licked | bizjalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had licked | sizjalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had licked | alajalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had licked |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't licked | senjalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't licked | oljalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't licked | bizjalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't licked | sizjalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't licked | alajalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't licked |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to lick | senjalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to lick | oljalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to lick | bizjalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to lick | sizjalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to lick | alajalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to lick |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to lick (emphatic) | senjalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to lick (emphatic) | oljalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to lick (emphatic) | bizjalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to lick (emphatic) | sizjalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to lick (emphatic) | alajalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to lick (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to lick | senjalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to lick | oljalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to lick | bizjalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to lick | sizjalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to lick | alajalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to lick |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to lick | senjalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to lick | oljalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to lick | bizjalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to lick | sizjalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to lick | alajalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to lick |