bırğalırğa
/bɯrʁalɯrʁa/
be thrown, be flung, be tossed aside, be hurled — Passive of bırğarğa.
- bir janına bırğalırğa — to be flung to one side
- taş bırğaldı — the stone was flung
- kitabla jerge bırğalğandıla — the books have been thrown on the ground
- suwdan bırğalğan çabaq kibik — like a fish thrown out of the water
- bırğalıb qaldı — it was left thrown aside
Conjugation
Common forms
- bırğaladıhe is being flung
- bırğaldıhe was flung
- bırğalğandıhe has been flung
- bırğalırhe will be flung
- bırğallıqdıhe is going to be flung
- bırğala edihe was being flung
- bırğalsaif he is flung
- bırğal!be flung!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbırğalamaI am being flung | senbırğalasayou are being flung | olbırğaladıhe is being flung | bizbırğalabızwe are being flung | sizbırğalasızyou all are being flung | alabırğaladılathey are being flung |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbırğalmaymaI am not being flung | senbırğalmaysayou are not being flung | olbırğalmaydıhe is not being flung | bizbırğalmaybızwe are not being flung | sizbırğalmaysızyou all are not being flung | alabırğalmaydılathey are not being flung |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbırğalamamı? bırğalamıma?am I being flung? | senbırğalamısa?are you being flung? | olbırğalamıdı?is he being flung? | bizbırğalabızmı? bırğalamıbız?are we being flung? | sizbırğalamısız?are you all being flung? | alabırğalamıdıla?are they being flung? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbırğalmaymamı? bırğalmaymıma?aren't I being flung? | senbırğalmaymısa?aren't you being flung? | olbırğalmaymıdı?isn't he being flung? | bizbırğalmaybızmı? bırğalmaymıbız?aren't we being flung? | sizbırğalmaymısız?aren't you all being flung? | alabırğalmaymıdıla?aren't they being flung? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbırğalıwçanmaI am usually flung | senbırğalıwçansayou are usually flung | olbırğalıwçandıhe is usually flung | bizbırğalıwçanbızwe are usually flung | sizbırğalıwçansızyou all are usually flung | alabırğalıwçandılathey are usually flung |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbırğalmawçanmaI am usually not flung | senbırğalmawçansayou are usually not flung | olbırğalmawçandıhe is usually not flung | bizbırğalmawçanbızwe are usually not flung | sizbırğalmawçansızyou all are usually not flung | alabırğalmawçandılathey are usually not flung |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbırğalıwçanmamı? bırğalıwçanmıma?am I usually flung? | senbırğalıwçanmısa?are you usually flung? | olbırğalıwçanmıdı?is he usually flung? | bizbırğalıwçanbızmı? bırğalıwçanmıbız?are we usually flung? | sizbırğalıwçanmısız?are you all usually flung? | alabırğalıwçanmıdıla?are they usually flung? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbırğalmawçanmamı? bırğalmawçanmıma?am I usually not flung? | senbırğalmawçanmısa?are you usually not flung? | olbırğalmawçanmıdı?is he usually not flung? | bizbırğalmawçanbızmı? bırğalmawçanmıbız?are we usually not flung? | sizbırğalmawçanmısız?are you all usually not flung? | alabırğalmawçanmıdıla?are they usually not flung? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbırğalıbdıhe has been flung and remains so | alabırğalıbdılathey have been flung and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbırğalıbmıdı?has he been flung? | alabırğalıbmıdıla?have they been flung? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbırğalıb turamaI remain flung | senbırğalıb turasayou remain flung | olbırğalıb turadıhe remains flung | bizbırğalıb turabızwe remain flung | sizbırğalıb turasızyou all remain flung | alabırğalıb turadılathey remain flung |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbırğalıb turmaymaI don't remain flung | senbırğalıb turmaysayou don't remain flung | olbırğalıb turmaydıhe doesn't remain flung | bizbırğalıb turmaybızwe don't remain flung | sizbırğalıb turmaysızyou all don't remain flung | alabırğalıb turmaydılathey don't remain flung |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbırğalıb turamamı? bırğalıb turamıma?do I remain flung? | senbırğalıb turamısa?do you remain flung? | olbırğalıb turamıdı?does he remain flung? | bizbırğalıb turabızmı? bırğalıb turamıbız?do we remain flung? | sizbırğalıb turamısız?do you all remain flung? | alabırğalıb turamıdıla?do they remain flung? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbırğalıb turmaymamı? bırğalıb turmaymıma?don't I remain flung? | senbırğalıb turmaymısa?don't you remain flung? | olbırğalıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he remain flung? | bizbırğalıb turmaybızmı? bırğalıb turmaymıbız?don't we remain flung? | sizbırğalıb turmaymısız?don't you all remain flung? | alabırğalıb turmaymıdıla?don't they remain flung? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbırğala turamaI am in the middle of being flung | senbırğala turasayou are in the middle of being flung | olbırğala turadıhe is in the middle of being flung | bizbırğala turabızwe are in the middle of being flung | sizbırğala turasızyou all are in the middle of being flung | alabırğala turadılathey are in the middle of being flung |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbırğala turmaymaI am not in the middle of being flung | senbırğala turmaysayou are not in the middle of being flung | olbırğala turmaydıhe is not in the middle of being flung | bizbırğala turmaybızwe are not in the middle of being flung | sizbırğala turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of being flung | alabırğala turmaydılathey are not in the middle of being flung |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbırğala turamamı? bırğala turamıma?am I in the middle of being flung? | senbırğala turamısa?are you in the middle of being flung? | olbırğala turamıdı?is he in the middle of being flung? | bizbırğala turabızmı? bırğala turamıbız?are we in the middle of being flung? | sizbırğala turamısız?are you all in the middle of being flung? | alabırğala turamıdıla?are they in the middle of being flung? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbırğala turmaymamı? bırğala turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of being flung? | senbırğala turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of being flung? | olbırğala turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of being flung? | bizbırğala turmaybızmı? bırğala turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of being flung? | sizbırğala turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of being flung? | alabırğala turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of being flung? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbırğaldımI was flung | senbırğaldıŋyou were flung | olbırğaldıhe was flung | bizbırğaldıqwe were flung | sizbırğaldığızyou all were flung | alabırğaldılathey were flung |
| Simple past (definite) | menbırğalmadımI wasn't flung | senbırğalmadıŋyou weren't flung | olbırğalmadıhe wasn't flung | bizbırğalmadıqwe weren't flung | sizbırğalmadığızyou all weren't flung | alabırğalmadılathey weren't flung |
| Simple past (definite) | menbırğaldımmı?was I flung? | senbırğaldıŋmı?were you flung? | olbırğaldımı?was he flung? | bizbırğaldıqmı?were we flung? | sizbırğaldığızmı?were you all flung? | alabırğaldılamı?were they flung? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbırğalmadımmı?wasn't I flung? | senbırğalmadıŋmı?weren't you flung? | olbırğalmadımı?wasn't he flung? | bizbırğalmadıqmı?weren't we flung? | sizbırğalmadığızmı?weren't you all flung? | alabırğalmadılamı?weren't they flung? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbırğalğanmaI have been flung | senbırğalğansayou have been flung | olbırğalğandıhe has been flung | bizbırğalğanbızwe have been flung | sizbırğalğansızyou all have been flung | alabırğalğandılathey have been flung |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbırğalmağanmaI haven't been flung | senbırğalmağansayou haven't been flung | olbırğalmağandıhe hasn't been flung | bizbırğalmağanbızwe haven't been flung | sizbırğalmağansızyou all haven't been flung | alabırğalmağandılathey haven't been flung |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbırğalğanmamı? bırğalğanmıma?have I been flung? | senbırğalğanmısa?have you been flung? | olbırğalğanmıdı?has he been flung? | bizbırğalğanbızmı? bırğalğanmıbız?have we been flung? | sizbırğalğanmısız?have you all been flung? | alabırğalğanmıdıla?have they been flung? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbırğalmağanmamı? bırğalmağanmıma?haven't I been flung? | senbırğalmağanmısa?haven't you been flung? | olbırğalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been flung? | bizbırğalmağanbızmı? bırğalmağanmıbız?haven't we been flung? | sizbırğalmağanmısız?haven't you all been flung? | alabırğalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been flung? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbırğalıb turdumI remained flung | senbırğalıb turduŋyou remained flung | olbırğalıb turduhe remained flung | bizbırğalıb turduqwe remained flung | sizbırğalıb turduğuzyou all remained flung | alabırğalıb turdulathey remained flung |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbırğalıb turmadımI didn't remain flung | senbırğalıb turmadıŋyou didn't remain flung | olbırğalıb turmadıhe didn't remain flung | bizbırğalıb turmadıqwe didn't remain flung | sizbırğalıb turmadığızyou all didn't remain flung | alabırğalıb turmadılathey didn't remain flung |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbırğalırmaI will be flung | senbırğalırsayou will be flung | olbırğalırhe will be flung | bizbırğalırbızwe will be flung | sizbırğalırsızyou all will be flung | alabırğalırlathey will be flung |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbırğalmazmaI won't be flung | senbırğalmazsayou won't be flung | olbırğalmazhe won't be flung | bizbırğalmazbızwe won't be flung | sizbırğalmazsızyou all won't be flung | alabırğalmazlathey won't be flung |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbırğalırmamı? bırğalırmıma?will I be flung? | senbırğalırmısa?will you be flung? | olbırğalırmı?will he be flung? | bizbırğalırbızmı? bırğalırmıbız?will we be flung? | sizbırğalırmısız?will you all be flung? | alabırğalırlamı? bırğalırmıla?will they be flung? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbırğalmazmamı? bırğalmazmıma?won't I be flung? | senbırğalmazmısa?won't you be flung? | olbırğalmazmı?won't he be flung? | bizbırğalmazbızmı? bırğalmazmıbız?won't we be flung? | sizbırğalmazmısız?won't you all be flung? | alabırğalmazlamı? bırğalmazmıla?won't they be flung? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbırğallıqmaI am going to be flung | senbırğallıqsayou are going to be flung | olbırğallıqdıhe is going to be flung | bizbırğallıqbızwe are going to be flung | sizbırğallıqsızyou all are going to be flung | alabırğallıqdılathey are going to be flung |
| Definite future (future II) | menbırğallıq tülmeI am not going to be flung | senbırğallıq tülseyou are not going to be flung | olbırğallıq tüldühe is not going to be flung | bizbırğallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be flung | sizbırğallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be flung | alabırğallıq tüldülethey are not going to be flung |
| Definite future (future II) | menbırğallıqmamı? bırğallıqmıma?am I going to be flung? | senbırğallıqmısa?are you going to be flung? | olbırğallıqmıdı?is he going to be flung? | bizbırğallıqbızmı? bırğallıqmıbız?are we going to be flung? | sizbırğallıqmısız?are you all going to be flung? | alabırğallıqmıdıla?are they going to be flung? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbırğallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be flung? | senbırğallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be flung? | olbırğallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be flung? | bizbırğallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be flung? | sizbırğallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be flung? | alabırğallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be flung? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbırğalğan edimbırğalğanemI had been flung | senbırğalğan ediŋbırğalğaneŋyou had been flung | olbırğalğan edibırğalğanedhe had been flung | bizbırğalğan edikbırğalğanekwe had been flung | sizbırğalğan edigizbırğalğanegizyou all had been flung | alabırğalğan edilebırğalğanellethey had been flung |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbırğalmağan edimbırğalmağanemI hadn't been flung | senbırğalmağan ediŋbırğalmağaneŋyou hadn't been flung | olbırğalmağan edibırğalmağanedhe hadn't been flung | bizbırğalmağan edikbırğalmağanekwe hadn't been flung | sizbırğalmağan edigizbırğalmağanegizyou all hadn't been flung | alabırğalmağan edilebırğalmağanellethey hadn't been flung |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbırğala edimbırğalaemI was being flung | senbırğala ediŋbırğalaeŋyou were being flung | olbırğala edibırğalaedhe was being flung | bizbırğala edikbırğalaekwe were being flung | sizbırğala edigizbırğalaegizyou all were being flung | alabırğala edilebırğalaellethey were being flung |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbırğalmay edimbırğalmayemI wasn't being flung | senbırğalmay ediŋbırğalmayeŋyou weren't being flung | olbırğalmay edibırğalmayedhe wasn't being flung | bizbırğalmay edikbırğalmayekwe weren't being flung | sizbırğalmay edigizbırğalmayegizyou all weren't being flung | alabırğalmay edilebırğalmayellethey weren't being flung |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbırğalıwçan edimbırğalıwçanemI used to be flung | senbırğalıwçan ediŋbırğalıwçaneŋyou used to be flung | olbırğalıwçan edibırğalıwçanedhe used to be flung | bizbırğalıwçan edikbırğalıwçanekwe used to be flung | sizbırğalıwçan edigizbırğalıwçanegizyou all used to be flung | alabırğalıwçan edilebırğalıwçanellethey used to be flung |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbırğalmawçan edimbırğalmawçanemI didn't use to be flung | senbırğalmawçan ediŋbırğalmawçaneŋyou didn't use to be flung | olbırğalmawçan edibırğalmawçanedhe didn't use to be flung | bizbırğalmawçan edikbırğalmawçanekwe didn't use to be flung | sizbırğalmawçan edigizbırğalmawçanegizyou all didn't use to be flung | alabırğalmawçan edilebırğalmawçanellethey didn't use to be flung |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbırğalıb edihe had been flung and remained so | alabırğalıb edilethey had been flung and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbırğalıb tül edihe hadn't been flung | alabırğalıb tül edilethey hadn't been flung | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbırğalıb tura edimbırğalıb turaemI had remained flung | senbırğalıb tura ediŋbırğalıb turaeŋyou had remained flung | olbırğalıb tura edibırğalıb turaedhe had remained flung | bizbırğalıb tura edikbırğalıb turaekwe had remained flung | sizbırğalıb tura edigizbırğalıb turaegizyou all had remained flung | alabırğalıb tura edilebırğalıb turaellethey had remained flung |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbırğalıb turmay edimbırğalıb turmayemI hadn't remained flung | senbırğalıb turmay ediŋbırğalıb turmayeŋyou hadn't remained flung | olbırğalıb turmay edibırğalıb turmayedhe hadn't remained flung | bizbırğalıb turmay edikbırğalıb turmayekwe hadn't remained flung | sizbırğalıb turmay edigizbırğalıb turmayegizyou all hadn't remained flung | alabırğalıb turmay edilebırğalıb turmayellethey hadn't remained flung |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbırğala tura edimbırğala turaemI was in the middle of being flung | senbırğala tura ediŋbırğala turaeŋyou were in the middle of being flung | olbırğala tura edibırğala turaedhe was in the middle of being flung | bizbırğala tura edikbırğala turaekwe were in the middle of being flung | sizbırğala tura edigizbırğala turaegizyou all were in the middle of being flung | alabırğala tura edilebırğala turaellethey were in the middle of being flung |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbırğala turmay edimbırğala turmayemI wasn't in the middle of being flung | senbırğala turmay ediŋbırğala turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of being flung | olbırğala turmay edibırğala turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of being flung | bizbırğala turmay edikbırğala turmayekwe weren't in the middle of being flung | sizbırğala turmay edigizbırğala turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of being flung | alabırğala turmay edilebırğala turmayellethey weren't in the middle of being flung |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbırğalır edimbırğalır emI would be flung | senbırğalır ediŋbırğalır eŋyou would be flung | olbırğalır edibırğalır edhe would be flung | bizbırğalır edikbırğalır ekwe would be flung | sizbırğalır edigizbırğalır egizyou all would be flung | alabırğalır edilebırğalır ellethey would be flung |
| Conditional result (would) | menbırğalmaz edimbırğalmaz emI wouldn't be flung | senbırğalmaz ediŋbırğalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be flung | olbırğalmaz edibırğalmaz edhe wouldn't be flung | bizbırğalmaz edikbırğalmaz ekwe wouldn't be flung | sizbırğalmaz edigizbırğalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be flung | alabırğalmaz edilebırğalmaz ellethey wouldn't be flung |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbırğallıq edimbırğallıq emI would have been flung | senbırğallıq ediŋbırğallıq eŋyou would have been flung | olbırğallıq edibırğallıq edhe would have been flung | bizbırğallıq edikbırğallıq ekwe would have been flung | sizbırğallıq edigizbırğallıq egizyou all would have been flung | alabırğallıq edilebırğallıq ellethey would have been flung |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbırğallıq tül edimbırğallıq tül emI wouldn't have been flung | senbırğallıq tül ediŋbırğallıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have been flung | olbırğallıq tül edibırğallıq tül edhe wouldn't have been flung | bizbırğallıq tül edikbırğallıq tül ekwe wouldn't have been flung | sizbırğallıq tül edigizbırğallıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have been flung | alabırğallıq tül edilebırğallıq tül ellethey wouldn't have been flung |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbırğalsamif I am flung | senbırğalsaŋif you are flung | olbırğalsaif he is flung | bizbırğalsaqif we are flung | sizbırğalsağızif you all are flung | alabırğalsalaif they are flung |
| Conditional | menbırğalmasamif I am not flung | senbırğalmasaŋif you are not flung | olbırğalmasaif he is not flung | bizbırğalmasaqif we are not flung | sizbırğalmasağızif you all are not flung | alabırğalmasalaif they are not flung |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbırğala esemif I am being flung | senbırğala eseŋif you are being flung | olbırğala eseif he is being flung | bizbırğala esekif we are being flung | sizbırğala esegizif you all are being flung | alabırğala eseleif they are being flung |
| Conditional, present real | menbırğalmay esemif I am not being flung | senbırğalmay eseŋif you are not being flung | olbırğalmay eseif he is not being flung | bizbırğalmay esekif we are not being flung | sizbırğalmay esegizif you all are not being flung | alabırğalmay eseleif they are not being flung |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbırğalsam edibırğalsam edif only I was flung | senbırğalsaŋ edibırğalsaŋ edif only you was flung | olbırğalsa edibırğalsaedif only he was flung | bizbırğalsaq edibırğalsaq edif only we was flung | sizbırğalsağız edibırğalsağız edif only you all was flung | alabırğalsala edibırğalsalaedif only they was flung |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbırğalmasam edibırğalmasam edif only I didn't be flung | senbırğalmasaŋ edibırğalmasaŋ edif only you didn't be flung | olbırğalmasa edibırğalmasaedif only he didn't be flung | bizbırğalmasaq edibırğalmasaq edif only we didn't be flung | sizbırğalmasağız edibırğalmasağız edif only you all didn't be flung | alabırğalmasala edibırğalmasalaedif only they didn't be flung |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbırğalıb tursamif I remain flung | senbırğalıb tursaŋif you remain flung | olbırğalıb tursaif he remains flung | bizbırğalıb tursaqif we remain flung | sizbırğalıb tursağızif you all remain flung | alabırğalıb tursalaif they remain flung |
| Durative conditional | menbırğalıb turmasamif I don't remain flung | senbırğalıb turmasaŋif you don't remain flung | olbırğalıb turmasaif he doesn't remain flung | bizbırğalıb turmasaqif we don't remain flung | sizbırğalıb turmasağızif you all don't remain flung | alabırğalıb turmasalaif they don't remain flung |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbırğalıb tura esemif I have remained flung | senbırğalıb tura eseŋif you have remained flung | olbırğalıb tura eseif he has remained flung | bizbırğalıb tura esekif we have remained flung | sizbırğalıb tura esegizif you all have remained flung | alabırğalıb tura eseleif they have remained flung |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbırğalıb turmay esemif I haven't remained flung | senbırğalıb turmay eseŋif you haven't remained flung | olbırğalıb turmay eseif he hasn't remained flung | bizbırğalıb turmay esekif we haven't remained flung | sizbırğalıb turmay esegizif you all haven't remained flung | alabırğalıb turmay eseleif they haven't remained flung |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbırğala tursamif I keep being flung | senbırğala tursaŋif you keep being flung | olbırğala tursaif he keeps being flung | bizbırğala tursaqif we keep being flung | sizbırğala tursağızif you all keep being flung | alabırğala tursalaif they keep being flung |
| Progressive conditional | menbırğalmay tursamif I keep on not being flung | senbırğalmay tursaŋif you keep on not being flung | olbırğalmay tursaif he keeps on not being flung | bizbırğalmay tursaqif we keep on not being flung | sizbırğalmay tursağızif you all keep on not being flung | alabırğalmay tursalaif they keep on not being flung |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbırğala tura esemif I am in the middle of being flung | senbırğala tura eseŋif you are in the middle of being flung | olbırğala tura eseif he is in the middle of being flung | bizbırğala tura esekif we are in the middle of being flung | sizbırğala tura esegizif you all are in the middle of being flung | alabırğala tura eseleif they are in the middle of being flung |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbırğalmay tura esemif I keep on not being flung | senbırğalmay tura eseŋif you keep on not being flung | olbırğalmay tura eseif he keeps on not being flung | bizbırğalmay tura esekif we keep on not being flung | sizbırğalmay tura esegizif you all keep on not being flung | alabırğalmay tura eseleif they keep on not being flung |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbırğaldım esemif I was flung | senbırğaldıŋ eseŋif you were flung | olbırğaldı eseif he was flung | bizbırğaldıq esekif we were flung | sizbırğaldığız esegizif you all were flung | alabırğaldıla eseleif they were flung |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbırğalmadım esemif I wasn't flung | senbırğalmadıŋ eseŋif you weren't flung | olbırğalmadı eseif he wasn't flung | bizbırğalmadıq esekif we weren't flung | sizbırğalmadığız esegizif you all weren't flung | alabırğalmadıla eseleif they weren't flung |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbırğalğan esemif I was flung (indeed) | senbırğalğan eseŋif you were flung (indeed) | olbırğalğan eseif he was flung (indeed) | bizbırğalğan esekif we were flung (indeed) | sizbırğalğan esegizif you all were flung (indeed) | alabırğalğan eseleif they were flung (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbırğalmağan esemif I wasn't flung (indeed) | senbırğalmağan eseŋif you weren't flung (indeed) | olbırğalmağan eseif he wasn't flung (indeed) | bizbırğalmağan esekif we weren't flung (indeed) | sizbırğalmağan esegizif you all weren't flung (indeed) | alabırğalmağan eseleif they weren't flung (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbırğalğan bolsamif I had been flung | senbırğalğan bolsaŋif you had been flung | olbırğalğan bolsaif he had been flung | bizbırğalğan bolsaqif we had been flung | sizbırğalğan bolsağızif you all had been flung | alabırğalğan bolsalaif they had been flung |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbırğalmağan bolsamif I hadn't been flung | senbırğalmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't been flung | olbırğalmağan bolsaif he hadn't been flung | bizbırğalmağan bolsaqif we hadn't been flung | sizbırğalmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't been flung | alabırğalmağan bolsalaif they hadn't been flung |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbırğalğan bolsam edibırğalğan bolsam edif only I had been flung | senbırğalğan bolsaŋ edibırğalğan bolsaŋ edif only you had been flung | olbırğalğan bolsa edibırğalğan bolsaedif only he had been flung | bizbırğalğan bolsaq edibırğalğan bolsaq edif only we had been flung | sizbırğalğan bolsağız edibırğalğan bolsağız edif only you all had been flung | alabırğalğan bolsala edibırğalğan bolsalaedif only they had been flung |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbırğalmağan bolsam edibırğalmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't been flung | senbırğalmağan bolsaŋ edibırğalmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't been flung | olbırğalmağan bolsa edibırğalmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't been flung | bizbırğalmağan bolsaq edibırğalmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't been flung | sizbırğalmağan bolsağız edibırğalmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't been flung | alabırğalmağan bolsala edibırğalmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't been flung |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbırğalır esemif I will be flung | senbırğalır eseŋif you will be flung | olbırğalır eseif he will be flung | bizbırğalır esekif we will be flung | sizbırğalır esegizif you all will be flung | alabırğalır eseleif they will be flung |
| Conditional, aorist | menbırğalmaz esemif I won't be flung | senbırğalmaz eseŋif you won't be flung | olbırğalmaz eseif he won't be flung | bizbırğalmaz esekif we won't be flung | sizbırğalmaz esegizif you all won't be flung | alabırğalmaz eseleif they won't be flung |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbırğallıq esemif I am going to be flung | senbırğallıq eseŋif you are going to be flung | olbırğallıq eseif he is going to be flung | bizbırğallıq esekif we are going to be flung | sizbırğallıq esegizif you all are going to be flung | alabırğallıq eseleif they are going to be flung |
| Conditional, future | menbırğallıq tül esemif I am not going to be flung | senbırğallıq tül eseŋif you are not going to be flung | olbırğallıq tül eseif he is not going to be flung | bizbırğallıq tül esekif we are not going to be flung | sizbırğallıq tül esegizif you all are not going to be flung | alabırğallıq tül eseleif they are not going to be flung |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbırğallıq bolsamif I were going to be flung | senbırğallıq bolsaŋif you were going to be flung | olbırğallıq bolsaif he were going to be flung | bizbırğallıq bolsaqif we were going to be flung | sizbırğallıq bolsağızif you all were going to be flung | alabırğallıq bolsalaif they were going to be flung |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbırğalmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to be flung | senbırğalmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to be flung | olbırğalmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to be flung | bizbırğalmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to be flung | sizbırğalmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to be flung | alabırğalmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to be flung |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bırğaldıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbırğala bolurmaI must be being flung | senbırğala bolursayou must be being flung | olbırğala bolurhe must be being flung | bizbırğala bolurbuzwe must be being flung | sizbırğala bolursuzyou all must be being flung | alabırğala bolurlathey must be being flung |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbırğalmay bolurmaI must not be being flung | senbırğalmay bolursayou must not be being flung | olbırğalmay bolurhe must not be being flung | bizbırğalmay bolurbuzwe must not be being flung | sizbırğalmay bolursuzyou all must not be being flung | alabırğalmay bolurlathey must not be being flung |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbırğala tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of being flung | senbırğala tura bolursayou must be in the middle of being flung | olbırğala tura bolurhe must be in the middle of being flung | bizbırğala tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of being flung | sizbırğala tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of being flung | alabırğala tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of being flung |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbırğalmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not being flung | senbırğalmay tura bolursayou must keep on not being flung | olbırğalmay tura bolurhe must keep on not being flung | bizbırğalmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not being flung | sizbırğalmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not being flung | alabırğalmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not being flung |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbırğalğan bolurmaI must have been flung | senbırğalğan bolursayou must have been flung | olbırğalğan bolurhe must have been flung | bizbırğalğan bolurbuzwe must have been flung | sizbırğalğan bolursuzyou all must have been flung | alabırğalğan bolurlathey must have been flung |
| Inference (must have) | menbırğalmağan bolurmaI must not have been flung | senbırğalmağan bolursayou must not have been flung | olbırğalmağan bolurhe must not have been flung | bizbırğalmağan bolurbuzwe must not have been flung | sizbırğalmağan bolursuzyou all must not have been flung | alabırğalmağan bolurlathey must not have been flung |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbırğallıq bolurmaI must be going to be flung | senbırğallıq bolursayou must be going to be flung | olbırğallıq bolurhe must be going to be flung | bizbırğallıq bolurbuzwe must be going to be flung | sizbırğallıq bolursuzyou all must be going to be flung | alabırğallıq bolurlathey must be going to be flung |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbırğalmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to be flung | senbırğalmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to be flung | olbırğalmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to be flung | bizbırğalmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to be flung | sizbırğalmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to be flung | alabırğalmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to be flung |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbırğalayımlet me be flung | senbırğal!be flung! | olbırğalsınlet him be flung | bizbırğalayıqlet's be flung | sizbırğalığız!be flung, you all! | alabırğalsınlalet them be flung |
| Commands & suggestions | menbırğalmayımlet me not be flung | senbırğalma!don't be flung! | olbırğalmasınlet him not be flung | bizbırğalmayıqlet's not be flung | sizbırğalmağız!don't be flung, you all! | alabırğalmasınlalet them not be flung |
| Commands & suggestions | menbırğalayımmı?shall I be flung? | olbırğalsınmı?should he be flung? | bizbırğalayıqmı?shall we be flung? | alabırğalsınlamı?should they be flung? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbırğalmayımmı?shall I not be flung? | olbırğalmasınmı?should he not be flung? | bizbırğalmayıqmı?shall we not be flung? | alabırğalmasınlamı?should they not be flung? | ||
| Requests | senbırğalçı2bırğalçınplease be flung | olbırğalsınçıdo let him be flung | sizbırğalçığızplease be flung (plural/polite) | alabırğalsınlaçıdo let them be flung | ||
| Requests | senbırğalmaçı2bırğalmaçınplease don't be flung | olbırğalmasınçıdo let him not be flung | sizbırğalmaçığızplease don't be flung (plural/polite) | alabırğalmasınlaçıdo let them not be flung | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbırğalğınbırğalğımay you be flung | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbırğalmağınbırğalmağımay you not be flung | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbırğalğay edim bırğalğa edimwould that I were flung | senbırğalğay ediŋ bırğalğa ediŋwould that you were flung | olbırğalğay edi bırğalğa ediwould that he were flung | bizbırğalğay edik bırğalğa edikwould that we were flung | sizbırğalğay edigiz bırğalğa edigizwould that you all were flung | alabırğalğay edile bırğalğa edilewould that they were flung |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbırğalmağay edim bırğalmağa edimwould that I were not flung | senbırğalmağay ediŋ bırğalmağa ediŋwould that you were not flung | olbırğalmağay edi bırğalmağa ediwould that he were not flung | bizbırğalmağay edik bırğalmağa edikwould that we were not flung | sizbırğalmağay edigiz bırğalmağa edigizwould that you all were not flung | alabırğalmağay edile bırğalmağa edilewould that they were not flung |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbırğalmağa qoyayımbırğalma qoyayımlet me allow someone to be flung | senbırğalmağa qoy!bırğalma qoy!let someone be flung! | olbırğalmağa qoysunbırğalma qoysunlet him allow someone to be flung | bizbırğalmağa qoyayıqbırğalma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to be flung | sizbırğalmağa qoyuğuz!bırğalma qoyuğuz!let someone be flung, you all! | alabırğalmağa qoysunlabırğalma qoysunlalet them allow someone to be flung |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbırğalmağa qoymayımbırğalma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to be flung | senbırğalmağa qoyma!bırğalma qoyma!don't let someone be flung! | olbırğalmağa qoymasınbırğalma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to be flung | bizbırğalmağa qoymayıqbırğalma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to be flung | sizbırğalmağa qoymağız!bırğalma qoymağız!don't let someone be flung, you all! | alabırğalmağa qoymasınlabırğalma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to be flung |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbırğalmağa qoyayımmı?bırğalma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to be flung? | olbırğalmağa qoysunmu?bırğalma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to be flung? | bizbırğalmağa qoyayıqmı?bırğalma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to be flung? | alabırğalmağa qoysunlamı?bırğalma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to be flung? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbırğalmağa qoymayımmı?bırğalma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to be flung? | olbırğalmağa qoymasınmı?bırğalma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to be flung? | bizbırğalmağa qoymayıqmı?bırğalma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to be flung? | alabırğalmağa qoymasınlamı?bırğalma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to be flung? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbırğalmağa qoyamabırğalma qoyamaI allow someone to be flung | senbırğalmağa qoyasabırğalma qoyasayou allow someone to be flung | olbırğalmağa qoyadıbırğalma qoyadıhe allows someone to be flung | bizbırğalmağa qoyabızbırğalma qoyabızwe allow someone to be flung | sizbırğalmağa qoyasızbırğalma qoyasızyou all allow someone to be flung | alabırğalmağa qoyadılabırğalma qoyadılathey allow someone to be flung |
| Let someone… (present) | menbırğalmağa qoymaymabırğalma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to be flung | senbırğalmağa qoymaysabırğalma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to be flung | olbırğalmağa qoymaydıbırğalma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to be flung | bizbırğalmağa qoymaybızbırğalma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to be flung | sizbırğalmağa qoymaysızbırğalma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to be flung | alabırğalmağa qoymaydılabırğalma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to be flung |
| Let someone… (present) | menbırğalmağa qoyamamı?bırğalma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to be flung? | senbırğalmağa qoyamısa?bırğalma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to be flung? | olbırğalmağa qoyamıdı?bırğalma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to be flung? | bizbırğalmağa qoyabızmı?bırğalma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to be flung? | sizbırğalmağa qoyamısız?bırğalma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to be flung? | alabırğalmağa qoyamıdıla?bırğalma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to be flung? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbırğalmağa qoymaymamı?bırğalma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to be flung? | senbırğalmağa qoymaymısa?bırğalma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to be flung? | olbırğalmağa qoymaymıdı?bırğalma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to be flung? | bizbırğalmağa qoymaybızmı?bırğalma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to be flung? | sizbırğalmağa qoymaymısız?bırğalma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to be flung? | alabırğalmağa qoymaymıdıla?bırğalma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to be flung? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbırğalmağa qoydumbırğalma qoydumI allowed someone to be flung | senbırğalmağa qoyduŋbırğalma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to be flung | olbırğalmağa qoydubırğalma qoyduhe allowed someone to be flung | bizbırğalmağa qoyduqbırğalma qoyduqwe allowed someone to be flung | sizbırğalmağa qoyduğuzbırğalma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to be flung | alabırğalmağa qoydulabırğalma qoydulathey allowed someone to be flung |
| Let someone… (past) | menbırğalmağa qoymadımbırğalma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to be flung | senbırğalmağa qoymadıŋbırğalma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to be flung | olbırğalmağa qoymadıbırğalma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to be flung | bizbırğalmağa qoymadıqbırğalma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to be flung | sizbırğalmağa qoymadığızbırğalma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to be flung | alabırğalmağa qoymadılabırğalma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to be flung |
| Let someone… (past) | menbırğalmağa qoydummu?bırğalma qoydummu?did I allow someone to be flung? | senbırğalmağa qoyduŋmu?bırğalma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to be flung? | olbırğalmağa qoydumu?bırğalma qoydumu?did he allow someone to be flung? | bizbırğalmağa qoyduqmu?bırğalma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to be flung? | sizbırğalmağa qoyduğuzmu?bırğalma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to be flung? | alabırğalmağa qoydulamı?bırğalma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to be flung? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbırğalmağa qoymadımmı?bırğalma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to be flung? | senbırğalmağa qoymadıŋmı?bırğalma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to be flung? | olbırğalmağa qoymadımı?bırğalma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to be flung? | bizbırğalmağa qoymadıqmı?bırğalma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to be flung? | sizbırğalmağa qoymadığızmı?bırğalma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to be flung? | alabırğalmağa qoymadılamı?bırğalma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to be flung? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
bırğalalırğa be able to be flung · bırğalalmazğa be unable to be flung
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbırğalalamaI can be flung | senbırğalalasayou can be flung | olbırğalaladıhe can be flung | bizbırğalalabızwe can be flung | sizbırğalalasızyou all can be flung | alabırğalaladılathey can be flung |
| Ability — present | menbırğalalmaymaI can't be flung | senbırğalalmaysayou can't be flung | olbırğalalmaydıhe can't be flung | bizbırğalalmaybızwe can't be flung | sizbırğalalmaysızyou all can't be flung | alabırğalalmaydılathey can't be flung |
| Ability — present | menbırğalalamamı? bırğalalamıma?can I be flung? | senbırğalalamısa?can you be flung? | olbırğalalamıdı?can he be flung? | bizbırğalalabızmı? bırğalalamıbız?can we be flung? | sizbırğalalamısız?can you all be flung? | alabırğalalamıdıla?can they be flung? |
| Ability — present | menbırğalalmaymamı? bırğalalmaymıma?can't I be flung? | senbırğalalmaymısa?can't you be flung? | olbırğalalmaymıdı?can't he be flung? | bizbırğalalmaybızmı? bırğalalmaymıbız?can't we be flung? | sizbırğalalmaymısız?can't you all be flung? | alabırğalalmaymıdıla?can't they be flung? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbırğalalsamif I can be flung | senbırğalalsaŋif you can be flung | olbırğalalsaif he can be flung | bizbırğalalsaqif we can be flung | sizbırğalalsağızif you all can be flung | alabırğalalsalaif they can be flung |
| Ability — if I can… | menbırğalalmasamif I can't be flung | senbırğalalmasaŋif you can't be flung | olbırğalalmasaif he can't be flung | bizbırğalalmasaqif we can't be flung | sizbırğalalmasağızif you all can't be flung | alabırğalalmasalaif they can't be flung |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbırğalaldımI was able to be flung | senbırğalaldıŋyou were able to be flung | olbırğalaldıhe was able to be flung | bizbırğalaldıqwe were able to be flung | sizbırğalaldığızyou all were able to be flung | alabırğalaldılathey were able to be flung |
| Ability — simple past | menbırğalalmadımI could not be flung | senbırğalalmadıŋyou could not be flung | olbırğalalmadıhe could not be flung | bizbırğalalmadıqwe could not be flung | sizbırğalalmadığızyou all could not be flung | alabırğalalmadılathey could not be flung |
| Ability — simple past | menbırğalaldımmı?was I able to be flung? | senbırğalaldıŋmı?were you able to be flung? | olbırğalaldımı?was he able to be flung? | bizbırğalaldıqmı?were we able to be flung? | sizbırğalaldığızmı?were you all able to be flung? | alabırğalaldılamı?were they able to be flung? |
| Ability — simple past | menbırğalalmadımmı?couldn't I be flung? | senbırğalalmadıŋmı?couldn't you be flung? | olbırğalalmadımı?couldn't he be flung? | bizbırğalalmadıqmı?couldn't we be flung? | sizbırğalalmadığızmı?couldn't you all be flung? | alabırğalalmadılamı?couldn't they be flung? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbırğalalğanmaI have been able to be flung | senbırğalalğansayou have been able to be flung | olbırğalalğandıhe has been able to be flung | bizbırğalalğanbızwe have been able to be flung | sizbırğalalğansızyou all have been able to be flung | alabırğalalğandılathey have been able to be flung |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbırğalalmağanmaI haven't been able to be flung | senbırğalalmağansayou haven't been able to be flung | olbırğalalmağandıhe hasn't been able to be flung | bizbırğalalmağanbızwe haven't been able to be flung | sizbırğalalmağansızyou all haven't been able to be flung | alabırğalalmağandılathey haven't been able to be flung |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbırğalalğanmamı? bırğalalğanmıma?have I been able to be flung? | senbırğalalğanmısa?have you been able to be flung? | olbırğalalğanmıdı?has he been able to be flung? | bizbırğalalğanbızmı? bırğalalğanmıbız?have we been able to be flung? | sizbırğalalğanmısız?have you all been able to be flung? | alabırğalalğanmıdıla?have they been able to be flung? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbırğalalmağanmamı? bırğalalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to be flung? | senbırğalalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to be flung? | olbırğalalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to be flung? | bizbırğalalmağanbızmı? bırğalalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to be flung? | sizbırğalalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to be flung? | alabırğalalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to be flung? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbırğalalğan edimbırğalalğanemI had been able to be flung | senbırğalalğan ediŋbırğalalğaneŋyou had been able to be flung | olbırğalalğan edibırğalalğanedhe had been able to be flung | bizbırğalalğan edikbırğalalğanekwe had been able to be flung | sizbırğalalğan edigizbırğalalğanegizyou all had been able to be flung | alabırğalalğan edilebırğalalğanellethey had been able to be flung |
| Ability — past perfect | menbırğalalmağan edimbırğalalmağanemI hadn't been able to be flung | senbırğalalmağan ediŋbırğalalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to be flung | olbırğalalmağan edibırğalalmağanedhe hadn't been able to be flung | bizbırğalalmağan edikbırğalalmağanekwe hadn't been able to be flung | sizbırğalalmağan edigizbırğalalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to be flung | alabırğalalmağan edilebırğalalmağanellethey hadn't been able to be flung |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbırğalala edimbırğalalaemI could be flung | senbırğalala ediŋbırğalalaeŋyou could be flung | olbırğalala edibırğalalaedhe could be flung | bizbırğalala edikbırğalalaekwe could be flung | sizbırğalala edigizbırğalalaegizyou all could be flung | alabırğalala edilebırğalalaellethey could be flung |
| Ability — past background | menbırğalalmay edimbırğalalmayemI could not be flung | senbırğalalmay ediŋbırğalalmayeŋyou could not be flung | olbırğalalmay edibırğalalmayedhe could not be flung | bizbırğalalmay edikbırğalalmayekwe could not be flung | sizbırğalalmay edigizbırğalalmayegizyou all could not be flung | alabırğalalmay edilebırğalalmayellethey could not be flung |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbırğalalırmaI will be able to be flung | senbırğalalırsayou will be able to be flung | olbırğalalırhe will be able to be flung | bizbırğalalırbızwe will be able to be flung | sizbırğalalırsızyou all will be able to be flung | alabırğalalırlathey will be able to be flung |
| Ability — future I | menbırğalalmazmaI won't be able to be flung | senbırğalalmazsayou won't be able to be flung | olbırğalalmazhe won't be able to be flung | bizbırğalalmazbızwe won't be able to be flung | sizbırğalalmazsızyou all won't be able to be flung | alabırğalalmazlathey won't be able to be flung |
| Ability — future I | menbırğalalırmamı? bırğalalırmıma?will I be able to be flung? | senbırğalalırmısa?will you be able to be flung? | olbırğalalırmı?will he be able to be flung? | bizbırğalalırbızmı? bırğalalırmıbız?will we be able to be flung? | sizbırğalalırmısız?will you all be able to be flung? | alabırğalalırlamı? bırğalalırmıla?will they be able to be flung? |
| Ability — future I | menbırğalalmazmamı? bırğalalmazmıma?won't I be able to be flung? | senbırğalalmazmısa?won't you be able to be flung? | olbırğalalmazmı?won't he be able to be flung? | bizbırğalalmazbızmı? bırğalalmazmıbız?won't we be able to be flung? | sizbırğalalmazmısız?won't you all be able to be flung? | alabırğalalmazlamı? bırğalalmazmıla?won't they be able to be flung? |
| Ability — future II | menbırğalallıqmaI am going to be able to be flung | senbırğalallıqsayou are going to be able to be flung | olbırğalallıqdıhe is going to be able to be flung | bizbırğalallıqbızwe are going to be able to be flung | sizbırğalallıqsızyou all are going to be able to be flung | alabırğalallıqdılathey are going to be able to be flung |
| Ability — future II | menbırğalallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to be flung | senbırğalallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to be flung | olbırğalallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to be flung | bizbırğalallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to be flung | sizbırğalallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to be flung | alabırğalallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to be flung |
| Ability — future II | menbırğalallıqmamı? bırğalallıqmıma?am I going to be able to be flung? | senbırğalallıqmısa?are you going to be able to be flung? | olbırğalallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to be flung? | bizbırğalallıqbızmı? bırğalallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to be flung? | sizbırğalallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to be flung? | alabırğalallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to be flung? |
| Ability — future II | menbırğalallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to be flung? | senbırğalallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to be flung? | olbırğalallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to be flung? | bizbırğalallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to be flung? | sizbırğalallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to be flung? | alabırğalallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to be flung? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbırğalalır edimbırğalalır emI would be able to be flung | senbırğalalır ediŋbırğalalır eŋyou would be able to be flung | olbırğalalır edibırğalalır edhe would be able to be flung | bizbırğalalır edikbırğalalır ekwe would be able to be flung | sizbırğalalır edigizbırğalalır egizyou all would be able to be flung | alabırğalalır edilebırğalalır ellethey would be able to be flung |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbırğalalmaz edimbırğalalmaz emI wouldn't be able to be flung | senbırğalalmaz ediŋbırğalalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to be flung | olbırğalalmaz edibırğalalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to be flung | bizbırğalalmaz edikbırğalalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to be flung | sizbırğalalmaz edigizbırğalalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to be flung | alabırğalalmaz edilebırğalalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to be flung |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbırğalalğınbırğalalğımay you be able to be flung | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbırğalalmağınbırğalalmağımay you not be able to be flung | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbırğalırğa izleymeI want to be flung | senbırğalırğa izleyseyou want to be flung | olbırğalırğa izleydihe wants to be flung | bizbırğalırğa izleybizwe want to be flung | sizbırğalırğa izleysizyou all want to be flung | alabırğalırğa izleydilethey want to be flung |
| want to | menbırğalırğa izlemeymeI do not want to be flung | senbırğalırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to be flung | olbırğalırğa izlemeydihe does not want to be flung | bizbırğalırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to be flung | sizbırğalırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to be flung | alabırğalırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to be flung |
| would like to | menbırğalırğa süemeI would like to be flung | senbırğalırğa süeseyou would like to be flung | olbırğalırğa süedihe would like to be flung | bizbırğalırğa süebizwe would like to be flung | sizbırğalırğa süesizyou all would like to be flung | alabırğalırğa süedilethey would like to be flung |
| would like to | menbırğalırğa süymeymeI would not like to be flung | senbırğalırğa süymeyseyou would not like to be flung | olbırğalırğa süymeydihe would not like to be flung | bizbırğalırğa süymeybizwe would not like to be flung | sizbırğalırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to be flung | alabırğalırğa süymeydilethey would not like to be flung |
| hope to | menbırğalırğa umutlanamaI hope to be flung | senbırğalırğa umutlanasayou hope to be flung | olbırğalırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to be flung | bizbırğalırğa umutlanabızwe hope to be flung | sizbırğalırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to be flung | alabırğalırğa umutlanadılathey hope to be flung |
| hope to | menbırğalırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to be flung | senbırğalırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to be flung | olbırğalırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to be flung | bizbırğalırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to be flung | sizbırğalırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to be flung | alabırğalırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to be flung |
| be about to | menbırğalırğa deb turamaI am about to be flung | senbırğalırğa deb turasayou are about to be flung | olbırğalırğa deb turadıhe is about to be flung | bizbırğalırğa deb turabızwe are about to be flung | sizbırğalırğa deb turasızyou all are about to be flung | alabırğalırğa deb turadılathey are about to be flung |
| be about to | menbırğalırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to be flung | senbırğalırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to be flung | olbırğalırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to be flung | bizbırğalırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to be flung | sizbırğalırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to be flung | alabırğalırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to be flung |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbırğalırğa kerekmeI need to be flung | senbırğalırğa kerekseyou need to be flung | olbırğalırğa kerekdihe needs to be flung | bizbırğalırğa kerekbizwe need to be flung | sizbırğalırğa kereksizyou all need to be flung | alabırğalırğa kerekdilethey need to be flung |
| need to | menbırğalırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to be flung | senbırğalırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to be flung | olbırğalırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to be flung | bizbırğalırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to be flung | sizbırğalırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to be flung | alabırğalırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to be flung |
| have to | menmenŋe bırğalırğa tüşediI have to be flung | sensenŋe bırğalırğa tüşediyou have to be flung | olaŋa bırğalırğa tüşedihe has to be flung | bizbizge bırğalırğa tüşediwe have to be flung | sizsizge bırğalırğa tüşediyou all have to be flung | alaalağa bırğalırğa tüşedithey have to be flung |
| have to | menmenŋe bırğalırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to be flung | sensenŋe bırğalırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to be flung | olaŋa bırğalırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to be flung | bizbizge bırğalırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to be flung | sizsizge bırğalırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to be flung | alaalağa bırğalırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to be flung |
| be obliged to | menbırğalırğa borçlumaI am obliged to be flung | senbırğalırğa borçlusayou are obliged to be flung | olbırğalırğa borçluduhe is obliged to be flung | bizbırğalırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to be flung | sizbırğalırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to be flung | alabırğalırğa borçludulathey are obliged to be flung |
| be obliged to | menbırğalırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to be flung | senbırğalırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to be flung | olbırğalırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to be flung | bizbırğalırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to be flung | sizbırğalırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to be flung | alabırğalırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to be flung |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbırğalırğa madarım bardıI have a way to be flung | senbırğalırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to be flung | olbırğalırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to be flung | bizbırğalırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to be flung | sizbırğalırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to be flung | alabırğalırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to be flung |
| have a way to | menbırğalırğa madarım joqduI have no way to be flung | senbırğalırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to be flung | olbırğalırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to be flung | bizbırğalırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to be flung | sizbırğalırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to be flung | alabırğalırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to be flung |
| be free to | menbırğalırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to be flung | senbırğalırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to be flung | olbırğalırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to be flung | bizbırğalırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to be flung | sizbırğalırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to be flung | alabırğalırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to be flung |
| be free to | menbırğalırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to be flung | senbırğalırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to be flung | olbırğalırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to be flung | bizbırğalırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to be flung | sizbırğalırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to be flung | alabırğalırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to be flung |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bırğalırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to be flung | sensenŋe bırğalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to be flung | olaŋa bırğalırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to be flung | bizbizge bırğalırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to be flung | sizsizge bırğalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to be flung | alaalağa bırğalırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to be flung |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bırğalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to be flung | sensenŋe bırğalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to be flung | olaŋa bırğalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to be flung | bizbizge bırğalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to be flung | sizsizge bırğalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to be flung | alaalağa bırğalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to be flung |
| be ready to | menbırğalırğa hazırmaI am ready to be flung | senbırğalırğa hazırsayou are ready to be flung | olbırğalırğa hazırdıhe is ready to be flung | bizbırğalırğa hazırbızwe are ready to be flung | sizbırğalırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to be flung | alabırğalırğa hazırdılathey are ready to be flung |
| be ready to | menbırğalırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to be flung | senbırğalırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to be flung | olbırğalırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to be flung | bizbırğalırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to be flung | sizbırğalırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to be flung | alabırğalırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to be flung |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbırğalırğa küreşemeI am trying to be flung | senbırğalırğa küreşeseyou are trying to be flung | olbırğalırğa küreşedihe is trying to be flung | bizbırğalırğa küreşebizwe are trying to be flung | sizbırğalırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to be flung | alabırğalırğa küreşedilethey are trying to be flung |
| try to | menbırğalırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to be flung | senbırğalırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to be flung | olbırğalırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to be flung | bizbırğalırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to be flung | sizbırğalırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to be flung | alabırğalırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to be flung |
| agree to | menbırğalırğa unaymaI agree to be flung | senbırğalırğa unaysayou agree to be flung | olbırğalırğa unaydıhe agrees to be flung | bizbırğalırğa unaybızwe agree to be flung | sizbırğalırğa unaysızyou all agree to be flung | alabırğalırğa unaydılathey agree to be flung |
| agree to | menbırğalırğa unamaymaI refuse to be flung | senbırğalırğa unamaysayou refuse to be flung | olbırğalırğa unamaydıhe refuses to be flung | bizbırğalırğa unamaybızwe refuse to be flung | sizbırğalırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to be flung | alabırğalırğa unamaydılathey refuse to be flung |
| hurry to | menbırğalırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to be flung | senbırğalırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to be flung | olbırğalırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to be flung | bizbırğalırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to be flung | sizbırğalırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to be flung | alabırğalırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to be flung |
| hurry to | menbırğalırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to be flung | senbırğalırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to be flung | olbırğalırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to be flung | bizbırğalırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to be flung | sizbırğalırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to be flung | alabırğalırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to be flung |
| be afraid to | menbırğalırğa qorqamaI am afraid to be flung | senbırğalırğa qorqasayou are afraid to be flung | olbırğalırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to be flung | bizbırğalırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to be flung | sizbırğalırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to be flung | alabırğalırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to be flung |
| be afraid to | menbırğalırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to be flung | senbırğalırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to be flung | olbırğalırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to be flung | bizbırğalırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to be flung | sizbırğalırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to be flung | alabırğalırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to be flung |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbırğala bolmazmaI can't be being flung | senbırğala bolmazsayou can't be being flung | olbırğala bolmazhe can't be being flung | bizbırğala bolmazbızwe can't be being flung | sizbırğala bolmazsızyou all can't be being flung | alabırğala bolmazlathey can't be being flung |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbırğalmay bolmazmaI must be being flung (emphatic) | senbırğalmay bolmazsayou must be being flung (emphatic) | olbırğalmay bolmazhe must be being flung (emphatic) | bizbırğalmay bolmazbızwe must be being flung (emphatic) | sizbırğalmay bolmazsızyou all must be being flung (emphatic) | alabırğalmay bolmazlathey must be being flung (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbırğala turmasamif I don't keep being flung | senbırğala turmasaŋif you don't keep being flung | olbırğala turmasaif he doesn't keep being flung | bizbırğala turmasaqif we don't keep being flung | sizbırğala turmasağızif you all don't keep being flung | alabırğala turmasalaif they don't keep being flung |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbırğala tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of being flung | senbırğala tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of being flung | olbırğala tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of being flung | bizbırğala tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of being flung | sizbırğala tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of being flung | alabırğala tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of being flung |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbırğalmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not being flung (emphatic) | senbırğalmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not being flung (emphatic) | olbırğalmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not being flung (emphatic) | bizbırğalmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not being flung (emphatic) | sizbırğalmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not being flung (emphatic) | alabırğalmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not being flung (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbırğalmay turamaI keep on not being flung | senbırğalmay turasayou keep on not being flung | olbırğalmay turadıhe keeps on not being flung | bizbırğalmay turabızwe keep on not being flung | sizbırğalmay turasızyou all keep on not being flung | alabırğalmay turadılathey keep on not being flung |
| Progressive — double negation | menbırğalmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not being flung | senbırğalmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not being flung | olbırğalmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not being flung | bizbırğalmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not being flung | sizbırğalmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not being flung | alabırğalmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not being flung |
| Progressive — double negation | menbırğalmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not being flung? | senbırğalmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not being flung? | olbırğalmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not being flung? | bizbırğalmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not being flung? | sizbırğalmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not being flung? | alabırğalmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not being flung? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbırğalğan bolmazmaI can't have been flung | senbırğalğan bolmazsayou can't have been flung | olbırğalğan bolmazhe can't have been flung | bizbırğalğan bolmazbızwe can't have been flung | sizbırğalğan bolmazsızyou all can't have been flung | alabırğalğan bolmazlathey can't have been flung |
| Inference — double negation | menbırğalmağan bolmazmaI must have been flung (emphatic) | senbırğalmağan bolmazsayou must have been flung (emphatic) | olbırğalmağan bolmazhe must have been flung (emphatic) | bizbırğalmağan bolmazbızwe must have been flung (emphatic) | sizbırğalmağan bolmazsızyou all must have been flung (emphatic) | alabırğalmağan bolmazlathey must have been flung (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbırğalğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had been flung | senbırğalğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had been flung | olbırğalğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had been flung | bizbırğalğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had been flung | sizbırğalğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had been flung | alabırğalğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had been flung |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbırğalmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't been flung | senbırğalmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't been flung | olbırğalmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't been flung | bizbırğalmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't been flung | sizbırğalmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't been flung | alabırğalmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't been flung |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbırğallıq bolmazmaI can't be going to be flung | senbırğallıq bolmazsayou can't be going to be flung | olbırğallıq bolmazhe can't be going to be flung | bizbırğallıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to be flung | sizbırğallıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to be flung | alabırğallıq bolmazlathey can't be going to be flung |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbırğalmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to be flung (emphatic) | senbırğalmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to be flung (emphatic) | olbırğalmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to be flung (emphatic) | bizbırğalmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to be flung (emphatic) | sizbırğalmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to be flung (emphatic) | alabırğalmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to be flung (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbırğallıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to be flung | senbırğallıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to be flung | olbırğallıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to be flung | bizbırğallıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to be flung | sizbırğallıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to be flung | alabırğallıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to be flung |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbırğalmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to be flung | senbırğalmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to be flung | olbırğalmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to be flung | bizbırğalmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to be flung | sizbırğalmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to be flung | alabırğalmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to be flung |