jılarğa
/dʒɯlarʁa/
Balkar spelling: jilyarğa
1. cry, weep
- sabiy jılaydı — the child is crying
- jıları keledi — he is about to cry
- jılab başlarğa — to start crying
- sen nege jılab turasa? — why do you keep crying?
- keçegi bla köb jıladım — I cried a lot through the night
- jılab qoyarğa — to burst into tears
- qıçırıq etib jılarğa — to sob loudly
- jılamağan jaşha anası emçek salmaz — a mother does not give the breast to a child who does not cry
2. weep for, mourn — The person mourned is in the dative: ölgenŋe jılarğa "weep for the dead". one source
- ölgenŋe jılarğa — to weep for the dead
- anasına jıladı — she wept for her mother
- biz atabızğa jılaybız — we weep for our father
3. complain, whine — For example sen nege jılaysa "what are you whining about?" one source
- sen nege jılaysa? — what are you whining about?
4. rain — Said of the sky or of the rain itself. one source
- bügün kök jılaydı — today the sky is weeping
- kök jılaydı, tişirıw da jılaydı — the sky is weeping, and the woman is weeping too
- jaz başı jılay kelir — early spring will come weeping
- tünene kök jılağandı — yesterday the sky wept
- tambla kök jılarıqdı — tomorrow the sky will weep
Expressions
- taş-ağaç aşab jilyarğa — weep bitterly
- bek anası jilyamaz — caution prevents harm
- bir birge jilyamazlıq bolurğa — become enemies
- eki közü bla teŋ jilyarğa — weep bitterly
Conjugation
Common forms
- jılaydıhe is crying
- jıladıhe cried
- jılağandıhe has cried
- jılarhe will cry
- jılarıqdıhe is going to cry
- jılay edihe was crying
- jılasaif he cries
- jıla!cry!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjılaymaI am crying | senjılaysayou are crying | oljılaydıhe is crying | bizjılaybızwe are crying | sizjılaysızyou all are crying | alajılaydılathey are crying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjılamaymaI am not crying | senjılamaysayou are not crying | oljılamaydıhe is not crying | bizjılamaybızwe are not crying | sizjılamaysızyou all are not crying | alajılamaydılathey are not crying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjılaymamı? jılaymıma?am I crying? | senjılaymısa?are you crying? | oljılaymıdı?is he crying? | bizjılaybızmı? jılaymıbız?are we crying? | sizjılaymısız?are you all crying? | alajılaymıdıla?are they crying? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjılamaymamı? jılamaymıma?aren't I crying? | senjılamaymısa?aren't you crying? | oljılamaymıdı?isn't he crying? | bizjılamaybızmı? jılamaymıbız?aren't we crying? | sizjılamaymısız?aren't you all crying? | alajılamaymıdıla?aren't they crying? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjılawçanmaI usually cry | senjılawçansayou usually cry | oljılawçandıhe usually cries | bizjılawçanbızwe usually cry | sizjılawçansızyou all usually cry | alajılawçandılathey usually cry |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjılamawçanmaI usually don't cry | senjılamawçansayou usually don't cry | oljılamawçandıhe usually doesn't cry | bizjılamawçanbızwe usually don't cry | sizjılamawçansızyou all usually don't cry | alajılamawçandılathey usually don't cry |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjılawçanmamı? jılawçanmıma?do I usually cry? | senjılawçanmısa?do you usually cry? | oljılawçanmıdı?does he usually cry? | bizjılawçanbızmı? jılawçanmıbız?do we usually cry? | sizjılawçanmısız?do you all usually cry? | alajılawçanmıdıla?do they usually cry? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjılamawçanmamı? jılamawçanmıma?do I usually not cry? | senjılamawçanmısa?do you usually not cry? | oljılamawçanmıdı?does he usually not cry? | bizjılamawçanbızmı? jılamawçanmıbız?do we usually not cry? | sizjılamawçanmısız?do you all usually not cry? | alajılamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not cry? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljılabdıhe has cried and remains so | alajılabdılathey have cried and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljılabmıdı?has he cried? | alajılabmıdıla?have they cried? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjılab turamaI keep crying | senjılab turasayou keep crying | oljılab turadıhe keeps crying | bizjılab turabızwe keep crying | sizjılab turasızyou all keep crying | alajılab turadılathey keep crying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjılab turmaymaI don't keep crying | senjılab turmaysayou don't keep crying | oljılab turmaydıhe doesn't keep crying | bizjılab turmaybızwe don't keep crying | sizjılab turmaysızyou all don't keep crying | alajılab turmaydılathey don't keep crying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjılab turamamı? jılab turamıma?do I keep crying? | senjılab turamısa?do you keep crying? | oljılab turamıdı?does he keep crying? | bizjılab turabızmı? jılab turamıbız?do we keep crying? | sizjılab turamısız?do you all keep crying? | alajılab turamıdıla?do they keep crying? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjılab turmaymamı? jılab turmaymıma?don't I keep crying? | senjılab turmaymısa?don't you keep crying? | oljılab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep crying? | bizjılab turmaybızmı? jılab turmaymıbız?don't we keep crying? | sizjılab turmaymısız?don't you all keep crying? | alajılab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep crying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjılay turamaI am in the middle of crying | senjılay turasayou are in the middle of crying | oljılay turadıhe is in the middle of crying | bizjılay turabızwe are in the middle of crying | sizjılay turasızyou all are in the middle of crying | alajılay turadılathey are in the middle of crying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjılay turmaymaI am not in the middle of crying | senjılay turmaysayou are not in the middle of crying | oljılay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of crying | bizjılay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of crying | sizjılay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of crying | alajılay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of crying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjılay turamamı? jılay turamıma?am I in the middle of crying? | senjılay turamısa?are you in the middle of crying? | oljılay turamıdı?is he in the middle of crying? | bizjılay turabızmı? jılay turamıbız?are we in the middle of crying? | sizjılay turamısız?are you all in the middle of crying? | alajılay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of crying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjılay turmaymamı? jılay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of crying? | senjılay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of crying? | oljılay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of crying? | bizjılay turmaybızmı? jılay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of crying? | sizjılay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of crying? | alajılay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of crying? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıladımI cried | senjıladıŋyou cried | oljıladıhe cried | bizjıladıqwe cried | sizjıladığızyou all cried | alajıladılathey cried |
| Simple past (definite) | menjılamadımI didn't cry | senjılamadıŋyou didn't cry | oljılamadıhe didn't cry | bizjılamadıqwe didn't cry | sizjılamadığızyou all didn't cry | alajılamadılathey didn't cry |
| Simple past (definite) | menjıladımmı?did I cry? | senjıladıŋmı?did you cry? | oljıladımı?did he cry? | bizjıladıqmı?did we cry? | sizjıladığızmı?did you all cry? | alajıladılamı?did they cry? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjılamadımmı?didn't I cry? | senjılamadıŋmı?didn't you cry? | oljılamadımı?didn't he cry? | bizjılamadıqmı?didn't we cry? | sizjılamadığızmı?didn't you all cry? | alajılamadılamı?didn't they cry? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjılağanmaI have cried | senjılağansayou have cried | oljılağandıhe has cried | bizjılağanbızwe have cried | sizjılağansızyou all have cried | alajılağandılathey have cried |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjılamağanmaI haven't cried | senjılamağansayou haven't cried | oljılamağandıhe hasn't cried | bizjılamağanbızwe haven't cried | sizjılamağansızyou all haven't cried | alajılamağandılathey haven't cried |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjılağanmamı? jılağanmıma?have I cried? | senjılağanmısa?have you cried? | oljılağanmıdı?has he cried? | bizjılağanbızmı? jılağanmıbız?have we cried? | sizjılağanmısız?have you all cried? | alajılağanmıdıla?have they cried? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjılamağanmamı? jılamağanmıma?haven't I cried? | senjılamağanmısa?haven't you cried? | oljılamağanmıdı?hasn't he cried? | bizjılamağanbızmı? jılamağanmıbız?haven't we cried? | sizjılamağanmısız?haven't you all cried? | alajılamağanmıdıla?haven't they cried? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjılab turdumI kept crying | senjılab turduŋyou kept crying | oljılab turduhe kept crying | bizjılab turduqwe kept crying | sizjılab turduğuzyou all kept crying | alajılab turdulathey kept crying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjılab turmadımI didn't keep crying | senjılab turmadıŋyou didn't keep crying | oljılab turmadıhe didn't keep crying | bizjılab turmadıqwe didn't keep crying | sizjılab turmadığızyou all didn't keep crying | alajılab turmadılathey didn't keep crying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjılarmaI will cry | senjılarsayou will cry | oljılarhe will cry | bizjılarbızwe will cry | sizjılarsızyou all will cry | alajılarlathey will cry |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjılamazmaI won't cry | senjılamazsayou won't cry | oljılamazhe won't cry | bizjılamazbızwe won't cry | sizjılamazsızyou all won't cry | alajılamazlathey won't cry |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjılarmamı? jılarmıma?will I cry? | senjılarmısa?will you cry? | oljılarmı?will he cry? | bizjılarbızmı? jılarmıbız?will we cry? | sizjılarmısız?will you all cry? | alajılarlamı? jılarmıla?will they cry? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjılamazmamı? jılamazmıma?won't I cry? | senjılamazmısa?won't you cry? | oljılamazmı?won't he cry? | bizjılamazbızmı? jılamazmıbız?won't we cry? | sizjılamazmısız?won't you all cry? | alajılamazlamı? jılamazmıla?won't they cry? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjılarıqmaI am going to cry | senjılarıqsayou are going to cry | oljılarıqdıhe is going to cry | bizjılarıqbızwe are going to cry | sizjılarıqsızyou all are going to cry | alajılarıqdılathey are going to cry |
| Definite future (future II) | menjılarıq tülmeI am not going to cry | senjılarıq tülseyou are not going to cry | oljılarıq tüldühe is not going to cry | bizjılarıq tülbüzwe are not going to cry | sizjılarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to cry | alajılarıq tüldülethey are not going to cry |
| Definite future (future II) | menjılarıqmamı? jılarıqmıma?am I going to cry? | senjılarıqmısa?are you going to cry? | oljılarıqmıdı?is he going to cry? | bizjılarıqbızmı? jılarıqmıbız?are we going to cry? | sizjılarıqmısız?are you all going to cry? | alajılarıqmıdıla?are they going to cry? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjılarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to cry? | senjılarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to cry? | oljılarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to cry? | bizjılarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to cry? | sizjılarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to cry? | alajılarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to cry? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjılağan edimjılağanemI had cried | senjılağan ediŋjılağaneŋyou had cried | oljılağan edijılağanedhe had cried | bizjılağan edikjılağanekwe had cried | sizjılağan edigizjılağanegizyou all had cried | alajılağan edilejılağanellethey had cried |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjılamağan edimjılamağanemI hadn't cried | senjılamağan ediŋjılamağaneŋyou hadn't cried | oljılamağan edijılamağanedhe hadn't cried | bizjılamağan edikjılamağanekwe hadn't cried | sizjılamağan edigizjılamağanegizyou all hadn't cried | alajılamağan edilejılamağanellethey hadn't cried |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjılay edimjılayemI was crying | senjılay ediŋjılayeŋyou were crying | oljılay edijılayedhe was crying | bizjılay edikjılayekwe were crying | sizjılay edigizjılayegizyou all were crying | alajılay edilejılayellethey were crying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjılamay edimjılamayemI wasn't crying | senjılamay ediŋjılamayeŋyou weren't crying | oljılamay edijılamayedhe wasn't crying | bizjılamay edikjılamayekwe weren't crying | sizjılamay edigizjılamayegizyou all weren't crying | alajılamay edilejılamayellethey weren't crying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjılawçan edimjılawçanemI used to cry | senjılawçan ediŋjılawçaneŋyou used to cry | oljılawçan edijılawçanedhe used to cry | bizjılawçan edikjılawçanekwe used to cry | sizjılawçan edigizjılawçanegizyou all used to cry | alajılawçan edilejılawçanellethey used to cry |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjılamawçan edimjılamawçanemI didn't use to cry | senjılamawçan ediŋjılamawçaneŋyou didn't use to cry | oljılamawçan edijılamawçanedhe didn't use to cry | bizjılamawçan edikjılamawçanekwe didn't use to cry | sizjılamawçan edigizjılamawçanegizyou all didn't use to cry | alajılamawçan edilejılamawçanellethey didn't use to cry |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljılab edihe had cried and remained so | alajılab edilethey had cried and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljılab tül edihe hadn't cried | alajılab tül edilethey hadn't cried | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjılab tura edimjılab turaemI had kept crying | senjılab tura ediŋjılab turaeŋyou had kept crying | oljılab tura edijılab turaedhe had kept crying | bizjılab tura edikjılab turaekwe had kept crying | sizjılab tura edigizjılab turaegizyou all had kept crying | alajılab tura edilejılab turaellethey had kept crying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjılab turmay edimjılab turmayemI hadn't kept crying | senjılab turmay ediŋjılab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept crying | oljılab turmay edijılab turmayedhe hadn't kept crying | bizjılab turmay edikjılab turmayekwe hadn't kept crying | sizjılab turmay edigizjılab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept crying | alajılab turmay edilejılab turmayellethey hadn't kept crying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjılay tura edimjılay turaemI was in the middle of crying | senjılay tura ediŋjılay turaeŋyou were in the middle of crying | oljılay tura edijılay turaedhe was in the middle of crying | bizjılay tura edikjılay turaekwe were in the middle of crying | sizjılay tura edigizjılay turaegizyou all were in the middle of crying | alajılay tura edilejılay turaellethey were in the middle of crying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjılay turmay edimjılay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of crying | senjılay turmay ediŋjılay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of crying | oljılay turmay edijılay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of crying | bizjılay turmay edikjılay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of crying | sizjılay turmay edigizjılay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of crying | alajılay turmay edilejılay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of crying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjılar edimjılar emI would cry | senjılar ediŋjılar eŋyou would cry | oljılar edijılar edhe would cry | bizjılar edikjılar ekwe would cry | sizjılar edigizjılar egizyou all would cry | alajılar edilejılar ellethey would cry |
| Conditional result (would) | menjılamaz edimjılamaz emI wouldn't cry | senjılamaz ediŋjılamaz eŋyou wouldn't cry | oljılamaz edijılamaz edhe wouldn't cry | bizjılamaz edikjılamaz ekwe wouldn't cry | sizjılamaz edigizjılamaz egizyou all wouldn't cry | alajılamaz edilejılamaz ellethey wouldn't cry |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjılarıq edimjılarıq emI would have cried | senjılarıq ediŋjılarıq eŋyou would have cried | oljılarıq edijılarıq edhe would have cried | bizjılarıq edikjılarıq ekwe would have cried | sizjılarıq edigizjılarıq egizyou all would have cried | alajılarıq edilejılarıq ellethey would have cried |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjılarıq tül edimjılarıq tül emI wouldn't have cried | senjılarıq tül ediŋjılarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have cried | oljılarıq tül edijılarıq tül edhe wouldn't have cried | bizjılarıq tül edikjılarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have cried | sizjılarıq tül edigizjılarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have cried | alajılarıq tül edilejılarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have cried |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjılasamif I cry | senjılasaŋif you cry | oljılasaif he cries | bizjılasaqif we cry | sizjılasağızif you all cry | alajılasalaif they cry |
| Conditional | menjılamasamif I don't cry | senjılamasaŋif you don't cry | oljılamasaif he doesn't cry | bizjılamasaqif we don't cry | sizjılamasağızif you all don't cry | alajılamasalaif they don't cry |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjılay esemif I am crying | senjılay eseŋif you are crying | oljılay eseif he is crying | bizjılay esekif we are crying | sizjılay esegizif you all are crying | alajılay eseleif they are crying |
| Conditional, present real | menjılamay esemif I am not crying | senjılamay eseŋif you are not crying | oljılamay eseif he is not crying | bizjılamay esekif we are not crying | sizjılamay esegizif you all are not crying | alajılamay eseleif they are not crying |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjılasam edijılasam edif only I cried | senjılasaŋ edijılasaŋ edif only you cried | oljılasa edijılasaedif only he cried | bizjılasaq edijılasaq edif only we cried | sizjılasağız edijılasağız edif only you all cried | alajılasala edijılasalaedif only they cried |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjılamasam edijılamasam edif only I didn't cry | senjılamasaŋ edijılamasaŋ edif only you didn't cry | oljılamasa edijılamasaedif only he didn't cry | bizjılamasaq edijılamasaq edif only we didn't cry | sizjılamasağız edijılamasağız edif only you all didn't cry | alajılamasala edijılamasalaedif only they didn't cry |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjılab tursamif I carry on crying | senjılab tursaŋif you carry on crying | oljılab tursaif he carries on crying | bizjılab tursaqif we carry on crying | sizjılab tursağızif you all carry on crying | alajılab tursalaif they carry on crying |
| Durative conditional | menjılab turmasamif I don't carry on crying | senjılab turmasaŋif you don't carry on crying | oljılab turmasaif he doesn't carry on crying | bizjılab turmasaqif we don't carry on crying | sizjılab turmasağızif you all don't carry on crying | alajılab turmasalaif they don't carry on crying |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjılab tura esemif I have kept crying | senjılab tura eseŋif you have kept crying | oljılab tura eseif he has kept crying | bizjılab tura esekif we have kept crying | sizjılab tura esegizif you all have kept crying | alajılab tura eseleif they have kept crying |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjılab turmay esemif I haven't kept crying | senjılab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept crying | oljılab turmay eseif he hasn't kept crying | bizjılab turmay esekif we haven't kept crying | sizjılab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept crying | alajılab turmay eseleif they haven't kept crying |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjılay tursamif I keep crying | senjılay tursaŋif you keep crying | oljılay tursaif he keeps crying | bizjılay tursaqif we keep crying | sizjılay tursağızif you all keep crying | alajılay tursalaif they keep crying |
| Progressive conditional | menjılamay tursamif I keep on not crying | senjılamay tursaŋif you keep on not crying | oljılamay tursaif he keeps on not crying | bizjılamay tursaqif we keep on not crying | sizjılamay tursağızif you all keep on not crying | alajılamay tursalaif they keep on not crying |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjılay tura esemif I am in the middle of crying | senjılay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of crying | oljılay tura eseif he is in the middle of crying | bizjılay tura esekif we are in the middle of crying | sizjılay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of crying | alajılay tura eseleif they are in the middle of crying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjılamay tura esemif I keep on not crying | senjılamay tura eseŋif you keep on not crying | oljılamay tura eseif he keeps on not crying | bizjılamay tura esekif we keep on not crying | sizjılamay tura esegizif you all keep on not crying | alajılamay tura eseleif they keep on not crying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjıladım esemif I cried | senjıladıŋ eseŋif you cried | oljıladı eseif he cried | bizjıladıq esekif we cried | sizjıladığız esegizif you all cried | alajıladıla eseleif they cried |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjılamadım esemif I didn't cry | senjılamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't cry | oljılamadı eseif he didn't cry | bizjılamadıq esekif we didn't cry | sizjılamadığız esegizif you all didn't cry | alajılamadıla eseleif they didn't cry |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjılağan esemif I did cry (indeed) | senjılağan eseŋif you did cry (indeed) | oljılağan eseif he did cry (indeed) | bizjılağan esekif we did cry (indeed) | sizjılağan esegizif you all did cry (indeed) | alajılağan eseleif they did cry (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjılamağan esemif I didn't cry (indeed) | senjılamağan eseŋif you didn't cry (indeed) | oljılamağan eseif he didn't cry (indeed) | bizjılamağan esekif we didn't cry (indeed) | sizjılamağan esegizif you all didn't cry (indeed) | alajılamağan eseleif they didn't cry (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjılağan bolsamif I had cried | senjılağan bolsaŋif you had cried | oljılağan bolsaif he had cried | bizjılağan bolsaqif we had cried | sizjılağan bolsağızif you all had cried | alajılağan bolsalaif they had cried |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjılamağan bolsamif I hadn't cried | senjılamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't cried | oljılamağan bolsaif he hadn't cried | bizjılamağan bolsaqif we hadn't cried | sizjılamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't cried | alajılamağan bolsalaif they hadn't cried |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjılağan bolsam edijılağan bolsam edif only I had cried | senjılağan bolsaŋ edijılağan bolsaŋ edif only you had cried | oljılağan bolsa edijılağan bolsaedif only he had cried | bizjılağan bolsaq edijılağan bolsaq edif only we had cried | sizjılağan bolsağız edijılağan bolsağız edif only you all had cried | alajılağan bolsala edijılağan bolsalaedif only they had cried |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjılamağan bolsam edijılamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't cried | senjılamağan bolsaŋ edijılamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't cried | oljılamağan bolsa edijılamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't cried | bizjılamağan bolsaq edijılamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't cried | sizjılamağan bolsağız edijılamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't cried | alajılamağan bolsala edijılamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't cried |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjılar esemif I will cry | senjılar eseŋif you will cry | oljılar eseif he will cry | bizjılar esekif we will cry | sizjılar esegizif you all will cry | alajılar eseleif they will cry |
| Conditional, aorist | menjılamaz esemif I won't cry | senjılamaz eseŋif you won't cry | oljılamaz eseif he won't cry | bizjılamaz esekif we won't cry | sizjılamaz esegizif you all won't cry | alajılamaz eseleif they won't cry |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjılarıq esemif I am going to cry | senjılarıq eseŋif you are going to cry | oljılarıq eseif he is going to cry | bizjılarıq esekif we are going to cry | sizjılarıq esegizif you all are going to cry | alajılarıq eseleif they are going to cry |
| Conditional, future | menjılarıq tül esemif I am not going to cry | senjılarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to cry | oljılarıq tül eseif he is not going to cry | bizjılarıq tül esekif we are not going to cry | sizjılarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to cry | alajılarıq tül eseleif they are not going to cry |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjılarıq bolsamif I were going to cry | senjılarıq bolsaŋif you were going to cry | oljılarıq bolsaif he were going to cry | bizjılarıq bolsaqif we were going to cry | sizjılarıq bolsağızif you all were going to cry | alajılarıq bolsalaif they were going to cry |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjılamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to cry | senjılamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to cry | oljılamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to cry | bizjılamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to cry | sizjılamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to cry | alajılamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to cry |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jıladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjılay bolurmaI must be crying | senjılay bolursayou must be crying | oljılay bolurhe must be crying | bizjılay bolurbuzwe must be crying | sizjılay bolursuzyou all must be crying | alajılay bolurlathey must be crying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjılamay bolurmaI must not be crying | senjılamay bolursayou must not be crying | oljılamay bolurhe must not be crying | bizjılamay bolurbuzwe must not be crying | sizjılamay bolursuzyou all must not be crying | alajılamay bolurlathey must not be crying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjılay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of crying | senjılay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of crying | oljılay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of crying | bizjılay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of crying | sizjılay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of crying | alajılay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of crying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjılamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not crying | senjılamay tura bolursayou must keep on not crying | oljılamay tura bolurhe must keep on not crying | bizjılamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not crying | sizjılamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not crying | alajılamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not crying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjılağan bolurmaI must have cried | senjılağan bolursayou must have cried | oljılağan bolurhe must have cried | bizjılağan bolurbuzwe must have cried | sizjılağan bolursuzyou all must have cried | alajılağan bolurlathey must have cried |
| Inference (must have) | menjılamağan bolurmaI must not have cried | senjılamağan bolursayou must not have cried | oljılamağan bolurhe must not have cried | bizjılamağan bolurbuzwe must not have cried | sizjılamağan bolursuzyou all must not have cried | alajılamağan bolurlathey must not have cried |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjılarıq bolurmaI must be going to cry | senjılarıq bolursayou must be going to cry | oljılarıq bolurhe must be going to cry | bizjılarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to cry | sizjılarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to cry | alajılarıq bolurlathey must be going to cry |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjılamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to cry | senjılamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to cry | oljılamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to cry | bizjılamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to cry | sizjılamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to cry | alajılamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to cry |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjılayımlet me cry | senjıla!cry! | oljılasınlet him cry | bizjılayıqlet's cry | sizjılağız!cry, you all! | alajılasınlalet them cry |
| Commands & suggestions | menjılamayımlet me not cry | senjılama!don't cry! | oljılamasınlet him not cry | bizjılamayıqlet's not cry | sizjılamağız!don't cry, you all! | alajılamasınlalet them not cry |
| Commands & suggestions | menjılayımmı?shall I cry? | oljılasınmı?should he cry? | bizjılayıqmı?shall we cry? | alajılasınlamı?should they cry? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjılamayımmı?shall I not cry? | oljılamasınmı?should he not cry? | bizjılamayıqmı?shall we not cry? | alajılamasınlamı?should they not cry? | ||
| Requests | senjılaçı2jılaçınplease cry | oljılasınçıdo let him cry | sizjılaçığızplease cry (plural/polite) | alajılasınlaçıdo let them cry | ||
| Requests | senjılamaçı2jılamaçınplease don't cry | oljılamasınçıdo let him not cry | sizjılamaçığızplease don't cry (plural/polite) | alajılamasınlaçıdo let them not cry | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjılağınjılağımay you cry | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjılamağınjılamağımay you not cry | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjılağay edim jılağa edimwould that I cried | senjılağay ediŋ jılağa ediŋwould that you cried | oljılağay edi jılağa ediwould that he cried | bizjılağay edik jılağa edikwould that we cried | sizjılağay edigiz jılağa edigizwould that you all cried | alajılağay edile jılağa edilewould that they cried |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjılamağay edim jılamağa edimwould that I did not cry | senjılamağay ediŋ jılamağa ediŋwould that you did not cry | oljılamağay edi jılamağa ediwould that he did not cry | bizjılamağay edik jılamağa edikwould that we did not cry | sizjılamağay edigiz jılamağa edigizwould that you all did not cry | alajılamağay edile jılamağa edilewould that they did not cry |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjılamağa qoyayımjılama qoyayımlet me allow someone to cry | senjılamağa qoy!jılama qoy!let someone cry! | oljılamağa qoysunjılama qoysunlet him allow someone to cry | bizjılamağa qoyayıqjılama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to cry | sizjılamağa qoyuğuz!jılama qoyuğuz!let someone cry, you all! | alajılamağa qoysunlajılama qoysunlalet them allow someone to cry |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjılamağa qoymayımjılama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to cry | senjılamağa qoyma!jılama qoyma!don't let someone cry! | oljılamağa qoymasınjılama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to cry | bizjılamağa qoymayıqjılama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to cry | sizjılamağa qoymağız!jılama qoymağız!don't let someone cry, you all! | alajılamağa qoymasınlajılama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to cry |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjılamağa qoyayımmı?jılama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to cry? | oljılamağa qoysunmu?jılama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to cry? | bizjılamağa qoyayıqmı?jılama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to cry? | alajılamağa qoysunlamı?jılama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to cry? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjılamağa qoymayımmı?jılama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to cry? | oljılamağa qoymasınmı?jılama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to cry? | bizjılamağa qoymayıqmı?jılama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to cry? | alajılamağa qoymasınlamı?jılama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to cry? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjılamağa qoyamajılama qoyamaI allow someone to cry | senjılamağa qoyasajılama qoyasayou allow someone to cry | oljılamağa qoyadıjılama qoyadıhe allows someone to cry | bizjılamağa qoyabızjılama qoyabızwe allow someone to cry | sizjılamağa qoyasızjılama qoyasızyou all allow someone to cry | alajılamağa qoyadılajılama qoyadılathey allow someone to cry |
| Let someone… (present) | menjılamağa qoymaymajılama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to cry | senjılamağa qoymaysajılama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to cry | oljılamağa qoymaydıjılama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to cry | bizjılamağa qoymaybızjılama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to cry | sizjılamağa qoymaysızjılama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to cry | alajılamağa qoymaydılajılama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to cry |
| Let someone… (present) | menjılamağa qoyamamı?jılama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to cry? | senjılamağa qoyamısa?jılama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to cry? | oljılamağa qoyamıdı?jılama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to cry? | bizjılamağa qoyabızmı?jılama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to cry? | sizjılamağa qoyamısız?jılama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to cry? | alajılamağa qoyamıdıla?jılama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to cry? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjılamağa qoymaymamı?jılama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to cry? | senjılamağa qoymaymısa?jılama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to cry? | oljılamağa qoymaymıdı?jılama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to cry? | bizjılamağa qoymaybızmı?jılama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to cry? | sizjılamağa qoymaymısız?jılama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to cry? | alajılamağa qoymaymıdıla?jılama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to cry? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjılamağa qoydumjılama qoydumI allowed someone to cry | senjılamağa qoyduŋjılama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to cry | oljılamağa qoydujılama qoyduhe allowed someone to cry | bizjılamağa qoyduqjılama qoyduqwe allowed someone to cry | sizjılamağa qoyduğuzjılama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to cry | alajılamağa qoydulajılama qoydulathey allowed someone to cry |
| Let someone… (past) | menjılamağa qoymadımjılama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to cry | senjılamağa qoymadıŋjılama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to cry | oljılamağa qoymadıjılama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to cry | bizjılamağa qoymadıqjılama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to cry | sizjılamağa qoymadığızjılama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to cry | alajılamağa qoymadılajılama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to cry |
| Let someone… (past) | menjılamağa qoydummu?jılama qoydummu?did I allow someone to cry? | senjılamağa qoyduŋmu?jılama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to cry? | oljılamağa qoydumu?jılama qoydumu?did he allow someone to cry? | bizjılamağa qoyduqmu?jılama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to cry? | sizjılamağa qoyduğuzmu?jılama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to cry? | alajılamağa qoydulamı?jılama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to cry? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjılamağa qoymadımmı?jılama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to cry? | senjılamağa qoymadıŋmı?jılama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to cry? | oljılamağa qoymadımı?jılama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to cry? | bizjılamağa qoymadıqmı?jılama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to cry? | sizjılamağa qoymadığızmı?jılama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to cry? | alajılamağa qoymadılamı?jılama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to cry? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jılayalırğa be able to cry · jılayalmazğa be unable to cry
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjılayalamaI can cry | senjılayalasayou can cry | oljılayaladıhe can cry | bizjılayalabızwe can cry | sizjılayalasızyou all can cry | alajılayaladılathey can cry |
| Ability — present | menjılayalmaymaI can't cry | senjılayalmaysayou can't cry | oljılayalmaydıhe can't cry | bizjılayalmaybızwe can't cry | sizjılayalmaysızyou all can't cry | alajılayalmaydılathey can't cry |
| Ability — present | menjılayalamamı? jılayalamıma?can I cry? | senjılayalamısa?can you cry? | oljılayalamıdı?can he cry? | bizjılayalabızmı? jılayalamıbız?can we cry? | sizjılayalamısız?can you all cry? | alajılayalamıdıla?can they cry? |
| Ability — present | menjılayalmaymamı? jılayalmaymıma?can't I cry? | senjılayalmaymısa?can't you cry? | oljılayalmaymıdı?can't he cry? | bizjılayalmaybızmı? jılayalmaymıbız?can't we cry? | sizjılayalmaymısız?can't you all cry? | alajılayalmaymıdıla?can't they cry? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjılayalsamif I can cry | senjılayalsaŋif you can cry | oljılayalsaif he can cry | bizjılayalsaqif we can cry | sizjılayalsağızif you all can cry | alajılayalsalaif they can cry |
| Ability — if I can… | menjılayalmasamif I can't cry | senjılayalmasaŋif you can't cry | oljılayalmasaif he can't cry | bizjılayalmasaqif we can't cry | sizjılayalmasağızif you all can't cry | alajılayalmasalaif they can't cry |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjılayaldımI was able to cry | senjılayaldıŋyou were able to cry | oljılayaldıhe was able to cry | bizjılayaldıqwe were able to cry | sizjılayaldığızyou all were able to cry | alajılayaldılathey were able to cry |
| Ability — simple past | menjılayalmadımI could not cry | senjılayalmadıŋyou could not cry | oljılayalmadıhe could not cry | bizjılayalmadıqwe could not cry | sizjılayalmadığızyou all could not cry | alajılayalmadılathey could not cry |
| Ability — simple past | menjılayaldımmı?was I able to cry? | senjılayaldıŋmı?were you able to cry? | oljılayaldımı?was he able to cry? | bizjılayaldıqmı?were we able to cry? | sizjılayaldığızmı?were you all able to cry? | alajılayaldılamı?were they able to cry? |
| Ability — simple past | menjılayalmadımmı?couldn't I cry? | senjılayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you cry? | oljılayalmadımı?couldn't he cry? | bizjılayalmadıqmı?couldn't we cry? | sizjılayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all cry? | alajılayalmadılamı?couldn't they cry? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjılayalğanmaI have been able to cry | senjılayalğansayou have been able to cry | oljılayalğandıhe has been able to cry | bizjılayalğanbızwe have been able to cry | sizjılayalğansızyou all have been able to cry | alajılayalğandılathey have been able to cry |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjılayalmağanmaI haven't been able to cry | senjılayalmağansayou haven't been able to cry | oljılayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to cry | bizjılayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to cry | sizjılayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to cry | alajılayalmağandılathey haven't been able to cry |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjılayalğanmamı? jılayalğanmıma?have I been able to cry? | senjılayalğanmısa?have you been able to cry? | oljılayalğanmıdı?has he been able to cry? | bizjılayalğanbızmı? jılayalğanmıbız?have we been able to cry? | sizjılayalğanmısız?have you all been able to cry? | alajılayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to cry? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjılayalmağanmamı? jılayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to cry? | senjılayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to cry? | oljılayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to cry? | bizjılayalmağanbızmı? jılayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to cry? | sizjılayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to cry? | alajılayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to cry? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjılayalğan edimjılayalğanemI had been able to cry | senjılayalğan ediŋjılayalğaneŋyou had been able to cry | oljılayalğan edijılayalğanedhe had been able to cry | bizjılayalğan edikjılayalğanekwe had been able to cry | sizjılayalğan edigizjılayalğanegizyou all had been able to cry | alajılayalğan edilejılayalğanellethey had been able to cry |
| Ability — past perfect | menjılayalmağan edimjılayalmağanemI hadn't been able to cry | senjılayalmağan ediŋjılayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to cry | oljılayalmağan edijılayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to cry | bizjılayalmağan edikjılayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to cry | sizjılayalmağan edigizjılayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to cry | alajılayalmağan edilejılayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to cry |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjılayala edimjılayalaemI could cry | senjılayala ediŋjılayalaeŋyou could cry | oljılayala edijılayalaedhe could cry | bizjılayala edikjılayalaekwe could cry | sizjılayala edigizjılayalaegizyou all could cry | alajılayala edilejılayalaellethey could cry |
| Ability — past background | menjılayalmay edimjılayalmayemI could not cry | senjılayalmay ediŋjılayalmayeŋyou could not cry | oljılayalmay edijılayalmayedhe could not cry | bizjılayalmay edikjılayalmayekwe could not cry | sizjılayalmay edigizjılayalmayegizyou all could not cry | alajılayalmay edilejılayalmayellethey could not cry |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjılayalırmaI will be able to cry | senjılayalırsayou will be able to cry | oljılayalırhe will be able to cry | bizjılayalırbızwe will be able to cry | sizjılayalırsızyou all will be able to cry | alajılayalırlathey will be able to cry |
| Ability — future I | menjılayalmazmaI won't be able to cry | senjılayalmazsayou won't be able to cry | oljılayalmazhe won't be able to cry | bizjılayalmazbızwe won't be able to cry | sizjılayalmazsızyou all won't be able to cry | alajılayalmazlathey won't be able to cry |
| Ability — future I | menjılayalırmamı? jılayalırmıma?will I be able to cry? | senjılayalırmısa?will you be able to cry? | oljılayalırmı?will he be able to cry? | bizjılayalırbızmı? jılayalırmıbız?will we be able to cry? | sizjılayalırmısız?will you all be able to cry? | alajılayalırlamı? jılayalırmıla?will they be able to cry? |
| Ability — future I | menjılayalmazmamı? jılayalmazmıma?won't I be able to cry? | senjılayalmazmısa?won't you be able to cry? | oljılayalmazmı?won't he be able to cry? | bizjılayalmazbızmı? jılayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to cry? | sizjılayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to cry? | alajılayalmazlamı? jılayalmazmıla?won't they be able to cry? |
| Ability — future II | menjılayallıqmaI am going to be able to cry | senjılayallıqsayou are going to be able to cry | oljılayallıqdıhe is going to be able to cry | bizjılayallıqbızwe are going to be able to cry | sizjılayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to cry | alajılayallıqdılathey are going to be able to cry |
| Ability — future II | menjılayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to cry | senjılayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to cry | oljılayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to cry | bizjılayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to cry | sizjılayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to cry | alajılayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to cry |
| Ability — future II | menjılayallıqmamı? jılayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to cry? | senjılayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to cry? | oljılayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to cry? | bizjılayallıqbızmı? jılayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to cry? | sizjılayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to cry? | alajılayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to cry? |
| Ability — future II | menjılayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to cry? | senjılayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to cry? | oljılayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to cry? | bizjılayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to cry? | sizjılayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to cry? | alajılayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to cry? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjılayalır edimjılayalır emI would be able to cry | senjılayalır ediŋjılayalır eŋyou would be able to cry | oljılayalır edijılayalır edhe would be able to cry | bizjılayalır edikjılayalır ekwe would be able to cry | sizjılayalır edigizjılayalır egizyou all would be able to cry | alajılayalır edilejılayalır ellethey would be able to cry |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjılayalmaz edimjılayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to cry | senjılayalmaz ediŋjılayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to cry | oljılayalmaz edijılayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to cry | bizjılayalmaz edikjılayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to cry | sizjılayalmaz edigizjılayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to cry | alajılayalmaz edilejılayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to cry |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjılayalğınjılayalğımay you be able to cry | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjılayalmağınjılayalmağımay you not be able to cry | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjılarğa izleymeI want to cry | senjılarğa izleyseyou want to cry | oljılarğa izleydihe wants to cry | bizjılarğa izleybizwe want to cry | sizjılarğa izleysizyou all want to cry | alajılarğa izleydilethey want to cry |
| want to | menjılarğa izlemeymeI do not want to cry | senjılarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to cry | oljılarğa izlemeydihe does not want to cry | bizjılarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to cry | sizjılarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to cry | alajılarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to cry |
| would like to | menjılarğa süemeI would like to cry | senjılarğa süeseyou would like to cry | oljılarğa süedihe would like to cry | bizjılarğa süebizwe would like to cry | sizjılarğa süesizyou all would like to cry | alajılarğa süedilethey would like to cry |
| would like to | menjılarğa süymeymeI would not like to cry | senjılarğa süymeyseyou would not like to cry | oljılarğa süymeydihe would not like to cry | bizjılarğa süymeybizwe would not like to cry | sizjılarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to cry | alajılarğa süymeydilethey would not like to cry |
| hope to | menjılarğa umutlanamaI hope to cry | senjılarğa umutlanasayou hope to cry | oljılarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to cry | bizjılarğa umutlanabızwe hope to cry | sizjılarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to cry | alajılarğa umutlanadılathey hope to cry |
| hope to | menjılarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to cry | senjılarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to cry | oljılarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to cry | bizjılarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to cry | sizjılarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to cry | alajılarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to cry |
| be about to | menjılarğa deb turamaI am about to cry | senjılarğa deb turasayou are about to cry | oljılarğa deb turadıhe is about to cry | bizjılarğa deb turabızwe are about to cry | sizjılarğa deb turasızyou all are about to cry | alajılarğa deb turadılathey are about to cry |
| be about to | menjılarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to cry | senjılarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to cry | oljılarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to cry | bizjılarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to cry | sizjılarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to cry | alajılarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to cry |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjılarğa kerekmeI need to cry | senjılarğa kerekseyou need to cry | oljılarğa kerekdihe needs to cry | bizjılarğa kerekbizwe need to cry | sizjılarğa kereksizyou all need to cry | alajılarğa kerekdilethey need to cry |
| need to | menjılarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to cry | senjılarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to cry | oljılarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to cry | bizjılarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to cry | sizjılarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to cry | alajılarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to cry |
| have to | menmenŋe jılarğa tüşediI have to cry | sensenŋe jılarğa tüşediyou have to cry | olaŋa jılarğa tüşedihe has to cry | bizbizge jılarğa tüşediwe have to cry | sizsizge jılarğa tüşediyou all have to cry | alaalağa jılarğa tüşedithey have to cry |
| have to | menmenŋe jılarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to cry | sensenŋe jılarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to cry | olaŋa jılarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to cry | bizbizge jılarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to cry | sizsizge jılarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to cry | alaalağa jılarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to cry |
| be obliged to | menjılarğa borçlumaI am obliged to cry | senjılarğa borçlusayou are obliged to cry | oljılarğa borçluduhe is obliged to cry | bizjılarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to cry | sizjılarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to cry | alajılarğa borçludulathey are obliged to cry |
| be obliged to | menjılarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to cry | senjılarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to cry | oljılarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to cry | bizjılarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to cry | sizjılarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to cry | alajılarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to cry |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjılarğa madarım bardıI have a way to cry | senjılarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to cry | oljılarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to cry | bizjılarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to cry | sizjılarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to cry | alajılarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to cry |
| have a way to | menjılarğa madarım joqduI have no way to cry | senjılarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to cry | oljılarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to cry | bizjılarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to cry | sizjılarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to cry | alajılarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to cry |
| be free to | menjılarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to cry | senjılarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to cry | oljılarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to cry | bizjılarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to cry | sizjılarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to cry | alajılarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to cry |
| be free to | menjılarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to cry | senjılarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to cry | oljılarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to cry | bizjılarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to cry | sizjılarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to cry | alajılarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to cry |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jılarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to cry | sensenŋe jılarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to cry | olaŋa jılarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to cry | bizbizge jılarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to cry | sizsizge jılarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to cry | alaalağa jılarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to cry |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jılarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to cry | sensenŋe jılarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to cry | olaŋa jılarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to cry | bizbizge jılarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to cry | sizsizge jılarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to cry | alaalağa jılarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to cry |
| be ready to | menjılarğa hazırmaI am ready to cry | senjılarğa hazırsayou are ready to cry | oljılarğa hazırdıhe is ready to cry | bizjılarğa hazırbızwe are ready to cry | sizjılarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to cry | alajılarğa hazırdılathey are ready to cry |
| be ready to | menjılarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to cry | senjılarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to cry | oljılarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to cry | bizjılarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to cry | sizjılarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to cry | alajılarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to cry |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjılarğa küreşemeI am trying to cry | senjılarğa küreşeseyou are trying to cry | oljılarğa küreşedihe is trying to cry | bizjılarğa küreşebizwe are trying to cry | sizjılarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to cry | alajılarğa küreşedilethey are trying to cry |
| try to | menjılarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to cry | senjılarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to cry | oljılarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to cry | bizjılarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to cry | sizjılarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to cry | alajılarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to cry |
| agree to | menjılarğa unaymaI agree to cry | senjılarğa unaysayou agree to cry | oljılarğa unaydıhe agrees to cry | bizjılarğa unaybızwe agree to cry | sizjılarğa unaysızyou all agree to cry | alajılarğa unaydılathey agree to cry |
| agree to | menjılarğa unamaymaI refuse to cry | senjılarğa unamaysayou refuse to cry | oljılarğa unamaydıhe refuses to cry | bizjılarğa unamaybızwe refuse to cry | sizjılarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to cry | alajılarğa unamaydılathey refuse to cry |
| hurry to | menjılarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to cry | senjılarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to cry | oljılarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to cry | bizjılarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to cry | sizjılarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to cry | alajılarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to cry |
| hurry to | menjılarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to cry | senjılarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to cry | oljılarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to cry | bizjılarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to cry | sizjılarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to cry | alajılarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to cry |
| be afraid to | menjılarğa qorqamaI am afraid to cry | senjılarğa qorqasayou are afraid to cry | oljılarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to cry | bizjılarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to cry | sizjılarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to cry | alajılarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to cry |
| be afraid to | menjılarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to cry | senjılarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to cry | oljılarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to cry | bizjılarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to cry | sizjılarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to cry | alajılarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to cry |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjılay bolmazmaI can't be crying | senjılay bolmazsayou can't be crying | oljılay bolmazhe can't be crying | bizjılay bolmazbızwe can't be crying | sizjılay bolmazsızyou all can't be crying | alajılay bolmazlathey can't be crying |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjılamay bolmazmaI must be crying (emphatic) | senjılamay bolmazsayou must be crying (emphatic) | oljılamay bolmazhe must be crying (emphatic) | bizjılamay bolmazbızwe must be crying (emphatic) | sizjılamay bolmazsızyou all must be crying (emphatic) | alajılamay bolmazlathey must be crying (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjılay turmasamif I don't keep crying | senjılay turmasaŋif you don't keep crying | oljılay turmasaif he doesn't keep crying | bizjılay turmasaqif we don't keep crying | sizjılay turmasağızif you all don't keep crying | alajılay turmasalaif they don't keep crying |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjılay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of crying | senjılay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of crying | oljılay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of crying | bizjılay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of crying | sizjılay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of crying | alajılay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of crying |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjılamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not crying (emphatic) | senjılamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not crying (emphatic) | oljılamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not crying (emphatic) | bizjılamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not crying (emphatic) | sizjılamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not crying (emphatic) | alajılamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not crying (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjılamay turamaI keep on not crying | senjılamay turasayou keep on not crying | oljılamay turadıhe keeps on not crying | bizjılamay turabızwe keep on not crying | sizjılamay turasızyou all keep on not crying | alajılamay turadılathey keep on not crying |
| Progressive — double negation | menjılamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not crying | senjılamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not crying | oljılamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not crying | bizjılamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not crying | sizjılamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not crying | alajılamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not crying |
| Progressive — double negation | menjılamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not crying? | senjılamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not crying? | oljılamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not crying? | bizjılamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not crying? | sizjılamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not crying? | alajılamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not crying? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjılağan bolmazmaI can't have cried | senjılağan bolmazsayou can't have cried | oljılağan bolmazhe can't have cried | bizjılağan bolmazbızwe can't have cried | sizjılağan bolmazsızyou all can't have cried | alajılağan bolmazlathey can't have cried |
| Inference — double negation | menjılamağan bolmazmaI must have cried (emphatic) | senjılamağan bolmazsayou must have cried (emphatic) | oljılamağan bolmazhe must have cried (emphatic) | bizjılamağan bolmazbızwe must have cried (emphatic) | sizjılamağan bolmazsızyou all must have cried (emphatic) | alajılamağan bolmazlathey must have cried (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjılağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had cried | senjılağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had cried | oljılağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had cried | bizjılağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had cried | sizjılağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had cried | alajılağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had cried |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjılamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't cried | senjılamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't cried | oljılamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't cried | bizjılamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't cried | sizjılamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't cried | alajılamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't cried |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjılarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to cry | senjılarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to cry | oljılarıq bolmazhe can't be going to cry | bizjılarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to cry | sizjılarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to cry | alajılarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to cry |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjılamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to cry (emphatic) | senjılamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to cry (emphatic) | oljılamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to cry (emphatic) | bizjılamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to cry (emphatic) | sizjılamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to cry (emphatic) | alajılamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to cry (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjılarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to cry | senjılarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to cry | oljılarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to cry | bizjılarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to cry | sizjılarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to cry | alajılarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to cry |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjılamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to cry | senjılamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to cry | oljılamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to cry | bizjılamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to cry | sizjılamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to cry | alajılamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to cry |