igilenirge
/iɡilenirɡe/
improve, get better, be perfected
- işibiz igilenŋendi — our work has improved
- sawluğum igilendi — my health has improved
- sawsuznu awruwu igilene başlağandı — the patient's illness has begun to get better
- işleribiz igilenirle — our affairs will improve
- halqnı jaşaw turmuşu igilenŋendi — the people's living conditions have improved
- awruğan igilendi — the sick man got better
- jaşaw igilene baradı — life is getting better
Conjugation
Common forms
- igilenedihe is improving
- igilendihe improved
- igilenŋendihe has improved
- igilenirhe will improve
- igilennikdihe is going to improve
- igilene edihe was improving
- igilenseif he improves
- igilen!improve!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menigilenemeI am improving | senigileneseyou are improving | oligilenedihe is improving | bizigilenebizwe are improving | sizigilenesizyou all are improving | alaigilenedilethey are improving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menigilenmeymeI am not improving | senigilenmeyseyou are not improving | oligilenmeydihe is not improving | bizigilenmeybizwe are not improving | sizigilenmeysizyou all are not improving | alaigilenmeydilethey are not improving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menigilenememi? igilenemime?am I improving? | senigilenemise?are you improving? | oligilenemidi?is he improving? | bizigilenebizmi? igilenemibiz?are we improving? | sizigilenemisiz?are you all improving? | alaigilenemidile?are they improving? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menigilenmeymemi? igilenmeymime?aren't I improving? | senigilenmeymise?aren't you improving? | oligilenmeymidi?isn't he improving? | bizigilenmeybizmi? igilenmeymibiz?aren't we improving? | sizigilenmeymisiz?aren't you all improving? | alaigilenmeymidile?aren't they improving? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menigileniwçenmeI usually improve | senigileniwçenseyou usually improve | oligileniwçendihe usually improves | bizigileniwçenbizwe usually improve | sizigileniwçensizyou all usually improve | alaigileniwçendilethey usually improve |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menigilenmewçenmeI usually don't improve | senigilenmewçenseyou usually don't improve | oligilenmewçendihe usually doesn't improve | bizigilenmewçenbizwe usually don't improve | sizigilenmewçensizyou all usually don't improve | alaigilenmewçendilethey usually don't improve |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menigileniwçenmemi? igileniwçenmime?do I usually improve? | senigileniwçenmise?do you usually improve? | oligileniwçenmidi?does he usually improve? | bizigileniwçenbizmi? igileniwçenmibiz?do we usually improve? | sizigileniwçenmisiz?do you all usually improve? | alaigileniwçenmidile?do they usually improve? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menigilenmewçenmemi? igilenmewçenmime?do I usually not improve? | senigilenmewçenmise?do you usually not improve? | oligilenmewçenmidi?does he usually not improve? | bizigilenmewçenbizmi? igilenmewçenmibiz?do we usually not improve? | sizigilenmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not improve? | alaigilenmewçenmidile?do they usually not improve? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oligilenibdihe has improved and remains so | alaigilenibdilethey have improved and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oligilenibmidi?has he improved? | alaigilenibmidile?have they improved? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menigilenib turamaI keep improving | senigilenib turasayou keep improving | oligilenib turadıhe keeps improving | bizigilenib turabızwe keep improving | sizigilenib turasızyou all keep improving | alaigilenib turadılathey keep improving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menigilenib turmaymaI don't keep improving | senigilenib turmaysayou don't keep improving | oligilenib turmaydıhe doesn't keep improving | bizigilenib turmaybızwe don't keep improving | sizigilenib turmaysızyou all don't keep improving | alaigilenib turmaydılathey don't keep improving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menigilenib turamamı? igilenib turamıma?do I keep improving? | senigilenib turamısa?do you keep improving? | oligilenib turamıdı?does he keep improving? | bizigilenib turabızmı? igilenib turamıbız?do we keep improving? | sizigilenib turamısız?do you all keep improving? | alaigilenib turamıdıla?do they keep improving? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menigilenib turmaymamı? igilenib turmaymıma?don't I keep improving? | senigilenib turmaymısa?don't you keep improving? | oligilenib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep improving? | bizigilenib turmaybızmı? igilenib turmaymıbız?don't we keep improving? | sizigilenib turmaymısız?don't you all keep improving? | alaigilenib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep improving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menigilene turamaI am in the middle of improving | senigilene turasayou are in the middle of improving | oligilene turadıhe is in the middle of improving | bizigilene turabızwe are in the middle of improving | sizigilene turasızyou all are in the middle of improving | alaigilene turadılathey are in the middle of improving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menigilene turmaymaI am not in the middle of improving | senigilene turmaysayou are not in the middle of improving | oligilene turmaydıhe is not in the middle of improving | bizigilene turmaybızwe are not in the middle of improving | sizigilene turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of improving | alaigilene turmaydılathey are not in the middle of improving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menigilene turamamı? igilene turamıma?am I in the middle of improving? | senigilene turamısa?are you in the middle of improving? | oligilene turamıdı?is he in the middle of improving? | bizigilene turabızmı? igilene turamıbız?are we in the middle of improving? | sizigilene turamısız?are you all in the middle of improving? | alaigilene turamıdıla?are they in the middle of improving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menigilene turmaymamı? igilene turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of improving? | senigilene turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of improving? | oligilene turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of improving? | bizigilene turmaybızmı? igilene turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of improving? | sizigilene turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of improving? | alaigilene turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of improving? |
| Simple past (definite) | menigilendimI improved | senigilendiŋyou improved | oligilendihe improved | bizigilendikwe improved | sizigilendigizyou all improved | alaigilendilethey improved |
| Simple past (definite) | menigilenmedimI didn't improve | senigilenmediŋyou didn't improve | oligilenmedihe didn't improve | bizigilenmedikwe didn't improve | sizigilenmedigizyou all didn't improve | alaigilenmedilethey didn't improve |
| Simple past (definite) | menigilendimmi?did I improve? | senigilendiŋmi?did you improve? | oligilendimi?did he improve? | bizigilendikmi?did we improve? | sizigilendigizmi?did you all improve? | alaigilendilemi?did they improve? |
| Simple past (definite) | menigilenmedimmi?didn't I improve? | senigilenmediŋmi?didn't you improve? | oligilenmedimi?didn't he improve? | bizigilenmedikmi?didn't we improve? | sizigilenmedigizmi?didn't you all improve? | alaigilenmedilemi?didn't they improve? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menigilenŋenmeI have improved | senigilenŋenseyou have improved | oligilenŋendihe has improved | bizigilenŋenbizwe have improved | sizigilenŋensizyou all have improved | alaigilenŋendilethey have improved |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menigilenmegenmeI haven't improved | senigilenmegenseyou haven't improved | oligilenmegendihe hasn't improved | bizigilenmegenbizwe haven't improved | sizigilenmegensizyou all haven't improved | alaigilenmegendilethey haven't improved |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menigilenŋenmemi? igilenŋenmime?have I improved? | senigilenŋenmise?have you improved? | oligilenŋenmidi?has he improved? | bizigilenŋenbizmi? igilenŋenmibiz?have we improved? | sizigilenŋenmisiz?have you all improved? | alaigilenŋenmidile?have they improved? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menigilenmegenmemi? igilenmegenmime?haven't I improved? | senigilenmegenmise?haven't you improved? | oligilenmegenmidi?hasn't he improved? | bizigilenmegenbizmi? igilenmegenmibiz?haven't we improved? | sizigilenmegenmisiz?haven't you all improved? | alaigilenmegenmidile?haven't they improved? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menigilenib turdumI kept improving | senigilenib turduŋyou kept improving | oligilenib turduhe kept improving | bizigilenib turduqwe kept improving | sizigilenib turduğuzyou all kept improving | alaigilenib turdulathey kept improving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menigilenib turmadımI didn't keep improving | senigilenib turmadıŋyou didn't keep improving | oligilenib turmadıhe didn't keep improving | bizigilenib turmadıqwe didn't keep improving | sizigilenib turmadığızyou all didn't keep improving | alaigilenib turmadılathey didn't keep improving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menigilenirmeI will improve | senigilenirseyou will improve | oligilenirhe will improve | bizigilenirbizwe will improve | sizigilenirsizyou all will improve | alaigilenirlethey will improve |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menigilenmezmeI won't improve | senigilenmezseyou won't improve | oligilenmezhe won't improve | bizigilenmezbizwe won't improve | sizigilenmezsizyou all won't improve | alaigilenmezlethey won't improve |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menigilenirmemi? igilenirmime?will I improve? | senigilenirmise?will you improve? | oligilenirmi?will he improve? | bizigilenirbizmi? igilenirmibiz?will we improve? | sizigilenirmisiz?will you all improve? | alaigilenirlemi? igilenirmile?will they improve? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menigilenmezmemi? igilenmezmime?won't I improve? | senigilenmezmise?won't you improve? | oligilenmezmi?won't he improve? | bizigilenmezbizmi? igilenmezmibiz?won't we improve? | sizigilenmezmisiz?won't you all improve? | alaigilenmezlemi? igilenmezmile?won't they improve? |
| Definite future (future II) | menigilennikme1igilenirikmeI am going to improve | senigilennikse1igilenirikseyou are going to improve | oligilennikdi1igilenirikdihe is going to improve | bizigilennikbiz1igilenirikbizwe are going to improve | sizigilenniksiz1igileniriksizyou all are going to improve | alaigilennikdile1igilenirikdilethey are going to improve |
| Definite future (future II) | menigilennik tülme1igilenirik tülmeI am not going to improve | senigilennik tülse1igilenirik tülseyou are not going to improve | oligilennik tüldü1igilenirik tüldühe is not going to improve | bizigilennik tülbüz1igilenirik tülbüzwe are not going to improve | sizigilennik tülsüz1igilenirik tülsüzyou all are not going to improve | alaigilennik tüldüle1igilenirik tüldülethey are not going to improve |
| Definite future (future II) | menigilennikmemi?1 igilennikmime?igilenirikmemi?am I going to improve? | senigilennikmise?1igilenirikmise?are you going to improve? | oligilennikmidi?1igilenirikmidi?is he going to improve? | bizigilennikbizmi?1 igilennikmibiz?igilenirikbizmi?are we going to improve? | sizigilennikmisiz?1igilenirikmisiz?are you all going to improve? | alaigilennikmidile?1igilenirikmidile?are they going to improve? |
| Definite future (future II) | menigilennik tülmüme?1igilenirik tülmüme?aren't I going to improve? | senigilennik tülmüse?1igilenirik tülmüse?aren't you going to improve? | oligilennik tülmüdü?1igilenirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to improve? | bizigilennik tülmübüz?1igilenirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to improve? | sizigilennik tülmüsüz?1igilenirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to improve? | alaigilennik tülmüdüle?1igilenirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to improve? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so igilenirikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menigilenŋen edimigilenŋenemI had improved | senigilenŋen ediŋigilenŋeneŋyou had improved | oligilenŋen ediigilenŋenedhe had improved | bizigilenŋen edikigilenŋenekwe had improved | sizigilenŋen edigizigilenŋenegizyou all had improved | alaigilenŋen edileigilenŋenellethey had improved |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menigilenmegen edimigilenmegenemI hadn't improved | senigilenmegen ediŋigilenmegeneŋyou hadn't improved | oligilenmegen ediigilenmegenedhe hadn't improved | bizigilenmegen edikigilenmegenekwe hadn't improved | sizigilenmegen edigizigilenmegenegizyou all hadn't improved | alaigilenmegen edileigilenmegenellethey hadn't improved |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menigilene edimigilenemI was improving | senigilene ediŋigileneŋyou were improving | oligilene ediigilenedhe was improving | bizigilene edikigilenekwe were improving | sizigilene edigizigilenegizyou all were improving | alaigilene edileigilenellethey were improving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menigilenmey edimigilenmeyemI wasn't improving | senigilenmey ediŋigilenmeyeŋyou weren't improving | oligilenmey ediigilenmeyedhe wasn't improving | bizigilenmey edikigilenmeyekwe weren't improving | sizigilenmey edigizigilenmeyegizyou all weren't improving | alaigilenmey edileigilenmeyellethey weren't improving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menigileniwçen edimigileniwçenemI used to improve | senigileniwçen ediŋigileniwçeneŋyou used to improve | oligileniwçen ediigileniwçenedhe used to improve | bizigileniwçen edikigileniwçenekwe used to improve | sizigileniwçen edigizigileniwçenegizyou all used to improve | alaigileniwçen edileigileniwçenellethey used to improve |
| Habitual past (used to) | menigilenmewçen edimigilenmewçenemI didn't use to improve | senigilenmewçen ediŋigilenmewçeneŋyou didn't use to improve | oligilenmewçen ediigilenmewçenedhe didn't use to improve | bizigilenmewçen edikigilenmewçenekwe didn't use to improve | sizigilenmewçen edigizigilenmewçenegizyou all didn't use to improve | alaigilenmewçen edileigilenmewçenellethey didn't use to improve |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oligilenib edihe had improved and remained so | alaigilenib edilethey had improved and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oligilenib tül edihe hadn't improved | alaigilenib tül edilethey hadn't improved | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menigilenib tura edimigilenib turaemI had kept improving | senigilenib tura ediŋigilenib turaeŋyou had kept improving | oligilenib tura ediigilenib turaedhe had kept improving | bizigilenib tura edikigilenib turaekwe had kept improving | sizigilenib tura edigizigilenib turaegizyou all had kept improving | alaigilenib tura edileigilenib turaellethey had kept improving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menigilenib turmay edimigilenib turmayemI hadn't kept improving | senigilenib turmay ediŋigilenib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept improving | oligilenib turmay ediigilenib turmayedhe hadn't kept improving | bizigilenib turmay edikigilenib turmayekwe hadn't kept improving | sizigilenib turmay edigizigilenib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept improving | alaigilenib turmay edileigilenib turmayellethey hadn't kept improving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menigilene tura edimigilene turaemI was in the middle of improving | senigilene tura ediŋigilene turaeŋyou were in the middle of improving | oligilene tura ediigilene turaedhe was in the middle of improving | bizigilene tura edikigilene turaekwe were in the middle of improving | sizigilene tura edigizigilene turaegizyou all were in the middle of improving | alaigilene tura edileigilene turaellethey were in the middle of improving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menigilene turmay edimigilene turmayemI wasn't in the middle of improving | senigilene turmay ediŋigilene turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of improving | oligilene turmay ediigilene turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of improving | bizigilene turmay edikigilene turmayekwe weren't in the middle of improving | sizigilene turmay edigizigilene turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of improving | alaigilene turmay edileigilene turmayellethey weren't in the middle of improving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menigilenir edimigilenir emI would improve | senigilenir ediŋigilenir eŋyou would improve | oligilenir ediigilenir edhe would improve | bizigilenir edikigilenir ekwe would improve | sizigilenir edigizigilenir egizyou all would improve | alaigilenir edileigilenir ellethey would improve |
| Conditional result (would) | menigilenmez edimigilenmez emI wouldn't improve | senigilenmez ediŋigilenmez eŋyou wouldn't improve | oligilenmez ediigilenmez edhe wouldn't improve | bizigilenmez edikigilenmez ekwe wouldn't improve | sizigilenmez edigizigilenmez egizyou all wouldn't improve | alaigilenmez edileigilenmez ellethey wouldn't improve |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menigilennik edim2igilennik emigilenirik edimI would have improved | senigilennik ediŋ2igilennik eŋigilenirik ediŋyou would have improved | oligilennik edi2igilennik edigilenirik edihe would have improved | bizigilennik edik2igilennik ekigilenirik edikwe would have improved | sizigilennik edigiz2igilennik egizigilenirik edigizyou all would have improved | alaigilennik edile2igilennik elleigilenirik edilethey would have improved |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menigilennik tül edim2igilennik tül emigilenirik tül edimI wouldn't have improved | senigilennik tül ediŋ2igilennik tül eŋigilenirik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have improved | oligilennik tül edi2igilennik tül edigilenirik tül edihe wouldn't have improved | bizigilennik tül edik2igilennik tül ekigilenirik tül edikwe wouldn't have improved | sizigilennik tül edigiz2igilennik tül egizigilenirik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have improved | alaigilennik tül edile2igilennik tül elleigilenirik tül edilethey wouldn't have improved |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so igilenirik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menigilensemif I improve | senigilenseŋif you improve | oligilenseif he improves | bizigilensekif we improve | sizigilensegizif you all improve | alaigilenseleif they improve |
| Conditional | menigilenmesemif I don't improve | senigilenmeseŋif you don't improve | oligilenmeseif he doesn't improve | bizigilenmesekif we don't improve | sizigilenmesegizif you all don't improve | alaigilenmeseleif they don't improve |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menigilene esemif I am improving | senigilene eseŋif you are improving | oligilene eseif he is improving | bizigilene esekif we are improving | sizigilene esegizif you all are improving | alaigilene eseleif they are improving |
| Conditional, present real | menigilenmey esemif I am not improving | senigilenmey eseŋif you are not improving | oligilenmey eseif he is not improving | bizigilenmey esekif we are not improving | sizigilenmey esegizif you all are not improving | alaigilenmey eseleif they are not improving |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menigilensem ediigilensem edif only I improved | senigilenseŋ ediigilenseŋ edif only you improved | oligilense ediigilensedif only he improved | bizigilensek ediigilensek edif only we improved | sizigilensegiz ediigilensegiz edif only you all improved | alaigilensele ediigilenseledif only they improved |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menigilenmesem ediigilenmesem edif only I didn't improve | senigilenmeseŋ ediigilenmeseŋ edif only you didn't improve | oligilenmese ediigilenmesedif only he didn't improve | bizigilenmesek ediigilenmesek edif only we didn't improve | sizigilenmesegiz ediigilenmesegiz edif only you all didn't improve | alaigilenmesele ediigilenmeseledif only they didn't improve |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menigilenib tursamif I carry on improving | senigilenib tursaŋif you carry on improving | oligilenib tursaif he carries on improving | bizigilenib tursaqif we carry on improving | sizigilenib tursağızif you all carry on improving | alaigilenib tursalaif they carry on improving |
| Durative conditional | menigilenib turmasamif I don't carry on improving | senigilenib turmasaŋif you don't carry on improving | oligilenib turmasaif he doesn't carry on improving | bizigilenib turmasaqif we don't carry on improving | sizigilenib turmasağızif you all don't carry on improving | alaigilenib turmasalaif they don't carry on improving |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menigilenib tura esemif I have kept improving | senigilenib tura eseŋif you have kept improving | oligilenib tura eseif he has kept improving | bizigilenib tura esekif we have kept improving | sizigilenib tura esegizif you all have kept improving | alaigilenib tura eseleif they have kept improving |
| Durative conditional, present real | menigilenib turmay esemif I haven't kept improving | senigilenib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept improving | oligilenib turmay eseif he hasn't kept improving | bizigilenib turmay esekif we haven't kept improving | sizigilenib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept improving | alaigilenib turmay eseleif they haven't kept improving |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menigilene tursamif I keep improving | senigilene tursaŋif you keep improving | oligilene tursaif he keeps improving | bizigilene tursaqif we keep improving | sizigilene tursağızif you all keep improving | alaigilene tursalaif they keep improving |
| Progressive conditional | menigilenmey tursamif I keep on not improving | senigilenmey tursaŋif you keep on not improving | oligilenmey tursaif he keeps on not improving | bizigilenmey tursaqif we keep on not improving | sizigilenmey tursağızif you all keep on not improving | alaigilenmey tursalaif they keep on not improving |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menigilene tura esemif I am in the middle of improving | senigilene tura eseŋif you are in the middle of improving | oligilene tura eseif he is in the middle of improving | bizigilene tura esekif we are in the middle of improving | sizigilene tura esegizif you all are in the middle of improving | alaigilene tura eseleif they are in the middle of improving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menigilenmey tura esemif I keep on not improving | senigilenmey tura eseŋif you keep on not improving | oligilenmey tura eseif he keeps on not improving | bizigilenmey tura esekif we keep on not improving | sizigilenmey tura esegizif you all keep on not improving | alaigilenmey tura eseleif they keep on not improving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menigilendim esemif I improved | senigilendiŋ eseŋif you improved | oligilendi eseif he improved | bizigilendik esekif we improved | sizigilendigiz esegizif you all improved | alaigilendile eseleif they improved |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menigilenmedim esemif I didn't improve | senigilenmediŋ eseŋif you didn't improve | oligilenmedi eseif he didn't improve | bizigilenmedik esekif we didn't improve | sizigilenmedigiz esegizif you all didn't improve | alaigilenmedile eseleif they didn't improve |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menigilenŋen esemif I did improve (indeed) | senigilenŋen eseŋif you did improve (indeed) | oligilenŋen eseif he did improve (indeed) | bizigilenŋen esekif we did improve (indeed) | sizigilenŋen esegizif you all did improve (indeed) | alaigilenŋen eseleif they did improve (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menigilenmegen esemif I didn't improve (indeed) | senigilenmegen eseŋif you didn't improve (indeed) | oligilenmegen eseif he didn't improve (indeed) | bizigilenmegen esekif we didn't improve (indeed) | sizigilenmegen esegizif you all didn't improve (indeed) | alaigilenmegen eseleif they didn't improve (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menigilenŋen bolsamif I had improved | senigilenŋen bolsaŋif you had improved | oligilenŋen bolsaif he had improved | bizigilenŋen bolsaqif we had improved | sizigilenŋen bolsağızif you all had improved | alaigilenŋen bolsalaif they had improved |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menigilenmegen bolsamif I hadn't improved | senigilenmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't improved | oligilenmegen bolsaif he hadn't improved | bizigilenmegen bolsaqif we hadn't improved | sizigilenmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't improved | alaigilenmegen bolsalaif they hadn't improved |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menigilenŋen bolsam ediigilenŋen bolsam edif only I had improved | senigilenŋen bolsaŋ ediigilenŋen bolsaŋ edif only you had improved | oligilenŋen bolsa ediigilenŋen bolsaedif only he had improved | bizigilenŋen bolsaq ediigilenŋen bolsaq edif only we had improved | sizigilenŋen bolsağız ediigilenŋen bolsağız edif only you all had improved | alaigilenŋen bolsala ediigilenŋen bolsalaedif only they had improved |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menigilenmegen bolsam ediigilenmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't improved | senigilenmegen bolsaŋ ediigilenmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't improved | oligilenmegen bolsa ediigilenmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't improved | bizigilenmegen bolsaq ediigilenmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't improved | sizigilenmegen bolsağız ediigilenmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't improved | alaigilenmegen bolsala ediigilenmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't improved |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menigilenir esemif I will improve | senigilenir eseŋif you will improve | oligilenir eseif he will improve | bizigilenir esekif we will improve | sizigilenir esegizif you all will improve | alaigilenir eseleif they will improve |
| Conditional, aorist | menigilenmez esemif I won't improve | senigilenmez eseŋif you won't improve | oligilenmez eseif he won't improve | bizigilenmez esekif we won't improve | sizigilenmez esegizif you all won't improve | alaigilenmez eseleif they won't improve |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menigilennik esem4igilenirik esemif I am going to improve | senigilennik eseŋ4igilenirik eseŋif you are going to improve | oligilennik ese4igilenirik eseif he is going to improve | bizigilennik esek4igilenirik esekif we are going to improve | sizigilennik esegiz4igilenirik esegizif you all are going to improve | alaigilennik esele4igilenirik eseleif they are going to improve |
| Conditional, future | menigilennik tül esem4igilenirik tül esemif I am not going to improve | senigilennik tül eseŋ4igilenirik tül eseŋif you are not going to improve | oligilennik tül ese4igilenirik tül eseif he is not going to improve | bizigilennik tül esek4igilenirik tül esekif we are not going to improve | sizigilennik tül esegiz4igilenirik tül esegizif you all are not going to improve | alaigilennik tül esele4igilenirik tül eseleif they are not going to improve |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menigilennik bolsam5igilenirik bolsamif I were going to improve | senigilennik bolsaŋ5igilenirik bolsaŋif you were going to improve | oligilennik bolsa5igilenirik bolsaif he were going to improve | bizigilennik bolsaq5igilenirik bolsaqif we were going to improve | sizigilennik bolsağız5igilenirik bolsağızif you all were going to improve | alaigilennik bolsala5igilenirik bolsalaif they were going to improve |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menigilenmezlik bolsamif I were not going to improve | senigilenmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to improve | oligilenmezlik bolsaif he were not going to improve | bizigilenmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to improve | sizigilenmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to improve | alaigilenmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to improve |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso igilendiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so igilenirik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so igilenirik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menigilene bolurmaI must be improving | senigilene bolursayou must be improving | oligilene bolurhe must be improving | bizigilene bolurbuzwe must be improving | sizigilene bolursuzyou all must be improving | alaigilene bolurlathey must be improving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menigilenmey bolurmaI must not be improving | senigilenmey bolursayou must not be improving | oligilenmey bolurhe must not be improving | bizigilenmey bolurbuzwe must not be improving | sizigilenmey bolursuzyou all must not be improving | alaigilenmey bolurlathey must not be improving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menigilene tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of improving | senigilene tura bolursayou must be in the middle of improving | oligilene tura bolurhe must be in the middle of improving | bizigilene tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of improving | sizigilene tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of improving | alaigilene tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of improving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menigilenmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not improving | senigilenmey tura bolursayou must keep on not improving | oligilenmey tura bolurhe must keep on not improving | bizigilenmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not improving | sizigilenmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not improving | alaigilenmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not improving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menigilenŋen bolurmaI must have improved | senigilenŋen bolursayou must have improved | oligilenŋen bolurhe must have improved | bizigilenŋen bolurbuzwe must have improved | sizigilenŋen bolursuzyou all must have improved | alaigilenŋen bolurlathey must have improved |
| Inference (must have) | menigilenmegen bolurmaI must not have improved | senigilenmegen bolursayou must not have improved | oligilenmegen bolurhe must not have improved | bizigilenmegen bolurbuzwe must not have improved | sizigilenmegen bolursuzyou all must not have improved | alaigilenmegen bolurlathey must not have improved |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menigilennik bolurma6igilenirik bolurmaI must be going to improve | senigilennik bolursa6igilenirik bolursayou must be going to improve | oligilennik bolur6igilenirik bolurhe must be going to improve | bizigilennik bolurbuz6igilenirik bolurbuzwe must be going to improve | sizigilennik bolursuz6igilenirik bolursuzyou all must be going to improve | alaigilennik bolurla6igilenirik bolurlathey must be going to improve |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menigilenmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to improve | senigilenmezlik bolursayou must not be going to improve | oligilenmezlik bolurhe must not be going to improve | bizigilenmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to improve | sizigilenmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to improve | alaigilenmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to improve |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so igilenirik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menigileneyimlet me improve | senigilen!improve! | oligilensinlet him improve | bizigileneyiklet's improve | sizigilenigiz!improve, you all! | alaigilensinlelet them improve |
| Commands & suggestions | menigilenmeyimlet me not improve | senigilenme!don't improve! | oligilenmesinlet him not improve | bizigilenmeyiklet's not improve | sizigilenmegiz!don't improve, you all! | alaigilenmesinlelet them not improve |
| Commands & suggestions | menigileneyimmi?shall I improve? | oligilensinmi?should he improve? | bizigileneyikmi?shall we improve? | alaigilensinlemi?should they improve? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menigilenmeyimmi?shall I not improve? | oligilenmesinmi?should he not improve? | bizigilenmeyikmi?shall we not improve? | alaigilenmesinlemi?should they not improve? | ||
| Requests | senigilençi7igilençinplease improve | oligilensinçido let him improve | sizigilençigizplease improve (plural/polite) | alaigilensinleçido let them improve | ||
| Requests | senigilenmeçi7igilenmeçinplease don't improve | oligilenmesinçido let him not improve | sizigilenmeçigizplease don't improve (plural/polite) | alaigilenmesinleçido let them not improve | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senigilenŋinigilenŋimay you improve | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senigilenmeginigilenmegimay you not improve | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menigilenŋey edim igilenŋe edimwould that I improved | senigilenŋey ediŋ igilenŋe ediŋwould that you improved | oligilenŋey edi igilenŋe ediwould that he improved | bizigilenŋey edik igilenŋe edikwould that we improved | sizigilenŋey edigiz igilenŋe edigizwould that you all improved | alaigilenŋey edile igilenŋe edilewould that they improved |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menigilenmegey edim igilenmege edimwould that I did not improve | senigilenmegey ediŋ igilenmege ediŋwould that you did not improve | oligilenmegey edi igilenmege ediwould that he did not improve | bizigilenmegey edik igilenmege edikwould that we did not improve | sizigilenmegey edigiz igilenmege edigizwould that you all did not improve | alaigilenmegey edile igilenmege edilewould that they did not improve |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menigilenmege qoyayımigilenme qoyayımlet me allow someone to improve | senigilenmege qoy!igilenme qoy!let someone improve! | oligilenmege qoysunigilenme qoysunlet him allow someone to improve | bizigilenmege qoyayıqigilenme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to improve | sizigilenmege qoyuğuz!igilenme qoyuğuz!let someone improve, you all! | alaigilenmege qoysunlaigilenme qoysunlalet them allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (commands) | menigilenmege qoymayımigilenme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to improve | senigilenmege qoyma!igilenme qoyma!don't let someone improve! | oligilenmege qoymasınigilenme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to improve | bizigilenmege qoymayıqigilenme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to improve | sizigilenmege qoymağız!igilenme qoymağız!don't let someone improve, you all! | alaigilenmege qoymasınlaigilenme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (commands) | menigilenmege qoyayımmı?igilenme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to improve? | oligilenmege qoysunmu?igilenme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to improve? | bizigilenmege qoyayıqmı?igilenme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to improve? | alaigilenmege qoysunlamı?igilenme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to improve? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menigilenmege qoymayımmı?igilenme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to improve? | oligilenmege qoymasınmı?igilenme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to improve? | bizigilenmege qoymayıqmı?igilenme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to improve? | alaigilenmege qoymasınlamı?igilenme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to improve? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menigilenmege qoyamaigilenme qoyamaI allow someone to improve | senigilenmege qoyasaigilenme qoyasayou allow someone to improve | oligilenmege qoyadıigilenme qoyadıhe allows someone to improve | bizigilenmege qoyabızigilenme qoyabızwe allow someone to improve | sizigilenmege qoyasızigilenme qoyasızyou all allow someone to improve | alaigilenmege qoyadılaigilenme qoyadılathey allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (present) | menigilenmege qoymaymaigilenme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to improve | senigilenmege qoymaysaigilenme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to improve | oligilenmege qoymaydıigilenme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to improve | bizigilenmege qoymaybızigilenme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to improve | sizigilenmege qoymaysızigilenme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to improve | alaigilenmege qoymaydılaigilenme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (present) | menigilenmege qoyamamı?igilenme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to improve? | senigilenmege qoyamısa?igilenme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to improve? | oligilenmege qoyamıdı?igilenme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to improve? | bizigilenmege qoyabızmı?igilenme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to improve? | sizigilenmege qoyamısız?igilenme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to improve? | alaigilenmege qoyamıdıla?igilenme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to improve? |
| Let someone… (present) | menigilenmege qoymaymamı?igilenme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to improve? | senigilenmege qoymaymısa?igilenme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to improve? | oligilenmege qoymaymıdı?igilenme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to improve? | bizigilenmege qoymaybızmı?igilenme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to improve? | sizigilenmege qoymaymısız?igilenme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to improve? | alaigilenmege qoymaymıdıla?igilenme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to improve? |
| Let someone… (past) | menigilenmege qoydumigilenme qoydumI allowed someone to improve | senigilenmege qoyduŋigilenme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to improve | oligilenmege qoyduigilenme qoyduhe allowed someone to improve | bizigilenmege qoyduqigilenme qoyduqwe allowed someone to improve | sizigilenmege qoyduğuzigilenme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to improve | alaigilenmege qoydulaigilenme qoydulathey allowed someone to improve |
| Let someone… (past) | menigilenmege qoymadımigilenme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to improve | senigilenmege qoymadıŋigilenme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to improve | oligilenmege qoymadıigilenme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to improve | bizigilenmege qoymadıqigilenme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to improve | sizigilenmege qoymadığızigilenme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to improve | alaigilenmege qoymadılaigilenme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to improve |
| Let someone… (past) | menigilenmege qoydummu?igilenme qoydummu?did I allow someone to improve? | senigilenmege qoyduŋmu?igilenme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to improve? | oligilenmege qoydumu?igilenme qoydumu?did he allow someone to improve? | bizigilenmege qoyduqmu?igilenme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to improve? | sizigilenmege qoyduğuzmu?igilenme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to improve? | alaigilenmege qoydulamı?igilenme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to improve? |
| Let someone… (past) | menigilenmege qoymadımmı?igilenme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to improve? | senigilenmege qoymadıŋmı?igilenme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to improve? | oligilenmege qoymadımı?igilenme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to improve? | bizigilenmege qoymadıqmı?igilenme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to improve? | sizigilenmege qoymadığızmı?igilenme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to improve? | alaigilenmege qoymadılamı?igilenme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to improve? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menigilenalamaI can improve | senigilenalasayou can improve | oligilenaladıhe can improve | bizigilenalabızwe can improve | sizigilenalasızyou all can improve | alaigilenaladılathey can improve |
| Ability — present | menigilenalmaymaI can't improve | senigilenalmaysayou can't improve | oligilenalmaydıhe can't improve | bizigilenalmaybızwe can't improve | sizigilenalmaysızyou all can't improve | alaigilenalmaydılathey can't improve |
| Ability — present | menigilenalamamı? igilenalamıma?can I improve? | senigilenalamısa?can you improve? | oligilenalamıdı?can he improve? | bizigilenalabızmı? igilenalamıbız?can we improve? | sizigilenalamısız?can you all improve? | alaigilenalamıdıla?can they improve? |
| Ability — present | menigilenalmaymamı? igilenalmaymıma?can't I improve? | senigilenalmaymısa?can't you improve? | oligilenalmaymıdı?can't he improve? | bizigilenalmaybızmı? igilenalmaymıbız?can't we improve? | sizigilenalmaymısız?can't you all improve? | alaigilenalmaymıdıla?can't they improve? |
| Ability — if I can… | menigilenalsamif I can improve | senigilenalsaŋif you can improve | oligilenalsaif he can improve | bizigilenalsaqif we can improve | sizigilenalsağızif you all can improve | alaigilenalsalaif they can improve |
| Ability — if I can… | menigilenalmasamif I can't improve | senigilenalmasaŋif you can't improve | oligilenalmasaif he can't improve | bizigilenalmasaqif we can't improve | sizigilenalmasağızif you all can't improve | alaigilenalmasalaif they can't improve |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menigilenaldımI was able to improve | senigilenaldıŋyou were able to improve | oligilenaldıhe was able to improve | bizigilenaldıqwe were able to improve | sizigilenaldığızyou all were able to improve | alaigilenaldılathey were able to improve |
| Ability — simple past | menigilenalmadımI could not improve | senigilenalmadıŋyou could not improve | oligilenalmadıhe could not improve | bizigilenalmadıqwe could not improve | sizigilenalmadığızyou all could not improve | alaigilenalmadılathey could not improve |
| Ability — simple past | menigilenaldımmı?was I able to improve? | senigilenaldıŋmı?were you able to improve? | oligilenaldımı?was he able to improve? | bizigilenaldıqmı?were we able to improve? | sizigilenaldığızmı?were you all able to improve? | alaigilenaldılamı?were they able to improve? |
| Ability — simple past | menigilenalmadımmı?couldn't I improve? | senigilenalmadıŋmı?couldn't you improve? | oligilenalmadımı?couldn't he improve? | bizigilenalmadıqmı?couldn't we improve? | sizigilenalmadığızmı?couldn't you all improve? | alaigilenalmadılamı?couldn't they improve? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menigilenalğanmaI have been able to improve | senigilenalğansayou have been able to improve | oligilenalğandıhe has been able to improve | bizigilenalğanbızwe have been able to improve | sizigilenalğansızyou all have been able to improve | alaigilenalğandılathey have been able to improve |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menigilenalmağanmaI haven't been able to improve | senigilenalmağansayou haven't been able to improve | oligilenalmağandıhe hasn't been able to improve | bizigilenalmağanbızwe haven't been able to improve | sizigilenalmağansızyou all haven't been able to improve | alaigilenalmağandılathey haven't been able to improve |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menigilenalğanmamı? igilenalğanmıma?have I been able to improve? | senigilenalğanmısa?have you been able to improve? | oligilenalğanmıdı?has he been able to improve? | bizigilenalğanbızmı? igilenalğanmıbız?have we been able to improve? | sizigilenalğanmısız?have you all been able to improve? | alaigilenalğanmıdıla?have they been able to improve? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menigilenalmağanmamı? igilenalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to improve? | senigilenalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to improve? | oligilenalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to improve? | bizigilenalmağanbızmı? igilenalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to improve? | sizigilenalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to improve? | alaigilenalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to improve? |
| Ability — past perfect | menigilenalğan edimigilenalğanemI had been able to improve | senigilenalğan ediŋigilenalğaneŋyou had been able to improve | oligilenalğan ediigilenalğanedhe had been able to improve | bizigilenalğan edikigilenalğanekwe had been able to improve | sizigilenalğan edigizigilenalğanegizyou all had been able to improve | alaigilenalğan edileigilenalğanellethey had been able to improve |
| Ability — past perfect | menigilenalmağan edimigilenalmağanemI hadn't been able to improve | senigilenalmağan ediŋigilenalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to improve | oligilenalmağan ediigilenalmağanedhe hadn't been able to improve | bizigilenalmağan edikigilenalmağanekwe hadn't been able to improve | sizigilenalmağan edigizigilenalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to improve | alaigilenalmağan edileigilenalmağanellethey hadn't been able to improve |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menigilenala edimigilenalaemI could improve | senigilenala ediŋigilenalaeŋyou could improve | oligilenala ediigilenalaedhe could improve | bizigilenala edikigilenalaekwe could improve | sizigilenala edigizigilenalaegizyou all could improve | alaigilenala edileigilenalaellethey could improve |
| Ability — past background | menigilenalmay edimigilenalmayemI could not improve | senigilenalmay ediŋigilenalmayeŋyou could not improve | oligilenalmay ediigilenalmayedhe could not improve | bizigilenalmay edikigilenalmayekwe could not improve | sizigilenalmay edigizigilenalmayegizyou all could not improve | alaigilenalmay edileigilenalmayellethey could not improve |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menigilenalırmaI will be able to improve | senigilenalırsayou will be able to improve | oligilenalırhe will be able to improve | bizigilenalırbızwe will be able to improve | sizigilenalırsızyou all will be able to improve | alaigilenalırlathey will be able to improve |
| Ability — future I | menigilenalmazmaI won't be able to improve | senigilenalmazsayou won't be able to improve | oligilenalmazhe won't be able to improve | bizigilenalmazbızwe won't be able to improve | sizigilenalmazsızyou all won't be able to improve | alaigilenalmazlathey won't be able to improve |
| Ability — future I | menigilenalırmamı? igilenalırmıma?will I be able to improve? | senigilenalırmısa?will you be able to improve? | oligilenalırmı?will he be able to improve? | bizigilenalırbızmı? igilenalırmıbız?will we be able to improve? | sizigilenalırmısız?will you all be able to improve? | alaigilenalırlamı? igilenalırmıla?will they be able to improve? |
| Ability — future I | menigilenalmazmamı? igilenalmazmıma?won't I be able to improve? | senigilenalmazmısa?won't you be able to improve? | oligilenalmazmı?won't he be able to improve? | bizigilenalmazbızmı? igilenalmazmıbız?won't we be able to improve? | sizigilenalmazmısız?won't you all be able to improve? | alaigilenalmazlamı? igilenalmazmıla?won't they be able to improve? |
| Ability — future II | menigilenallıqmaI am going to be able to improve | senigilenallıqsayou are going to be able to improve | oligilenallıqdıhe is going to be able to improve | bizigilenallıqbızwe are going to be able to improve | sizigilenallıqsızyou all are going to be able to improve | alaigilenallıqdılathey are going to be able to improve |
| Ability — future II | menigilenallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to improve | senigilenallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to improve | oligilenallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to improve | bizigilenallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to improve | sizigilenallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to improve | alaigilenallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to improve |
| Ability — future II | menigilenallıqmamı? igilenallıqmıma?am I going to be able to improve? | senigilenallıqmısa?are you going to be able to improve? | oligilenallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to improve? | bizigilenallıqbızmı? igilenallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to improve? | sizigilenallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to improve? | alaigilenallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to improve? |
| Ability — future II | menigilenallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to improve? | senigilenallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to improve? | oligilenallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to improve? | bizigilenallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to improve? | sizigilenallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to improve? | alaigilenallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to improve? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menigilenalır edimigilenalır emI would be able to improve | senigilenalır ediŋigilenalır eŋyou would be able to improve | oligilenalır ediigilenalır edhe would be able to improve | bizigilenalır edikigilenalır ekwe would be able to improve | sizigilenalır edigizigilenalır egizyou all would be able to improve | alaigilenalır edileigilenalır ellethey would be able to improve |
| Ability — would be able to… | menigilenalmaz edimigilenalmaz emI wouldn't be able to improve | senigilenalmaz ediŋigilenalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to improve | oligilenalmaz ediigilenalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to improve | bizigilenalmaz edikigilenalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to improve | sizigilenalmaz edigizigilenalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to improve | alaigilenalmaz edileigilenalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to improve |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senigilenalğınigilenalğımay you be able to improve | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senigilenalmağınigilenalmağımay you not be able to improve | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menigilenirge izleymeI want to improve | senigilenirge izleyseyou want to improve | oligilenirge izleydihe wants to improve | bizigilenirge izleybizwe want to improve | sizigilenirge izleysizyou all want to improve | alaigilenirge izleydilethey want to improve |
| want to | menigilenirge izlemeymeI do not want to improve | senigilenirge izlemeyseyou do not want to improve | oligilenirge izlemeydihe does not want to improve | bizigilenirge izlemeybizwe do not want to improve | sizigilenirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to improve | alaigilenirge izlemeydilethey do not want to improve |
| would like to | menigilenirge süemeI would like to improve | senigilenirge süeseyou would like to improve | oligilenirge süedihe would like to improve | bizigilenirge süebizwe would like to improve | sizigilenirge süesizyou all would like to improve | alaigilenirge süedilethey would like to improve |
| would like to | menigilenirge süymeymeI would not like to improve | senigilenirge süymeyseyou would not like to improve | oligilenirge süymeydihe would not like to improve | bizigilenirge süymeybizwe would not like to improve | sizigilenirge süymeysizyou all would not like to improve | alaigilenirge süymeydilethey would not like to improve |
| hope to | menigilenirge umutlanamaI hope to improve | senigilenirge umutlanasayou hope to improve | oligilenirge umutlanadıhe hopes to improve | bizigilenirge umutlanabızwe hope to improve | sizigilenirge umutlanasızyou all hope to improve | alaigilenirge umutlanadılathey hope to improve |
| hope to | menigilenirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to improve | senigilenirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to improve | oligilenirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to improve | bizigilenirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to improve | sizigilenirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to improve | alaigilenirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to improve |
| be about to | menigilenirge deb turamaI am about to improve | senigilenirge deb turasayou are about to improve | oligilenirge deb turadıhe is about to improve | bizigilenirge deb turabızwe are about to improve | sizigilenirge deb turasızyou all are about to improve | alaigilenirge deb turadılathey are about to improve |
| be about to | menigilenirge deb turmaymaI am not about to improve | senigilenirge deb turmaysayou are not about to improve | oligilenirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to improve | bizigilenirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to improve | sizigilenirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to improve | alaigilenirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to improve |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menigilenirge kerekmeI need to improve | senigilenirge kerekseyou need to improve | oligilenirge kerekdihe needs to improve | bizigilenirge kerekbizwe need to improve | sizigilenirge kereksizyou all need to improve | alaigilenirge kerekdilethey need to improve |
| need to | menigilenirge kerek tülmeI do not need to improve | senigilenirge kerek tülseyou do not need to improve | oligilenirge kerek tüldühe does not need to improve | bizigilenirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to improve | sizigilenirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to improve | alaigilenirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to improve |
| have to | menmenŋe igilenirge tüşediI have to improve | sensenŋe igilenirge tüşediyou have to improve | olaŋa igilenirge tüşedihe has to improve | bizbizge igilenirge tüşediwe have to improve | sizsizge igilenirge tüşediyou all have to improve | alaalağa igilenirge tüşedithey have to improve |
| have to | menmenŋe igilenirge tüşmeydiI do not have to improve | sensenŋe igilenirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to improve | olaŋa igilenirge tüşmeydihe does not have to improve | bizbizge igilenirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to improve | sizsizge igilenirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to improve | alaalağa igilenirge tüşmeydithey do not have to improve |
| be obliged to | menigilenirge borçlumaI am obliged to improve | senigilenirge borçlusayou are obliged to improve | oligilenirge borçluduhe is obliged to improve | bizigilenirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to improve | sizigilenirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to improve | alaigilenirge borçludulathey are obliged to improve |
| be obliged to | menigilenirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to improve | senigilenirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to improve | oligilenirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to improve | bizigilenirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to improve | sizigilenirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to improve | alaigilenirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to improve |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menigilenirge madarım bardıI have a way to improve | senigilenirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to improve | oligilenirge madarı bardıhe has a way to improve | bizigilenirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to improve | sizigilenirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to improve | alaigilenirge madarları bardıthey have a way to improve |
| have a way to | menigilenirge madarım joqduI have no way to improve | senigilenirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to improve | oligilenirge madarı joqduhe has no way to improve | bizigilenirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to improve | sizigilenirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to improve | alaigilenirge madarları joqduthey have no way to improve |
| be free to | menigilenirge erkinligim bardıI am free to improve | senigilenirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to improve | oligilenirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to improve | bizigilenirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to improve | sizigilenirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to improve | alaigilenirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to improve |
| be free to | menigilenirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to improve | senigilenirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to improve | oligilenirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to improve | bizigilenirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to improve | sizigilenirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to improve | alaigilenirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to improve |
| be possible to | menmenŋe igilenirge bolluqduit is possible for me to improve | sensenŋe igilenirge bolluqduit is possible for you to improve | olaŋa igilenirge bolluqduit is possible for him to improve | bizbizge igilenirge bolluqduit is possible for us to improve | sizsizge igilenirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to improve | alaalağa igilenirge bolluqduit is possible for them to improve |
| be possible to | menmenŋe igilenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to improve | sensenŋe igilenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to improve | olaŋa igilenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to improve | bizbizge igilenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to improve | sizsizge igilenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to improve | alaalağa igilenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to improve |
| be ready to | menigilenirge hazırmaI am ready to improve | senigilenirge hazırsayou are ready to improve | oligilenirge hazırdıhe is ready to improve | bizigilenirge hazırbızwe are ready to improve | sizigilenirge hazırsızyou all are ready to improve | alaigilenirge hazırdılathey are ready to improve |
| be ready to | menigilenirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to improve | senigilenirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to improve | oligilenirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to improve | bizigilenirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to improve | sizigilenirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to improve | alaigilenirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to improve |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menigilenirge küreşemeI am trying to improve | senigilenirge küreşeseyou are trying to improve | oligilenirge küreşedihe is trying to improve | bizigilenirge küreşebizwe are trying to improve | sizigilenirge küreşesizyou all are trying to improve | alaigilenirge küreşedilethey are trying to improve |
| try to | menigilenirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to improve | senigilenirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to improve | oligilenirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to improve | bizigilenirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to improve | sizigilenirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to improve | alaigilenirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to improve |
| agree to | menigilenirge unaymaI agree to improve | senigilenirge unaysayou agree to improve | oligilenirge unaydıhe agrees to improve | bizigilenirge unaybızwe agree to improve | sizigilenirge unaysızyou all agree to improve | alaigilenirge unaydılathey agree to improve |
| agree to | menigilenirge unamaymaI refuse to improve | senigilenirge unamaysayou refuse to improve | oligilenirge unamaydıhe refuses to improve | bizigilenirge unamaybızwe refuse to improve | sizigilenirge unamaysızyou all refuse to improve | alaigilenirge unamaydılathey refuse to improve |
| hurry to | menigilenirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to improve | senigilenirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to improve | oligilenirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to improve | bizigilenirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to improve | sizigilenirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to improve | alaigilenirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to improve |
| hurry to | menigilenirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to improve | senigilenirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to improve | oligilenirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to improve | bizigilenirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to improve | sizigilenirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to improve | alaigilenirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to improve |
| be afraid to | menigilenirge qorqamaI am afraid to improve | senigilenirge qorqasayou are afraid to improve | oligilenirge qorqadıhe is afraid to improve | bizigilenirge qorqabızwe are afraid to improve | sizigilenirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to improve | alaigilenirge qorqadılathey are afraid to improve |
| be afraid to | menigilenirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to improve | senigilenirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to improve | oligilenirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to improve | bizigilenirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to improve | sizigilenirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to improve | alaigilenirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to improve |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menigilene bolmazmaI can't be improving | senigilene bolmazsayou can't be improving | oligilene bolmazhe can't be improving | bizigilene bolmazbızwe can't be improving | sizigilene bolmazsızyou all can't be improving | alaigilene bolmazlathey can't be improving |
| Inference, present — double negation | menigilenmey bolmazmaI must be improving (emphatic) | senigilenmey bolmazsayou must be improving (emphatic) | oligilenmey bolmazhe must be improving (emphatic) | bizigilenmey bolmazbızwe must be improving (emphatic) | sizigilenmey bolmazsızyou all must be improving (emphatic) | alaigilenmey bolmazlathey must be improving (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menigilene turmasamif I don't keep improving | senigilene turmasaŋif you don't keep improving | oligilene turmasaif he doesn't keep improving | bizigilene turmasaqif we don't keep improving | sizigilene turmasağızif you all don't keep improving | alaigilene turmasalaif they don't keep improving |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menigilene tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of improving | senigilene tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of improving | oligilene tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of improving | bizigilene tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of improving | sizigilene tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of improving | alaigilene tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of improving |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menigilenmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not improving (emphatic) | senigilenmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not improving (emphatic) | oligilenmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not improving (emphatic) | bizigilenmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not improving (emphatic) | sizigilenmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not improving (emphatic) | alaigilenmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not improving (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menigilenmey turamaI keep on not improving | senigilenmey turasayou keep on not improving | oligilenmey turadıhe keeps on not improving | bizigilenmey turabızwe keep on not improving | sizigilenmey turasızyou all keep on not improving | alaigilenmey turadılathey keep on not improving |
| Progressive — double negation | menigilenmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not improving | senigilenmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not improving | oligilenmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not improving | bizigilenmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not improving | sizigilenmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not improving | alaigilenmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not improving |
| Progressive — double negation | menigilenmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not improving? | senigilenmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not improving? | oligilenmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not improving? | bizigilenmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not improving? | sizigilenmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not improving? | alaigilenmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not improving? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menigilenŋen bolmazmaI can't have improved | senigilenŋen bolmazsayou can't have improved | oligilenŋen bolmazhe can't have improved | bizigilenŋen bolmazbızwe can't have improved | sizigilenŋen bolmazsızyou all can't have improved | alaigilenŋen bolmazlathey can't have improved |
| Inference — double negation | menigilenmegen bolmazmaI must have improved (emphatic) | senigilenmegen bolmazsayou must have improved (emphatic) | oligilenmegen bolmazhe must have improved (emphatic) | bizigilenmegen bolmazbızwe must have improved (emphatic) | sizigilenmegen bolmazsızyou all must have improved (emphatic) | alaigilenmegen bolmazlathey must have improved (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menigilenŋen bolmasamif it weren't that I had improved | senigilenŋen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had improved | oligilenŋen bolmasaif it weren't that he had improved | bizigilenŋen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had improved | sizigilenŋen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had improved | alaigilenŋen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had improved |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menigilenmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't improved | senigilenmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't improved | oligilenmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't improved | bizigilenmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't improved | sizigilenmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't improved | alaigilenmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't improved |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menigilennik bolmazmaI can't be going to improve | senigilennik bolmazsayou can't be going to improve | oligilennik bolmazhe can't be going to improve | bizigilennik bolmazbızwe can't be going to improve | sizigilennik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to improve | alaigilennik bolmazlathey can't be going to improve |
| Inference, future — double negation | menigilenmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to improve (emphatic) | senigilenmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to improve (emphatic) | oligilenmezlik bolmazhe must be going to improve (emphatic) | bizigilenmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to improve (emphatic) | sizigilenmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to improve (emphatic) | alaigilenmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to improve (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menigilennik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to improve | senigilennik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to improve | oligilennik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to improve | bizigilennik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to improve | sizigilennik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to improve | alaigilennik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to improve |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menigilenmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to improve | senigilenmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to improve | oligilenmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to improve | bizigilenmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to improve | sizigilenmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to improve | alaigilenmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to improve |