butarğa
/butarʁa/
1. chop, chop down, lop off, prune
- terekni butarğa — to chop down a tree
- terekni butaqların butarğa — to lop off the tree's branches
- butaqlanı butarğa — to lop off branches
- terekni buta — chop down the tree
- atam terekni butadı — my father chopped down the tree
- atam butaqlanı butaydı — my father is lopping off the branches
2. hack, slash, cut down with a blade
- qılıç bla butarğa — to hack with a sword
- jawnu qılıç bla butadı — he cut down the enemy with a sword
- biz başların butarbız — we will hack off their heads
- faşistleni tawuşsuz butarğa kerek edi — the fascists had to be cut down silently
- anı qama bla butadıla — they hacked it with a dagger
- jawnu butab — hacking down the enemy
Conjugation
Common forms
- butaydıhe is chopping
- butadıhe chopped
- butağandıhe has chopped
- butarhe will chop
- butarıqdıhe is going to chop
- butay edihe was chopping
- butasaif he chops
- buta!chop!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbutaymaI am chopping | senbutaysayou are chopping | olbutaydıhe is chopping | bizbutaybızwe are chopping | sizbutaysızyou all are chopping | alabutaydılathey are chopping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbutamaymaI am not chopping | senbutamaysayou are not chopping | olbutamaydıhe is not chopping | bizbutamaybızwe are not chopping | sizbutamaysızyou all are not chopping | alabutamaydılathey are not chopping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbutaymamı? butaymıma?am I chopping? | senbutaymısa?are you chopping? | olbutaymıdı?is he chopping? | bizbutaybızmı? butaymıbız?are we chopping? | sizbutaymısız?are you all chopping? | alabutaymıdıla?are they chopping? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbutamaymamı? butamaymıma?aren't I chopping? | senbutamaymısa?aren't you chopping? | olbutamaymıdı?isn't he chopping? | bizbutamaybızmı? butamaymıbız?aren't we chopping? | sizbutamaymısız?aren't you all chopping? | alabutamaymıdıla?aren't they chopping? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbutawçanmaI usually chop | senbutawçansayou usually chop | olbutawçandıhe usually chops | bizbutawçanbızwe usually chop | sizbutawçansızyou all usually chop | alabutawçandılathey usually chop |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbutamawçanmaI usually don't chop | senbutamawçansayou usually don't chop | olbutamawçandıhe usually doesn't chop | bizbutamawçanbızwe usually don't chop | sizbutamawçansızyou all usually don't chop | alabutamawçandılathey usually don't chop |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbutawçanmamı? butawçanmıma?do I usually chop? | senbutawçanmısa?do you usually chop? | olbutawçanmıdı?does he usually chop? | bizbutawçanbızmı? butawçanmıbız?do we usually chop? | sizbutawçanmısız?do you all usually chop? | alabutawçanmıdıla?do they usually chop? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbutamawçanmamı? butamawçanmıma?do I usually not chop? | senbutamawçanmısa?do you usually not chop? | olbutamawçanmıdı?does he usually not chop? | bizbutamawçanbızmı? butamawçanmıbız?do we usually not chop? | sizbutamawçanmısız?do you all usually not chop? | alabutamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not chop? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbutabdıhe has chopped and remains so | alabutabdılathey have chopped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbutabmıdı?has he chopped? | alabutabmıdıla?have they chopped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbutab turamaI keep chopping | senbutab turasayou keep chopping | olbutab turadıhe keeps chopping | bizbutab turabızwe keep chopping | sizbutab turasızyou all keep chopping | alabutab turadılathey keep chopping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbutab turmaymaI don't keep chopping | senbutab turmaysayou don't keep chopping | olbutab turmaydıhe doesn't keep chopping | bizbutab turmaybızwe don't keep chopping | sizbutab turmaysızyou all don't keep chopping | alabutab turmaydılathey don't keep chopping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbutab turamamı? butab turamıma?do I keep chopping? | senbutab turamısa?do you keep chopping? | olbutab turamıdı?does he keep chopping? | bizbutab turabızmı? butab turamıbız?do we keep chopping? | sizbutab turamısız?do you all keep chopping? | alabutab turamıdıla?do they keep chopping? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbutab turmaymamı? butab turmaymıma?don't I keep chopping? | senbutab turmaymısa?don't you keep chopping? | olbutab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep chopping? | bizbutab turmaybızmı? butab turmaymıbız?don't we keep chopping? | sizbutab turmaymısız?don't you all keep chopping? | alabutab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep chopping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbutay turamaI am in the middle of chopping | senbutay turasayou are in the middle of chopping | olbutay turadıhe is in the middle of chopping | bizbutay turabızwe are in the middle of chopping | sizbutay turasızyou all are in the middle of chopping | alabutay turadılathey are in the middle of chopping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbutay turmaymaI am not in the middle of chopping | senbutay turmaysayou are not in the middle of chopping | olbutay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of chopping | bizbutay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of chopping | sizbutay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of chopping | alabutay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of chopping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbutay turamamı? butay turamıma?am I in the middle of chopping? | senbutay turamısa?are you in the middle of chopping? | olbutay turamıdı?is he in the middle of chopping? | bizbutay turabızmı? butay turamıbız?are we in the middle of chopping? | sizbutay turamısız?are you all in the middle of chopping? | alabutay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of chopping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbutay turmaymamı? butay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of chopping? | senbutay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of chopping? | olbutay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of chopping? | bizbutay turmaybızmı? butay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of chopping? | sizbutay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of chopping? | alabutay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of chopping? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbutadımI chopped | senbutadıŋyou chopped | olbutadıhe chopped | bizbutadıqwe chopped | sizbutadığızyou all chopped | alabutadılathey chopped |
| Simple past (definite) | menbutamadımI didn't chop | senbutamadıŋyou didn't chop | olbutamadıhe didn't chop | bizbutamadıqwe didn't chop | sizbutamadığızyou all didn't chop | alabutamadılathey didn't chop |
| Simple past (definite) | menbutadımmı?did I chop? | senbutadıŋmı?did you chop? | olbutadımı?did he chop? | bizbutadıqmı?did we chop? | sizbutadığızmı?did you all chop? | alabutadılamı?did they chop? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbutamadımmı?didn't I chop? | senbutamadıŋmı?didn't you chop? | olbutamadımı?didn't he chop? | bizbutamadıqmı?didn't we chop? | sizbutamadığızmı?didn't you all chop? | alabutamadılamı?didn't they chop? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbutağanmaI have chopped | senbutağansayou have chopped | olbutağandıhe has chopped | bizbutağanbızwe have chopped | sizbutağansızyou all have chopped | alabutağandılathey have chopped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbutamağanmaI haven't chopped | senbutamağansayou haven't chopped | olbutamağandıhe hasn't chopped | bizbutamağanbızwe haven't chopped | sizbutamağansızyou all haven't chopped | alabutamağandılathey haven't chopped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbutağanmamı? butağanmıma?have I chopped? | senbutağanmısa?have you chopped? | olbutağanmıdı?has he chopped? | bizbutağanbızmı? butağanmıbız?have we chopped? | sizbutağanmısız?have you all chopped? | alabutağanmıdıla?have they chopped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbutamağanmamı? butamağanmıma?haven't I chopped? | senbutamağanmısa?haven't you chopped? | olbutamağanmıdı?hasn't he chopped? | bizbutamağanbızmı? butamağanmıbız?haven't we chopped? | sizbutamağanmısız?haven't you all chopped? | alabutamağanmıdıla?haven't they chopped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbutab turdumI kept chopping | senbutab turduŋyou kept chopping | olbutab turduhe kept chopping | bizbutab turduqwe kept chopping | sizbutab turduğuzyou all kept chopping | alabutab turdulathey kept chopping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbutab turmadımI didn't keep chopping | senbutab turmadıŋyou didn't keep chopping | olbutab turmadıhe didn't keep chopping | bizbutab turmadıqwe didn't keep chopping | sizbutab turmadığızyou all didn't keep chopping | alabutab turmadılathey didn't keep chopping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbutarmaI will chop | senbutarsayou will chop | olbutarhe will chop | bizbutarbızwe will chop | sizbutarsızyou all will chop | alabutarlathey will chop |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbutamazmaI won't chop | senbutamazsayou won't chop | olbutamazhe won't chop | bizbutamazbızwe won't chop | sizbutamazsızyou all won't chop | alabutamazlathey won't chop |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbutarmamı? butarmıma?will I chop? | senbutarmısa?will you chop? | olbutarmı?will he chop? | bizbutarbızmı? butarmıbız?will we chop? | sizbutarmısız?will you all chop? | alabutarlamı? butarmıla?will they chop? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbutamazmamı? butamazmıma?won't I chop? | senbutamazmısa?won't you chop? | olbutamazmı?won't he chop? | bizbutamazbızmı? butamazmıbız?won't we chop? | sizbutamazmısız?won't you all chop? | alabutamazlamı? butamazmıla?won't they chop? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbutarıqmaI am going to chop | senbutarıqsayou are going to chop | olbutarıqdıhe is going to chop | bizbutarıqbızwe are going to chop | sizbutarıqsızyou all are going to chop | alabutarıqdılathey are going to chop |
| Definite future (future II) | menbutarıq tülmeI am not going to chop | senbutarıq tülseyou are not going to chop | olbutarıq tüldühe is not going to chop | bizbutarıq tülbüzwe are not going to chop | sizbutarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to chop | alabutarıq tüldülethey are not going to chop |
| Definite future (future II) | menbutarıqmamı? butarıqmıma?am I going to chop? | senbutarıqmısa?are you going to chop? | olbutarıqmıdı?is he going to chop? | bizbutarıqbızmı? butarıqmıbız?are we going to chop? | sizbutarıqmısız?are you all going to chop? | alabutarıqmıdıla?are they going to chop? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbutarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to chop? | senbutarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to chop? | olbutarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to chop? | bizbutarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to chop? | sizbutarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to chop? | alabutarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to chop? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbutağan edimbutağanemI had chopped | senbutağan ediŋbutağaneŋyou had chopped | olbutağan edibutağanedhe had chopped | bizbutağan edikbutağanekwe had chopped | sizbutağan edigizbutağanegizyou all had chopped | alabutağan edilebutağanellethey had chopped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbutamağan edimbutamağanemI hadn't chopped | senbutamağan ediŋbutamağaneŋyou hadn't chopped | olbutamağan edibutamağanedhe hadn't chopped | bizbutamağan edikbutamağanekwe hadn't chopped | sizbutamağan edigizbutamağanegizyou all hadn't chopped | alabutamağan edilebutamağanellethey hadn't chopped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbutay edimbutayemI was chopping | senbutay ediŋbutayeŋyou were chopping | olbutay edibutayedhe was chopping | bizbutay edikbutayekwe were chopping | sizbutay edigizbutayegizyou all were chopping | alabutay edilebutayellethey were chopping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbutamay edimbutamayemI wasn't chopping | senbutamay ediŋbutamayeŋyou weren't chopping | olbutamay edibutamayedhe wasn't chopping | bizbutamay edikbutamayekwe weren't chopping | sizbutamay edigizbutamayegizyou all weren't chopping | alabutamay edilebutamayellethey weren't chopping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbutawçan edimbutawçanemI used to chop | senbutawçan ediŋbutawçaneŋyou used to chop | olbutawçan edibutawçanedhe used to chop | bizbutawçan edikbutawçanekwe used to chop | sizbutawçan edigizbutawçanegizyou all used to chop | alabutawçan edilebutawçanellethey used to chop |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbutamawçan edimbutamawçanemI didn't use to chop | senbutamawçan ediŋbutamawçaneŋyou didn't use to chop | olbutamawçan edibutamawçanedhe didn't use to chop | bizbutamawçan edikbutamawçanekwe didn't use to chop | sizbutamawçan edigizbutamawçanegizyou all didn't use to chop | alabutamawçan edilebutamawçanellethey didn't use to chop |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbutab edihe had chopped and remained so | alabutab edilethey had chopped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbutab tül edihe hadn't chopped | alabutab tül edilethey hadn't chopped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbutab tura edimbutab turaemI had kept chopping | senbutab tura ediŋbutab turaeŋyou had kept chopping | olbutab tura edibutab turaedhe had kept chopping | bizbutab tura edikbutab turaekwe had kept chopping | sizbutab tura edigizbutab turaegizyou all had kept chopping | alabutab tura edilebutab turaellethey had kept chopping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbutab turmay edimbutab turmayemI hadn't kept chopping | senbutab turmay ediŋbutab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept chopping | olbutab turmay edibutab turmayedhe hadn't kept chopping | bizbutab turmay edikbutab turmayekwe hadn't kept chopping | sizbutab turmay edigizbutab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept chopping | alabutab turmay edilebutab turmayellethey hadn't kept chopping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbutay tura edimbutay turaemI was in the middle of chopping | senbutay tura ediŋbutay turaeŋyou were in the middle of chopping | olbutay tura edibutay turaedhe was in the middle of chopping | bizbutay tura edikbutay turaekwe were in the middle of chopping | sizbutay tura edigizbutay turaegizyou all were in the middle of chopping | alabutay tura edilebutay turaellethey were in the middle of chopping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbutay turmay edimbutay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of chopping | senbutay turmay ediŋbutay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of chopping | olbutay turmay edibutay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of chopping | bizbutay turmay edikbutay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of chopping | sizbutay turmay edigizbutay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of chopping | alabutay turmay edilebutay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of chopping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbutar edimbutar emI would chop | senbutar ediŋbutar eŋyou would chop | olbutar edibutar edhe would chop | bizbutar edikbutar ekwe would chop | sizbutar edigizbutar egizyou all would chop | alabutar edilebutar ellethey would chop |
| Conditional result (would) | menbutamaz edimbutamaz emI wouldn't chop | senbutamaz ediŋbutamaz eŋyou wouldn't chop | olbutamaz edibutamaz edhe wouldn't chop | bizbutamaz edikbutamaz ekwe wouldn't chop | sizbutamaz edigizbutamaz egizyou all wouldn't chop | alabutamaz edilebutamaz ellethey wouldn't chop |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbutarıq edimbutarıq emI would have chopped | senbutarıq ediŋbutarıq eŋyou would have chopped | olbutarıq edibutarıq edhe would have chopped | bizbutarıq edikbutarıq ekwe would have chopped | sizbutarıq edigizbutarıq egizyou all would have chopped | alabutarıq edilebutarıq ellethey would have chopped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbutarıq tül edimbutarıq tül emI wouldn't have chopped | senbutarıq tül ediŋbutarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have chopped | olbutarıq tül edibutarıq tül edhe wouldn't have chopped | bizbutarıq tül edikbutarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have chopped | sizbutarıq tül edigizbutarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have chopped | alabutarıq tül edilebutarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have chopped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbutasamif I chop | senbutasaŋif you chop | olbutasaif he chops | bizbutasaqif we chop | sizbutasağızif you all chop | alabutasalaif they chop |
| Conditional | menbutamasamif I don't chop | senbutamasaŋif you don't chop | olbutamasaif he doesn't chop | bizbutamasaqif we don't chop | sizbutamasağızif you all don't chop | alabutamasalaif they don't chop |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbutay esemif I am chopping | senbutay eseŋif you are chopping | olbutay eseif he is chopping | bizbutay esekif we are chopping | sizbutay esegizif you all are chopping | alabutay eseleif they are chopping |
| Conditional, present real | menbutamay esemif I am not chopping | senbutamay eseŋif you are not chopping | olbutamay eseif he is not chopping | bizbutamay esekif we are not chopping | sizbutamay esegizif you all are not chopping | alabutamay eseleif they are not chopping |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbutasam edibutasam edif only I chopped | senbutasaŋ edibutasaŋ edif only you chopped | olbutasa edibutasaedif only he chopped | bizbutasaq edibutasaq edif only we chopped | sizbutasağız edibutasağız edif only you all chopped | alabutasala edibutasalaedif only they chopped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbutamasam edibutamasam edif only I didn't chop | senbutamasaŋ edibutamasaŋ edif only you didn't chop | olbutamasa edibutamasaedif only he didn't chop | bizbutamasaq edibutamasaq edif only we didn't chop | sizbutamasağız edibutamasağız edif only you all didn't chop | alabutamasala edibutamasalaedif only they didn't chop |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbutab tursamif I carry on chopping | senbutab tursaŋif you carry on chopping | olbutab tursaif he carries on chopping | bizbutab tursaqif we carry on chopping | sizbutab tursağızif you all carry on chopping | alabutab tursalaif they carry on chopping |
| Durative conditional | menbutab turmasamif I don't carry on chopping | senbutab turmasaŋif you don't carry on chopping | olbutab turmasaif he doesn't carry on chopping | bizbutab turmasaqif we don't carry on chopping | sizbutab turmasağızif you all don't carry on chopping | alabutab turmasalaif they don't carry on chopping |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbutab tura esemif I have kept chopping | senbutab tura eseŋif you have kept chopping | olbutab tura eseif he has kept chopping | bizbutab tura esekif we have kept chopping | sizbutab tura esegizif you all have kept chopping | alabutab tura eseleif they have kept chopping |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbutab turmay esemif I haven't kept chopping | senbutab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept chopping | olbutab turmay eseif he hasn't kept chopping | bizbutab turmay esekif we haven't kept chopping | sizbutab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept chopping | alabutab turmay eseleif they haven't kept chopping |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbutay tursamif I keep chopping | senbutay tursaŋif you keep chopping | olbutay tursaif he keeps chopping | bizbutay tursaqif we keep chopping | sizbutay tursağızif you all keep chopping | alabutay tursalaif they keep chopping |
| Progressive conditional | menbutamay tursamif I keep on not chopping | senbutamay tursaŋif you keep on not chopping | olbutamay tursaif he keeps on not chopping | bizbutamay tursaqif we keep on not chopping | sizbutamay tursağızif you all keep on not chopping | alabutamay tursalaif they keep on not chopping |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbutay tura esemif I am in the middle of chopping | senbutay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of chopping | olbutay tura eseif he is in the middle of chopping | bizbutay tura esekif we are in the middle of chopping | sizbutay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of chopping | alabutay tura eseleif they are in the middle of chopping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbutamay tura esemif I keep on not chopping | senbutamay tura eseŋif you keep on not chopping | olbutamay tura eseif he keeps on not chopping | bizbutamay tura esekif we keep on not chopping | sizbutamay tura esegizif you all keep on not chopping | alabutamay tura eseleif they keep on not chopping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbutadım esemif I chopped | senbutadıŋ eseŋif you chopped | olbutadı eseif he chopped | bizbutadıq esekif we chopped | sizbutadığız esegizif you all chopped | alabutadıla eseleif they chopped |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbutamadım esemif I didn't chop | senbutamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't chop | olbutamadı eseif he didn't chop | bizbutamadıq esekif we didn't chop | sizbutamadığız esegizif you all didn't chop | alabutamadıla eseleif they didn't chop |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbutağan esemif I did chop (indeed) | senbutağan eseŋif you did chop (indeed) | olbutağan eseif he did chop (indeed) | bizbutağan esekif we did chop (indeed) | sizbutağan esegizif you all did chop (indeed) | alabutağan eseleif they did chop (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbutamağan esemif I didn't chop (indeed) | senbutamağan eseŋif you didn't chop (indeed) | olbutamağan eseif he didn't chop (indeed) | bizbutamağan esekif we didn't chop (indeed) | sizbutamağan esegizif you all didn't chop (indeed) | alabutamağan eseleif they didn't chop (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbutağan bolsamif I had chopped | senbutağan bolsaŋif you had chopped | olbutağan bolsaif he had chopped | bizbutağan bolsaqif we had chopped | sizbutağan bolsağızif you all had chopped | alabutağan bolsalaif they had chopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbutamağan bolsamif I hadn't chopped | senbutamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't chopped | olbutamağan bolsaif he hadn't chopped | bizbutamağan bolsaqif we hadn't chopped | sizbutamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't chopped | alabutamağan bolsalaif they hadn't chopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbutağan bolsam edibutağan bolsam edif only I had chopped | senbutağan bolsaŋ edibutağan bolsaŋ edif only you had chopped | olbutağan bolsa edibutağan bolsaedif only he had chopped | bizbutağan bolsaq edibutağan bolsaq edif only we had chopped | sizbutağan bolsağız edibutağan bolsağız edif only you all had chopped | alabutağan bolsala edibutağan bolsalaedif only they had chopped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbutamağan bolsam edibutamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't chopped | senbutamağan bolsaŋ edibutamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't chopped | olbutamağan bolsa edibutamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't chopped | bizbutamağan bolsaq edibutamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't chopped | sizbutamağan bolsağız edibutamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't chopped | alabutamağan bolsala edibutamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't chopped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbutar esemif I will chop | senbutar eseŋif you will chop | olbutar eseif he will chop | bizbutar esekif we will chop | sizbutar esegizif you all will chop | alabutar eseleif they will chop |
| Conditional, aorist | menbutamaz esemif I won't chop | senbutamaz eseŋif you won't chop | olbutamaz eseif he won't chop | bizbutamaz esekif we won't chop | sizbutamaz esegizif you all won't chop | alabutamaz eseleif they won't chop |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbutarıq esemif I am going to chop | senbutarıq eseŋif you are going to chop | olbutarıq eseif he is going to chop | bizbutarıq esekif we are going to chop | sizbutarıq esegizif you all are going to chop | alabutarıq eseleif they are going to chop |
| Conditional, future | menbutarıq tül esemif I am not going to chop | senbutarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to chop | olbutarıq tül eseif he is not going to chop | bizbutarıq tül esekif we are not going to chop | sizbutarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to chop | alabutarıq tül eseleif they are not going to chop |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbutarıq bolsamif I were going to chop | senbutarıq bolsaŋif you were going to chop | olbutarıq bolsaif he were going to chop | bizbutarıq bolsaqif we were going to chop | sizbutarıq bolsağızif you all were going to chop | alabutarıq bolsalaif they were going to chop |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbutamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to chop | senbutamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to chop | olbutamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to chop | bizbutamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to chop | sizbutamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to chop | alabutamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to chop |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso butadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbutay bolurmaI must be chopping | senbutay bolursayou must be chopping | olbutay bolurhe must be chopping | bizbutay bolurbuzwe must be chopping | sizbutay bolursuzyou all must be chopping | alabutay bolurlathey must be chopping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbutamay bolurmaI must not be chopping | senbutamay bolursayou must not be chopping | olbutamay bolurhe must not be chopping | bizbutamay bolurbuzwe must not be chopping | sizbutamay bolursuzyou all must not be chopping | alabutamay bolurlathey must not be chopping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbutay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of chopping | senbutay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of chopping | olbutay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of chopping | bizbutay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of chopping | sizbutay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of chopping | alabutay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of chopping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbutamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not chopping | senbutamay tura bolursayou must keep on not chopping | olbutamay tura bolurhe must keep on not chopping | bizbutamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not chopping | sizbutamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not chopping | alabutamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not chopping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbutağan bolurmaI must have chopped | senbutağan bolursayou must have chopped | olbutağan bolurhe must have chopped | bizbutağan bolurbuzwe must have chopped | sizbutağan bolursuzyou all must have chopped | alabutağan bolurlathey must have chopped |
| Inference (must have) | menbutamağan bolurmaI must not have chopped | senbutamağan bolursayou must not have chopped | olbutamağan bolurhe must not have chopped | bizbutamağan bolurbuzwe must not have chopped | sizbutamağan bolursuzyou all must not have chopped | alabutamağan bolurlathey must not have chopped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbutarıq bolurmaI must be going to chop | senbutarıq bolursayou must be going to chop | olbutarıq bolurhe must be going to chop | bizbutarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to chop | sizbutarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to chop | alabutarıq bolurlathey must be going to chop |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbutamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to chop | senbutamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to chop | olbutamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to chop | bizbutamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to chop | sizbutamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to chop | alabutamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to chop |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbutayımlet me chop | senbuta!chop! | olbutasınlet him chop | bizbutayıqlet's chop | sizbutağız!chop, you all! | alabutasınlalet them chop |
| Commands & suggestions | menbutamayımlet me not chop | senbutama!don't chop! | olbutamasınlet him not chop | bizbutamayıqlet's not chop | sizbutamağız!don't chop, you all! | alabutamasınlalet them not chop |
| Commands & suggestions | menbutayımmı?shall I chop? | olbutasınmı?should he chop? | bizbutayıqmı?shall we chop? | alabutasınlamı?should they chop? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbutamayımmı?shall I not chop? | olbutamasınmı?should he not chop? | bizbutamayıqmı?shall we not chop? | alabutamasınlamı?should they not chop? | ||
| Requests | senbutaçı2butaçınplease chop | olbutasınçıdo let him chop | sizbutaçığızplease chop (plural/polite) | alabutasınlaçıdo let them chop | ||
| Requests | senbutamaçı2butamaçınplease don't chop | olbutamasınçıdo let him not chop | sizbutamaçığızplease don't chop (plural/polite) | alabutamasınlaçıdo let them not chop | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbutağınbutağımay you chop | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbutamağınbutamağımay you not chop | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbutağay edim butağa edimwould that I chopped | senbutağay ediŋ butağa ediŋwould that you chopped | olbutağay edi butağa ediwould that he chopped | bizbutağay edik butağa edikwould that we chopped | sizbutağay edigiz butağa edigizwould that you all chopped | alabutağay edile butağa edilewould that they chopped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbutamağay edim butamağa edimwould that I did not chop | senbutamağay ediŋ butamağa ediŋwould that you did not chop | olbutamağay edi butamağa ediwould that he did not chop | bizbutamağay edik butamağa edikwould that we did not chop | sizbutamağay edigiz butamağa edigizwould that you all did not chop | alabutamağay edile butamağa edilewould that they did not chop |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbutamağa qoyayımbutama qoyayımlet me allow someone to chop | senbutamağa qoy!butama qoy!let someone chop! | olbutamağa qoysunbutama qoysunlet him allow someone to chop | bizbutamağa qoyayıqbutama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to chop | sizbutamağa qoyuğuz!butama qoyuğuz!let someone chop, you all! | alabutamağa qoysunlabutama qoysunlalet them allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbutamağa qoymayımbutama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to chop | senbutamağa qoyma!butama qoyma!don't let someone chop! | olbutamağa qoymasınbutama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to chop | bizbutamağa qoymayıqbutama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to chop | sizbutamağa qoymağız!butama qoymağız!don't let someone chop, you all! | alabutamağa qoymasınlabutama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbutamağa qoyayımmı?butama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to chop? | olbutamağa qoysunmu?butama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to chop? | bizbutamağa qoyayıqmı?butama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to chop? | alabutamağa qoysunlamı?butama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to chop? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbutamağa qoymayımmı?butama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to chop? | olbutamağa qoymasınmı?butama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to chop? | bizbutamağa qoymayıqmı?butama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to chop? | alabutamağa qoymasınlamı?butama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to chop? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbutamağa qoyamabutama qoyamaI allow someone to chop | senbutamağa qoyasabutama qoyasayou allow someone to chop | olbutamağa qoyadıbutama qoyadıhe allows someone to chop | bizbutamağa qoyabızbutama qoyabızwe allow someone to chop | sizbutamağa qoyasızbutama qoyasızyou all allow someone to chop | alabutamağa qoyadılabutama qoyadılathey allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (present) | menbutamağa qoymaymabutama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to chop | senbutamağa qoymaysabutama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to chop | olbutamağa qoymaydıbutama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to chop | bizbutamağa qoymaybızbutama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to chop | sizbutamağa qoymaysızbutama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to chop | alabutamağa qoymaydılabutama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (present) | menbutamağa qoyamamı?butama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to chop? | senbutamağa qoyamısa?butama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to chop? | olbutamağa qoyamıdı?butama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to chop? | bizbutamağa qoyabızmı?butama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to chop? | sizbutamağa qoyamısız?butama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to chop? | alabutamağa qoyamıdıla?butama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to chop? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbutamağa qoymaymamı?butama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to chop? | senbutamağa qoymaymısa?butama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to chop? | olbutamağa qoymaymıdı?butama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to chop? | bizbutamağa qoymaybızmı?butama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to chop? | sizbutamağa qoymaymısız?butama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to chop? | alabutamağa qoymaymıdıla?butama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to chop? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbutamağa qoydumbutama qoydumI allowed someone to chop | senbutamağa qoyduŋbutama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to chop | olbutamağa qoydubutama qoyduhe allowed someone to chop | bizbutamağa qoyduqbutama qoyduqwe allowed someone to chop | sizbutamağa qoyduğuzbutama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to chop | alabutamağa qoydulabutama qoydulathey allowed someone to chop |
| Let someone… (past) | menbutamağa qoymadımbutama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to chop | senbutamağa qoymadıŋbutama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to chop | olbutamağa qoymadıbutama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to chop | bizbutamağa qoymadıqbutama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to chop | sizbutamağa qoymadığızbutama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to chop | alabutamağa qoymadılabutama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to chop |
| Let someone… (past) | menbutamağa qoydummu?butama qoydummu?did I allow someone to chop? | senbutamağa qoyduŋmu?butama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to chop? | olbutamağa qoydumu?butama qoydumu?did he allow someone to chop? | bizbutamağa qoyduqmu?butama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to chop? | sizbutamağa qoyduğuzmu?butama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to chop? | alabutamağa qoydulamı?butama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to chop? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbutamağa qoymadımmı?butama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to chop? | senbutamağa qoymadıŋmı?butama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to chop? | olbutamağa qoymadımı?butama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to chop? | bizbutamağa qoymadıqmı?butama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to chop? | sizbutamağa qoymadığızmı?butama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to chop? | alabutamağa qoymadılamı?butama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to chop? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbutayalamaI can chop | senbutayalasayou can chop | olbutayaladıhe can chop | bizbutayalabızwe can chop | sizbutayalasızyou all can chop | alabutayaladılathey can chop |
| Ability — present | menbutayalmaymaI can't chop | senbutayalmaysayou can't chop | olbutayalmaydıhe can't chop | bizbutayalmaybızwe can't chop | sizbutayalmaysızyou all can't chop | alabutayalmaydılathey can't chop |
| Ability — present | menbutayalamamı? butayalamıma?can I chop? | senbutayalamısa?can you chop? | olbutayalamıdı?can he chop? | bizbutayalabızmı? butayalamıbız?can we chop? | sizbutayalamısız?can you all chop? | alabutayalamıdıla?can they chop? |
| Ability — present | menbutayalmaymamı? butayalmaymıma?can't I chop? | senbutayalmaymısa?can't you chop? | olbutayalmaymıdı?can't he chop? | bizbutayalmaybızmı? butayalmaymıbız?can't we chop? | sizbutayalmaymısız?can't you all chop? | alabutayalmaymıdıla?can't they chop? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbutayalsamif I can chop | senbutayalsaŋif you can chop | olbutayalsaif he can chop | bizbutayalsaqif we can chop | sizbutayalsağızif you all can chop | alabutayalsalaif they can chop |
| Ability — if I can… | menbutayalmasamif I can't chop | senbutayalmasaŋif you can't chop | olbutayalmasaif he can't chop | bizbutayalmasaqif we can't chop | sizbutayalmasağızif you all can't chop | alabutayalmasalaif they can't chop |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbutayaldımI was able to chop | senbutayaldıŋyou were able to chop | olbutayaldıhe was able to chop | bizbutayaldıqwe were able to chop | sizbutayaldığızyou all were able to chop | alabutayaldılathey were able to chop |
| Ability — simple past | menbutayalmadımI could not chop | senbutayalmadıŋyou could not chop | olbutayalmadıhe could not chop | bizbutayalmadıqwe could not chop | sizbutayalmadığızyou all could not chop | alabutayalmadılathey could not chop |
| Ability — simple past | menbutayaldımmı?was I able to chop? | senbutayaldıŋmı?were you able to chop? | olbutayaldımı?was he able to chop? | bizbutayaldıqmı?were we able to chop? | sizbutayaldığızmı?were you all able to chop? | alabutayaldılamı?were they able to chop? |
| Ability — simple past | menbutayalmadımmı?couldn't I chop? | senbutayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you chop? | olbutayalmadımı?couldn't he chop? | bizbutayalmadıqmı?couldn't we chop? | sizbutayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all chop? | alabutayalmadılamı?couldn't they chop? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbutayalğanmaI have been able to chop | senbutayalğansayou have been able to chop | olbutayalğandıhe has been able to chop | bizbutayalğanbızwe have been able to chop | sizbutayalğansızyou all have been able to chop | alabutayalğandılathey have been able to chop |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbutayalmağanmaI haven't been able to chop | senbutayalmağansayou haven't been able to chop | olbutayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to chop | bizbutayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to chop | sizbutayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to chop | alabutayalmağandılathey haven't been able to chop |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbutayalğanmamı? butayalğanmıma?have I been able to chop? | senbutayalğanmısa?have you been able to chop? | olbutayalğanmıdı?has he been able to chop? | bizbutayalğanbızmı? butayalğanmıbız?have we been able to chop? | sizbutayalğanmısız?have you all been able to chop? | alabutayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to chop? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbutayalmağanmamı? butayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to chop? | senbutayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to chop? | olbutayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to chop? | bizbutayalmağanbızmı? butayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to chop? | sizbutayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to chop? | alabutayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to chop? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbutayalğan edimbutayalğanemI had been able to chop | senbutayalğan ediŋbutayalğaneŋyou had been able to chop | olbutayalğan edibutayalğanedhe had been able to chop | bizbutayalğan edikbutayalğanekwe had been able to chop | sizbutayalğan edigizbutayalğanegizyou all had been able to chop | alabutayalğan edilebutayalğanellethey had been able to chop |
| Ability — past perfect | menbutayalmağan edimbutayalmağanemI hadn't been able to chop | senbutayalmağan ediŋbutayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to chop | olbutayalmağan edibutayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to chop | bizbutayalmağan edikbutayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to chop | sizbutayalmağan edigizbutayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to chop | alabutayalmağan edilebutayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to chop |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbutayala edimbutayalaemI could chop | senbutayala ediŋbutayalaeŋyou could chop | olbutayala edibutayalaedhe could chop | bizbutayala edikbutayalaekwe could chop | sizbutayala edigizbutayalaegizyou all could chop | alabutayala edilebutayalaellethey could chop |
| Ability — past background | menbutayalmay edimbutayalmayemI could not chop | senbutayalmay ediŋbutayalmayeŋyou could not chop | olbutayalmay edibutayalmayedhe could not chop | bizbutayalmay edikbutayalmayekwe could not chop | sizbutayalmay edigizbutayalmayegizyou all could not chop | alabutayalmay edilebutayalmayellethey could not chop |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbutayalırmaI will be able to chop | senbutayalırsayou will be able to chop | olbutayalırhe will be able to chop | bizbutayalırbızwe will be able to chop | sizbutayalırsızyou all will be able to chop | alabutayalırlathey will be able to chop |
| Ability — future I | menbutayalmazmaI won't be able to chop | senbutayalmazsayou won't be able to chop | olbutayalmazhe won't be able to chop | bizbutayalmazbızwe won't be able to chop | sizbutayalmazsızyou all won't be able to chop | alabutayalmazlathey won't be able to chop |
| Ability — future I | menbutayalırmamı? butayalırmıma?will I be able to chop? | senbutayalırmısa?will you be able to chop? | olbutayalırmı?will he be able to chop? | bizbutayalırbızmı? butayalırmıbız?will we be able to chop? | sizbutayalırmısız?will you all be able to chop? | alabutayalırlamı? butayalırmıla?will they be able to chop? |
| Ability — future I | menbutayalmazmamı? butayalmazmıma?won't I be able to chop? | senbutayalmazmısa?won't you be able to chop? | olbutayalmazmı?won't he be able to chop? | bizbutayalmazbızmı? butayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to chop? | sizbutayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to chop? | alabutayalmazlamı? butayalmazmıla?won't they be able to chop? |
| Ability — future II | menbutayallıqmaI am going to be able to chop | senbutayallıqsayou are going to be able to chop | olbutayallıqdıhe is going to be able to chop | bizbutayallıqbızwe are going to be able to chop | sizbutayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to chop | alabutayallıqdılathey are going to be able to chop |
| Ability — future II | menbutayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to chop | senbutayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to chop | olbutayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to chop | bizbutayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to chop | sizbutayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to chop | alabutayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to chop |
| Ability — future II | menbutayallıqmamı? butayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to chop? | senbutayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to chop? | olbutayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to chop? | bizbutayallıqbızmı? butayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to chop? | sizbutayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to chop? | alabutayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to chop? |
| Ability — future II | menbutayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to chop? | senbutayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to chop? | olbutayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to chop? | bizbutayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to chop? | sizbutayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to chop? | alabutayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to chop? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbutayalır edimbutayalır emI would be able to chop | senbutayalır ediŋbutayalır eŋyou would be able to chop | olbutayalır edibutayalır edhe would be able to chop | bizbutayalır edikbutayalır ekwe would be able to chop | sizbutayalır edigizbutayalır egizyou all would be able to chop | alabutayalır edilebutayalır ellethey would be able to chop |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbutayalmaz edimbutayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to chop | senbutayalmaz ediŋbutayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to chop | olbutayalmaz edibutayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to chop | bizbutayalmaz edikbutayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to chop | sizbutayalmaz edigizbutayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to chop | alabutayalmaz edilebutayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to chop |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbutayalğınbutayalğımay you be able to chop | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbutayalmağınbutayalmağımay you not be able to chop | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbutarğa izleymeI want to chop | senbutarğa izleyseyou want to chop | olbutarğa izleydihe wants to chop | bizbutarğa izleybizwe want to chop | sizbutarğa izleysizyou all want to chop | alabutarğa izleydilethey want to chop |
| want to | menbutarğa izlemeymeI do not want to chop | senbutarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to chop | olbutarğa izlemeydihe does not want to chop | bizbutarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to chop | sizbutarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to chop | alabutarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to chop |
| would like to | menbutarğa süemeI would like to chop | senbutarğa süeseyou would like to chop | olbutarğa süedihe would like to chop | bizbutarğa süebizwe would like to chop | sizbutarğa süesizyou all would like to chop | alabutarğa süedilethey would like to chop |
| would like to | menbutarğa süymeymeI would not like to chop | senbutarğa süymeyseyou would not like to chop | olbutarğa süymeydihe would not like to chop | bizbutarğa süymeybizwe would not like to chop | sizbutarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to chop | alabutarğa süymeydilethey would not like to chop |
| hope to | menbutarğa umutlanamaI hope to chop | senbutarğa umutlanasayou hope to chop | olbutarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to chop | bizbutarğa umutlanabızwe hope to chop | sizbutarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to chop | alabutarğa umutlanadılathey hope to chop |
| hope to | menbutarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to chop | senbutarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to chop | olbutarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to chop | bizbutarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to chop | sizbutarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to chop | alabutarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to chop |
| be about to | menbutarğa deb turamaI am about to chop | senbutarğa deb turasayou are about to chop | olbutarğa deb turadıhe is about to chop | bizbutarğa deb turabızwe are about to chop | sizbutarğa deb turasızyou all are about to chop | alabutarğa deb turadılathey are about to chop |
| be about to | menbutarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to chop | senbutarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to chop | olbutarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to chop | bizbutarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to chop | sizbutarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to chop | alabutarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to chop |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbutarğa kerekmeI need to chop | senbutarğa kerekseyou need to chop | olbutarğa kerekdihe needs to chop | bizbutarğa kerekbizwe need to chop | sizbutarğa kereksizyou all need to chop | alabutarğa kerekdilethey need to chop |
| need to | menbutarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to chop | senbutarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to chop | olbutarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to chop | bizbutarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to chop | sizbutarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to chop | alabutarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to chop |
| have to | menmenŋe butarğa tüşediI have to chop | sensenŋe butarğa tüşediyou have to chop | olaŋa butarğa tüşedihe has to chop | bizbizge butarğa tüşediwe have to chop | sizsizge butarğa tüşediyou all have to chop | alaalağa butarğa tüşedithey have to chop |
| have to | menmenŋe butarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to chop | sensenŋe butarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to chop | olaŋa butarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to chop | bizbizge butarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to chop | sizsizge butarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to chop | alaalağa butarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to chop |
| be obliged to | menbutarğa borçlumaI am obliged to chop | senbutarğa borçlusayou are obliged to chop | olbutarğa borçluduhe is obliged to chop | bizbutarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to chop | sizbutarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to chop | alabutarğa borçludulathey are obliged to chop |
| be obliged to | menbutarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to chop | senbutarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to chop | olbutarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to chop | bizbutarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to chop | sizbutarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to chop | alabutarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to chop |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbutarğa madarım bardıI have a way to chop | senbutarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to chop | olbutarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to chop | bizbutarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to chop | sizbutarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to chop | alabutarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to chop |
| have a way to | menbutarğa madarım joqduI have no way to chop | senbutarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to chop | olbutarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to chop | bizbutarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to chop | sizbutarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to chop | alabutarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to chop |
| be free to | menbutarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to chop | senbutarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to chop | olbutarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to chop | bizbutarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to chop | sizbutarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to chop | alabutarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to chop |
| be free to | menbutarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to chop | senbutarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to chop | olbutarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to chop | bizbutarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to chop | sizbutarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to chop | alabutarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to chop |
| be possible to | menmenŋe butarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to chop | sensenŋe butarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to chop | olaŋa butarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to chop | bizbizge butarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to chop | sizsizge butarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to chop | alaalağa butarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to chop |
| be possible to | menmenŋe butarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to chop | sensenŋe butarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to chop | olaŋa butarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to chop | bizbizge butarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to chop | sizsizge butarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to chop | alaalağa butarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to chop |
| be ready to | menbutarğa hazırmaI am ready to chop | senbutarğa hazırsayou are ready to chop | olbutarğa hazırdıhe is ready to chop | bizbutarğa hazırbızwe are ready to chop | sizbutarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to chop | alabutarğa hazırdılathey are ready to chop |
| be ready to | menbutarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to chop | senbutarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to chop | olbutarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to chop | bizbutarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to chop | sizbutarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to chop | alabutarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to chop |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbutarğa küreşemeI am trying to chop | senbutarğa küreşeseyou are trying to chop | olbutarğa küreşedihe is trying to chop | bizbutarğa küreşebizwe are trying to chop | sizbutarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to chop | alabutarğa küreşedilethey are trying to chop |
| try to | menbutarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to chop | senbutarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to chop | olbutarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to chop | bizbutarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to chop | sizbutarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to chop | alabutarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to chop |
| agree to | menbutarğa unaymaI agree to chop | senbutarğa unaysayou agree to chop | olbutarğa unaydıhe agrees to chop | bizbutarğa unaybızwe agree to chop | sizbutarğa unaysızyou all agree to chop | alabutarğa unaydılathey agree to chop |
| agree to | menbutarğa unamaymaI refuse to chop | senbutarğa unamaysayou refuse to chop | olbutarğa unamaydıhe refuses to chop | bizbutarğa unamaybızwe refuse to chop | sizbutarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to chop | alabutarğa unamaydılathey refuse to chop |
| hurry to | menbutarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to chop | senbutarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to chop | olbutarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to chop | bizbutarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to chop | sizbutarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to chop | alabutarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to chop |
| hurry to | menbutarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to chop | senbutarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to chop | olbutarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to chop | bizbutarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to chop | sizbutarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to chop | alabutarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to chop |
| be afraid to | menbutarğa qorqamaI am afraid to chop | senbutarğa qorqasayou are afraid to chop | olbutarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to chop | bizbutarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to chop | sizbutarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to chop | alabutarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to chop |
| be afraid to | menbutarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to chop | senbutarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to chop | olbutarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to chop | bizbutarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to chop | sizbutarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to chop | alabutarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to chop |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbutay bolmazmaI can't be chopping | senbutay bolmazsayou can't be chopping | olbutay bolmazhe can't be chopping | bizbutay bolmazbızwe can't be chopping | sizbutay bolmazsızyou all can't be chopping | alabutay bolmazlathey can't be chopping |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbutamay bolmazmaI must be chopping (emphatic) | senbutamay bolmazsayou must be chopping (emphatic) | olbutamay bolmazhe must be chopping (emphatic) | bizbutamay bolmazbızwe must be chopping (emphatic) | sizbutamay bolmazsızyou all must be chopping (emphatic) | alabutamay bolmazlathey must be chopping (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbutay turmasamif I don't keep chopping | senbutay turmasaŋif you don't keep chopping | olbutay turmasaif he doesn't keep chopping | bizbutay turmasaqif we don't keep chopping | sizbutay turmasağızif you all don't keep chopping | alabutay turmasalaif they don't keep chopping |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbutay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of chopping | senbutay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of chopping | olbutay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of chopping | bizbutay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of chopping | sizbutay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of chopping | alabutay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of chopping |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbutamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | senbutamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | olbutamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | bizbutamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | sizbutamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not chopping (emphatic) | alabutamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not chopping (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbutamay turamaI keep on not chopping | senbutamay turasayou keep on not chopping | olbutamay turadıhe keeps on not chopping | bizbutamay turabızwe keep on not chopping | sizbutamay turasızyou all keep on not chopping | alabutamay turadılathey keep on not chopping |
| Progressive — double negation | menbutamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not chopping | senbutamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not chopping | olbutamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not chopping | bizbutamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not chopping | sizbutamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not chopping | alabutamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not chopping |
| Progressive — double negation | menbutamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not chopping? | senbutamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not chopping? | olbutamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not chopping? | bizbutamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not chopping? | sizbutamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not chopping? | alabutamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not chopping? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbutağan bolmazmaI can't have chopped | senbutağan bolmazsayou can't have chopped | olbutağan bolmazhe can't have chopped | bizbutağan bolmazbızwe can't have chopped | sizbutağan bolmazsızyou all can't have chopped | alabutağan bolmazlathey can't have chopped |
| Inference — double negation | menbutamağan bolmazmaI must have chopped (emphatic) | senbutamağan bolmazsayou must have chopped (emphatic) | olbutamağan bolmazhe must have chopped (emphatic) | bizbutamağan bolmazbızwe must have chopped (emphatic) | sizbutamağan bolmazsızyou all must have chopped (emphatic) | alabutamağan bolmazlathey must have chopped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbutağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had chopped | senbutağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had chopped | olbutağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had chopped | bizbutağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had chopped | sizbutağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had chopped | alabutağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had chopped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbutamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't chopped | senbutamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't chopped | olbutamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't chopped | bizbutamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't chopped | sizbutamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't chopped | alabutamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't chopped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbutarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to chop | senbutarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to chop | olbutarıq bolmazhe can't be going to chop | bizbutarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to chop | sizbutarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to chop | alabutarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to chop |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbutamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to chop (emphatic) | senbutamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to chop (emphatic) | olbutamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to chop (emphatic) | bizbutamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to chop (emphatic) | sizbutamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to chop (emphatic) | alabutamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to chop (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbutarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to chop | senbutarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to chop | olbutarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to chop | bizbutarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to chop | sizbutarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to chop | alabutarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to chop |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbutamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to chop | senbutamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to chop | olbutamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to chop | bizbutamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to chop | sizbutamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to chop | alabutamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to chop |