awlarğa
/awlarʁa/
1. skim, take the cream off, remove the scum or foam from
- sütnü başın awlarğa — to skim the cream off the milk
- sütnü başın awla — skim the cream off the milk
- kömügün awladıq — we skimmed off its foam
- sütnü başın awladı — she skimmed the cream off the milk
- sütnü awlarğa — to skim the milk
2. fish with a seine net, catch with a dragnet, seine
- çabaq awlaybız — we seine for fish
3. survey, look all round, take in at a glance
- tögerekni awlarğa — to look all round
- üynü için közleri bla awladı — she surveyed the inside of the house with her eyes
- jumuşaq közleri bla jıyılğanlanı awlay — surveying the gathered people with his gentle eyes
- tögerekni közü bla awladı — he took in everything around with his eyes
- jerni awlab qaradı — he surveyed the ground
4. travel all over, go the length and breadth of a place one source
- jeti duniyanı awlab kelgendi — he has traveled all over the seven worlds
- awlab uçarğa — to fly all over
- jerni awlarğa — to travel the length and breadth of the land
5. envelop, engulf, shroud, cover
- tuban jerni awladı — fog enveloped the land
- qaraŋı jerni awlaydı — darkness envelops the land
6. drive game, hold a battue — Used of a group hunt in which beaters drive the game toward the hunters. one source
- kiyik awlarğa çıqdıla — they went out to drive the game
- tawda awlarğa — to hold a battue in the mountains
- kiyikni awlarğa — to drive the game
Expressions
- başın awlarğa — hush up; hold sway
Conjugation
Common forms
- awlaydıhe is skimming
- awladıhe skimmed
- awlağandıhe has skimmed
- awlarhe will skim
- awlarıqdıhe is going to skim
- awlay edihe was skimming
- awlasaif he skims
- awla!skim!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawlaymaI am skimming | senawlaysayou are skimming | olawlaydıhe is skimming | bizawlaybızwe are skimming | sizawlaysızyou all are skimming | alaawlaydılathey are skimming |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawlamaymaI am not skimming | senawlamaysayou are not skimming | olawlamaydıhe is not skimming | bizawlamaybızwe are not skimming | sizawlamaysızyou all are not skimming | alaawlamaydılathey are not skimming |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawlaymamı? awlaymıma?am I skimming? | senawlaymısa?are you skimming? | olawlaymıdı?is he skimming? | bizawlaybızmı? awlaymıbız?are we skimming? | sizawlaymısız?are you all skimming? | alaawlaymıdıla?are they skimming? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menawlamaymamı? awlamaymıma?aren't I skimming? | senawlamaymısa?aren't you skimming? | olawlamaymıdı?isn't he skimming? | bizawlamaybızmı? awlamaymıbız?aren't we skimming? | sizawlamaymısız?aren't you all skimming? | alaawlamaymıdıla?aren't they skimming? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawlawçanmaI usually skim | senawlawçansayou usually skim | olawlawçandıhe usually skims | bizawlawçanbızwe usually skim | sizawlawçansızyou all usually skim | alaawlawçandılathey usually skim |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawlamawçanmaI usually don't skim | senawlamawçansayou usually don't skim | olawlamawçandıhe usually doesn't skim | bizawlamawçanbızwe usually don't skim | sizawlamawçansızyou all usually don't skim | alaawlamawçandılathey usually don't skim |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawlawçanmamı? awlawçanmıma?do I usually skim? | senawlawçanmısa?do you usually skim? | olawlawçanmıdı?does he usually skim? | bizawlawçanbızmı? awlawçanmıbız?do we usually skim? | sizawlawçanmısız?do you all usually skim? | alaawlawçanmıdıla?do they usually skim? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menawlamawçanmamı? awlamawçanmıma?do I usually not skim? | senawlamawçanmısa?do you usually not skim? | olawlamawçanmıdı?does he usually not skim? | bizawlamawçanbızmı? awlamawçanmıbız?do we usually not skim? | sizawlamawçanmısız?do you all usually not skim? | alaawlamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not skim? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olawlabdıhe has skimmed and remains so | alaawlabdılathey have skimmed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olawlabmıdı?has he skimmed? | alaawlabmıdıla?have they skimmed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawlab turamaI keep skimming | senawlab turasayou keep skimming | olawlab turadıhe keeps skimming | bizawlab turabızwe keep skimming | sizawlab turasızyou all keep skimming | alaawlab turadılathey keep skimming |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawlab turmaymaI don't keep skimming | senawlab turmaysayou don't keep skimming | olawlab turmaydıhe doesn't keep skimming | bizawlab turmaybızwe don't keep skimming | sizawlab turmaysızyou all don't keep skimming | alaawlab turmaydılathey don't keep skimming |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawlab turamamı? awlab turamıma?do I keep skimming? | senawlab turamısa?do you keep skimming? | olawlab turamıdı?does he keep skimming? | bizawlab turabızmı? awlab turamıbız?do we keep skimming? | sizawlab turamısız?do you all keep skimming? | alaawlab turamıdıla?do they keep skimming? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menawlab turmaymamı? awlab turmaymıma?don't I keep skimming? | senawlab turmaymısa?don't you keep skimming? | olawlab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep skimming? | bizawlab turmaybızmı? awlab turmaymıbız?don't we keep skimming? | sizawlab turmaymısız?don't you all keep skimming? | alaawlab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep skimming? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawlay turamaI am in the middle of skimming | senawlay turasayou are in the middle of skimming | olawlay turadıhe is in the middle of skimming | bizawlay turabızwe are in the middle of skimming | sizawlay turasızyou all are in the middle of skimming | alaawlay turadılathey are in the middle of skimming |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawlay turmaymaI am not in the middle of skimming | senawlay turmaysayou are not in the middle of skimming | olawlay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of skimming | bizawlay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of skimming | sizawlay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of skimming | alaawlay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of skimming |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawlay turamamı? awlay turamıma?am I in the middle of skimming? | senawlay turamısa?are you in the middle of skimming? | olawlay turamıdı?is he in the middle of skimming? | bizawlay turabızmı? awlay turamıbız?are we in the middle of skimming? | sizawlay turamısız?are you all in the middle of skimming? | alaawlay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of skimming? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menawlay turmaymamı? awlay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of skimming? | senawlay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of skimming? | olawlay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of skimming? | bizawlay turmaybızmı? awlay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of skimming? | sizawlay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of skimming? | alaawlay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of skimming? |
| Simple past (definite) | menawladımI skimmed | senawladıŋyou skimmed | olawladıhe skimmed | bizawladıqwe skimmed | sizawladığızyou all skimmed | alaawladılathey skimmed |
| Simple past (definite) | menawlamadımI didn't skim | senawlamadıŋyou didn't skim | olawlamadıhe didn't skim | bizawlamadıqwe didn't skim | sizawlamadığızyou all didn't skim | alaawlamadılathey didn't skim |
| Simple past (definite) | menawladımmı?did I skim? | senawladıŋmı?did you skim? | olawladımı?did he skim? | bizawladıqmı?did we skim? | sizawladığızmı?did you all skim? | alaawladılamı?did they skim? |
| Simple past (definite) | menawlamadımmı?didn't I skim? | senawlamadıŋmı?didn't you skim? | olawlamadımı?didn't he skim? | bizawlamadıqmı?didn't we skim? | sizawlamadığızmı?didn't you all skim? | alaawlamadılamı?didn't they skim? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawlağanmaI have skimmed | senawlağansayou have skimmed | olawlağandıhe has skimmed | bizawlağanbızwe have skimmed | sizawlağansızyou all have skimmed | alaawlağandılathey have skimmed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawlamağanmaI haven't skimmed | senawlamağansayou haven't skimmed | olawlamağandıhe hasn't skimmed | bizawlamağanbızwe haven't skimmed | sizawlamağansızyou all haven't skimmed | alaawlamağandılathey haven't skimmed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawlağanmamı? awlağanmıma?have I skimmed? | senawlağanmısa?have you skimmed? | olawlağanmıdı?has he skimmed? | bizawlağanbızmı? awlağanmıbız?have we skimmed? | sizawlağanmısız?have you all skimmed? | alaawlağanmıdıla?have they skimmed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menawlamağanmamı? awlamağanmıma?haven't I skimmed? | senawlamağanmısa?haven't you skimmed? | olawlamağanmıdı?hasn't he skimmed? | bizawlamağanbızmı? awlamağanmıbız?haven't we skimmed? | sizawlamağanmısız?haven't you all skimmed? | alaawlamağanmıdıla?haven't they skimmed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menawlab turdumI kept skimming | senawlab turduŋyou kept skimming | olawlab turduhe kept skimming | bizawlab turduqwe kept skimming | sizawlab turduğuzyou all kept skimming | alaawlab turdulathey kept skimming |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menawlab turmadımI didn't keep skimming | senawlab turmadıŋyou didn't keep skimming | olawlab turmadıhe didn't keep skimming | bizawlab turmadıqwe didn't keep skimming | sizawlab turmadığızyou all didn't keep skimming | alaawlab turmadılathey didn't keep skimming |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawlarmaI will skim | senawlarsayou will skim | olawlarhe will skim | bizawlarbızwe will skim | sizawlarsızyou all will skim | alaawlarlathey will skim |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawlamazmaI won't skim | senawlamazsayou won't skim | olawlamazhe won't skim | bizawlamazbızwe won't skim | sizawlamazsızyou all won't skim | alaawlamazlathey won't skim |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawlarmamı? awlarmıma?will I skim? | senawlarmısa?will you skim? | olawlarmı?will he skim? | bizawlarbızmı? awlarmıbız?will we skim? | sizawlarmısız?will you all skim? | alaawlarlamı? awlarmıla?will they skim? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menawlamazmamı? awlamazmıma?won't I skim? | senawlamazmısa?won't you skim? | olawlamazmı?won't he skim? | bizawlamazbızmı? awlamazmıbız?won't we skim? | sizawlamazmısız?won't you all skim? | alaawlamazlamı? awlamazmıla?won't they skim? |
| Definite future (future II) | menawlarıqmaI am going to skim | senawlarıqsayou are going to skim | olawlarıqdıhe is going to skim | bizawlarıqbızwe are going to skim | sizawlarıqsızyou all are going to skim | alaawlarıqdılathey are going to skim |
| Definite future (future II) | menawlarıq tülmeI am not going to skim | senawlarıq tülseyou are not going to skim | olawlarıq tüldühe is not going to skim | bizawlarıq tülbüzwe are not going to skim | sizawlarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to skim | alaawlarıq tüldülethey are not going to skim |
| Definite future (future II) | menawlarıqmamı? awlarıqmıma?am I going to skim? | senawlarıqmısa?are you going to skim? | olawlarıqmıdı?is he going to skim? | bizawlarıqbızmı? awlarıqmıbız?are we going to skim? | sizawlarıqmısız?are you all going to skim? | alaawlarıqmıdıla?are they going to skim? |
| Definite future (future II) | menawlarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to skim? | senawlarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to skim? | olawlarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to skim? | bizawlarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to skim? | sizawlarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to skim? | alaawlarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to skim? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menawlağan edimawlağanemI had skimmed | senawlağan ediŋawlağaneŋyou had skimmed | olawlağan ediawlağanedhe had skimmed | bizawlağan edikawlağanekwe had skimmed | sizawlağan edigizawlağanegizyou all had skimmed | alaawlağan edileawlağanellethey had skimmed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menawlamağan edimawlamağanemI hadn't skimmed | senawlamağan ediŋawlamağaneŋyou hadn't skimmed | olawlamağan ediawlamağanedhe hadn't skimmed | bizawlamağan edikawlamağanekwe hadn't skimmed | sizawlamağan edigizawlamağanegizyou all hadn't skimmed | alaawlamağan edileawlamağanellethey hadn't skimmed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menawlay edimawlayemI was skimming | senawlay ediŋawlayeŋyou were skimming | olawlay ediawlayedhe was skimming | bizawlay edikawlayekwe were skimming | sizawlay edigizawlayegizyou all were skimming | alaawlay edileawlayellethey were skimming |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menawlamay edimawlamayemI wasn't skimming | senawlamay ediŋawlamayeŋyou weren't skimming | olawlamay ediawlamayedhe wasn't skimming | bizawlamay edikawlamayekwe weren't skimming | sizawlamay edigizawlamayegizyou all weren't skimming | alaawlamay edileawlamayellethey weren't skimming |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menawlawçan edimawlawçanemI used to skim | senawlawçan ediŋawlawçaneŋyou used to skim | olawlawçan ediawlawçanedhe used to skim | bizawlawçan edikawlawçanekwe used to skim | sizawlawçan edigizawlawçanegizyou all used to skim | alaawlawçan edileawlawçanellethey used to skim |
| Habitual past (used to) | menawlamawçan edimawlamawçanemI didn't use to skim | senawlamawçan ediŋawlamawçaneŋyou didn't use to skim | olawlamawçan ediawlamawçanedhe didn't use to skim | bizawlamawçan edikawlamawçanekwe didn't use to skim | sizawlamawçan edigizawlamawçanegizyou all didn't use to skim | alaawlamawçan edileawlamawçanellethey didn't use to skim |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olawlab edihe had skimmed and remained so | alaawlab edilethey had skimmed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olawlab tül edihe hadn't skimmed | alaawlab tül edilethey hadn't skimmed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menawlab tura edimawlab turaemI had kept skimming | senawlab tura ediŋawlab turaeŋyou had kept skimming | olawlab tura ediawlab turaedhe had kept skimming | bizawlab tura edikawlab turaekwe had kept skimming | sizawlab tura edigizawlab turaegizyou all had kept skimming | alaawlab tura edileawlab turaellethey had kept skimming |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menawlab turmay edimawlab turmayemI hadn't kept skimming | senawlab turmay ediŋawlab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept skimming | olawlab turmay ediawlab turmayedhe hadn't kept skimming | bizawlab turmay edikawlab turmayekwe hadn't kept skimming | sizawlab turmay edigizawlab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept skimming | alaawlab turmay edileawlab turmayellethey hadn't kept skimming |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menawlay tura edimawlay turaemI was in the middle of skimming | senawlay tura ediŋawlay turaeŋyou were in the middle of skimming | olawlay tura ediawlay turaedhe was in the middle of skimming | bizawlay tura edikawlay turaekwe were in the middle of skimming | sizawlay tura edigizawlay turaegizyou all were in the middle of skimming | alaawlay tura edileawlay turaellethey were in the middle of skimming |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menawlay turmay edimawlay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of skimming | senawlay turmay ediŋawlay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of skimming | olawlay turmay ediawlay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of skimming | bizawlay turmay edikawlay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of skimming | sizawlay turmay edigizawlay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of skimming | alaawlay turmay edileawlay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of skimming |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menawlar edimawlar emI would skim | senawlar ediŋawlar eŋyou would skim | olawlar ediawlar edhe would skim | bizawlar edikawlar ekwe would skim | sizawlar edigizawlar egizyou all would skim | alaawlar edileawlar ellethey would skim |
| Conditional result (would) | menawlamaz edimawlamaz emI wouldn't skim | senawlamaz ediŋawlamaz eŋyou wouldn't skim | olawlamaz ediawlamaz edhe wouldn't skim | bizawlamaz edikawlamaz ekwe wouldn't skim | sizawlamaz edigizawlamaz egizyou all wouldn't skim | alaawlamaz edileawlamaz ellethey wouldn't skim |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menawlarıq edimawlarıq emI would have skimmed | senawlarıq ediŋawlarıq eŋyou would have skimmed | olawlarıq ediawlarıq edhe would have skimmed | bizawlarıq edikawlarıq ekwe would have skimmed | sizawlarıq edigizawlarıq egizyou all would have skimmed | alaawlarıq edileawlarıq ellethey would have skimmed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menawlarıq tül edimawlarıq tül emI wouldn't have skimmed | senawlarıq tül ediŋawlarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have skimmed | olawlarıq tül ediawlarıq tül edhe wouldn't have skimmed | bizawlarıq tül edikawlarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have skimmed | sizawlarıq tül edigizawlarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have skimmed | alaawlarıq tül edileawlarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have skimmed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menawlasamif I skim | senawlasaŋif you skim | olawlasaif he skims | bizawlasaqif we skim | sizawlasağızif you all skim | alaawlasalaif they skim |
| Conditional | menawlamasamif I don't skim | senawlamasaŋif you don't skim | olawlamasaif he doesn't skim | bizawlamasaqif we don't skim | sizawlamasağızif you all don't skim | alaawlamasalaif they don't skim |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menawlay esemif I am skimming | senawlay eseŋif you are skimming | olawlay eseif he is skimming | bizawlay esekif we are skimming | sizawlay esegizif you all are skimming | alaawlay eseleif they are skimming |
| Conditional, present real | menawlamay esemif I am not skimming | senawlamay eseŋif you are not skimming | olawlamay eseif he is not skimming | bizawlamay esekif we are not skimming | sizawlamay esegizif you all are not skimming | alaawlamay eseleif they are not skimming |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menawlasam ediawlasam edif only I skimmed | senawlasaŋ ediawlasaŋ edif only you skimmed | olawlasa ediawlasaedif only he skimmed | bizawlasaq ediawlasaq edif only we skimmed | sizawlasağız ediawlasağız edif only you all skimmed | alaawlasala ediawlasalaedif only they skimmed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menawlamasam ediawlamasam edif only I didn't skim | senawlamasaŋ ediawlamasaŋ edif only you didn't skim | olawlamasa ediawlamasaedif only he didn't skim | bizawlamasaq ediawlamasaq edif only we didn't skim | sizawlamasağız ediawlamasağız edif only you all didn't skim | alaawlamasala ediawlamasalaedif only they didn't skim |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menawlab tursamif I carry on skimming | senawlab tursaŋif you carry on skimming | olawlab tursaif he carries on skimming | bizawlab tursaqif we carry on skimming | sizawlab tursağızif you all carry on skimming | alaawlab tursalaif they carry on skimming |
| Durative conditional | menawlab turmasamif I don't carry on skimming | senawlab turmasaŋif you don't carry on skimming | olawlab turmasaif he doesn't carry on skimming | bizawlab turmasaqif we don't carry on skimming | sizawlab turmasağızif you all don't carry on skimming | alaawlab turmasalaif they don't carry on skimming |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menawlab tura esemif I have kept skimming | senawlab tura eseŋif you have kept skimming | olawlab tura eseif he has kept skimming | bizawlab tura esekif we have kept skimming | sizawlab tura esegizif you all have kept skimming | alaawlab tura eseleif they have kept skimming |
| Durative conditional, present real | menawlab turmay esemif I haven't kept skimming | senawlab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept skimming | olawlab turmay eseif he hasn't kept skimming | bizawlab turmay esekif we haven't kept skimming | sizawlab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept skimming | alaawlab turmay eseleif they haven't kept skimming |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menawlay tursamif I keep skimming | senawlay tursaŋif you keep skimming | olawlay tursaif he keeps skimming | bizawlay tursaqif we keep skimming | sizawlay tursağızif you all keep skimming | alaawlay tursalaif they keep skimming |
| Progressive conditional | menawlamay tursamif I keep on not skimming | senawlamay tursaŋif you keep on not skimming | olawlamay tursaif he keeps on not skimming | bizawlamay tursaqif we keep on not skimming | sizawlamay tursağızif you all keep on not skimming | alaawlamay tursalaif they keep on not skimming |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menawlay tura esemif I am in the middle of skimming | senawlay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of skimming | olawlay tura eseif he is in the middle of skimming | bizawlay tura esekif we are in the middle of skimming | sizawlay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of skimming | alaawlay tura eseleif they are in the middle of skimming |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menawlamay tura esemif I keep on not skimming | senawlamay tura eseŋif you keep on not skimming | olawlamay tura eseif he keeps on not skimming | bizawlamay tura esekif we keep on not skimming | sizawlamay tura esegizif you all keep on not skimming | alaawlamay tura eseleif they keep on not skimming |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menawladım esemif I skimmed | senawladıŋ eseŋif you skimmed | olawladı eseif he skimmed | bizawladıq esekif we skimmed | sizawladığız esegizif you all skimmed | alaawladıla eseleif they skimmed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menawlamadım esemif I didn't skim | senawlamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't skim | olawlamadı eseif he didn't skim | bizawlamadıq esekif we didn't skim | sizawlamadığız esegizif you all didn't skim | alaawlamadıla eseleif they didn't skim |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menawlağan esemif I did skim (indeed) | senawlağan eseŋif you did skim (indeed) | olawlağan eseif he did skim (indeed) | bizawlağan esekif we did skim (indeed) | sizawlağan esegizif you all did skim (indeed) | alaawlağan eseleif they did skim (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menawlamağan esemif I didn't skim (indeed) | senawlamağan eseŋif you didn't skim (indeed) | olawlamağan eseif he didn't skim (indeed) | bizawlamağan esekif we didn't skim (indeed) | sizawlamağan esegizif you all didn't skim (indeed) | alaawlamağan eseleif they didn't skim (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menawlağan bolsamif I had skimmed | senawlağan bolsaŋif you had skimmed | olawlağan bolsaif he had skimmed | bizawlağan bolsaqif we had skimmed | sizawlağan bolsağızif you all had skimmed | alaawlağan bolsalaif they had skimmed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menawlamağan bolsamif I hadn't skimmed | senawlamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't skimmed | olawlamağan bolsaif he hadn't skimmed | bizawlamağan bolsaqif we hadn't skimmed | sizawlamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't skimmed | alaawlamağan bolsalaif they hadn't skimmed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menawlağan bolsam ediawlağan bolsam edif only I had skimmed | senawlağan bolsaŋ ediawlağan bolsaŋ edif only you had skimmed | olawlağan bolsa ediawlağan bolsaedif only he had skimmed | bizawlağan bolsaq ediawlağan bolsaq edif only we had skimmed | sizawlağan bolsağız ediawlağan bolsağız edif only you all had skimmed | alaawlağan bolsala ediawlağan bolsalaedif only they had skimmed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menawlamağan bolsam ediawlamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't skimmed | senawlamağan bolsaŋ ediawlamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't skimmed | olawlamağan bolsa ediawlamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't skimmed | bizawlamağan bolsaq ediawlamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't skimmed | sizawlamağan bolsağız ediawlamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't skimmed | alaawlamağan bolsala ediawlamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't skimmed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menawlar esemif I will skim | senawlar eseŋif you will skim | olawlar eseif he will skim | bizawlar esekif we will skim | sizawlar esegizif you all will skim | alaawlar eseleif they will skim |
| Conditional, aorist | menawlamaz esemif I won't skim | senawlamaz eseŋif you won't skim | olawlamaz eseif he won't skim | bizawlamaz esekif we won't skim | sizawlamaz esegizif you all won't skim | alaawlamaz eseleif they won't skim |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menawlarıq esemif I am going to skim | senawlarıq eseŋif you are going to skim | olawlarıq eseif he is going to skim | bizawlarıq esekif we are going to skim | sizawlarıq esegizif you all are going to skim | alaawlarıq eseleif they are going to skim |
| Conditional, future | menawlarıq tül esemif I am not going to skim | senawlarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to skim | olawlarıq tül eseif he is not going to skim | bizawlarıq tül esekif we are not going to skim | sizawlarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to skim | alaawlarıq tül eseleif they are not going to skim |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menawlarıq bolsamif I were going to skim | senawlarıq bolsaŋif you were going to skim | olawlarıq bolsaif he were going to skim | bizawlarıq bolsaqif we were going to skim | sizawlarıq bolsağızif you all were going to skim | alaawlarıq bolsalaif they were going to skim |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menawlamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to skim | senawlamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to skim | olawlamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to skim | bizawlamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to skim | sizawlamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to skim | alaawlamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to skim |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso awladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menawlay bolurmaI must be skimming | senawlay bolursayou must be skimming | olawlay bolurhe must be skimming | bizawlay bolurbuzwe must be skimming | sizawlay bolursuzyou all must be skimming | alaawlay bolurlathey must be skimming |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menawlamay bolurmaI must not be skimming | senawlamay bolursayou must not be skimming | olawlamay bolurhe must not be skimming | bizawlamay bolurbuzwe must not be skimming | sizawlamay bolursuzyou all must not be skimming | alaawlamay bolurlathey must not be skimming |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menawlay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of skimming | senawlay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of skimming | olawlay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of skimming | bizawlay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of skimming | sizawlay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of skimming | alaawlay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of skimming |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menawlamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not skimming | senawlamay tura bolursayou must keep on not skimming | olawlamay tura bolurhe must keep on not skimming | bizawlamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not skimming | sizawlamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not skimming | alaawlamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not skimming |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menawlağan bolurmaI must have skimmed | senawlağan bolursayou must have skimmed | olawlağan bolurhe must have skimmed | bizawlağan bolurbuzwe must have skimmed | sizawlağan bolursuzyou all must have skimmed | alaawlağan bolurlathey must have skimmed |
| Inference (must have) | menawlamağan bolurmaI must not have skimmed | senawlamağan bolursayou must not have skimmed | olawlamağan bolurhe must not have skimmed | bizawlamağan bolurbuzwe must not have skimmed | sizawlamağan bolursuzyou all must not have skimmed | alaawlamağan bolurlathey must not have skimmed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menawlarıq bolurmaI must be going to skim | senawlarıq bolursayou must be going to skim | olawlarıq bolurhe must be going to skim | bizawlarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to skim | sizawlarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to skim | alaawlarıq bolurlathey must be going to skim |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menawlamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to skim | senawlamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to skim | olawlamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to skim | bizawlamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to skim | sizawlamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to skim | alaawlamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to skim |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menawlayımlet me skim | senawla!skim! | olawlasınlet him skim | bizawlayıqlet's skim | sizawlağız!skim, you all! | alaawlasınlalet them skim |
| Commands & suggestions | menawlamayımlet me not skim | senawlama!don't skim! | olawlamasınlet him not skim | bizawlamayıqlet's not skim | sizawlamağız!don't skim, you all! | alaawlamasınlalet them not skim |
| Commands & suggestions | menawlayımmı?shall I skim? | olawlasınmı?should he skim? | bizawlayıqmı?shall we skim? | alaawlasınlamı?should they skim? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menawlamayımmı?shall I not skim? | olawlamasınmı?should he not skim? | bizawlamayıqmı?shall we not skim? | alaawlamasınlamı?should they not skim? | ||
| Requests | senawlaçı2awlaçınplease skim | olawlasınçıdo let him skim | sizawlaçığızplease skim (plural/polite) | alaawlasınlaçıdo let them skim | ||
| Requests | senawlamaçı2awlamaçınplease don't skim | olawlamasınçıdo let him not skim | sizawlamaçığızplease don't skim (plural/polite) | alaawlamasınlaçıdo let them not skim | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senawlağınawlağımay you skim | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senawlamağınawlamağımay you not skim | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menawlağay edim awlağa edimwould that I skimmed | senawlağay ediŋ awlağa ediŋwould that you skimmed | olawlağay edi awlağa ediwould that he skimmed | bizawlağay edik awlağa edikwould that we skimmed | sizawlağay edigiz awlağa edigizwould that you all skimmed | alaawlağay edile awlağa edilewould that they skimmed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menawlamağay edim awlamağa edimwould that I did not skim | senawlamağay ediŋ awlamağa ediŋwould that you did not skim | olawlamağay edi awlamağa ediwould that he did not skim | bizawlamağay edik awlamağa edikwould that we did not skim | sizawlamağay edigiz awlamağa edigizwould that you all did not skim | alaawlamağay edile awlamağa edilewould that they did not skim |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menawlamağa qoyayımawlama qoyayımlet me allow someone to skim | senawlamağa qoy!awlama qoy!let someone skim! | olawlamağa qoysunawlama qoysunlet him allow someone to skim | bizawlamağa qoyayıqawlama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to skim | sizawlamağa qoyuğuz!awlama qoyuğuz!let someone skim, you all! | alaawlamağa qoysunlaawlama qoysunlalet them allow someone to skim |
| Let someone… (commands) | menawlamağa qoymayımawlama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to skim | senawlamağa qoyma!awlama qoyma!don't let someone skim! | olawlamağa qoymasınawlama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to skim | bizawlamağa qoymayıqawlama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to skim | sizawlamağa qoymağız!awlama qoymağız!don't let someone skim, you all! | alaawlamağa qoymasınlaawlama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to skim |
| Let someone… (commands) | menawlamağa qoyayımmı?awlama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to skim? | olawlamağa qoysunmu?awlama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to skim? | bizawlamağa qoyayıqmı?awlama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to skim? | alaawlamağa qoysunlamı?awlama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to skim? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menawlamağa qoymayımmı?awlama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to skim? | olawlamağa qoymasınmı?awlama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to skim? | bizawlamağa qoymayıqmı?awlama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to skim? | alaawlamağa qoymasınlamı?awlama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to skim? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menawlamağa qoyamaawlama qoyamaI allow someone to skim | senawlamağa qoyasaawlama qoyasayou allow someone to skim | olawlamağa qoyadıawlama qoyadıhe allows someone to skim | bizawlamağa qoyabızawlama qoyabızwe allow someone to skim | sizawlamağa qoyasızawlama qoyasızyou all allow someone to skim | alaawlamağa qoyadılaawlama qoyadılathey allow someone to skim |
| Let someone… (present) | menawlamağa qoymaymaawlama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to skim | senawlamağa qoymaysaawlama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to skim | olawlamağa qoymaydıawlama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to skim | bizawlamağa qoymaybızawlama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to skim | sizawlamağa qoymaysızawlama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to skim | alaawlamağa qoymaydılaawlama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to skim |
| Let someone… (present) | menawlamağa qoyamamı?awlama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to skim? | senawlamağa qoyamısa?awlama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to skim? | olawlamağa qoyamıdı?awlama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to skim? | bizawlamağa qoyabızmı?awlama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to skim? | sizawlamağa qoyamısız?awlama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to skim? | alaawlamağa qoyamıdıla?awlama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to skim? |
| Let someone… (present) | menawlamağa qoymaymamı?awlama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to skim? | senawlamağa qoymaymısa?awlama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to skim? | olawlamağa qoymaymıdı?awlama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to skim? | bizawlamağa qoymaybızmı?awlama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to skim? | sizawlamağa qoymaymısız?awlama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to skim? | alaawlamağa qoymaymıdıla?awlama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to skim? |
| Let someone… (past) | menawlamağa qoydumawlama qoydumI allowed someone to skim | senawlamağa qoyduŋawlama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to skim | olawlamağa qoyduawlama qoyduhe allowed someone to skim | bizawlamağa qoyduqawlama qoyduqwe allowed someone to skim | sizawlamağa qoyduğuzawlama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to skim | alaawlamağa qoydulaawlama qoydulathey allowed someone to skim |
| Let someone… (past) | menawlamağa qoymadımawlama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to skim | senawlamağa qoymadıŋawlama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to skim | olawlamağa qoymadıawlama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to skim | bizawlamağa qoymadıqawlama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to skim | sizawlamağa qoymadığızawlama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to skim | alaawlamağa qoymadılaawlama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to skim |
| Let someone… (past) | menawlamağa qoydummu?awlama qoydummu?did I allow someone to skim? | senawlamağa qoyduŋmu?awlama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to skim? | olawlamağa qoydumu?awlama qoydumu?did he allow someone to skim? | bizawlamağa qoyduqmu?awlama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to skim? | sizawlamağa qoyduğuzmu?awlama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to skim? | alaawlamağa qoydulamı?awlama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to skim? |
| Let someone… (past) | menawlamağa qoymadımmı?awlama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to skim? | senawlamağa qoymadıŋmı?awlama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to skim? | olawlamağa qoymadımı?awlama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to skim? | bizawlamağa qoymadıqmı?awlama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to skim? | sizawlamağa qoymadığızmı?awlama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to skim? | alaawlamağa qoymadılamı?awlama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to skim? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
awlayalırğa be able to skim · awlayalmazğa be unable to skim
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menawlayalamaI can skim | senawlayalasayou can skim | olawlayaladıhe can skim | bizawlayalabızwe can skim | sizawlayalasızyou all can skim | alaawlayaladılathey can skim |
| Ability — present | menawlayalmaymaI can't skim | senawlayalmaysayou can't skim | olawlayalmaydıhe can't skim | bizawlayalmaybızwe can't skim | sizawlayalmaysızyou all can't skim | alaawlayalmaydılathey can't skim |
| Ability — present | menawlayalamamı? awlayalamıma?can I skim? | senawlayalamısa?can you skim? | olawlayalamıdı?can he skim? | bizawlayalabızmı? awlayalamıbız?can we skim? | sizawlayalamısız?can you all skim? | alaawlayalamıdıla?can they skim? |
| Ability — present | menawlayalmaymamı? awlayalmaymıma?can't I skim? | senawlayalmaymısa?can't you skim? | olawlayalmaymıdı?can't he skim? | bizawlayalmaybızmı? awlayalmaymıbız?can't we skim? | sizawlayalmaymısız?can't you all skim? | alaawlayalmaymıdıla?can't they skim? |
| Ability — if I can… | menawlayalsamif I can skim | senawlayalsaŋif you can skim | olawlayalsaif he can skim | bizawlayalsaqif we can skim | sizawlayalsağızif you all can skim | alaawlayalsalaif they can skim |
| Ability — if I can… | menawlayalmasamif I can't skim | senawlayalmasaŋif you can't skim | olawlayalmasaif he can't skim | bizawlayalmasaqif we can't skim | sizawlayalmasağızif you all can't skim | alaawlayalmasalaif they can't skim |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menawlayaldımI was able to skim | senawlayaldıŋyou were able to skim | olawlayaldıhe was able to skim | bizawlayaldıqwe were able to skim | sizawlayaldığızyou all were able to skim | alaawlayaldılathey were able to skim |
| Ability — simple past | menawlayalmadımI could not skim | senawlayalmadıŋyou could not skim | olawlayalmadıhe could not skim | bizawlayalmadıqwe could not skim | sizawlayalmadığızyou all could not skim | alaawlayalmadılathey could not skim |
| Ability — simple past | menawlayaldımmı?was I able to skim? | senawlayaldıŋmı?were you able to skim? | olawlayaldımı?was he able to skim? | bizawlayaldıqmı?were we able to skim? | sizawlayaldığızmı?were you all able to skim? | alaawlayaldılamı?were they able to skim? |
| Ability — simple past | menawlayalmadımmı?couldn't I skim? | senawlayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you skim? | olawlayalmadımı?couldn't he skim? | bizawlayalmadıqmı?couldn't we skim? | sizawlayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all skim? | alaawlayalmadılamı?couldn't they skim? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawlayalğanmaI have been able to skim | senawlayalğansayou have been able to skim | olawlayalğandıhe has been able to skim | bizawlayalğanbızwe have been able to skim | sizawlayalğansızyou all have been able to skim | alaawlayalğandılathey have been able to skim |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawlayalmağanmaI haven't been able to skim | senawlayalmağansayou haven't been able to skim | olawlayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to skim | bizawlayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to skim | sizawlayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to skim | alaawlayalmağandılathey haven't been able to skim |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawlayalğanmamı? awlayalğanmıma?have I been able to skim? | senawlayalğanmısa?have you been able to skim? | olawlayalğanmıdı?has he been able to skim? | bizawlayalğanbızmı? awlayalğanmıbız?have we been able to skim? | sizawlayalğanmısız?have you all been able to skim? | alaawlayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to skim? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menawlayalmağanmamı? awlayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to skim? | senawlayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to skim? | olawlayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to skim? | bizawlayalmağanbızmı? awlayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to skim? | sizawlayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to skim? | alaawlayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to skim? |
| Ability — past perfect | menawlayalğan edimawlayalğanemI had been able to skim | senawlayalğan ediŋawlayalğaneŋyou had been able to skim | olawlayalğan ediawlayalğanedhe had been able to skim | bizawlayalğan edikawlayalğanekwe had been able to skim | sizawlayalğan edigizawlayalğanegizyou all had been able to skim | alaawlayalğan edileawlayalğanellethey had been able to skim |
| Ability — past perfect | menawlayalmağan edimawlayalmağanemI hadn't been able to skim | senawlayalmağan ediŋawlayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to skim | olawlayalmağan ediawlayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to skim | bizawlayalmağan edikawlayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to skim | sizawlayalmağan edigizawlayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to skim | alaawlayalmağan edileawlayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to skim |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menawlayala edimawlayalaemI could skim | senawlayala ediŋawlayalaeŋyou could skim | olawlayala ediawlayalaedhe could skim | bizawlayala edikawlayalaekwe could skim | sizawlayala edigizawlayalaegizyou all could skim | alaawlayala edileawlayalaellethey could skim |
| Ability — past background | menawlayalmay edimawlayalmayemI could not skim | senawlayalmay ediŋawlayalmayeŋyou could not skim | olawlayalmay ediawlayalmayedhe could not skim | bizawlayalmay edikawlayalmayekwe could not skim | sizawlayalmay edigizawlayalmayegizyou all could not skim | alaawlayalmay edileawlayalmayellethey could not skim |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menawlayalırmaI will be able to skim | senawlayalırsayou will be able to skim | olawlayalırhe will be able to skim | bizawlayalırbızwe will be able to skim | sizawlayalırsızyou all will be able to skim | alaawlayalırlathey will be able to skim |
| Ability — future I | menawlayalmazmaI won't be able to skim | senawlayalmazsayou won't be able to skim | olawlayalmazhe won't be able to skim | bizawlayalmazbızwe won't be able to skim | sizawlayalmazsızyou all won't be able to skim | alaawlayalmazlathey won't be able to skim |
| Ability — future I | menawlayalırmamı? awlayalırmıma?will I be able to skim? | senawlayalırmısa?will you be able to skim? | olawlayalırmı?will he be able to skim? | bizawlayalırbızmı? awlayalırmıbız?will we be able to skim? | sizawlayalırmısız?will you all be able to skim? | alaawlayalırlamı? awlayalırmıla?will they be able to skim? |
| Ability — future I | menawlayalmazmamı? awlayalmazmıma?won't I be able to skim? | senawlayalmazmısa?won't you be able to skim? | olawlayalmazmı?won't he be able to skim? | bizawlayalmazbızmı? awlayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to skim? | sizawlayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to skim? | alaawlayalmazlamı? awlayalmazmıla?won't they be able to skim? |
| Ability — future II | menawlayallıqmaI am going to be able to skim | senawlayallıqsayou are going to be able to skim | olawlayallıqdıhe is going to be able to skim | bizawlayallıqbızwe are going to be able to skim | sizawlayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to skim | alaawlayallıqdılathey are going to be able to skim |
| Ability — future II | menawlayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to skim | senawlayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to skim | olawlayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to skim | bizawlayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to skim | sizawlayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to skim | alaawlayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to skim |
| Ability — future II | menawlayallıqmamı? awlayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to skim? | senawlayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to skim? | olawlayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to skim? | bizawlayallıqbızmı? awlayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to skim? | sizawlayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to skim? | alaawlayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to skim? |
| Ability — future II | menawlayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to skim? | senawlayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to skim? | olawlayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to skim? | bizawlayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to skim? | sizawlayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to skim? | alaawlayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to skim? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menawlayalır edimawlayalır emI would be able to skim | senawlayalır ediŋawlayalır eŋyou would be able to skim | olawlayalır ediawlayalır edhe would be able to skim | bizawlayalır edikawlayalır ekwe would be able to skim | sizawlayalır edigizawlayalır egizyou all would be able to skim | alaawlayalır edileawlayalır ellethey would be able to skim |
| Ability — would be able to… | menawlayalmaz edimawlayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to skim | senawlayalmaz ediŋawlayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to skim | olawlayalmaz ediawlayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to skim | bizawlayalmaz edikawlayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to skim | sizawlayalmaz edigizawlayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to skim | alaawlayalmaz edileawlayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to skim |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senawlayalğınawlayalğımay you be able to skim | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senawlayalmağınawlayalmağımay you not be able to skim | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menawlarğa izleymeI want to skim | senawlarğa izleyseyou want to skim | olawlarğa izleydihe wants to skim | bizawlarğa izleybizwe want to skim | sizawlarğa izleysizyou all want to skim | alaawlarğa izleydilethey want to skim |
| want to | menawlarğa izlemeymeI do not want to skim | senawlarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to skim | olawlarğa izlemeydihe does not want to skim | bizawlarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to skim | sizawlarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to skim | alaawlarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to skim |
| would like to | menawlarğa süemeI would like to skim | senawlarğa süeseyou would like to skim | olawlarğa süedihe would like to skim | bizawlarğa süebizwe would like to skim | sizawlarğa süesizyou all would like to skim | alaawlarğa süedilethey would like to skim |
| would like to | menawlarğa süymeymeI would not like to skim | senawlarğa süymeyseyou would not like to skim | olawlarğa süymeydihe would not like to skim | bizawlarğa süymeybizwe would not like to skim | sizawlarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to skim | alaawlarğa süymeydilethey would not like to skim |
| hope to | menawlarğa umutlanamaI hope to skim | senawlarğa umutlanasayou hope to skim | olawlarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to skim | bizawlarğa umutlanabızwe hope to skim | sizawlarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to skim | alaawlarğa umutlanadılathey hope to skim |
| hope to | menawlarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to skim | senawlarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to skim | olawlarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to skim | bizawlarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to skim | sizawlarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to skim | alaawlarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to skim |
| be about to | menawlarğa deb turamaI am about to skim | senawlarğa deb turasayou are about to skim | olawlarğa deb turadıhe is about to skim | bizawlarğa deb turabızwe are about to skim | sizawlarğa deb turasızyou all are about to skim | alaawlarğa deb turadılathey are about to skim |
| be about to | menawlarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to skim | senawlarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to skim | olawlarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to skim | bizawlarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to skim | sizawlarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to skim | alaawlarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to skim |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menawlarğa kerekmeI need to skim | senawlarğa kerekseyou need to skim | olawlarğa kerekdihe needs to skim | bizawlarğa kerekbizwe need to skim | sizawlarğa kereksizyou all need to skim | alaawlarğa kerekdilethey need to skim |
| need to | menawlarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to skim | senawlarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to skim | olawlarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to skim | bizawlarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to skim | sizawlarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to skim | alaawlarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to skim |
| have to | menmenŋe awlarğa tüşediI have to skim | sensenŋe awlarğa tüşediyou have to skim | olaŋa awlarğa tüşedihe has to skim | bizbizge awlarğa tüşediwe have to skim | sizsizge awlarğa tüşediyou all have to skim | alaalağa awlarğa tüşedithey have to skim |
| have to | menmenŋe awlarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to skim | sensenŋe awlarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to skim | olaŋa awlarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to skim | bizbizge awlarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to skim | sizsizge awlarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to skim | alaalağa awlarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to skim |
| be obliged to | menawlarğa borçlumaI am obliged to skim | senawlarğa borçlusayou are obliged to skim | olawlarğa borçluduhe is obliged to skim | bizawlarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to skim | sizawlarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to skim | alaawlarğa borçludulathey are obliged to skim |
| be obliged to | menawlarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to skim | senawlarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to skim | olawlarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to skim | bizawlarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to skim | sizawlarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to skim | alaawlarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to skim |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menawlarğa madarım bardıI have a way to skim | senawlarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to skim | olawlarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to skim | bizawlarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to skim | sizawlarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to skim | alaawlarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to skim |
| have a way to | menawlarğa madarım joqduI have no way to skim | senawlarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to skim | olawlarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to skim | bizawlarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to skim | sizawlarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to skim | alaawlarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to skim |
| be free to | menawlarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to skim | senawlarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to skim | olawlarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to skim | bizawlarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to skim | sizawlarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to skim | alaawlarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to skim |
| be free to | menawlarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to skim | senawlarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to skim | olawlarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to skim | bizawlarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to skim | sizawlarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to skim | alaawlarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to skim |
| be possible to | menmenŋe awlarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to skim | sensenŋe awlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to skim | olaŋa awlarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to skim | bizbizge awlarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to skim | sizsizge awlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to skim | alaalağa awlarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to skim |
| be possible to | menmenŋe awlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to skim | sensenŋe awlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to skim | olaŋa awlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to skim | bizbizge awlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to skim | sizsizge awlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to skim | alaalağa awlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to skim |
| be ready to | menawlarğa hazırmaI am ready to skim | senawlarğa hazırsayou are ready to skim | olawlarğa hazırdıhe is ready to skim | bizawlarğa hazırbızwe are ready to skim | sizawlarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to skim | alaawlarğa hazırdılathey are ready to skim |
| be ready to | menawlarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to skim | senawlarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to skim | olawlarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to skim | bizawlarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to skim | sizawlarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to skim | alaawlarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to skim |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menawlarğa küreşemeI am trying to skim | senawlarğa küreşeseyou are trying to skim | olawlarğa küreşedihe is trying to skim | bizawlarğa küreşebizwe are trying to skim | sizawlarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to skim | alaawlarğa küreşedilethey are trying to skim |
| try to | menawlarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to skim | senawlarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to skim | olawlarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to skim | bizawlarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to skim | sizawlarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to skim | alaawlarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to skim |
| agree to | menawlarğa unaymaI agree to skim | senawlarğa unaysayou agree to skim | olawlarğa unaydıhe agrees to skim | bizawlarğa unaybızwe agree to skim | sizawlarğa unaysızyou all agree to skim | alaawlarğa unaydılathey agree to skim |
| agree to | menawlarğa unamaymaI refuse to skim | senawlarğa unamaysayou refuse to skim | olawlarğa unamaydıhe refuses to skim | bizawlarğa unamaybızwe refuse to skim | sizawlarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to skim | alaawlarğa unamaydılathey refuse to skim |
| hurry to | menawlarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to skim | senawlarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to skim | olawlarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to skim | bizawlarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to skim | sizawlarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to skim | alaawlarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to skim |
| hurry to | menawlarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to skim | senawlarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to skim | olawlarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to skim | bizawlarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to skim | sizawlarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to skim | alaawlarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to skim |
| be afraid to | menawlarğa qorqamaI am afraid to skim | senawlarğa qorqasayou are afraid to skim | olawlarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to skim | bizawlarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to skim | sizawlarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to skim | alaawlarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to skim |
| be afraid to | menawlarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to skim | senawlarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to skim | olawlarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to skim | bizawlarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to skim | sizawlarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to skim | alaawlarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to skim |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menawlay bolmazmaI can't be skimming | senawlay bolmazsayou can't be skimming | olawlay bolmazhe can't be skimming | bizawlay bolmazbızwe can't be skimming | sizawlay bolmazsızyou all can't be skimming | alaawlay bolmazlathey can't be skimming |
| Inference, present — double negation | menawlamay bolmazmaI must be skimming (emphatic) | senawlamay bolmazsayou must be skimming (emphatic) | olawlamay bolmazhe must be skimming (emphatic) | bizawlamay bolmazbızwe must be skimming (emphatic) | sizawlamay bolmazsızyou all must be skimming (emphatic) | alaawlamay bolmazlathey must be skimming (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menawlay turmasamif I don't keep skimming | senawlay turmasaŋif you don't keep skimming | olawlay turmasaif he doesn't keep skimming | bizawlay turmasaqif we don't keep skimming | sizawlay turmasağızif you all don't keep skimming | alaawlay turmasalaif they don't keep skimming |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menawlay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of skimming | senawlay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of skimming | olawlay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of skimming | bizawlay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of skimming | sizawlay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of skimming | alaawlay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of skimming |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menawlamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not skimming (emphatic) | senawlamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not skimming (emphatic) | olawlamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not skimming (emphatic) | bizawlamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not skimming (emphatic) | sizawlamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not skimming (emphatic) | alaawlamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not skimming (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menawlamay turamaI keep on not skimming | senawlamay turasayou keep on not skimming | olawlamay turadıhe keeps on not skimming | bizawlamay turabızwe keep on not skimming | sizawlamay turasızyou all keep on not skimming | alaawlamay turadılathey keep on not skimming |
| Progressive — double negation | menawlamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not skimming | senawlamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not skimming | olawlamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not skimming | bizawlamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not skimming | sizawlamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not skimming | alaawlamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not skimming |
| Progressive — double negation | menawlamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not skimming? | senawlamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not skimming? | olawlamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not skimming? | bizawlamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not skimming? | sizawlamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not skimming? | alaawlamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not skimming? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menawlağan bolmazmaI can't have skimmed | senawlağan bolmazsayou can't have skimmed | olawlağan bolmazhe can't have skimmed | bizawlağan bolmazbızwe can't have skimmed | sizawlağan bolmazsızyou all can't have skimmed | alaawlağan bolmazlathey can't have skimmed |
| Inference — double negation | menawlamağan bolmazmaI must have skimmed (emphatic) | senawlamağan bolmazsayou must have skimmed (emphatic) | olawlamağan bolmazhe must have skimmed (emphatic) | bizawlamağan bolmazbızwe must have skimmed (emphatic) | sizawlamağan bolmazsızyou all must have skimmed (emphatic) | alaawlamağan bolmazlathey must have skimmed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menawlağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had skimmed | senawlağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had skimmed | olawlağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had skimmed | bizawlağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had skimmed | sizawlağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had skimmed | alaawlağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had skimmed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menawlamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't skimmed | senawlamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't skimmed | olawlamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't skimmed | bizawlamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't skimmed | sizawlamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't skimmed | alaawlamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't skimmed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menawlarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to skim | senawlarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to skim | olawlarıq bolmazhe can't be going to skim | bizawlarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to skim | sizawlarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to skim | alaawlarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to skim |
| Inference, future — double negation | menawlamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to skim (emphatic) | senawlamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to skim (emphatic) | olawlamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to skim (emphatic) | bizawlamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to skim (emphatic) | sizawlamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to skim (emphatic) | alaawlamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to skim (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menawlarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to skim | senawlarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to skim | olawlarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to skim | bizawlarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to skim | sizawlarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to skim | alaawlarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to skim |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menawlamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to skim | senawlamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to skim | olawlamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to skim | bizawlamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to skim | sizawlamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to skim | alaawlamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to skim |