bürkerge
/byrkerɡe/
1. to spray, to sprinkle, to squirt, to spatter
- jerge suw bürkerge — to sprinkle water on the ground
- suwuq suw bürkerge — to sprinkle cold water on someone
- tereklege darman bürkerge — to spray pesticide on the trees
- anam kiyimlege suw bürkedi — my mother sprays water on the clothes
- ol terekge darman bürkdü — he sprayed pesticide on the tree
2. to squander, to throw money about, to fritter away
- açhanı bürkerge — to throw money about
- ol açhanı bürkedi — he throws his money about
- atasını açhasın bürkdü — he squandered his father's money
Expressions
- men qaynay esem, sen bürkese — you live better
Conjugation
Common forms
- bürkedihe is spraying
- bürkdühe sprayed
- bürkgendihe has sprayed
- bürkerhe will spray
- bürkerikdihe is going to spray
- bürke edihe was spraying
- bürkseif he sprays
- bürk!spray!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbürkemeI am spraying | senbürkeseyou are spraying | olbürkedihe is spraying | bizbürkebizwe are spraying | sizbürkesizyou all are spraying | alabürkedilethey are spraying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbürkmeymeI am not spraying | senbürkmeyseyou are not spraying | olbürkmeydihe is not spraying | bizbürkmeybizwe are not spraying | sizbürkmeysizyou all are not spraying | alabürkmeydilethey are not spraying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbürkememi? bürkemime?am I spraying? | senbürkemise?are you spraying? | olbürkemidi?is he spraying? | bizbürkebizmi? bürkemibiz?are we spraying? | sizbürkemisiz?are you all spraying? | alabürkemidile?are they spraying? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbürkmeymemi? bürkmeymime?aren't I spraying? | senbürkmeymise?aren't you spraying? | olbürkmeymidi?isn't he spraying? | bizbürkmeybizmi? bürkmeymibiz?aren't we spraying? | sizbürkmeymisiz?aren't you all spraying? | alabürkmeymidile?aren't they spraying? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbürküwçenmeI usually spray | senbürküwçenseyou usually spray | olbürküwçendihe usually sprays | bizbürküwçenbizwe usually spray | sizbürküwçensizyou all usually spray | alabürküwçendilethey usually spray |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbürküwçen tülmeI don't usually spray | senbürküwçen tülseyou don't usually spray | olbürküwçen tüldühe doesn't usually spray | bizbürküwçen tülbüzwe don't usually spray | sizbürküwçen tülsüzyou all don't usually spray | alabürküwçen tüldülethey don't usually spray |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbürküwçenmemi? bürküwçenmime?do I usually spray? | senbürküwçenmise?do you usually spray? | olbürküwçenmidi?does he usually spray? | bizbürküwçenbizmi? bürküwçenmibiz?do we usually spray? | sizbürküwçenmisiz?do you all usually spray? | alabürküwçenmidile?do they usually spray? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbürküwçen tülmüme?don't I usually spray? | senbürküwçen tülmüse?don't you usually spray? | olbürküwçen tülmüdü?doesn't he usually spray? | bizbürküwçen tülmübüz?don't we usually spray? | sizbürküwçen tülmüsüz?don't you all usually spray? | alabürküwçen tülmüdüle?don't they usually spray? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbürkübdühe has sprayed and remains so | alabürkübdülethey have sprayed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbürkübmüdü?has he sprayed? | alabürkübmüdüle?have they sprayed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbürke turamaI am in the middle of spraying | senbürke turasayou are in the middle of spraying | olbürke turadıhe is in the middle of spraying | bizbürke turabızwe are in the middle of spraying | sizbürke turasızyou all are in the middle of spraying | alabürke turadılathey are in the middle of spraying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbürke turmaymaI am not in the middle of spraying | senbürke turmaysayou are not in the middle of spraying | olbürke turmaydıhe is not in the middle of spraying | bizbürke turmaybızwe are not in the middle of spraying | sizbürke turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of spraying | alabürke turmaydılathey are not in the middle of spraying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbürke turamamı? bürke turamıma?am I in the middle of spraying? | senbürke turamısa?are you in the middle of spraying? | olbürke turamıdı?is he in the middle of spraying? | bizbürke turabızmı? bürke turamıbız?are we in the middle of spraying? | sizbürke turamısız?are you all in the middle of spraying? | alabürke turamıdıla?are they in the middle of spraying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbürke turmaymamı? bürke turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of spraying? | senbürke turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of spraying? | olbürke turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of spraying? | bizbürke turmaybızmı? bürke turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of spraying? | sizbürke turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of spraying? | alabürke turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of spraying? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbürkdümI sprayed | senbürkdüŋyou sprayed | olbürkdühe sprayed | bizbürkdükwe sprayed | sizbürkdügüzyou all sprayed | alabürkdülethey sprayed |
| Simple past (definite) | menbürkmedimI didn't spray | senbürkmediŋyou didn't spray | olbürkmedihe didn't spray | bizbürkmedikwe didn't spray | sizbürkmedigizyou all didn't spray | alabürkmedilethey didn't spray |
| Simple past (definite) | menbürkdümmü?did I spray? | senbürkdüŋmü?did you spray? | olbürkdümü?did he spray? | bizbürkdükmü?did we spray? | sizbürkdügüzmü?did you all spray? | alabürkdülemi?did they spray? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbürkmedimmi?didn't I spray? | senbürkmediŋmi?didn't you spray? | olbürkmedimi?didn't he spray? | bizbürkmedikmi?didn't we spray? | sizbürkmedigizmi?didn't you all spray? | alabürkmedilemi?didn't they spray? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbürkgenmeI have sprayed | senbürkgenseyou have sprayed | olbürkgendihe has sprayed | bizbürkgenbizwe have sprayed | sizbürkgensizyou all have sprayed | alabürkgendilethey have sprayed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbürkmegenmeI haven't sprayed | senbürkmegenseyou haven't sprayed | olbürkmegendihe hasn't sprayed | bizbürkmegenbizwe haven't sprayed | sizbürkmegensizyou all haven't sprayed | alabürkmegendilethey haven't sprayed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbürkgenmemi? bürkgenmime?have I sprayed? | senbürkgenmise?have you sprayed? | olbürkgenmidi?has he sprayed? | bizbürkgenbizmi? bürkgenmibiz?have we sprayed? | sizbürkgenmisiz?have you all sprayed? | alabürkgenmidile?have they sprayed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbürkmegenmemi? bürkmegenmime?haven't I sprayed? | senbürkmegenmise?haven't you sprayed? | olbürkmegenmidi?hasn't he sprayed? | bizbürkmegenbizmi? bürkmegenmibiz?haven't we sprayed? | sizbürkmegenmisiz?haven't you all sprayed? | alabürkmegenmidile?haven't they sprayed? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbürkermeI will spray | senbürkerseyou will spray | olbürkerhe will spray | bizbürkerbizwe will spray | sizbürkersizyou all will spray | alabürkerlethey will spray |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbürkmezmeI won't spray | senbürkmezseyou won't spray | olbürkmezhe won't spray | bizbürkmezbizwe won't spray | sizbürkmezsizyou all won't spray | alabürkmezlethey won't spray |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbürkermemi? bürkermime?will I spray? | senbürkermise?will you spray? | olbürkermi?will he spray? | bizbürkerbizmi? bürkermibiz?will we spray? | sizbürkermisiz?will you all spray? | alabürkerlemi? bürkermile?will they spray? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbürkmezmemi? bürkmezmime?won't I spray? | senbürkmezmise?won't you spray? | olbürkmezmi?won't he spray? | bizbürkmezbizmi? bürkmezmibiz?won't we spray? | sizbürkmezmisiz?won't you all spray? | alabürkmezlemi? bürkmezmile?won't they spray? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbürkerikmeI am going to spray | senbürkerikseyou are going to spray | olbürkerikdihe is going to spray | bizbürkerikbizwe are going to spray | sizbürkeriksizyou all are going to spray | alabürkerikdilethey are going to spray |
| Definite future (future II) | menbürkerik tülmeI am not going to spray | senbürkerik tülseyou are not going to spray | olbürkerik tüldühe is not going to spray | bizbürkerik tülbüzwe are not going to spray | sizbürkerik tülsüzyou all are not going to spray | alabürkerik tüldülethey are not going to spray |
| Definite future (future II) | menbürkerikmemi? bürkerikmime?am I going to spray? | senbürkerikmise?are you going to spray? | olbürkerikmidi?is he going to spray? | bizbürkerikbizmi? bürkerikmibiz?are we going to spray? | sizbürkerikmisiz?are you all going to spray? | alabürkerikmidile?are they going to spray? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbürkerik tülmüme?aren't I going to spray? | senbürkerik tülmüse?aren't you going to spray? | olbürkerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to spray? | bizbürkerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to spray? | sizbürkerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spray? | alabürkerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spray? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbürkgen edimbürkgenemI had sprayed | senbürkgen ediŋbürkgeneŋyou had sprayed | olbürkgen edibürkgenedhe had sprayed | bizbürkgen edikbürkgenekwe had sprayed | sizbürkgen edigizbürkgenegizyou all had sprayed | alabürkgen edilebürkgenellethey had sprayed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbürkmegen edimbürkmegenemI hadn't sprayed | senbürkmegen ediŋbürkmegeneŋyou hadn't sprayed | olbürkmegen edibürkmegenedhe hadn't sprayed | bizbürkmegen edikbürkmegenekwe hadn't sprayed | sizbürkmegen edigizbürkmegenegizyou all hadn't sprayed | alabürkmegen edilebürkmegenellethey hadn't sprayed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbürke edimbürkemI was spraying | senbürke ediŋbürkeŋyou were spraying | olbürke edibürkedhe was spraying | bizbürke edikbürkekwe were spraying | sizbürke edigizbürkegizyou all were spraying | alabürke edilebürkellethey were spraying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbürkmey edimbürkmeyemI wasn't spraying | senbürkmey ediŋbürkmeyeŋyou weren't spraying | olbürkmey edibürkmeyedhe wasn't spraying | bizbürkmey edikbürkmeyekwe weren't spraying | sizbürkmey edigizbürkmeyegizyou all weren't spraying | alabürkmey edilebürkmeyellethey weren't spraying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbürküwçen edimbürküwçenemI used to spray | senbürküwçen ediŋbürküwçeneŋyou used to spray | olbürküwçen edibürküwçenedhe used to spray | bizbürküwçen edikbürküwçenekwe used to spray | sizbürküwçen edigizbürküwçenegizyou all used to spray | alabürküwçen edilebürküwçenellethey used to spray |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbürküwçen tül edimbürküwçen tül emI didn't use to spray | senbürküwçen tül ediŋbürküwçen tül eŋyou didn't use to spray | olbürküwçen tül edibürküwçen tül edhe didn't use to spray | bizbürküwçen tül edikbürküwçen tül ekwe didn't use to spray | sizbürküwçen tül edigizbürküwçen tül egizyou all didn't use to spray | alabürküwçen tül edilebürküwçen tül ellethey didn't use to spray |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbürküb edihe had sprayed and remained so | alabürküb edilethey had sprayed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbürküb tül edihe hadn't sprayed | alabürküb tül edilethey hadn't sprayed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbürke tura edimbürke turaemI was in the middle of spraying | senbürke tura ediŋbürke turaeŋyou were in the middle of spraying | olbürke tura edibürke turaedhe was in the middle of spraying | bizbürke tura edikbürke turaekwe were in the middle of spraying | sizbürke tura edigizbürke turaegizyou all were in the middle of spraying | alabürke tura edilebürke turaellethey were in the middle of spraying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbürke turmay edimbürke turmayemI wasn't in the middle of spraying | senbürke turmay ediŋbürke turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of spraying | olbürke turmay edibürke turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of spraying | bizbürke turmay edikbürke turmayekwe weren't in the middle of spraying | sizbürke turmay edigizbürke turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of spraying | alabürke turmay edilebürke turmayellethey weren't in the middle of spraying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbürker edimbürker emI would spray | senbürker ediŋbürker eŋyou would spray | olbürker edibürker edhe would spray | bizbürker edikbürker ekwe would spray | sizbürker edigizbürker egizyou all would spray | alabürker edilebürker ellethey would spray |
| Conditional result (would) | menbürkmez edimbürkmez emI wouldn't spray | senbürkmez ediŋbürkmez eŋyou wouldn't spray | olbürkmez edibürkmez edhe wouldn't spray | bizbürkmez edikbürkmez ekwe wouldn't spray | sizbürkmez edigizbürkmez egizyou all wouldn't spray | alabürkmez edilebürkmez ellethey wouldn't spray |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbürkerik edimbürkerik emI would have sprayed | senbürkerik ediŋbürkerik eŋyou would have sprayed | olbürkerik edibürkerik edhe would have sprayed | bizbürkerik edikbürkerik ekwe would have sprayed | sizbürkerik edigizbürkerik egizyou all would have sprayed | alabürkerik edilebürkerik ellethey would have sprayed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbürkerik tül edimbürkerik tül emI wouldn't have sprayed | senbürkerik tül ediŋbürkerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have sprayed | olbürkerik tül edibürkerik tül edhe wouldn't have sprayed | bizbürkerik tül edikbürkerik tül ekwe wouldn't have sprayed | sizbürkerik tül edigizbürkerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have sprayed | alabürkerik tül edilebürkerik tül ellethey wouldn't have sprayed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbürksemif I spray | senbürkseŋif you spray | olbürkseif he sprays | bizbürksekif we spray | sizbürksegizif you all spray | alabürkseleif they spray |
| Conditional | menbürkmesemif I don't spray | senbürkmeseŋif you don't spray | olbürkmeseif he doesn't spray | bizbürkmesekif we don't spray | sizbürkmesegizif you all don't spray | alabürkmeseleif they don't spray |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbürke esemif I am spraying | senbürke eseŋif you are spraying | olbürke eseif he is spraying | bizbürke esekif we are spraying | sizbürke esegizif you all are spraying | alabürke eseleif they are spraying |
| Conditional, present real | menbürkmey esemif I am not spraying | senbürkmey eseŋif you are not spraying | olbürkmey eseif he is not spraying | bizbürkmey esekif we are not spraying | sizbürkmey esegizif you all are not spraying | alabürkmey eseleif they are not spraying |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbürksem edibürksem edif only I sprayed | senbürkseŋ edibürkseŋ edif only you sprayed | olbürkse edibürksedif only he sprayed | bizbürksek edibürksek edif only we sprayed | sizbürksegiz edibürksegiz edif only you all sprayed | alabürksele edibürkseledif only they sprayed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbürkmesem edibürkmesem edif only I didn't spray | senbürkmeseŋ edibürkmeseŋ edif only you didn't spray | olbürkmese edibürkmesedif only he didn't spray | bizbürkmesek edibürkmesek edif only we didn't spray | sizbürkmesegiz edibürkmesegiz edif only you all didn't spray | alabürkmesele edibürkmeseledif only they didn't spray |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbürke tursamif I keep spraying | senbürke tursaŋif you keep spraying | olbürke tursaif he keeps spraying | bizbürke tursaqif we keep spraying | sizbürke tursağızif you all keep spraying | alabürke tursalaif they keep spraying |
| Progressive conditional | menbürkmey tursamif I keep on not spraying | senbürkmey tursaŋif you keep on not spraying | olbürkmey tursaif he keeps on not spraying | bizbürkmey tursaqif we keep on not spraying | sizbürkmey tursağızif you all keep on not spraying | alabürkmey tursalaif they keep on not spraying |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbürke tura esemif I am in the middle of spraying | senbürke tura eseŋif you are in the middle of spraying | olbürke tura eseif he is in the middle of spraying | bizbürke tura esekif we are in the middle of spraying | sizbürke tura esegizif you all are in the middle of spraying | alabürke tura eseleif they are in the middle of spraying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbürkmey tura esemif I keep on not spraying | senbürkmey tura eseŋif you keep on not spraying | olbürkmey tura eseif he keeps on not spraying | bizbürkmey tura esekif we keep on not spraying | sizbürkmey tura esegizif you all keep on not spraying | alabürkmey tura eseleif they keep on not spraying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbürkdüm esemif I sprayed | senbürkdüŋ eseŋif you sprayed | olbürkdü eseif he sprayed | bizbürkdük esekif we sprayed | sizbürkdügüz esegizif you all sprayed | alabürkdüle eseleif they sprayed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbürkmedim esemif I didn't spray | senbürkmediŋ eseŋif you didn't spray | olbürkmedi eseif he didn't spray | bizbürkmedik esekif we didn't spray | sizbürkmedigiz esegizif you all didn't spray | alabürkmedile eseleif they didn't spray |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbürkgen esemif I did spray (indeed) | senbürkgen eseŋif you did spray (indeed) | olbürkgen eseif he did spray (indeed) | bizbürkgen esekif we did spray (indeed) | sizbürkgen esegizif you all did spray (indeed) | alabürkgen eseleif they did spray (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbürkmegen esemif I didn't spray (indeed) | senbürkmegen eseŋif you didn't spray (indeed) | olbürkmegen eseif he didn't spray (indeed) | bizbürkmegen esekif we didn't spray (indeed) | sizbürkmegen esegizif you all didn't spray (indeed) | alabürkmegen eseleif they didn't spray (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbürkgen bolsamif I had sprayed | senbürkgen bolsaŋif you had sprayed | olbürkgen bolsaif he had sprayed | bizbürkgen bolsaqif we had sprayed | sizbürkgen bolsağızif you all had sprayed | alabürkgen bolsalaif they had sprayed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbürkmegen bolsamif I hadn't sprayed | senbürkmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't sprayed | olbürkmegen bolsaif he hadn't sprayed | bizbürkmegen bolsaqif we hadn't sprayed | sizbürkmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't sprayed | alabürkmegen bolsalaif they hadn't sprayed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbürkgen bolsam edibürkgen bolsam edif only I had sprayed | senbürkgen bolsaŋ edibürkgen bolsaŋ edif only you had sprayed | olbürkgen bolsa edibürkgen bolsaedif only he had sprayed | bizbürkgen bolsaq edibürkgen bolsaq edif only we had sprayed | sizbürkgen bolsağız edibürkgen bolsağız edif only you all had sprayed | alabürkgen bolsala edibürkgen bolsalaedif only they had sprayed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbürkmegen bolsam edibürkmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't sprayed | senbürkmegen bolsaŋ edibürkmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't sprayed | olbürkmegen bolsa edibürkmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't sprayed | bizbürkmegen bolsaq edibürkmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't sprayed | sizbürkmegen bolsağız edibürkmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't sprayed | alabürkmegen bolsala edibürkmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't sprayed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbürker esemif I will spray | senbürker eseŋif you will spray | olbürker eseif he will spray | bizbürker esekif we will spray | sizbürker esegizif you all will spray | alabürker eseleif they will spray |
| Conditional, aorist | menbürkmez esemif I won't spray | senbürkmez eseŋif you won't spray | olbürkmez eseif he won't spray | bizbürkmez esekif we won't spray | sizbürkmez esegizif you all won't spray | alabürkmez eseleif they won't spray |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbürkerik esemif I am going to spray | senbürkerik eseŋif you are going to spray | olbürkerik eseif he is going to spray | bizbürkerik esekif we are going to spray | sizbürkerik esegizif you all are going to spray | alabürkerik eseleif they are going to spray |
| Conditional, future | menbürkerik tül esemif I am not going to spray | senbürkerik tül eseŋif you are not going to spray | olbürkerik tül eseif he is not going to spray | bizbürkerik tül esekif we are not going to spray | sizbürkerik tül esegizif you all are not going to spray | alabürkerik tül eseleif they are not going to spray |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbürkerik bolsamif I were going to spray | senbürkerik bolsaŋif you were going to spray | olbürkerik bolsaif he were going to spray | bizbürkerik bolsaqif we were going to spray | sizbürkerik bolsağızif you all were going to spray | alabürkerik bolsalaif they were going to spray |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbürkmezlik bolsamif I were not going to spray | senbürkmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to spray | olbürkmezlik bolsaif he were not going to spray | bizbürkmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to spray | sizbürkmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to spray | alabürkmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to spray |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bürkdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbürke bolurmaI must be spraying | senbürke bolursayou must be spraying | olbürke bolurhe must be spraying | bizbürke bolurbuzwe must be spraying | sizbürke bolursuzyou all must be spraying | alabürke bolurlathey must be spraying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbürkmey bolurmaI must not be spraying | senbürkmey bolursayou must not be spraying | olbürkmey bolurhe must not be spraying | bizbürkmey bolurbuzwe must not be spraying | sizbürkmey bolursuzyou all must not be spraying | alabürkmey bolurlathey must not be spraying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbürke tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of spraying | senbürke tura bolursayou must be in the middle of spraying | olbürke tura bolurhe must be in the middle of spraying | bizbürke tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of spraying | sizbürke tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of spraying | alabürke tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of spraying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbürkmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not spraying | senbürkmey tura bolursayou must keep on not spraying | olbürkmey tura bolurhe must keep on not spraying | bizbürkmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not spraying | sizbürkmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not spraying | alabürkmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not spraying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbürkgen bolurmaI must have sprayed | senbürkgen bolursayou must have sprayed | olbürkgen bolurhe must have sprayed | bizbürkgen bolurbuzwe must have sprayed | sizbürkgen bolursuzyou all must have sprayed | alabürkgen bolurlathey must have sprayed |
| Inference (must have) | menbürkmegen bolurmaI must not have sprayed | senbürkmegen bolursayou must not have sprayed | olbürkmegen bolurhe must not have sprayed | bizbürkmegen bolurbuzwe must not have sprayed | sizbürkmegen bolursuzyou all must not have sprayed | alabürkmegen bolurlathey must not have sprayed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbürkerik bolurmaI must be going to spray | senbürkerik bolursayou must be going to spray | olbürkerik bolurhe must be going to spray | bizbürkerik bolurbuzwe must be going to spray | sizbürkerik bolursuzyou all must be going to spray | alabürkerik bolurlathey must be going to spray |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbürkmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to spray | senbürkmezlik bolursayou must not be going to spray | olbürkmezlik bolurhe must not be going to spray | bizbürkmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to spray | sizbürkmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to spray | alabürkmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to spray |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbürkeyimlet me spray | senbürk!spray! | olbürksünlet him spray | bizbürkeyiklet's spray | sizbürkügüz!spray, you all! | alabürksünlelet them spray |
| Commands & suggestions | menbürkmeyimlet me not spray | senbürkme!don't spray! | olbürkmesinlet him not spray | bizbürkmeyiklet's not spray | sizbürkmegiz!don't spray, you all! | alabürkmesinlelet them not spray |
| Commands & suggestions | menbürkeyimmi?shall I spray? | olbürksünmü?should he spray? | bizbürkeyikmi?shall we spray? | alabürksünlemi?should they spray? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbürkmeyimmi?shall I not spray? | olbürkmesinmi?should he not spray? | bizbürkmeyikmi?shall we not spray? | alabürkmesinlemi?should they not spray? | ||
| Requests | senbürkçü2bürkçünplease spray | olbürksünçüdo let him spray | sizbürkçügüzplease spray (plural/polite) | alabürksünleçido let them spray | ||
| Requests | senbürkmeçi2bürkmeçinplease don't spray | olbürkmesinçido let him not spray | sizbürkmeçigizplease don't spray (plural/polite) | alabürkmesinleçido let them not spray | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbürkgünbürkgümay you spray | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbürkmeginbürkmegimay you not spray | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbürkgey edim bürkge edimwould that I sprayed | senbürkgey ediŋ bürkge ediŋwould that you sprayed | olbürkgey edi bürkge ediwould that he sprayed | bizbürkgey edik bürkge edikwould that we sprayed | sizbürkgey edigiz bürkge edigizwould that you all sprayed | alabürkgey edile bürkge edilewould that they sprayed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbürkmegey edim bürkmege edimwould that I did not spray | senbürkmegey ediŋ bürkmege ediŋwould that you did not spray | olbürkmegey edi bürkmege ediwould that he did not spray | bizbürkmegey edik bürkmege edikwould that we did not spray | sizbürkmegey edigiz bürkmege edigizwould that you all did not spray | alabürkmegey edile bürkmege edilewould that they did not spray |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbürkmege qoyayımbürkme qoyayımlet me allow someone to spray | senbürkmege qoy!bürkme qoy!let someone spray! | olbürkmege qoysunbürkme qoysunlet him allow someone to spray | bizbürkmege qoyayıqbürkme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spray | sizbürkmege qoyuğuz!bürkme qoyuğuz!let someone spray, you all! | alabürkmege qoysunlabürkme qoysunlalet them allow someone to spray |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbürkmege qoymayımbürkme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spray | senbürkmege qoyma!bürkme qoyma!don't let someone spray! | olbürkmege qoymasınbürkme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spray | bizbürkmege qoymayıqbürkme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spray | sizbürkmege qoymağız!bürkme qoymağız!don't let someone spray, you all! | alabürkmege qoymasınlabürkme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spray |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbürkmege qoyayımmı?bürkme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spray? | olbürkmege qoysunmu?bürkme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spray? | bizbürkmege qoyayıqmı?bürkme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spray? | alabürkmege qoysunlamı?bürkme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spray? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbürkmege qoymayımmı?bürkme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spray? | olbürkmege qoymasınmı?bürkme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spray? | bizbürkmege qoymayıqmı?bürkme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spray? | alabürkmege qoymasınlamı?bürkme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spray? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbürkmege qoyamabürkme qoyamaI allow someone to spray | senbürkmege qoyasabürkme qoyasayou allow someone to spray | olbürkmege qoyadıbürkme qoyadıhe allows someone to spray | bizbürkmege qoyabızbürkme qoyabızwe allow someone to spray | sizbürkmege qoyasızbürkme qoyasızyou all allow someone to spray | alabürkmege qoyadılabürkme qoyadılathey allow someone to spray |
| Let someone… (present) | menbürkmege qoymaymabürkme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spray | senbürkmege qoymaysabürkme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spray | olbürkmege qoymaydıbürkme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spray | bizbürkmege qoymaybızbürkme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spray | sizbürkmege qoymaysızbürkme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spray | alabürkmege qoymaydılabürkme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spray |
| Let someone… (present) | menbürkmege qoyamamı?bürkme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spray? | senbürkmege qoyamısa?bürkme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spray? | olbürkmege qoyamıdı?bürkme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spray? | bizbürkmege qoyabızmı?bürkme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spray? | sizbürkmege qoyamısız?bürkme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spray? | alabürkmege qoyamıdıla?bürkme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spray? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbürkmege qoymaymamı?bürkme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spray? | senbürkmege qoymaymısa?bürkme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spray? | olbürkmege qoymaymıdı?bürkme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spray? | bizbürkmege qoymaybızmı?bürkme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spray? | sizbürkmege qoymaymısız?bürkme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spray? | alabürkmege qoymaymıdıla?bürkme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spray? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbürkmege qoydumbürkme qoydumI allowed someone to spray | senbürkmege qoyduŋbürkme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spray | olbürkmege qoydubürkme qoyduhe allowed someone to spray | bizbürkmege qoyduqbürkme qoyduqwe allowed someone to spray | sizbürkmege qoyduğuzbürkme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spray | alabürkmege qoydulabürkme qoydulathey allowed someone to spray |
| Let someone… (past) | menbürkmege qoymadımbürkme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spray | senbürkmege qoymadıŋbürkme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spray | olbürkmege qoymadıbürkme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spray | bizbürkmege qoymadıqbürkme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spray | sizbürkmege qoymadığızbürkme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spray | alabürkmege qoymadılabürkme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spray |
| Let someone… (past) | menbürkmege qoydummu?bürkme qoydummu?did I allow someone to spray? | senbürkmege qoyduŋmu?bürkme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spray? | olbürkmege qoydumu?bürkme qoydumu?did he allow someone to spray? | bizbürkmege qoyduqmu?bürkme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spray? | sizbürkmege qoyduğuzmu?bürkme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spray? | alabürkmege qoydulamı?bürkme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spray? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbürkmege qoymadımmı?bürkme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spray? | senbürkmege qoymadıŋmı?bürkme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spray? | olbürkmege qoymadımı?bürkme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spray? | bizbürkmege qoymadıqmı?bürkme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spray? | sizbürkmege qoymadığızmı?bürkme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spray? | alabürkmege qoymadılamı?bürkme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spray? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbürkalamaI can spray | senbürkalasayou can spray | olbürkaladıhe can spray | bizbürkalabızwe can spray | sizbürkalasızyou all can spray | alabürkaladılathey can spray |
| Ability — present | menbürkalmaymaI can't spray | senbürkalmaysayou can't spray | olbürkalmaydıhe can't spray | bizbürkalmaybızwe can't spray | sizbürkalmaysızyou all can't spray | alabürkalmaydılathey can't spray |
| Ability — present | menbürkalamamı? bürkalamıma?can I spray? | senbürkalamısa?can you spray? | olbürkalamıdı?can he spray? | bizbürkalabızmı? bürkalamıbız?can we spray? | sizbürkalamısız?can you all spray? | alabürkalamıdıla?can they spray? |
| Ability — present | menbürkalmaymamı? bürkalmaymıma?can't I spray? | senbürkalmaymısa?can't you spray? | olbürkalmaymıdı?can't he spray? | bizbürkalmaybızmı? bürkalmaymıbız?can't we spray? | sizbürkalmaymısız?can't you all spray? | alabürkalmaymıdıla?can't they spray? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbürkalsamif I can spray | senbürkalsaŋif you can spray | olbürkalsaif he can spray | bizbürkalsaqif we can spray | sizbürkalsağızif you all can spray | alabürkalsalaif they can spray |
| Ability — if I can… | menbürkalmasamif I can't spray | senbürkalmasaŋif you can't spray | olbürkalmasaif he can't spray | bizbürkalmasaqif we can't spray | sizbürkalmasağızif you all can't spray | alabürkalmasalaif they can't spray |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbürkaldımI was able to spray | senbürkaldıŋyou were able to spray | olbürkaldıhe was able to spray | bizbürkaldıqwe were able to spray | sizbürkaldığızyou all were able to spray | alabürkaldılathey were able to spray |
| Ability — simple past | menbürkalmadımI could not spray | senbürkalmadıŋyou could not spray | olbürkalmadıhe could not spray | bizbürkalmadıqwe could not spray | sizbürkalmadığızyou all could not spray | alabürkalmadılathey could not spray |
| Ability — simple past | menbürkaldımmı?was I able to spray? | senbürkaldıŋmı?were you able to spray? | olbürkaldımı?was he able to spray? | bizbürkaldıqmı?were we able to spray? | sizbürkaldığızmı?were you all able to spray? | alabürkaldılamı?were they able to spray? |
| Ability — simple past | menbürkalmadımmı?couldn't I spray? | senbürkalmadıŋmı?couldn't you spray? | olbürkalmadımı?couldn't he spray? | bizbürkalmadıqmı?couldn't we spray? | sizbürkalmadığızmı?couldn't you all spray? | alabürkalmadılamı?couldn't they spray? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbürkalğanmaI have been able to spray | senbürkalğansayou have been able to spray | olbürkalğandıhe has been able to spray | bizbürkalğanbızwe have been able to spray | sizbürkalğansızyou all have been able to spray | alabürkalğandılathey have been able to spray |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbürkalmağanmaI haven't been able to spray | senbürkalmağansayou haven't been able to spray | olbürkalmağandıhe hasn't been able to spray | bizbürkalmağanbızwe haven't been able to spray | sizbürkalmağansızyou all haven't been able to spray | alabürkalmağandılathey haven't been able to spray |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbürkalğanmamı? bürkalğanmıma?have I been able to spray? | senbürkalğanmısa?have you been able to spray? | olbürkalğanmıdı?has he been able to spray? | bizbürkalğanbızmı? bürkalğanmıbız?have we been able to spray? | sizbürkalğanmısız?have you all been able to spray? | alabürkalğanmıdıla?have they been able to spray? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbürkalmağanmamı? bürkalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spray? | senbürkalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spray? | olbürkalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spray? | bizbürkalmağanbızmı? bürkalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spray? | sizbürkalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spray? | alabürkalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spray? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbürkalğan edimbürkalğanemI had been able to spray | senbürkalğan ediŋbürkalğaneŋyou had been able to spray | olbürkalğan edibürkalğanedhe had been able to spray | bizbürkalğan edikbürkalğanekwe had been able to spray | sizbürkalğan edigizbürkalğanegizyou all had been able to spray | alabürkalğan edilebürkalğanellethey had been able to spray |
| Ability — past perfect | menbürkalmağan edimbürkalmağanemI hadn't been able to spray | senbürkalmağan ediŋbürkalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spray | olbürkalmağan edibürkalmağanedhe hadn't been able to spray | bizbürkalmağan edikbürkalmağanekwe hadn't been able to spray | sizbürkalmağan edigizbürkalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spray | alabürkalmağan edilebürkalmağanellethey hadn't been able to spray |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbürkala edimbürkalaemI could spray | senbürkala ediŋbürkalaeŋyou could spray | olbürkala edibürkalaedhe could spray | bizbürkala edikbürkalaekwe could spray | sizbürkala edigizbürkalaegizyou all could spray | alabürkala edilebürkalaellethey could spray |
| Ability — past background | menbürkalmay edimbürkalmayemI could not spray | senbürkalmay ediŋbürkalmayeŋyou could not spray | olbürkalmay edibürkalmayedhe could not spray | bizbürkalmay edikbürkalmayekwe could not spray | sizbürkalmay edigizbürkalmayegizyou all could not spray | alabürkalmay edilebürkalmayellethey could not spray |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbürkalırmaI will be able to spray | senbürkalırsayou will be able to spray | olbürkalırhe will be able to spray | bizbürkalırbızwe will be able to spray | sizbürkalırsızyou all will be able to spray | alabürkalırlathey will be able to spray |
| Ability — future I | menbürkalmazmaI won't be able to spray | senbürkalmazsayou won't be able to spray | olbürkalmazhe won't be able to spray | bizbürkalmazbızwe won't be able to spray | sizbürkalmazsızyou all won't be able to spray | alabürkalmazlathey won't be able to spray |
| Ability — future I | menbürkalırmamı? bürkalırmıma?will I be able to spray? | senbürkalırmısa?will you be able to spray? | olbürkalırmı?will he be able to spray? | bizbürkalırbızmı? bürkalırmıbız?will we be able to spray? | sizbürkalırmısız?will you all be able to spray? | alabürkalırlamı? bürkalırmıla?will they be able to spray? |
| Ability — future I | menbürkalmazmamı? bürkalmazmıma?won't I be able to spray? | senbürkalmazmısa?won't you be able to spray? | olbürkalmazmı?won't he be able to spray? | bizbürkalmazbızmı? bürkalmazmıbız?won't we be able to spray? | sizbürkalmazmısız?won't you all be able to spray? | alabürkalmazlamı? bürkalmazmıla?won't they be able to spray? |
| Ability — future II | menbürkallıqmaI am going to be able to spray | senbürkallıqsayou are going to be able to spray | olbürkallıqdıhe is going to be able to spray | bizbürkallıqbızwe are going to be able to spray | sizbürkallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spray | alabürkallıqdılathey are going to be able to spray |
| Ability — future II | menbürkallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spray | senbürkallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spray | olbürkallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spray | bizbürkallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spray | sizbürkallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spray | alabürkallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spray |
| Ability — future II | menbürkallıqmamı? bürkallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spray? | senbürkallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spray? | olbürkallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spray? | bizbürkallıqbızmı? bürkallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spray? | sizbürkallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spray? | alabürkallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spray? |
| Ability — future II | menbürkallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spray? | senbürkallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spray? | olbürkallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spray? | bizbürkallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spray? | sizbürkallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spray? | alabürkallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spray? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbürkalır edimbürkalır emI would be able to spray | senbürkalır ediŋbürkalır eŋyou would be able to spray | olbürkalır edibürkalır edhe would be able to spray | bizbürkalır edikbürkalır ekwe would be able to spray | sizbürkalır edigizbürkalır egizyou all would be able to spray | alabürkalır edilebürkalır ellethey would be able to spray |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbürkalmaz edimbürkalmaz emI wouldn't be able to spray | senbürkalmaz ediŋbürkalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spray | olbürkalmaz edibürkalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spray | bizbürkalmaz edikbürkalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spray | sizbürkalmaz edigizbürkalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spray | alabürkalmaz edilebürkalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spray |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbürkalğınbürkalğımay you be able to spray | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbürkalmağınbürkalmağımay you not be able to spray | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbürkerge izleymeI want to spray | senbürkerge izleyseyou want to spray | olbürkerge izleydihe wants to spray | bizbürkerge izleybizwe want to spray | sizbürkerge izleysizyou all want to spray | alabürkerge izleydilethey want to spray |
| want to | menbürkerge izlemeymeI do not want to spray | senbürkerge izlemeyseyou do not want to spray | olbürkerge izlemeydihe does not want to spray | bizbürkerge izlemeybizwe do not want to spray | sizbürkerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to spray | alabürkerge izlemeydilethey do not want to spray |
| would like to | menbürkerge süemeI would like to spray | senbürkerge süeseyou would like to spray | olbürkerge süedihe would like to spray | bizbürkerge süebizwe would like to spray | sizbürkerge süesizyou all would like to spray | alabürkerge süedilethey would like to spray |
| would like to | menbürkerge süymeymeI would not like to spray | senbürkerge süymeyseyou would not like to spray | olbürkerge süymeydihe would not like to spray | bizbürkerge süymeybizwe would not like to spray | sizbürkerge süymeysizyou all would not like to spray | alabürkerge süymeydilethey would not like to spray |
| hope to | menbürkerge umutlanamaI hope to spray | senbürkerge umutlanasayou hope to spray | olbürkerge umutlanadıhe hopes to spray | bizbürkerge umutlanabızwe hope to spray | sizbürkerge umutlanasızyou all hope to spray | alabürkerge umutlanadılathey hope to spray |
| hope to | menbürkerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spray | senbürkerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spray | olbürkerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spray | bizbürkerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spray | sizbürkerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spray | alabürkerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spray |
| be about to | menbürkerge deb turamaI am about to spray | senbürkerge deb turasayou are about to spray | olbürkerge deb turadıhe is about to spray | bizbürkerge deb turabızwe are about to spray | sizbürkerge deb turasızyou all are about to spray | alabürkerge deb turadılathey are about to spray |
| be about to | menbürkerge deb turmaymaI am not about to spray | senbürkerge deb turmaysayou are not about to spray | olbürkerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to spray | bizbürkerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to spray | sizbürkerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spray | alabürkerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to spray |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbürkerge kerekmeI need to spray | senbürkerge kerekseyou need to spray | olbürkerge kerekdihe needs to spray | bizbürkerge kerekbizwe need to spray | sizbürkerge kereksizyou all need to spray | alabürkerge kerekdilethey need to spray |
| need to | menbürkerge kerek tülmeI do not need to spray | senbürkerge kerek tülseyou do not need to spray | olbürkerge kerek tüldühe does not need to spray | bizbürkerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spray | sizbürkerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spray | alabürkerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to spray |
| have to | menmenŋe bürkerge tüşediI have to spray | sensenŋe bürkerge tüşediyou have to spray | olaŋa bürkerge tüşedihe has to spray | bizbizge bürkerge tüşediwe have to spray | sizsizge bürkerge tüşediyou all have to spray | alaalağa bürkerge tüşedithey have to spray |
| have to | menmenŋe bürkerge tüşmeydiI do not have to spray | sensenŋe bürkerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to spray | olaŋa bürkerge tüşmeydihe does not have to spray | bizbizge bürkerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to spray | sizsizge bürkerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spray | alaalağa bürkerge tüşmeydithey do not have to spray |
| be obliged to | menbürkerge borçlumaI am obliged to spray | senbürkerge borçlusayou are obliged to spray | olbürkerge borçluduhe is obliged to spray | bizbürkerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to spray | sizbürkerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spray | alabürkerge borçludulathey are obliged to spray |
| be obliged to | menbürkerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spray | senbürkerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spray | olbürkerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spray | bizbürkerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spray | sizbürkerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spray | alabürkerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spray |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbürkerge madarım bardıI have a way to spray | senbürkerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spray | olbürkerge madarı bardıhe has a way to spray | bizbürkerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spray | sizbürkerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spray | alabürkerge madarları bardıthey have a way to spray |
| have a way to | menbürkerge madarım joqduI have no way to spray | senbürkerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spray | olbürkerge madarı joqduhe has no way to spray | bizbürkerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spray | sizbürkerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spray | alabürkerge madarları joqduthey have no way to spray |
| be free to | menbürkerge erkinligim bardıI am free to spray | senbürkerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spray | olbürkerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to spray | bizbürkerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spray | sizbürkerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spray | alabürkerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spray |
| be free to | menbürkerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to spray | senbürkerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spray | olbürkerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spray | bizbürkerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spray | sizbürkerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spray | alabürkerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spray |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bürkerge bolluqduit is possible for me to spray | sensenŋe bürkerge bolluqduit is possible for you to spray | olaŋa bürkerge bolluqduit is possible for him to spray | bizbizge bürkerge bolluqduit is possible for us to spray | sizsizge bürkerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to spray | alaalağa bürkerge bolluqduit is possible for them to spray |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spray | sensenŋe bürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spray | olaŋa bürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spray | bizbizge bürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spray | sizsizge bürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spray | alaalağa bürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spray |
| be ready to | menbürkerge hazırmaI am ready to spray | senbürkerge hazırsayou are ready to spray | olbürkerge hazırdıhe is ready to spray | bizbürkerge hazırbızwe are ready to spray | sizbürkerge hazırsızyou all are ready to spray | alabürkerge hazırdılathey are ready to spray |
| be ready to | menbürkerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to spray | senbürkerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to spray | olbürkerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to spray | bizbürkerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spray | sizbürkerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spray | alabürkerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spray |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbürkerge küreşemeI am trying to spray | senbürkerge küreşeseyou are trying to spray | olbürkerge küreşedihe is trying to spray | bizbürkerge küreşebizwe are trying to spray | sizbürkerge küreşesizyou all are trying to spray | alabürkerge küreşedilethey are trying to spray |
| try to | menbürkerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to spray | senbürkerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spray | olbürkerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to spray | bizbürkerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spray | sizbürkerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spray | alabürkerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spray |
| agree to | menbürkerge unaymaI agree to spray | senbürkerge unaysayou agree to spray | olbürkerge unaydıhe agrees to spray | bizbürkerge unaybızwe agree to spray | sizbürkerge unaysızyou all agree to spray | alabürkerge unaydılathey agree to spray |
| agree to | menbürkerge unamaymaI refuse to spray | senbürkerge unamaysayou refuse to spray | olbürkerge unamaydıhe refuses to spray | bizbürkerge unamaybızwe refuse to spray | sizbürkerge unamaysızyou all refuse to spray | alabürkerge unamaydılathey refuse to spray |
| hurry to | menbürkerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to spray | senbürkerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to spray | olbürkerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spray | bizbürkerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spray | sizbürkerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spray | alabürkerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spray |
| hurry to | menbürkerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spray | senbürkerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spray | olbürkerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spray | bizbürkerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spray | sizbürkerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spray | alabürkerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spray |
| be afraid to | menbürkerge qorqamaI am afraid to spray | senbürkerge qorqasayou are afraid to spray | olbürkerge qorqadıhe is afraid to spray | bizbürkerge qorqabızwe are afraid to spray | sizbürkerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to spray | alabürkerge qorqadılathey are afraid to spray |
| be afraid to | menbürkerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spray | senbürkerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spray | olbürkerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spray | bizbürkerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spray | sizbürkerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spray | alabürkerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spray |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbürke bolmazmaI can't be spraying | senbürke bolmazsayou can't be spraying | olbürke bolmazhe can't be spraying | bizbürke bolmazbızwe can't be spraying | sizbürke bolmazsızyou all can't be spraying | alabürke bolmazlathey can't be spraying |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbürkmey bolmazmaI must be spraying (emphatic) | senbürkmey bolmazsayou must be spraying (emphatic) | olbürkmey bolmazhe must be spraying (emphatic) | bizbürkmey bolmazbızwe must be spraying (emphatic) | sizbürkmey bolmazsızyou all must be spraying (emphatic) | alabürkmey bolmazlathey must be spraying (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbürke turmasamif I don't keep spraying | senbürke turmasaŋif you don't keep spraying | olbürke turmasaif he doesn't keep spraying | bizbürke turmasaqif we don't keep spraying | sizbürke turmasağızif you all don't keep spraying | alabürke turmasalaif they don't keep spraying |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbürke tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of spraying | senbürke tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of spraying | olbürke tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of spraying | bizbürke tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of spraying | sizbürke tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of spraying | alabürke tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of spraying |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbürkmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not spraying (emphatic) | senbürkmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not spraying (emphatic) | olbürkmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not spraying (emphatic) | bizbürkmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not spraying (emphatic) | sizbürkmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not spraying (emphatic) | alabürkmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not spraying (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbürkmey turamaI keep on not spraying | senbürkmey turasayou keep on not spraying | olbürkmey turadıhe keeps on not spraying | bizbürkmey turabızwe keep on not spraying | sizbürkmey turasızyou all keep on not spraying | alabürkmey turadılathey keep on not spraying |
| Progressive — double negation | menbürkmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not spraying | senbürkmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not spraying | olbürkmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not spraying | bizbürkmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not spraying | sizbürkmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not spraying | alabürkmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not spraying |
| Progressive — double negation | menbürkmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not spraying? | senbürkmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not spraying? | olbürkmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not spraying? | bizbürkmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not spraying? | sizbürkmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not spraying? | alabürkmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not spraying? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbürkgen bolmazmaI can't have sprayed | senbürkgen bolmazsayou can't have sprayed | olbürkgen bolmazhe can't have sprayed | bizbürkgen bolmazbızwe can't have sprayed | sizbürkgen bolmazsızyou all can't have sprayed | alabürkgen bolmazlathey can't have sprayed |
| Inference — double negation | menbürkmegen bolmazmaI must have sprayed (emphatic) | senbürkmegen bolmazsayou must have sprayed (emphatic) | olbürkmegen bolmazhe must have sprayed (emphatic) | bizbürkmegen bolmazbızwe must have sprayed (emphatic) | sizbürkmegen bolmazsızyou all must have sprayed (emphatic) | alabürkmegen bolmazlathey must have sprayed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbürkgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had sprayed | senbürkgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had sprayed | olbürkgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had sprayed | bizbürkgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had sprayed | sizbürkgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had sprayed | alabürkgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had sprayed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbürkmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't sprayed | senbürkmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't sprayed | olbürkmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't sprayed | bizbürkmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't sprayed | sizbürkmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't sprayed | alabürkmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't sprayed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbürkerik bolmazmaI can't be going to spray | senbürkerik bolmazsayou can't be going to spray | olbürkerik bolmazhe can't be going to spray | bizbürkerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to spray | sizbürkerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spray | alabürkerik bolmazlathey can't be going to spray |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbürkmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to spray (emphatic) | senbürkmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to spray (emphatic) | olbürkmezlik bolmazhe must be going to spray (emphatic) | bizbürkmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to spray (emphatic) | sizbürkmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to spray (emphatic) | alabürkmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to spray (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbürkerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spray | senbürkerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spray | olbürkerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spray | bizbürkerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spray | sizbürkerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spray | alabürkerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spray |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbürkmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spray | senbürkmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spray | olbürkmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spray | bizbürkmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spray | sizbürkmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spray | alabürkmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spray |