jaşnarğa
/dʒaʃnarʁa/
1. flash, lighten, give off a flash — Said mainly of lightning.
- kök jaşnaydı — the lightning is flashing
- kök jaşnadı — the lightning flashed
- keçe kök jaşnadı — the lightning flashed in the night
2. blossom, flourish, bloom — Used of plants, and also of people, culture and the economy that thrive and grow.
- sabanla jaşnaydıla — the fields are blooming
- terekle jaşnaydıla — the trees are in blossom
- tamçı suwdan tal jaşnar — the willow will flourish from a drop of water
- jaylıqla, neçik ariw jaşnaysız — summer pastures, how beautifully you bloom
- qıznı jaşnağan közüwü — the time of a girl's blossoming
3. shine brightly, stand out with a bright color
- julduzla jaşnaydıla — the stars are shining
- şahar kündüzça jaşnaydı — the city shines like daytime
- suw jaşnay qaya tübünde — the water glistening under the rock
4. brighten up, cheer up, become cheerful
- anı eşitgeninde, beti jaşnadı — when he heard it, his face lit up
- İbrahim jaşnadı, tirildi — Ibrahim brightened up and livened up
Conjugation
Common forms
- jaşnaydıhe is flashing
- jaşnadıhe flashed
- jaşnağandıhe has flashed
- jaşnarhe will flash
- jaşnarıqdıhe is going to flash
- jaşnay edihe was flashing
- jaşnasaif he flashes
- jaşna!flash!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaşnaymaI am flashing | senjaşnaysayou are flashing | oljaşnaydıhe is flashing | bizjaşnaybızwe are flashing | sizjaşnaysızyou all are flashing | alajaşnaydılathey are flashing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaşnamaymaI am not flashing | senjaşnamaysayou are not flashing | oljaşnamaydıhe is not flashing | bizjaşnamaybızwe are not flashing | sizjaşnamaysızyou all are not flashing | alajaşnamaydılathey are not flashing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaşnaymamı? jaşnaymıma?am I flashing? | senjaşnaymısa?are you flashing? | oljaşnaymıdı?is he flashing? | bizjaşnaybızmı? jaşnaymıbız?are we flashing? | sizjaşnaymısız?are you all flashing? | alajaşnaymıdıla?are they flashing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaşnamaymamı? jaşnamaymıma?aren't I flashing? | senjaşnamaymısa?aren't you flashing? | oljaşnamaymıdı?isn't he flashing? | bizjaşnamaybızmı? jaşnamaymıbız?aren't we flashing? | sizjaşnamaymısız?aren't you all flashing? | alajaşnamaymıdıla?aren't they flashing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaşnawçanmaI usually flash | senjaşnawçansayou usually flash | oljaşnawçandıhe usually flashes | bizjaşnawçanbızwe usually flash | sizjaşnawçansızyou all usually flash | alajaşnawçandılathey usually flash |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaşnamawçanmaI usually don't flash | senjaşnamawçansayou usually don't flash | oljaşnamawçandıhe usually doesn't flash | bizjaşnamawçanbızwe usually don't flash | sizjaşnamawçansızyou all usually don't flash | alajaşnamawçandılathey usually don't flash |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaşnawçanmamı? jaşnawçanmıma?do I usually flash? | senjaşnawçanmısa?do you usually flash? | oljaşnawçanmıdı?does he usually flash? | bizjaşnawçanbızmı? jaşnawçanmıbız?do we usually flash? | sizjaşnawçanmısız?do you all usually flash? | alajaşnawçanmıdıla?do they usually flash? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaşnamawçanmamı? jaşnamawçanmıma?do I usually not flash? | senjaşnamawçanmısa?do you usually not flash? | oljaşnamawçanmıdı?does he usually not flash? | bizjaşnamawçanbızmı? jaşnamawçanmıbız?do we usually not flash? | sizjaşnamawçanmısız?do you all usually not flash? | alajaşnamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not flash? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljaşnabdıhe has flashed and remains so | alajaşnabdılathey have flashed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljaşnabmıdı?has he flashed? | alajaşnabmıdıla?have they flashed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaşnab turamaI keep flashing | senjaşnab turasayou keep flashing | oljaşnab turadıhe keeps flashing | bizjaşnab turabızwe keep flashing | sizjaşnab turasızyou all keep flashing | alajaşnab turadılathey keep flashing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaşnab turmaymaI don't keep flashing | senjaşnab turmaysayou don't keep flashing | oljaşnab turmaydıhe doesn't keep flashing | bizjaşnab turmaybızwe don't keep flashing | sizjaşnab turmaysızyou all don't keep flashing | alajaşnab turmaydılathey don't keep flashing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaşnab turamamı? jaşnab turamıma?do I keep flashing? | senjaşnab turamısa?do you keep flashing? | oljaşnab turamıdı?does he keep flashing? | bizjaşnab turabızmı? jaşnab turamıbız?do we keep flashing? | sizjaşnab turamısız?do you all keep flashing? | alajaşnab turamıdıla?do they keep flashing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaşnab turmaymamı? jaşnab turmaymıma?don't I keep flashing? | senjaşnab turmaymısa?don't you keep flashing? | oljaşnab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep flashing? | bizjaşnab turmaybızmı? jaşnab turmaymıbız?don't we keep flashing? | sizjaşnab turmaymısız?don't you all keep flashing? | alajaşnab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep flashing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaşnay turamaI am in the middle of flashing | senjaşnay turasayou are in the middle of flashing | oljaşnay turadıhe is in the middle of flashing | bizjaşnay turabızwe are in the middle of flashing | sizjaşnay turasızyou all are in the middle of flashing | alajaşnay turadılathey are in the middle of flashing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaşnay turmaymaI am not in the middle of flashing | senjaşnay turmaysayou are not in the middle of flashing | oljaşnay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of flashing | bizjaşnay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of flashing | sizjaşnay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of flashing | alajaşnay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of flashing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaşnay turamamı? jaşnay turamıma?am I in the middle of flashing? | senjaşnay turamısa?are you in the middle of flashing? | oljaşnay turamıdı?is he in the middle of flashing? | bizjaşnay turabızmı? jaşnay turamıbız?are we in the middle of flashing? | sizjaşnay turamısız?are you all in the middle of flashing? | alajaşnay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of flashing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaşnay turmaymamı? jaşnay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of flashing? | senjaşnay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of flashing? | oljaşnay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of flashing? | bizjaşnay turmaybızmı? jaşnay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of flashing? | sizjaşnay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of flashing? | alajaşnay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of flashing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaşnadımI flashed | senjaşnadıŋyou flashed | oljaşnadıhe flashed | bizjaşnadıqwe flashed | sizjaşnadığızyou all flashed | alajaşnadılathey flashed |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaşnamadımI didn't flash | senjaşnamadıŋyou didn't flash | oljaşnamadıhe didn't flash | bizjaşnamadıqwe didn't flash | sizjaşnamadığızyou all didn't flash | alajaşnamadılathey didn't flash |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaşnadımmı?did I flash? | senjaşnadıŋmı?did you flash? | oljaşnadımı?did he flash? | bizjaşnadıqmı?did we flash? | sizjaşnadığızmı?did you all flash? | alajaşnadılamı?did they flash? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaşnamadımmı?didn't I flash? | senjaşnamadıŋmı?didn't you flash? | oljaşnamadımı?didn't he flash? | bizjaşnamadıqmı?didn't we flash? | sizjaşnamadığızmı?didn't you all flash? | alajaşnamadılamı?didn't they flash? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaşnağanmaI have flashed | senjaşnağansayou have flashed | oljaşnağandıhe has flashed | bizjaşnağanbızwe have flashed | sizjaşnağansızyou all have flashed | alajaşnağandılathey have flashed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaşnamağanmaI haven't flashed | senjaşnamağansayou haven't flashed | oljaşnamağandıhe hasn't flashed | bizjaşnamağanbızwe haven't flashed | sizjaşnamağansızyou all haven't flashed | alajaşnamağandılathey haven't flashed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaşnağanmamı? jaşnağanmıma?have I flashed? | senjaşnağanmısa?have you flashed? | oljaşnağanmıdı?has he flashed? | bizjaşnağanbızmı? jaşnağanmıbız?have we flashed? | sizjaşnağanmısız?have you all flashed? | alajaşnağanmıdıla?have they flashed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaşnamağanmamı? jaşnamağanmıma?haven't I flashed? | senjaşnamağanmısa?haven't you flashed? | oljaşnamağanmıdı?hasn't he flashed? | bizjaşnamağanbızmı? jaşnamağanmıbız?haven't we flashed? | sizjaşnamağanmısız?haven't you all flashed? | alajaşnamağanmıdıla?haven't they flashed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjaşnab turdumI kept flashing | senjaşnab turduŋyou kept flashing | oljaşnab turduhe kept flashing | bizjaşnab turduqwe kept flashing | sizjaşnab turduğuzyou all kept flashing | alajaşnab turdulathey kept flashing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjaşnab turmadımI didn't keep flashing | senjaşnab turmadıŋyou didn't keep flashing | oljaşnab turmadıhe didn't keep flashing | bizjaşnab turmadıqwe didn't keep flashing | sizjaşnab turmadığızyou all didn't keep flashing | alajaşnab turmadılathey didn't keep flashing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaşnarmaI will flash | senjaşnarsayou will flash | oljaşnarhe will flash | bizjaşnarbızwe will flash | sizjaşnarsızyou all will flash | alajaşnarlathey will flash |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaşnamazmaI won't flash | senjaşnamazsayou won't flash | oljaşnamazhe won't flash | bizjaşnamazbızwe won't flash | sizjaşnamazsızyou all won't flash | alajaşnamazlathey won't flash |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaşnarmamı? jaşnarmıma?will I flash? | senjaşnarmısa?will you flash? | oljaşnarmı?will he flash? | bizjaşnarbızmı? jaşnarmıbız?will we flash? | sizjaşnarmısız?will you all flash? | alajaşnarlamı? jaşnarmıla?will they flash? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaşnamazmamı? jaşnamazmıma?won't I flash? | senjaşnamazmısa?won't you flash? | oljaşnamazmı?won't he flash? | bizjaşnamazbızmı? jaşnamazmıbız?won't we flash? | sizjaşnamazmısız?won't you all flash? | alajaşnamazlamı? jaşnamazmıla?won't they flash? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaşnarıqmaI am going to flash | senjaşnarıqsayou are going to flash | oljaşnarıqdıhe is going to flash | bizjaşnarıqbızwe are going to flash | sizjaşnarıqsızyou all are going to flash | alajaşnarıqdılathey are going to flash |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaşnarıq tülmeI am not going to flash | senjaşnarıq tülseyou are not going to flash | oljaşnarıq tüldühe is not going to flash | bizjaşnarıq tülbüzwe are not going to flash | sizjaşnarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to flash | alajaşnarıq tüldülethey are not going to flash |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaşnarıqmamı? jaşnarıqmıma?am I going to flash? | senjaşnarıqmısa?are you going to flash? | oljaşnarıqmıdı?is he going to flash? | bizjaşnarıqbızmı? jaşnarıqmıbız?are we going to flash? | sizjaşnarıqmısız?are you all going to flash? | alajaşnarıqmıdıla?are they going to flash? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaşnarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to flash? | senjaşnarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to flash? | oljaşnarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to flash? | bizjaşnarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to flash? | sizjaşnarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to flash? | alajaşnarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to flash? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjaşnağan edimjaşnağanemI had flashed | senjaşnağan ediŋjaşnağaneŋyou had flashed | oljaşnağan edijaşnağanedhe had flashed | bizjaşnağan edikjaşnağanekwe had flashed | sizjaşnağan edigizjaşnağanegizyou all had flashed | alajaşnağan edilejaşnağanellethey had flashed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjaşnamağan edimjaşnamağanemI hadn't flashed | senjaşnamağan ediŋjaşnamağaneŋyou hadn't flashed | oljaşnamağan edijaşnamağanedhe hadn't flashed | bizjaşnamağan edikjaşnamağanekwe hadn't flashed | sizjaşnamağan edigizjaşnamağanegizyou all hadn't flashed | alajaşnamağan edilejaşnamağanellethey hadn't flashed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjaşnay edimjaşnayemI was flashing | senjaşnay ediŋjaşnayeŋyou were flashing | oljaşnay edijaşnayedhe was flashing | bizjaşnay edikjaşnayekwe were flashing | sizjaşnay edigizjaşnayegizyou all were flashing | alajaşnay edilejaşnayellethey were flashing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjaşnamay edimjaşnamayemI wasn't flashing | senjaşnamay ediŋjaşnamayeŋyou weren't flashing | oljaşnamay edijaşnamayedhe wasn't flashing | bizjaşnamay edikjaşnamayekwe weren't flashing | sizjaşnamay edigizjaşnamayegizyou all weren't flashing | alajaşnamay edilejaşnamayellethey weren't flashing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjaşnawçan edimjaşnawçanemI used to flash | senjaşnawçan ediŋjaşnawçaneŋyou used to flash | oljaşnawçan edijaşnawçanedhe used to flash | bizjaşnawçan edikjaşnawçanekwe used to flash | sizjaşnawçan edigizjaşnawçanegizyou all used to flash | alajaşnawçan edilejaşnawçanellethey used to flash |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjaşnamawçan edimjaşnamawçanemI didn't use to flash | senjaşnamawçan ediŋjaşnamawçaneŋyou didn't use to flash | oljaşnamawçan edijaşnamawçanedhe didn't use to flash | bizjaşnamawçan edikjaşnamawçanekwe didn't use to flash | sizjaşnamawçan edigizjaşnamawçanegizyou all didn't use to flash | alajaşnamawçan edilejaşnamawçanellethey didn't use to flash |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljaşnab edihe had flashed and remained so | alajaşnab edilethey had flashed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljaşnab tül edihe hadn't flashed | alajaşnab tül edilethey hadn't flashed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjaşnab tura edimjaşnab turaemI had kept flashing | senjaşnab tura ediŋjaşnab turaeŋyou had kept flashing | oljaşnab tura edijaşnab turaedhe had kept flashing | bizjaşnab tura edikjaşnab turaekwe had kept flashing | sizjaşnab tura edigizjaşnab turaegizyou all had kept flashing | alajaşnab tura edilejaşnab turaellethey had kept flashing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjaşnab turmay edimjaşnab turmayemI hadn't kept flashing | senjaşnab turmay ediŋjaşnab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept flashing | oljaşnab turmay edijaşnab turmayedhe hadn't kept flashing | bizjaşnab turmay edikjaşnab turmayekwe hadn't kept flashing | sizjaşnab turmay edigizjaşnab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept flashing | alajaşnab turmay edilejaşnab turmayellethey hadn't kept flashing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjaşnay tura edimjaşnay turaemI was in the middle of flashing | senjaşnay tura ediŋjaşnay turaeŋyou were in the middle of flashing | oljaşnay tura edijaşnay turaedhe was in the middle of flashing | bizjaşnay tura edikjaşnay turaekwe were in the middle of flashing | sizjaşnay tura edigizjaşnay turaegizyou all were in the middle of flashing | alajaşnay tura edilejaşnay turaellethey were in the middle of flashing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjaşnay turmay edimjaşnay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of flashing | senjaşnay turmay ediŋjaşnay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of flashing | oljaşnay turmay edijaşnay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of flashing | bizjaşnay turmay edikjaşnay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of flashing | sizjaşnay turmay edigizjaşnay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of flashing | alajaşnay turmay edilejaşnay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of flashing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjaşnar edimjaşnar emI would flash | senjaşnar ediŋjaşnar eŋyou would flash | oljaşnar edijaşnar edhe would flash | bizjaşnar edikjaşnar ekwe would flash | sizjaşnar edigizjaşnar egizyou all would flash | alajaşnar edilejaşnar ellethey would flash |
| Conditional result (would) | menjaşnamaz edimjaşnamaz emI wouldn't flash | senjaşnamaz ediŋjaşnamaz eŋyou wouldn't flash | oljaşnamaz edijaşnamaz edhe wouldn't flash | bizjaşnamaz edikjaşnamaz ekwe wouldn't flash | sizjaşnamaz edigizjaşnamaz egizyou all wouldn't flash | alajaşnamaz edilejaşnamaz ellethey wouldn't flash |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjaşnarıq edimjaşnarıq emI would have flashed | senjaşnarıq ediŋjaşnarıq eŋyou would have flashed | oljaşnarıq edijaşnarıq edhe would have flashed | bizjaşnarıq edikjaşnarıq ekwe would have flashed | sizjaşnarıq edigizjaşnarıq egizyou all would have flashed | alajaşnarıq edilejaşnarıq ellethey would have flashed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjaşnarıq tül edimjaşnarıq tül emI wouldn't have flashed | senjaşnarıq tül ediŋjaşnarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have flashed | oljaşnarıq tül edijaşnarıq tül edhe wouldn't have flashed | bizjaşnarıq tül edikjaşnarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have flashed | sizjaşnarıq tül edigizjaşnarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have flashed | alajaşnarıq tül edilejaşnarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have flashed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjaşnasamif I flash | senjaşnasaŋif you flash | oljaşnasaif he flashes | bizjaşnasaqif we flash | sizjaşnasağızif you all flash | alajaşnasalaif they flash |
| Conditional | menjaşnamasamif I don't flash | senjaşnamasaŋif you don't flash | oljaşnamasaif he doesn't flash | bizjaşnamasaqif we don't flash | sizjaşnamasağızif you all don't flash | alajaşnamasalaif they don't flash |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjaşnay esemif I am flashing | senjaşnay eseŋif you are flashing | oljaşnay eseif he is flashing | bizjaşnay esekif we are flashing | sizjaşnay esegizif you all are flashing | alajaşnay eseleif they are flashing |
| Conditional, present real | menjaşnamay esemif I am not flashing | senjaşnamay eseŋif you are not flashing | oljaşnamay eseif he is not flashing | bizjaşnamay esekif we are not flashing | sizjaşnamay esegizif you all are not flashing | alajaşnamay eseleif they are not flashing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjaşnasam edijaşnasam edif only I flashed | senjaşnasaŋ edijaşnasaŋ edif only you flashed | oljaşnasa edijaşnasaedif only he flashed | bizjaşnasaq edijaşnasaq edif only we flashed | sizjaşnasağız edijaşnasağız edif only you all flashed | alajaşnasala edijaşnasalaedif only they flashed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjaşnamasam edijaşnamasam edif only I didn't flash | senjaşnamasaŋ edijaşnamasaŋ edif only you didn't flash | oljaşnamasa edijaşnamasaedif only he didn't flash | bizjaşnamasaq edijaşnamasaq edif only we didn't flash | sizjaşnamasağız edijaşnamasağız edif only you all didn't flash | alajaşnamasala edijaşnamasalaedif only they didn't flash |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjaşnab tursamif I carry on flashing | senjaşnab tursaŋif you carry on flashing | oljaşnab tursaif he carries on flashing | bizjaşnab tursaqif we carry on flashing | sizjaşnab tursağızif you all carry on flashing | alajaşnab tursalaif they carry on flashing |
| Durative conditional | menjaşnab turmasamif I don't carry on flashing | senjaşnab turmasaŋif you don't carry on flashing | oljaşnab turmasaif he doesn't carry on flashing | bizjaşnab turmasaqif we don't carry on flashing | sizjaşnab turmasağızif you all don't carry on flashing | alajaşnab turmasalaif they don't carry on flashing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjaşnab tura esemif I have kept flashing | senjaşnab tura eseŋif you have kept flashing | oljaşnab tura eseif he has kept flashing | bizjaşnab tura esekif we have kept flashing | sizjaşnab tura esegizif you all have kept flashing | alajaşnab tura eseleif they have kept flashing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjaşnab turmay esemif I haven't kept flashing | senjaşnab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept flashing | oljaşnab turmay eseif he hasn't kept flashing | bizjaşnab turmay esekif we haven't kept flashing | sizjaşnab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept flashing | alajaşnab turmay eseleif they haven't kept flashing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjaşnay tursamif I keep flashing | senjaşnay tursaŋif you keep flashing | oljaşnay tursaif he keeps flashing | bizjaşnay tursaqif we keep flashing | sizjaşnay tursağızif you all keep flashing | alajaşnay tursalaif they keep flashing |
| Progressive conditional | menjaşnamay tursamif I keep on not flashing | senjaşnamay tursaŋif you keep on not flashing | oljaşnamay tursaif he keeps on not flashing | bizjaşnamay tursaqif we keep on not flashing | sizjaşnamay tursağızif you all keep on not flashing | alajaşnamay tursalaif they keep on not flashing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjaşnay tura esemif I am in the middle of flashing | senjaşnay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of flashing | oljaşnay tura eseif he is in the middle of flashing | bizjaşnay tura esekif we are in the middle of flashing | sizjaşnay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of flashing | alajaşnay tura eseleif they are in the middle of flashing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjaşnamay tura esemif I keep on not flashing | senjaşnamay tura eseŋif you keep on not flashing | oljaşnamay tura eseif he keeps on not flashing | bizjaşnamay tura esekif we keep on not flashing | sizjaşnamay tura esegizif you all keep on not flashing | alajaşnamay tura eseleif they keep on not flashing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjaşnadım esemif I flashed | senjaşnadıŋ eseŋif you flashed | oljaşnadı eseif he flashed | bizjaşnadıq esekif we flashed | sizjaşnadığız esegizif you all flashed | alajaşnadıla eseleif they flashed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjaşnamadım esemif I didn't flash | senjaşnamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't flash | oljaşnamadı eseif he didn't flash | bizjaşnamadıq esekif we didn't flash | sizjaşnamadığız esegizif you all didn't flash | alajaşnamadıla eseleif they didn't flash |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjaşnağan esemif I did flash (indeed) | senjaşnağan eseŋif you did flash (indeed) | oljaşnağan eseif he did flash (indeed) | bizjaşnağan esekif we did flash (indeed) | sizjaşnağan esegizif you all did flash (indeed) | alajaşnağan eseleif they did flash (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjaşnamağan esemif I didn't flash (indeed) | senjaşnamağan eseŋif you didn't flash (indeed) | oljaşnamağan eseif he didn't flash (indeed) | bizjaşnamağan esekif we didn't flash (indeed) | sizjaşnamağan esegizif you all didn't flash (indeed) | alajaşnamağan eseleif they didn't flash (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjaşnağan bolsamif I had flashed | senjaşnağan bolsaŋif you had flashed | oljaşnağan bolsaif he had flashed | bizjaşnağan bolsaqif we had flashed | sizjaşnağan bolsağızif you all had flashed | alajaşnağan bolsalaif they had flashed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjaşnamağan bolsamif I hadn't flashed | senjaşnamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't flashed | oljaşnamağan bolsaif he hadn't flashed | bizjaşnamağan bolsaqif we hadn't flashed | sizjaşnamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't flashed | alajaşnamağan bolsalaif they hadn't flashed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjaşnağan bolsam edijaşnağan bolsam edif only I had flashed | senjaşnağan bolsaŋ edijaşnağan bolsaŋ edif only you had flashed | oljaşnağan bolsa edijaşnağan bolsaedif only he had flashed | bizjaşnağan bolsaq edijaşnağan bolsaq edif only we had flashed | sizjaşnağan bolsağız edijaşnağan bolsağız edif only you all had flashed | alajaşnağan bolsala edijaşnağan bolsalaedif only they had flashed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjaşnamağan bolsam edijaşnamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't flashed | senjaşnamağan bolsaŋ edijaşnamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't flashed | oljaşnamağan bolsa edijaşnamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't flashed | bizjaşnamağan bolsaq edijaşnamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't flashed | sizjaşnamağan bolsağız edijaşnamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't flashed | alajaşnamağan bolsala edijaşnamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't flashed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjaşnar esemif I will flash | senjaşnar eseŋif you will flash | oljaşnar eseif he will flash | bizjaşnar esekif we will flash | sizjaşnar esegizif you all will flash | alajaşnar eseleif they will flash |
| Conditional, aorist | menjaşnamaz esemif I won't flash | senjaşnamaz eseŋif you won't flash | oljaşnamaz eseif he won't flash | bizjaşnamaz esekif we won't flash | sizjaşnamaz esegizif you all won't flash | alajaşnamaz eseleif they won't flash |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjaşnarıq esemif I am going to flash | senjaşnarıq eseŋif you are going to flash | oljaşnarıq eseif he is going to flash | bizjaşnarıq esekif we are going to flash | sizjaşnarıq esegizif you all are going to flash | alajaşnarıq eseleif they are going to flash |
| Conditional, future | menjaşnarıq tül esemif I am not going to flash | senjaşnarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to flash | oljaşnarıq tül eseif he is not going to flash | bizjaşnarıq tül esekif we are not going to flash | sizjaşnarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to flash | alajaşnarıq tül eseleif they are not going to flash |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjaşnarıq bolsamif I were going to flash | senjaşnarıq bolsaŋif you were going to flash | oljaşnarıq bolsaif he were going to flash | bizjaşnarıq bolsaqif we were going to flash | sizjaşnarıq bolsağızif you all were going to flash | alajaşnarıq bolsalaif they were going to flash |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjaşnamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to flash | senjaşnamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to flash | oljaşnamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to flash | bizjaşnamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to flash | sizjaşnamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to flash | alajaşnamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to flash |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jaşnadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjaşnay bolurmaI must be flashing | senjaşnay bolursayou must be flashing | oljaşnay bolurhe must be flashing | bizjaşnay bolurbuzwe must be flashing | sizjaşnay bolursuzyou all must be flashing | alajaşnay bolurlathey must be flashing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjaşnamay bolurmaI must not be flashing | senjaşnamay bolursayou must not be flashing | oljaşnamay bolurhe must not be flashing | bizjaşnamay bolurbuzwe must not be flashing | sizjaşnamay bolursuzyou all must not be flashing | alajaşnamay bolurlathey must not be flashing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjaşnay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of flashing | senjaşnay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of flashing | oljaşnay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of flashing | bizjaşnay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of flashing | sizjaşnay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of flashing | alajaşnay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of flashing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjaşnamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not flashing | senjaşnamay tura bolursayou must keep on not flashing | oljaşnamay tura bolurhe must keep on not flashing | bizjaşnamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not flashing | sizjaşnamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not flashing | alajaşnamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not flashing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjaşnağan bolurmaI must have flashed | senjaşnağan bolursayou must have flashed | oljaşnağan bolurhe must have flashed | bizjaşnağan bolurbuzwe must have flashed | sizjaşnağan bolursuzyou all must have flashed | alajaşnağan bolurlathey must have flashed |
| Inference (must have) | menjaşnamağan bolurmaI must not have flashed | senjaşnamağan bolursayou must not have flashed | oljaşnamağan bolurhe must not have flashed | bizjaşnamağan bolurbuzwe must not have flashed | sizjaşnamağan bolursuzyou all must not have flashed | alajaşnamağan bolurlathey must not have flashed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjaşnarıq bolurmaI must be going to flash | senjaşnarıq bolursayou must be going to flash | oljaşnarıq bolurhe must be going to flash | bizjaşnarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to flash | sizjaşnarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to flash | alajaşnarıq bolurlathey must be going to flash |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjaşnamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to flash | senjaşnamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to flash | oljaşnamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to flash | bizjaşnamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to flash | sizjaşnamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to flash | alajaşnamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to flash |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjaşnayımlet me flash | senjaşna!flash! | oljaşnasınlet him flash | bizjaşnayıqlet's flash | sizjaşnağız!flash, you all! | alajaşnasınlalet them flash |
| Commands & suggestions | menjaşnamayımlet me not flash | senjaşnama!don't flash! | oljaşnamasınlet him not flash | bizjaşnamayıqlet's not flash | sizjaşnamağız!don't flash, you all! | alajaşnamasınlalet them not flash |
| Commands & suggestions | menjaşnayımmı?shall I flash? | oljaşnasınmı?should he flash? | bizjaşnayıqmı?shall we flash? | alajaşnasınlamı?should they flash? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjaşnamayımmı?shall I not flash? | oljaşnamasınmı?should he not flash? | bizjaşnamayıqmı?shall we not flash? | alajaşnamasınlamı?should they not flash? | ||
| Requests | senjaşnaçı2jaşnaçınplease flash | oljaşnasınçıdo let him flash | sizjaşnaçığızplease flash (plural/polite) | alajaşnasınlaçıdo let them flash | ||
| Requests | senjaşnamaçı2jaşnamaçınplease don't flash | oljaşnamasınçıdo let him not flash | sizjaşnamaçığızplease don't flash (plural/polite) | alajaşnamasınlaçıdo let them not flash | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjaşnağınjaşnağımay you flash | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjaşnamağınjaşnamağımay you not flash | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjaşnağay edim jaşnağa edimwould that I flashed | senjaşnağay ediŋ jaşnağa ediŋwould that you flashed | oljaşnağay edi jaşnağa ediwould that he flashed | bizjaşnağay edik jaşnağa edikwould that we flashed | sizjaşnağay edigiz jaşnağa edigizwould that you all flashed | alajaşnağay edile jaşnağa edilewould that they flashed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjaşnamağay edim jaşnamağa edimwould that I did not flash | senjaşnamağay ediŋ jaşnamağa ediŋwould that you did not flash | oljaşnamağay edi jaşnamağa ediwould that he did not flash | bizjaşnamağay edik jaşnamağa edikwould that we did not flash | sizjaşnamağay edigiz jaşnamağa edigizwould that you all did not flash | alajaşnamağay edile jaşnamağa edilewould that they did not flash |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaşnamağa qoyayımjaşnama qoyayımlet me allow someone to flash | senjaşnamağa qoy!jaşnama qoy!let someone flash! | oljaşnamağa qoysunjaşnama qoysunlet him allow someone to flash | bizjaşnamağa qoyayıqjaşnama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to flash | sizjaşnamağa qoyuğuz!jaşnama qoyuğuz!let someone flash, you all! | alajaşnamağa qoysunlajaşnama qoysunlalet them allow someone to flash |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaşnamağa qoymayımjaşnama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to flash | senjaşnamağa qoyma!jaşnama qoyma!don't let someone flash! | oljaşnamağa qoymasınjaşnama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to flash | bizjaşnamağa qoymayıqjaşnama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to flash | sizjaşnamağa qoymağız!jaşnama qoymağız!don't let someone flash, you all! | alajaşnamağa qoymasınlajaşnama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to flash |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaşnamağa qoyayımmı?jaşnama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to flash? | oljaşnamağa qoysunmu?jaşnama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to flash? | bizjaşnamağa qoyayıqmı?jaşnama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to flash? | alajaşnamağa qoysunlamı?jaşnama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to flash? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaşnamağa qoymayımmı?jaşnama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to flash? | oljaşnamağa qoymasınmı?jaşnama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to flash? | bizjaşnamağa qoymayıqmı?jaşnama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to flash? | alajaşnamağa qoymasınlamı?jaşnama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to flash? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjaşnamağa qoyamajaşnama qoyamaI allow someone to flash | senjaşnamağa qoyasajaşnama qoyasayou allow someone to flash | oljaşnamağa qoyadıjaşnama qoyadıhe allows someone to flash | bizjaşnamağa qoyabızjaşnama qoyabızwe allow someone to flash | sizjaşnamağa qoyasızjaşnama qoyasızyou all allow someone to flash | alajaşnamağa qoyadılajaşnama qoyadılathey allow someone to flash |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaşnamağa qoymaymajaşnama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to flash | senjaşnamağa qoymaysajaşnama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to flash | oljaşnamağa qoymaydıjaşnama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to flash | bizjaşnamağa qoymaybızjaşnama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to flash | sizjaşnamağa qoymaysızjaşnama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to flash | alajaşnamağa qoymaydılajaşnama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to flash |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaşnamağa qoyamamı?jaşnama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to flash? | senjaşnamağa qoyamısa?jaşnama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to flash? | oljaşnamağa qoyamıdı?jaşnama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to flash? | bizjaşnamağa qoyabızmı?jaşnama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to flash? | sizjaşnamağa qoyamısız?jaşnama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to flash? | alajaşnamağa qoyamıdıla?jaşnama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to flash? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaşnamağa qoymaymamı?jaşnama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to flash? | senjaşnamağa qoymaymısa?jaşnama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to flash? | oljaşnamağa qoymaymıdı?jaşnama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to flash? | bizjaşnamağa qoymaybızmı?jaşnama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to flash? | sizjaşnamağa qoymaymısız?jaşnama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to flash? | alajaşnamağa qoymaymıdıla?jaşnama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to flash? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaşnamağa qoydumjaşnama qoydumI allowed someone to flash | senjaşnamağa qoyduŋjaşnama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to flash | oljaşnamağa qoydujaşnama qoyduhe allowed someone to flash | bizjaşnamağa qoyduqjaşnama qoyduqwe allowed someone to flash | sizjaşnamağa qoyduğuzjaşnama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to flash | alajaşnamağa qoydulajaşnama qoydulathey allowed someone to flash |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaşnamağa qoymadımjaşnama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to flash | senjaşnamağa qoymadıŋjaşnama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to flash | oljaşnamağa qoymadıjaşnama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to flash | bizjaşnamağa qoymadıqjaşnama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to flash | sizjaşnamağa qoymadığızjaşnama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to flash | alajaşnamağa qoymadılajaşnama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to flash |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaşnamağa qoydummu?jaşnama qoydummu?did I allow someone to flash? | senjaşnamağa qoyduŋmu?jaşnama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to flash? | oljaşnamağa qoydumu?jaşnama qoydumu?did he allow someone to flash? | bizjaşnamağa qoyduqmu?jaşnama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to flash? | sizjaşnamağa qoyduğuzmu?jaşnama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to flash? | alajaşnamağa qoydulamı?jaşnama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to flash? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaşnamağa qoymadımmı?jaşnama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to flash? | senjaşnamağa qoymadıŋmı?jaşnama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to flash? | oljaşnamağa qoymadımı?jaşnama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to flash? | bizjaşnamağa qoymadıqmı?jaşnama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to flash? | sizjaşnamağa qoymadığızmı?jaşnama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to flash? | alajaşnamağa qoymadılamı?jaşnama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to flash? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jaşnayalırğa be able to flash · jaşnayalmazğa be unable to flash
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjaşnayalamaI can flash | senjaşnayalasayou can flash | oljaşnayaladıhe can flash | bizjaşnayalabızwe can flash | sizjaşnayalasızyou all can flash | alajaşnayaladılathey can flash |
| Ability — present | menjaşnayalmaymaI can't flash | senjaşnayalmaysayou can't flash | oljaşnayalmaydıhe can't flash | bizjaşnayalmaybızwe can't flash | sizjaşnayalmaysızyou all can't flash | alajaşnayalmaydılathey can't flash |
| Ability — present | menjaşnayalamamı? jaşnayalamıma?can I flash? | senjaşnayalamısa?can you flash? | oljaşnayalamıdı?can he flash? | bizjaşnayalabızmı? jaşnayalamıbız?can we flash? | sizjaşnayalamısız?can you all flash? | alajaşnayalamıdıla?can they flash? |
| Ability — present | menjaşnayalmaymamı? jaşnayalmaymıma?can't I flash? | senjaşnayalmaymısa?can't you flash? | oljaşnayalmaymıdı?can't he flash? | bizjaşnayalmaybızmı? jaşnayalmaymıbız?can't we flash? | sizjaşnayalmaymısız?can't you all flash? | alajaşnayalmaymıdıla?can't they flash? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjaşnayalsamif I can flash | senjaşnayalsaŋif you can flash | oljaşnayalsaif he can flash | bizjaşnayalsaqif we can flash | sizjaşnayalsağızif you all can flash | alajaşnayalsalaif they can flash |
| Ability — if I can… | menjaşnayalmasamif I can't flash | senjaşnayalmasaŋif you can't flash | oljaşnayalmasaif he can't flash | bizjaşnayalmasaqif we can't flash | sizjaşnayalmasağızif you all can't flash | alajaşnayalmasalaif they can't flash |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjaşnayaldımI was able to flash | senjaşnayaldıŋyou were able to flash | oljaşnayaldıhe was able to flash | bizjaşnayaldıqwe were able to flash | sizjaşnayaldığızyou all were able to flash | alajaşnayaldılathey were able to flash |
| Ability — simple past | menjaşnayalmadımI could not flash | senjaşnayalmadıŋyou could not flash | oljaşnayalmadıhe could not flash | bizjaşnayalmadıqwe could not flash | sizjaşnayalmadığızyou all could not flash | alajaşnayalmadılathey could not flash |
| Ability — simple past | menjaşnayaldımmı?was I able to flash? | senjaşnayaldıŋmı?were you able to flash? | oljaşnayaldımı?was he able to flash? | bizjaşnayaldıqmı?were we able to flash? | sizjaşnayaldığızmı?were you all able to flash? | alajaşnayaldılamı?were they able to flash? |
| Ability — simple past | menjaşnayalmadımmı?couldn't I flash? | senjaşnayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you flash? | oljaşnayalmadımı?couldn't he flash? | bizjaşnayalmadıqmı?couldn't we flash? | sizjaşnayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all flash? | alajaşnayalmadılamı?couldn't they flash? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaşnayalğanmaI have been able to flash | senjaşnayalğansayou have been able to flash | oljaşnayalğandıhe has been able to flash | bizjaşnayalğanbızwe have been able to flash | sizjaşnayalğansızyou all have been able to flash | alajaşnayalğandılathey have been able to flash |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaşnayalmağanmaI haven't been able to flash | senjaşnayalmağansayou haven't been able to flash | oljaşnayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to flash | bizjaşnayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to flash | sizjaşnayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to flash | alajaşnayalmağandılathey haven't been able to flash |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaşnayalğanmamı? jaşnayalğanmıma?have I been able to flash? | senjaşnayalğanmısa?have you been able to flash? | oljaşnayalğanmıdı?has he been able to flash? | bizjaşnayalğanbızmı? jaşnayalğanmıbız?have we been able to flash? | sizjaşnayalğanmısız?have you all been able to flash? | alajaşnayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to flash? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaşnayalmağanmamı? jaşnayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to flash? | senjaşnayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to flash? | oljaşnayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to flash? | bizjaşnayalmağanbızmı? jaşnayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to flash? | sizjaşnayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to flash? | alajaşnayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to flash? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjaşnayalğan edimjaşnayalğanemI had been able to flash | senjaşnayalğan ediŋjaşnayalğaneŋyou had been able to flash | oljaşnayalğan edijaşnayalğanedhe had been able to flash | bizjaşnayalğan edikjaşnayalğanekwe had been able to flash | sizjaşnayalğan edigizjaşnayalğanegizyou all had been able to flash | alajaşnayalğan edilejaşnayalğanellethey had been able to flash |
| Ability — past perfect | menjaşnayalmağan edimjaşnayalmağanemI hadn't been able to flash | senjaşnayalmağan ediŋjaşnayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to flash | oljaşnayalmağan edijaşnayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to flash | bizjaşnayalmağan edikjaşnayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to flash | sizjaşnayalmağan edigizjaşnayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to flash | alajaşnayalmağan edilejaşnayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to flash |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjaşnayala edimjaşnayalaemI could flash | senjaşnayala ediŋjaşnayalaeŋyou could flash | oljaşnayala edijaşnayalaedhe could flash | bizjaşnayala edikjaşnayalaekwe could flash | sizjaşnayala edigizjaşnayalaegizyou all could flash | alajaşnayala edilejaşnayalaellethey could flash |
| Ability — past background | menjaşnayalmay edimjaşnayalmayemI could not flash | senjaşnayalmay ediŋjaşnayalmayeŋyou could not flash | oljaşnayalmay edijaşnayalmayedhe could not flash | bizjaşnayalmay edikjaşnayalmayekwe could not flash | sizjaşnayalmay edigizjaşnayalmayegizyou all could not flash | alajaşnayalmay edilejaşnayalmayellethey could not flash |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjaşnayalırmaI will be able to flash | senjaşnayalırsayou will be able to flash | oljaşnayalırhe will be able to flash | bizjaşnayalırbızwe will be able to flash | sizjaşnayalırsızyou all will be able to flash | alajaşnayalırlathey will be able to flash |
| Ability — future I | menjaşnayalmazmaI won't be able to flash | senjaşnayalmazsayou won't be able to flash | oljaşnayalmazhe won't be able to flash | bizjaşnayalmazbızwe won't be able to flash | sizjaşnayalmazsızyou all won't be able to flash | alajaşnayalmazlathey won't be able to flash |
| Ability — future I | menjaşnayalırmamı? jaşnayalırmıma?will I be able to flash? | senjaşnayalırmısa?will you be able to flash? | oljaşnayalırmı?will he be able to flash? | bizjaşnayalırbızmı? jaşnayalırmıbız?will we be able to flash? | sizjaşnayalırmısız?will you all be able to flash? | alajaşnayalırlamı? jaşnayalırmıla?will they be able to flash? |
| Ability — future I | menjaşnayalmazmamı? jaşnayalmazmıma?won't I be able to flash? | senjaşnayalmazmısa?won't you be able to flash? | oljaşnayalmazmı?won't he be able to flash? | bizjaşnayalmazbızmı? jaşnayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to flash? | sizjaşnayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to flash? | alajaşnayalmazlamı? jaşnayalmazmıla?won't they be able to flash? |
| Ability — future II | menjaşnayallıqmaI am going to be able to flash | senjaşnayallıqsayou are going to be able to flash | oljaşnayallıqdıhe is going to be able to flash | bizjaşnayallıqbızwe are going to be able to flash | sizjaşnayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to flash | alajaşnayallıqdılathey are going to be able to flash |
| Ability — future II | menjaşnayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to flash | senjaşnayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to flash | oljaşnayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to flash | bizjaşnayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to flash | sizjaşnayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to flash | alajaşnayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to flash |
| Ability — future II | menjaşnayallıqmamı? jaşnayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to flash? | senjaşnayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to flash? | oljaşnayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to flash? | bizjaşnayallıqbızmı? jaşnayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to flash? | sizjaşnayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to flash? | alajaşnayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to flash? |
| Ability — future II | menjaşnayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to flash? | senjaşnayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to flash? | oljaşnayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to flash? | bizjaşnayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to flash? | sizjaşnayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to flash? | alajaşnayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to flash? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjaşnayalır edimjaşnayalır emI would be able to flash | senjaşnayalır ediŋjaşnayalır eŋyou would be able to flash | oljaşnayalır edijaşnayalır edhe would be able to flash | bizjaşnayalır edikjaşnayalır ekwe would be able to flash | sizjaşnayalır edigizjaşnayalır egizyou all would be able to flash | alajaşnayalır edilejaşnayalır ellethey would be able to flash |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjaşnayalmaz edimjaşnayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to flash | senjaşnayalmaz ediŋjaşnayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to flash | oljaşnayalmaz edijaşnayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to flash | bizjaşnayalmaz edikjaşnayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to flash | sizjaşnayalmaz edigizjaşnayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to flash | alajaşnayalmaz edilejaşnayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to flash |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjaşnayalğınjaşnayalğımay you be able to flash | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjaşnayalmağınjaşnayalmağımay you not be able to flash | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjaşnarğa izleymeI want to flash | senjaşnarğa izleyseyou want to flash | oljaşnarğa izleydihe wants to flash | bizjaşnarğa izleybizwe want to flash | sizjaşnarğa izleysizyou all want to flash | alajaşnarğa izleydilethey want to flash |
| want to | menjaşnarğa izlemeymeI do not want to flash | senjaşnarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to flash | oljaşnarğa izlemeydihe does not want to flash | bizjaşnarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to flash | sizjaşnarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to flash | alajaşnarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to flash |
| would like to | menjaşnarğa süemeI would like to flash | senjaşnarğa süeseyou would like to flash | oljaşnarğa süedihe would like to flash | bizjaşnarğa süebizwe would like to flash | sizjaşnarğa süesizyou all would like to flash | alajaşnarğa süedilethey would like to flash |
| would like to | menjaşnarğa süymeymeI would not like to flash | senjaşnarğa süymeyseyou would not like to flash | oljaşnarğa süymeydihe would not like to flash | bizjaşnarğa süymeybizwe would not like to flash | sizjaşnarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to flash | alajaşnarğa süymeydilethey would not like to flash |
| hope to | menjaşnarğa umutlanamaI hope to flash | senjaşnarğa umutlanasayou hope to flash | oljaşnarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to flash | bizjaşnarğa umutlanabızwe hope to flash | sizjaşnarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to flash | alajaşnarğa umutlanadılathey hope to flash |
| hope to | menjaşnarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to flash | senjaşnarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to flash | oljaşnarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to flash | bizjaşnarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to flash | sizjaşnarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to flash | alajaşnarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to flash |
| be about to | menjaşnarğa deb turamaI am about to flash | senjaşnarğa deb turasayou are about to flash | oljaşnarğa deb turadıhe is about to flash | bizjaşnarğa deb turabızwe are about to flash | sizjaşnarğa deb turasızyou all are about to flash | alajaşnarğa deb turadılathey are about to flash |
| be about to | menjaşnarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to flash | senjaşnarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to flash | oljaşnarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to flash | bizjaşnarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to flash | sizjaşnarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to flash | alajaşnarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to flash |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjaşnarğa kerekmeI need to flash | senjaşnarğa kerekseyou need to flash | oljaşnarğa kerekdihe needs to flash | bizjaşnarğa kerekbizwe need to flash | sizjaşnarğa kereksizyou all need to flash | alajaşnarğa kerekdilethey need to flash |
| need to | menjaşnarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to flash | senjaşnarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to flash | oljaşnarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to flash | bizjaşnarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to flash | sizjaşnarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to flash | alajaşnarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to flash |
| have to | menmenŋe jaşnarğa tüşediI have to flash | sensenŋe jaşnarğa tüşediyou have to flash | olaŋa jaşnarğa tüşedihe has to flash | bizbizge jaşnarğa tüşediwe have to flash | sizsizge jaşnarğa tüşediyou all have to flash | alaalağa jaşnarğa tüşedithey have to flash |
| have to | menmenŋe jaşnarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to flash | sensenŋe jaşnarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to flash | olaŋa jaşnarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to flash | bizbizge jaşnarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to flash | sizsizge jaşnarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to flash | alaalağa jaşnarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to flash |
| be obliged to | menjaşnarğa borçlumaI am obliged to flash | senjaşnarğa borçlusayou are obliged to flash | oljaşnarğa borçluduhe is obliged to flash | bizjaşnarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to flash | sizjaşnarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to flash | alajaşnarğa borçludulathey are obliged to flash |
| be obliged to | menjaşnarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to flash | senjaşnarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to flash | oljaşnarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to flash | bizjaşnarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to flash | sizjaşnarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to flash | alajaşnarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to flash |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjaşnarğa madarım bardıI have a way to flash | senjaşnarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to flash | oljaşnarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to flash | bizjaşnarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to flash | sizjaşnarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to flash | alajaşnarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to flash |
| have a way to | menjaşnarğa madarım joqduI have no way to flash | senjaşnarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to flash | oljaşnarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to flash | bizjaşnarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to flash | sizjaşnarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to flash | alajaşnarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to flash |
| be free to | menjaşnarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to flash | senjaşnarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to flash | oljaşnarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to flash | bizjaşnarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to flash | sizjaşnarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to flash | alajaşnarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to flash |
| be free to | menjaşnarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to flash | senjaşnarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to flash | oljaşnarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to flash | bizjaşnarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to flash | sizjaşnarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to flash | alajaşnarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to flash |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jaşnarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to flash | sensenŋe jaşnarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to flash | olaŋa jaşnarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to flash | bizbizge jaşnarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to flash | sizsizge jaşnarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to flash | alaalağa jaşnarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to flash |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jaşnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to flash | sensenŋe jaşnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to flash | olaŋa jaşnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to flash | bizbizge jaşnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to flash | sizsizge jaşnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to flash | alaalağa jaşnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to flash |
| be ready to | menjaşnarğa hazırmaI am ready to flash | senjaşnarğa hazırsayou are ready to flash | oljaşnarğa hazırdıhe is ready to flash | bizjaşnarğa hazırbızwe are ready to flash | sizjaşnarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to flash | alajaşnarğa hazırdılathey are ready to flash |
| be ready to | menjaşnarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to flash | senjaşnarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to flash | oljaşnarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to flash | bizjaşnarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to flash | sizjaşnarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to flash | alajaşnarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to flash |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjaşnarğa küreşemeI am trying to flash | senjaşnarğa küreşeseyou are trying to flash | oljaşnarğa küreşedihe is trying to flash | bizjaşnarğa küreşebizwe are trying to flash | sizjaşnarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to flash | alajaşnarğa küreşedilethey are trying to flash |
| try to | menjaşnarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to flash | senjaşnarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to flash | oljaşnarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to flash | bizjaşnarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to flash | sizjaşnarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to flash | alajaşnarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to flash |
| agree to | menjaşnarğa unaymaI agree to flash | senjaşnarğa unaysayou agree to flash | oljaşnarğa unaydıhe agrees to flash | bizjaşnarğa unaybızwe agree to flash | sizjaşnarğa unaysızyou all agree to flash | alajaşnarğa unaydılathey agree to flash |
| agree to | menjaşnarğa unamaymaI refuse to flash | senjaşnarğa unamaysayou refuse to flash | oljaşnarğa unamaydıhe refuses to flash | bizjaşnarğa unamaybızwe refuse to flash | sizjaşnarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to flash | alajaşnarğa unamaydılathey refuse to flash |
| hurry to | menjaşnarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to flash | senjaşnarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to flash | oljaşnarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to flash | bizjaşnarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to flash | sizjaşnarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to flash | alajaşnarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to flash |
| hurry to | menjaşnarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to flash | senjaşnarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to flash | oljaşnarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to flash | bizjaşnarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to flash | sizjaşnarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to flash | alajaşnarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to flash |
| be afraid to | menjaşnarğa qorqamaI am afraid to flash | senjaşnarğa qorqasayou are afraid to flash | oljaşnarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to flash | bizjaşnarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to flash | sizjaşnarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to flash | alajaşnarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to flash |
| be afraid to | menjaşnarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to flash | senjaşnarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to flash | oljaşnarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to flash | bizjaşnarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to flash | sizjaşnarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to flash | alajaşnarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to flash |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjaşnay bolmazmaI can't be flashing | senjaşnay bolmazsayou can't be flashing | oljaşnay bolmazhe can't be flashing | bizjaşnay bolmazbızwe can't be flashing | sizjaşnay bolmazsızyou all can't be flashing | alajaşnay bolmazlathey can't be flashing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjaşnamay bolmazmaI must be flashing (emphatic) | senjaşnamay bolmazsayou must be flashing (emphatic) | oljaşnamay bolmazhe must be flashing (emphatic) | bizjaşnamay bolmazbızwe must be flashing (emphatic) | sizjaşnamay bolmazsızyou all must be flashing (emphatic) | alajaşnamay bolmazlathey must be flashing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjaşnay turmasamif I don't keep flashing | senjaşnay turmasaŋif you don't keep flashing | oljaşnay turmasaif he doesn't keep flashing | bizjaşnay turmasaqif we don't keep flashing | sizjaşnay turmasağızif you all don't keep flashing | alajaşnay turmasalaif they don't keep flashing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjaşnay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of flashing | senjaşnay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of flashing | oljaşnay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of flashing | bizjaşnay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of flashing | sizjaşnay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of flashing | alajaşnay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of flashing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjaşnamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not flashing (emphatic) | senjaşnamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not flashing (emphatic) | oljaşnamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not flashing (emphatic) | bizjaşnamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not flashing (emphatic) | sizjaşnamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not flashing (emphatic) | alajaşnamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not flashing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjaşnamay turamaI keep on not flashing | senjaşnamay turasayou keep on not flashing | oljaşnamay turadıhe keeps on not flashing | bizjaşnamay turabızwe keep on not flashing | sizjaşnamay turasızyou all keep on not flashing | alajaşnamay turadılathey keep on not flashing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjaşnamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not flashing | senjaşnamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not flashing | oljaşnamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not flashing | bizjaşnamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not flashing | sizjaşnamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not flashing | alajaşnamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not flashing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjaşnamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not flashing? | senjaşnamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not flashing? | oljaşnamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not flashing? | bizjaşnamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not flashing? | sizjaşnamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not flashing? | alajaşnamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not flashing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjaşnağan bolmazmaI can't have flashed | senjaşnağan bolmazsayou can't have flashed | oljaşnağan bolmazhe can't have flashed | bizjaşnağan bolmazbızwe can't have flashed | sizjaşnağan bolmazsızyou all can't have flashed | alajaşnağan bolmazlathey can't have flashed |
| Inference — double negation | menjaşnamağan bolmazmaI must have flashed (emphatic) | senjaşnamağan bolmazsayou must have flashed (emphatic) | oljaşnamağan bolmazhe must have flashed (emphatic) | bizjaşnamağan bolmazbızwe must have flashed (emphatic) | sizjaşnamağan bolmazsızyou all must have flashed (emphatic) | alajaşnamağan bolmazlathey must have flashed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjaşnağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had flashed | senjaşnağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had flashed | oljaşnağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had flashed | bizjaşnağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had flashed | sizjaşnağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had flashed | alajaşnağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had flashed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjaşnamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't flashed | senjaşnamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't flashed | oljaşnamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't flashed | bizjaşnamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't flashed | sizjaşnamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't flashed | alajaşnamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't flashed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjaşnarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to flash | senjaşnarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to flash | oljaşnarıq bolmazhe can't be going to flash | bizjaşnarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to flash | sizjaşnarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to flash | alajaşnarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to flash |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjaşnamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to flash (emphatic) | senjaşnamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to flash (emphatic) | oljaşnamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to flash (emphatic) | bizjaşnamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to flash (emphatic) | sizjaşnamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to flash (emphatic) | alajaşnamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to flash (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjaşnarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to flash | senjaşnarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to flash | oljaşnarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to flash | bizjaşnarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to flash | sizjaşnarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to flash | alajaşnarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to flash |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjaşnamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to flash | senjaşnamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to flash | oljaşnamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to flash | bizjaşnamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to flash | sizjaşnamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to flash | alajaşnamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to flash |