asharğa / aqsarğa / ahsarğa
/asxarʁa/, /aqsarʁa/, /axsarʁa/
1. limp, be lame
- anı sol ayağı ashaydı — he limps on his left leg
- anı oŋ ayağı ashaydı — he limps on his right leg
- ol bir ayağına ashaydı — he limps on one leg
- men eki kün ashadım — I limped for two days
- qart kişi ashab baradı — the old man walks along limping
- awur asharğa — to limp badly
- az asharğa — to limp a little
- ashab başlarğa — to begin to limp
- ashab jürürge — to go about hobbling
2. falter, lag behind, suffer, go badly — Used of work, study and other affairs.
- bizni işibiz ashaydı — our work is going badly
- iş ashab başladı — the work began to falter
- bıltır iş bek ashağandı — the work went very badly last year
- sabiyni oquwu ashamazça etigiz — see to it that the child's schooling does not suffer
Expressions
- at çabar kün aqsağanlay — excuse at the worst moment
Conjugation
Common forms
- ashaydıhe is limping
- ashadıhe limped
- ashağandıhe has limped
- asharhe will limp
- asharıqdıhe is going to limp
- ashay edihe was limping
- ashasaif he limps
- asha!limp!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menashaymaI am limping | senashaysayou are limping | olashaydıhe is limping | bizashaybızwe are limping | sizashaysızyou all are limping | alaashaydılathey are limping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menashamaymaI am not limping | senashamaysayou are not limping | olashamaydıhe is not limping | bizashamaybızwe are not limping | sizashamaysızyou all are not limping | alaashamaydılathey are not limping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menashaymamı? ashaymıma?am I limping? | senashaymısa?are you limping? | olashaymıdı?is he limping? | bizashaybızmı? ashaymıbız?are we limping? | sizashaymısız?are you all limping? | alaashaymıdıla?are they limping? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menashamaymamı? ashamaymıma?aren't I limping? | senashamaymısa?aren't you limping? | olashamaymıdı?isn't he limping? | bizashamaybızmı? ashamaymıbız?aren't we limping? | sizashamaymısız?aren't you all limping? | alaashamaymıdıla?aren't they limping? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menashawçanmaI usually limp | senashawçansayou usually limp | olashawçandıhe usually limps | bizashawçanbızwe usually limp | sizashawçansızyou all usually limp | alaashawçandılathey usually limp |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menashamawçanmaI usually don't limp | senashamawçansayou usually don't limp | olashamawçandıhe usually doesn't limp | bizashamawçanbızwe usually don't limp | sizashamawçansızyou all usually don't limp | alaashamawçandılathey usually don't limp |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menashawçanmamı? ashawçanmıma?do I usually limp? | senashawçanmısa?do you usually limp? | olashawçanmıdı?does he usually limp? | bizashawçanbızmı? ashawçanmıbız?do we usually limp? | sizashawçanmısız?do you all usually limp? | alaashawçanmıdıla?do they usually limp? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menashamawçanmamı? ashamawçanmıma?do I usually not limp? | senashamawçanmısa?do you usually not limp? | olashamawçanmıdı?does he usually not limp? | bizashamawçanbızmı? ashamawçanmıbız?do we usually not limp? | sizashamawçanmısız?do you all usually not limp? | alaashamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not limp? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olashabdıhe has limped and remains so | alaashabdılathey have limped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olashabmıdı?has he limped? | alaashabmıdıla?have they limped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menashab turamaI keep limping | senashab turasayou keep limping | olashab turadıhe keeps limping | bizashab turabızwe keep limping | sizashab turasızyou all keep limping | alaashab turadılathey keep limping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menashab turmaymaI don't keep limping | senashab turmaysayou don't keep limping | olashab turmaydıhe doesn't keep limping | bizashab turmaybızwe don't keep limping | sizashab turmaysızyou all don't keep limping | alaashab turmaydılathey don't keep limping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menashab turamamı? ashab turamıma?do I keep limping? | senashab turamısa?do you keep limping? | olashab turamıdı?does he keep limping? | bizashab turabızmı? ashab turamıbız?do we keep limping? | sizashab turamısız?do you all keep limping? | alaashab turamıdıla?do they keep limping? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menashab turmaymamı? ashab turmaymıma?don't I keep limping? | senashab turmaymısa?don't you keep limping? | olashab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep limping? | bizashab turmaybızmı? ashab turmaymıbız?don't we keep limping? | sizashab turmaymısız?don't you all keep limping? | alaashab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep limping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menashay turamaI am in the middle of limping | senashay turasayou are in the middle of limping | olashay turadıhe is in the middle of limping | bizashay turabızwe are in the middle of limping | sizashay turasızyou all are in the middle of limping | alaashay turadılathey are in the middle of limping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menashay turmaymaI am not in the middle of limping | senashay turmaysayou are not in the middle of limping | olashay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of limping | bizashay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of limping | sizashay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of limping | alaashay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of limping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menashay turamamı? ashay turamıma?am I in the middle of limping? | senashay turamısa?are you in the middle of limping? | olashay turamıdı?is he in the middle of limping? | bizashay turabızmı? ashay turamıbız?are we in the middle of limping? | sizashay turamısız?are you all in the middle of limping? | alaashay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of limping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menashay turmaymamı? ashay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of limping? | senashay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of limping? | olashay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of limping? | bizashay turmaybızmı? ashay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of limping? | sizashay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of limping? | alaashay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of limping? |
| Simple past (definite) | menashadımI limped | senashadıŋyou limped | olashadıhe limped | bizashadıqwe limped | sizashadığızyou all limped | alaashadılathey limped |
| Simple past (definite) | menashamadımI didn't limp | senashamadıŋyou didn't limp | olashamadıhe didn't limp | bizashamadıqwe didn't limp | sizashamadığızyou all didn't limp | alaashamadılathey didn't limp |
| Simple past (definite) | menashadımmı?did I limp? | senashadıŋmı?did you limp? | olashadımı?did he limp? | bizashadıqmı?did we limp? | sizashadığızmı?did you all limp? | alaashadılamı?did they limp? |
| Simple past (definite) | menashamadımmı?didn't I limp? | senashamadıŋmı?didn't you limp? | olashamadımı?didn't he limp? | bizashamadıqmı?didn't we limp? | sizashamadığızmı?didn't you all limp? | alaashamadılamı?didn't they limp? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menashağanmaI have limped | senashağansayou have limped | olashağandıhe has limped | bizashağanbızwe have limped | sizashağansızyou all have limped | alaashağandılathey have limped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menashamağanmaI haven't limped | senashamağansayou haven't limped | olashamağandıhe hasn't limped | bizashamağanbızwe haven't limped | sizashamağansızyou all haven't limped | alaashamağandılathey haven't limped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menashağanmamı? ashağanmıma?have I limped? | senashağanmısa?have you limped? | olashağanmıdı?has he limped? | bizashağanbızmı? ashağanmıbız?have we limped? | sizashağanmısız?have you all limped? | alaashağanmıdıla?have they limped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menashamağanmamı? ashamağanmıma?haven't I limped? | senashamağanmısa?haven't you limped? | olashamağanmıdı?hasn't he limped? | bizashamağanbızmı? ashamağanmıbız?haven't we limped? | sizashamağanmısız?haven't you all limped? | alaashamağanmıdıla?haven't they limped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menashab turdumI kept limping | senashab turduŋyou kept limping | olashab turduhe kept limping | bizashab turduqwe kept limping | sizashab turduğuzyou all kept limping | alaashab turdulathey kept limping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menashab turmadımI didn't keep limping | senashab turmadıŋyou didn't keep limping | olashab turmadıhe didn't keep limping | bizashab turmadıqwe didn't keep limping | sizashab turmadığızyou all didn't keep limping | alaashab turmadılathey didn't keep limping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menasharmaI will limp | senasharsayou will limp | olasharhe will limp | bizasharbızwe will limp | sizasharsızyou all will limp | alaasharlathey will limp |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menashamazmaI won't limp | senashamazsayou won't limp | olashamazhe won't limp | bizashamazbızwe won't limp | sizashamazsızyou all won't limp | alaashamazlathey won't limp |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menasharmamı? asharmıma?will I limp? | senasharmısa?will you limp? | olasharmı?will he limp? | bizasharbızmı? asharmıbız?will we limp? | sizasharmısız?will you all limp? | alaasharlamı? asharmıla?will they limp? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menashamazmamı? ashamazmıma?won't I limp? | senashamazmısa?won't you limp? | olashamazmı?won't he limp? | bizashamazbızmı? ashamazmıbız?won't we limp? | sizashamazmısız?won't you all limp? | alaashamazlamı? ashamazmıla?won't they limp? |
| Definite future (future II) | menasharıqmaI am going to limp | senasharıqsayou are going to limp | olasharıqdıhe is going to limp | bizasharıqbızwe are going to limp | sizasharıqsızyou all are going to limp | alaasharıqdılathey are going to limp |
| Definite future (future II) | menasharıq tülmeI am not going to limp | senasharıq tülseyou are not going to limp | olasharıq tüldühe is not going to limp | bizasharıq tülbüzwe are not going to limp | sizasharıq tülsüzyou all are not going to limp | alaasharıq tüldülethey are not going to limp |
| Definite future (future II) | menasharıqmamı? asharıqmıma?am I going to limp? | senasharıqmısa?are you going to limp? | olasharıqmıdı?is he going to limp? | bizasharıqbızmı? asharıqmıbız?are we going to limp? | sizasharıqmısız?are you all going to limp? | alaasharıqmıdıla?are they going to limp? |
| Definite future (future II) | menasharıq tülmüme?aren't I going to limp? | senasharıq tülmüse?aren't you going to limp? | olasharıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to limp? | bizasharıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to limp? | sizasharıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to limp? | alaasharıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to limp? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menashağan edimashağanemI had limped | senashağan ediŋashağaneŋyou had limped | olashağan ediashağanedhe had limped | bizashağan edikashağanekwe had limped | sizashağan edigizashağanegizyou all had limped | alaashağan edileashağanellethey had limped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menashamağan edimashamağanemI hadn't limped | senashamağan ediŋashamağaneŋyou hadn't limped | olashamağan ediashamağanedhe hadn't limped | bizashamağan edikashamağanekwe hadn't limped | sizashamağan edigizashamağanegizyou all hadn't limped | alaashamağan edileashamağanellethey hadn't limped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menashay edimashayemI was limping | senashay ediŋashayeŋyou were limping | olashay ediashayedhe was limping | bizashay edikashayekwe were limping | sizashay edigizashayegizyou all were limping | alaashay edileashayellethey were limping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menashamay edimashamayemI wasn't limping | senashamay ediŋashamayeŋyou weren't limping | olashamay ediashamayedhe wasn't limping | bizashamay edikashamayekwe weren't limping | sizashamay edigizashamayegizyou all weren't limping | alaashamay edileashamayellethey weren't limping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menashawçan edimashawçanemI used to limp | senashawçan ediŋashawçaneŋyou used to limp | olashawçan ediashawçanedhe used to limp | bizashawçan edikashawçanekwe used to limp | sizashawçan edigizashawçanegizyou all used to limp | alaashawçan edileashawçanellethey used to limp |
| Habitual past (used to) | menashamawçan edimashamawçanemI didn't use to limp | senashamawçan ediŋashamawçaneŋyou didn't use to limp | olashamawçan ediashamawçanedhe didn't use to limp | bizashamawçan edikashamawçanekwe didn't use to limp | sizashamawçan edigizashamawçanegizyou all didn't use to limp | alaashamawçan edileashamawçanellethey didn't use to limp |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olashab edihe had limped and remained so | alaashab edilethey had limped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olashab tül edihe hadn't limped | alaashab tül edilethey hadn't limped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menashab tura edimashab turaemI had kept limping | senashab tura ediŋashab turaeŋyou had kept limping | olashab tura ediashab turaedhe had kept limping | bizashab tura edikashab turaekwe had kept limping | sizashab tura edigizashab turaegizyou all had kept limping | alaashab tura edileashab turaellethey had kept limping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menashab turmay edimashab turmayemI hadn't kept limping | senashab turmay ediŋashab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept limping | olashab turmay ediashab turmayedhe hadn't kept limping | bizashab turmay edikashab turmayekwe hadn't kept limping | sizashab turmay edigizashab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept limping | alaashab turmay edileashab turmayellethey hadn't kept limping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menashay tura edimashay turaemI was in the middle of limping | senashay tura ediŋashay turaeŋyou were in the middle of limping | olashay tura ediashay turaedhe was in the middle of limping | bizashay tura edikashay turaekwe were in the middle of limping | sizashay tura edigizashay turaegizyou all were in the middle of limping | alaashay tura edileashay turaellethey were in the middle of limping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menashay turmay edimashay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of limping | senashay turmay ediŋashay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of limping | olashay turmay ediashay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of limping | bizashay turmay edikashay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of limping | sizashay turmay edigizashay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of limping | alaashay turmay edileashay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of limping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menashar edimashar emI would limp | senashar ediŋashar eŋyou would limp | olashar ediashar edhe would limp | bizashar edikashar ekwe would limp | sizashar edigizashar egizyou all would limp | alaashar edileashar ellethey would limp |
| Conditional result (would) | menashamaz edimashamaz emI wouldn't limp | senashamaz ediŋashamaz eŋyou wouldn't limp | olashamaz ediashamaz edhe wouldn't limp | bizashamaz edikashamaz ekwe wouldn't limp | sizashamaz edigizashamaz egizyou all wouldn't limp | alaashamaz edileashamaz ellethey wouldn't limp |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menasharıq edimasharıq emI would have limped | senasharıq ediŋasharıq eŋyou would have limped | olasharıq ediasharıq edhe would have limped | bizasharıq edikasharıq ekwe would have limped | sizasharıq edigizasharıq egizyou all would have limped | alaasharıq edileasharıq ellethey would have limped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menasharıq tül edimasharıq tül emI wouldn't have limped | senasharıq tül ediŋasharıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have limped | olasharıq tül ediasharıq tül edhe wouldn't have limped | bizasharıq tül edikasharıq tül ekwe wouldn't have limped | sizasharıq tül edigizasharıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have limped | alaasharıq tül edileasharıq tül ellethey wouldn't have limped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menashasamif I limp | senashasaŋif you limp | olashasaif he limps | bizashasaqif we limp | sizashasağızif you all limp | alaashasalaif they limp |
| Conditional | menashamasamif I don't limp | senashamasaŋif you don't limp | olashamasaif he doesn't limp | bizashamasaqif we don't limp | sizashamasağızif you all don't limp | alaashamasalaif they don't limp |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menashay esemif I am limping | senashay eseŋif you are limping | olashay eseif he is limping | bizashay esekif we are limping | sizashay esegizif you all are limping | alaashay eseleif they are limping |
| Conditional, present real | menashamay esemif I am not limping | senashamay eseŋif you are not limping | olashamay eseif he is not limping | bizashamay esekif we are not limping | sizashamay esegizif you all are not limping | alaashamay eseleif they are not limping |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menashasam ediashasam edif only I limped | senashasaŋ ediashasaŋ edif only you limped | olashasa ediashasaedif only he limped | bizashasaq ediashasaq edif only we limped | sizashasağız ediashasağız edif only you all limped | alaashasala ediashasalaedif only they limped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menashamasam ediashamasam edif only I didn't limp | senashamasaŋ ediashamasaŋ edif only you didn't limp | olashamasa ediashamasaedif only he didn't limp | bizashamasaq ediashamasaq edif only we didn't limp | sizashamasağız ediashamasağız edif only you all didn't limp | alaashamasala ediashamasalaedif only they didn't limp |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menashab tursamif I carry on limping | senashab tursaŋif you carry on limping | olashab tursaif he carries on limping | bizashab tursaqif we carry on limping | sizashab tursağızif you all carry on limping | alaashab tursalaif they carry on limping |
| Durative conditional | menashab turmasamif I don't carry on limping | senashab turmasaŋif you don't carry on limping | olashab turmasaif he doesn't carry on limping | bizashab turmasaqif we don't carry on limping | sizashab turmasağızif you all don't carry on limping | alaashab turmasalaif they don't carry on limping |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menashab tura esemif I have kept limping | senashab tura eseŋif you have kept limping | olashab tura eseif he has kept limping | bizashab tura esekif we have kept limping | sizashab tura esegizif you all have kept limping | alaashab tura eseleif they have kept limping |
| Durative conditional, present real | menashab turmay esemif I haven't kept limping | senashab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept limping | olashab turmay eseif he hasn't kept limping | bizashab turmay esekif we haven't kept limping | sizashab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept limping | alaashab turmay eseleif they haven't kept limping |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menashay tursamif I keep limping | senashay tursaŋif you keep limping | olashay tursaif he keeps limping | bizashay tursaqif we keep limping | sizashay tursağızif you all keep limping | alaashay tursalaif they keep limping |
| Progressive conditional | menashamay tursamif I keep on not limping | senashamay tursaŋif you keep on not limping | olashamay tursaif he keeps on not limping | bizashamay tursaqif we keep on not limping | sizashamay tursağızif you all keep on not limping | alaashamay tursalaif they keep on not limping |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menashay tura esemif I am in the middle of limping | senashay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of limping | olashay tura eseif he is in the middle of limping | bizashay tura esekif we are in the middle of limping | sizashay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of limping | alaashay tura eseleif they are in the middle of limping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menashamay tura esemif I keep on not limping | senashamay tura eseŋif you keep on not limping | olashamay tura eseif he keeps on not limping | bizashamay tura esekif we keep on not limping | sizashamay tura esegizif you all keep on not limping | alaashamay tura eseleif they keep on not limping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menashadım esemif I limped | senashadıŋ eseŋif you limped | olashadı eseif he limped | bizashadıq esekif we limped | sizashadığız esegizif you all limped | alaashadıla eseleif they limped |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menashamadım esemif I didn't limp | senashamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't limp | olashamadı eseif he didn't limp | bizashamadıq esekif we didn't limp | sizashamadığız esegizif you all didn't limp | alaashamadıla eseleif they didn't limp |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menashağan esemif I did limp (indeed) | senashağan eseŋif you did limp (indeed) | olashağan eseif he did limp (indeed) | bizashağan esekif we did limp (indeed) | sizashağan esegizif you all did limp (indeed) | alaashağan eseleif they did limp (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menashamağan esemif I didn't limp (indeed) | senashamağan eseŋif you didn't limp (indeed) | olashamağan eseif he didn't limp (indeed) | bizashamağan esekif we didn't limp (indeed) | sizashamağan esegizif you all didn't limp (indeed) | alaashamağan eseleif they didn't limp (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menashağan bolsamif I had limped | senashağan bolsaŋif you had limped | olashağan bolsaif he had limped | bizashağan bolsaqif we had limped | sizashağan bolsağızif you all had limped | alaashağan bolsalaif they had limped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menashamağan bolsamif I hadn't limped | senashamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't limped | olashamağan bolsaif he hadn't limped | bizashamağan bolsaqif we hadn't limped | sizashamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't limped | alaashamağan bolsalaif they hadn't limped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menashağan bolsam ediashağan bolsam edif only I had limped | senashağan bolsaŋ ediashağan bolsaŋ edif only you had limped | olashağan bolsa ediashağan bolsaedif only he had limped | bizashağan bolsaq ediashağan bolsaq edif only we had limped | sizashağan bolsağız ediashağan bolsağız edif only you all had limped | alaashağan bolsala ediashağan bolsalaedif only they had limped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menashamağan bolsam ediashamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't limped | senashamağan bolsaŋ ediashamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't limped | olashamağan bolsa ediashamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't limped | bizashamağan bolsaq ediashamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't limped | sizashamağan bolsağız ediashamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't limped | alaashamağan bolsala ediashamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't limped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menashar esemif I will limp | senashar eseŋif you will limp | olashar eseif he will limp | bizashar esekif we will limp | sizashar esegizif you all will limp | alaashar eseleif they will limp |
| Conditional, aorist | menashamaz esemif I won't limp | senashamaz eseŋif you won't limp | olashamaz eseif he won't limp | bizashamaz esekif we won't limp | sizashamaz esegizif you all won't limp | alaashamaz eseleif they won't limp |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menasharıq esemif I am going to limp | senasharıq eseŋif you are going to limp | olasharıq eseif he is going to limp | bizasharıq esekif we are going to limp | sizasharıq esegizif you all are going to limp | alaasharıq eseleif they are going to limp |
| Conditional, future | menasharıq tül esemif I am not going to limp | senasharıq tül eseŋif you are not going to limp | olasharıq tül eseif he is not going to limp | bizasharıq tül esekif we are not going to limp | sizasharıq tül esegizif you all are not going to limp | alaasharıq tül eseleif they are not going to limp |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menasharıq bolsamif I were going to limp | senasharıq bolsaŋif you were going to limp | olasharıq bolsaif he were going to limp | bizasharıq bolsaqif we were going to limp | sizasharıq bolsağızif you all were going to limp | alaasharıq bolsalaif they were going to limp |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menashamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to limp | senashamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to limp | olashamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to limp | bizashamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to limp | sizashamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to limp | alaashamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to limp |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ashadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menashay bolurmaI must be limping | senashay bolursayou must be limping | olashay bolurhe must be limping | bizashay bolurbuzwe must be limping | sizashay bolursuzyou all must be limping | alaashay bolurlathey must be limping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menashamay bolurmaI must not be limping | senashamay bolursayou must not be limping | olashamay bolurhe must not be limping | bizashamay bolurbuzwe must not be limping | sizashamay bolursuzyou all must not be limping | alaashamay bolurlathey must not be limping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menashay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of limping | senashay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of limping | olashay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of limping | bizashay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of limping | sizashay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of limping | alaashay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of limping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menashamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not limping | senashamay tura bolursayou must keep on not limping | olashamay tura bolurhe must keep on not limping | bizashamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not limping | sizashamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not limping | alaashamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not limping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menashağan bolurmaI must have limped | senashağan bolursayou must have limped | olashağan bolurhe must have limped | bizashağan bolurbuzwe must have limped | sizashağan bolursuzyou all must have limped | alaashağan bolurlathey must have limped |
| Inference (must have) | menashamağan bolurmaI must not have limped | senashamağan bolursayou must not have limped | olashamağan bolurhe must not have limped | bizashamağan bolurbuzwe must not have limped | sizashamağan bolursuzyou all must not have limped | alaashamağan bolurlathey must not have limped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menasharıq bolurmaI must be going to limp | senasharıq bolursayou must be going to limp | olasharıq bolurhe must be going to limp | bizasharıq bolurbuzwe must be going to limp | sizasharıq bolursuzyou all must be going to limp | alaasharıq bolurlathey must be going to limp |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menashamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to limp | senashamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to limp | olashamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to limp | bizashamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to limp | sizashamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to limp | alaashamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to limp |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menashayımlet me limp | senasha!limp! | olashasınlet him limp | bizashayıqlet's limp | sizashağız!limp, you all! | alaashasınlalet them limp |
| Commands & suggestions | menashamayımlet me not limp | senashama!don't limp! | olashamasınlet him not limp | bizashamayıqlet's not limp | sizashamağız!don't limp, you all! | alaashamasınlalet them not limp |
| Commands & suggestions | menashayımmı?shall I limp? | olashasınmı?should he limp? | bizashayıqmı?shall we limp? | alaashasınlamı?should they limp? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menashamayımmı?shall I not limp? | olashamasınmı?should he not limp? | bizashamayıqmı?shall we not limp? | alaashamasınlamı?should they not limp? | ||
| Requests | senashaçı2ashaçınplease limp | olashasınçıdo let him limp | sizashaçığızplease limp (plural/polite) | alaashasınlaçıdo let them limp | ||
| Requests | senashamaçı2ashamaçınplease don't limp | olashamasınçıdo let him not limp | sizashamaçığızplease don't limp (plural/polite) | alaashamasınlaçıdo let them not limp | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senashağınashağımay you limp | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senashamağınashamağımay you not limp | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menashağay edim ashağa edimwould that I limped | senashağay ediŋ ashağa ediŋwould that you limped | olashağay edi ashağa ediwould that he limped | bizashağay edik ashağa edikwould that we limped | sizashağay edigiz ashağa edigizwould that you all limped | alaashağay edile ashağa edilewould that they limped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menashamağay edim ashamağa edimwould that I did not limp | senashamağay ediŋ ashamağa ediŋwould that you did not limp | olashamağay edi ashamağa ediwould that he did not limp | bizashamağay edik ashamağa edikwould that we did not limp | sizashamağay edigiz ashamağa edigizwould that you all did not limp | alaashamağay edile ashamağa edilewould that they did not limp |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menashamağa qoyayımashama qoyayımlet me allow someone to limp | senashamağa qoy!ashama qoy!let someone limp! | olashamağa qoysunashama qoysunlet him allow someone to limp | bizashamağa qoyayıqashama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to limp | sizashamağa qoyuğuz!ashama qoyuğuz!let someone limp, you all! | alaashamağa qoysunlaashama qoysunlalet them allow someone to limp |
| Let someone… (commands) | menashamağa qoymayımashama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to limp | senashamağa qoyma!ashama qoyma!don't let someone limp! | olashamağa qoymasınashama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to limp | bizashamağa qoymayıqashama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to limp | sizashamağa qoymağız!ashama qoymağız!don't let someone limp, you all! | alaashamağa qoymasınlaashama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to limp |
| Let someone… (commands) | menashamağa qoyayımmı?ashama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to limp? | olashamağa qoysunmu?ashama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to limp? | bizashamağa qoyayıqmı?ashama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to limp? | alaashamağa qoysunlamı?ashama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to limp? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menashamağa qoymayımmı?ashama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to limp? | olashamağa qoymasınmı?ashama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to limp? | bizashamağa qoymayıqmı?ashama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to limp? | alaashamağa qoymasınlamı?ashama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to limp? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menashamağa qoyamaashama qoyamaI allow someone to limp | senashamağa qoyasaashama qoyasayou allow someone to limp | olashamağa qoyadıashama qoyadıhe allows someone to limp | bizashamağa qoyabızashama qoyabızwe allow someone to limp | sizashamağa qoyasızashama qoyasızyou all allow someone to limp | alaashamağa qoyadılaashama qoyadılathey allow someone to limp |
| Let someone… (present) | menashamağa qoymaymaashama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to limp | senashamağa qoymaysaashama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to limp | olashamağa qoymaydıashama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to limp | bizashamağa qoymaybızashama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to limp | sizashamağa qoymaysızashama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to limp | alaashamağa qoymaydılaashama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to limp |
| Let someone… (present) | menashamağa qoyamamı?ashama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to limp? | senashamağa qoyamısa?ashama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to limp? | olashamağa qoyamıdı?ashama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to limp? | bizashamağa qoyabızmı?ashama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to limp? | sizashamağa qoyamısız?ashama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to limp? | alaashamağa qoyamıdıla?ashama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to limp? |
| Let someone… (present) | menashamağa qoymaymamı?ashama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to limp? | senashamağa qoymaymısa?ashama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to limp? | olashamağa qoymaymıdı?ashama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to limp? | bizashamağa qoymaybızmı?ashama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to limp? | sizashamağa qoymaymısız?ashama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to limp? | alaashamağa qoymaymıdıla?ashama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to limp? |
| Let someone… (past) | menashamağa qoydumashama qoydumI allowed someone to limp | senashamağa qoyduŋashama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to limp | olashamağa qoyduashama qoyduhe allowed someone to limp | bizashamağa qoyduqashama qoyduqwe allowed someone to limp | sizashamağa qoyduğuzashama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to limp | alaashamağa qoydulaashama qoydulathey allowed someone to limp |
| Let someone… (past) | menashamağa qoymadımashama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to limp | senashamağa qoymadıŋashama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to limp | olashamağa qoymadıashama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to limp | bizashamağa qoymadıqashama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to limp | sizashamağa qoymadığızashama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to limp | alaashamağa qoymadılaashama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to limp |
| Let someone… (past) | menashamağa qoydummu?ashama qoydummu?did I allow someone to limp? | senashamağa qoyduŋmu?ashama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to limp? | olashamağa qoydumu?ashama qoydumu?did he allow someone to limp? | bizashamağa qoyduqmu?ashama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to limp? | sizashamağa qoyduğuzmu?ashama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to limp? | alaashamağa qoydulamı?ashama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to limp? |
| Let someone… (past) | menashamağa qoymadımmı?ashama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to limp? | senashamağa qoymadıŋmı?ashama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to limp? | olashamağa qoymadımı?ashama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to limp? | bizashamağa qoymadıqmı?ashama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to limp? | sizashamağa qoymadığızmı?ashama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to limp? | alaashamağa qoymadılamı?ashama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to limp? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
ashayalırğa be able to limp · ashayalmazğa be unable to limp
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menashayalamaI can limp | senashayalasayou can limp | olashayaladıhe can limp | bizashayalabızwe can limp | sizashayalasızyou all can limp | alaashayaladılathey can limp |
| Ability — present | menashayalmaymaI can't limp | senashayalmaysayou can't limp | olashayalmaydıhe can't limp | bizashayalmaybızwe can't limp | sizashayalmaysızyou all can't limp | alaashayalmaydılathey can't limp |
| Ability — present | menashayalamamı? ashayalamıma?can I limp? | senashayalamısa?can you limp? | olashayalamıdı?can he limp? | bizashayalabızmı? ashayalamıbız?can we limp? | sizashayalamısız?can you all limp? | alaashayalamıdıla?can they limp? |
| Ability — present | menashayalmaymamı? ashayalmaymıma?can't I limp? | senashayalmaymısa?can't you limp? | olashayalmaymıdı?can't he limp? | bizashayalmaybızmı? ashayalmaymıbız?can't we limp? | sizashayalmaymısız?can't you all limp? | alaashayalmaymıdıla?can't they limp? |
| Ability — if I can… | menashayalsamif I can limp | senashayalsaŋif you can limp | olashayalsaif he can limp | bizashayalsaqif we can limp | sizashayalsağızif you all can limp | alaashayalsalaif they can limp |
| Ability — if I can… | menashayalmasamif I can't limp | senashayalmasaŋif you can't limp | olashayalmasaif he can't limp | bizashayalmasaqif we can't limp | sizashayalmasağızif you all can't limp | alaashayalmasalaif they can't limp |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menashayaldımI was able to limp | senashayaldıŋyou were able to limp | olashayaldıhe was able to limp | bizashayaldıqwe were able to limp | sizashayaldığızyou all were able to limp | alaashayaldılathey were able to limp |
| Ability — simple past | menashayalmadımI could not limp | senashayalmadıŋyou could not limp | olashayalmadıhe could not limp | bizashayalmadıqwe could not limp | sizashayalmadığızyou all could not limp | alaashayalmadılathey could not limp |
| Ability — simple past | menashayaldımmı?was I able to limp? | senashayaldıŋmı?were you able to limp? | olashayaldımı?was he able to limp? | bizashayaldıqmı?were we able to limp? | sizashayaldığızmı?were you all able to limp? | alaashayaldılamı?were they able to limp? |
| Ability — simple past | menashayalmadımmı?couldn't I limp? | senashayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you limp? | olashayalmadımı?couldn't he limp? | bizashayalmadıqmı?couldn't we limp? | sizashayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all limp? | alaashayalmadılamı?couldn't they limp? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menashayalğanmaI have been able to limp | senashayalğansayou have been able to limp | olashayalğandıhe has been able to limp | bizashayalğanbızwe have been able to limp | sizashayalğansızyou all have been able to limp | alaashayalğandılathey have been able to limp |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menashayalmağanmaI haven't been able to limp | senashayalmağansayou haven't been able to limp | olashayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to limp | bizashayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to limp | sizashayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to limp | alaashayalmağandılathey haven't been able to limp |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menashayalğanmamı? ashayalğanmıma?have I been able to limp? | senashayalğanmısa?have you been able to limp? | olashayalğanmıdı?has he been able to limp? | bizashayalğanbızmı? ashayalğanmıbız?have we been able to limp? | sizashayalğanmısız?have you all been able to limp? | alaashayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to limp? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menashayalmağanmamı? ashayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to limp? | senashayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to limp? | olashayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to limp? | bizashayalmağanbızmı? ashayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to limp? | sizashayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to limp? | alaashayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to limp? |
| Ability — past perfect | menashayalğan edimashayalğanemI had been able to limp | senashayalğan ediŋashayalğaneŋyou had been able to limp | olashayalğan ediashayalğanedhe had been able to limp | bizashayalğan edikashayalğanekwe had been able to limp | sizashayalğan edigizashayalğanegizyou all had been able to limp | alaashayalğan edileashayalğanellethey had been able to limp |
| Ability — past perfect | menashayalmağan edimashayalmağanemI hadn't been able to limp | senashayalmağan ediŋashayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to limp | olashayalmağan ediashayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to limp | bizashayalmağan edikashayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to limp | sizashayalmağan edigizashayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to limp | alaashayalmağan edileashayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to limp |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menashayala edimashayalaemI could limp | senashayala ediŋashayalaeŋyou could limp | olashayala ediashayalaedhe could limp | bizashayala edikashayalaekwe could limp | sizashayala edigizashayalaegizyou all could limp | alaashayala edileashayalaellethey could limp |
| Ability — past background | menashayalmay edimashayalmayemI could not limp | senashayalmay ediŋashayalmayeŋyou could not limp | olashayalmay ediashayalmayedhe could not limp | bizashayalmay edikashayalmayekwe could not limp | sizashayalmay edigizashayalmayegizyou all could not limp | alaashayalmay edileashayalmayellethey could not limp |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menashayalırmaI will be able to limp | senashayalırsayou will be able to limp | olashayalırhe will be able to limp | bizashayalırbızwe will be able to limp | sizashayalırsızyou all will be able to limp | alaashayalırlathey will be able to limp |
| Ability — future I | menashayalmazmaI won't be able to limp | senashayalmazsayou won't be able to limp | olashayalmazhe won't be able to limp | bizashayalmazbızwe won't be able to limp | sizashayalmazsızyou all won't be able to limp | alaashayalmazlathey won't be able to limp |
| Ability — future I | menashayalırmamı? ashayalırmıma?will I be able to limp? | senashayalırmısa?will you be able to limp? | olashayalırmı?will he be able to limp? | bizashayalırbızmı? ashayalırmıbız?will we be able to limp? | sizashayalırmısız?will you all be able to limp? | alaashayalırlamı? ashayalırmıla?will they be able to limp? |
| Ability — future I | menashayalmazmamı? ashayalmazmıma?won't I be able to limp? | senashayalmazmısa?won't you be able to limp? | olashayalmazmı?won't he be able to limp? | bizashayalmazbızmı? ashayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to limp? | sizashayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to limp? | alaashayalmazlamı? ashayalmazmıla?won't they be able to limp? |
| Ability — future II | menashayallıqmaI am going to be able to limp | senashayallıqsayou are going to be able to limp | olashayallıqdıhe is going to be able to limp | bizashayallıqbızwe are going to be able to limp | sizashayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to limp | alaashayallıqdılathey are going to be able to limp |
| Ability — future II | menashayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to limp | senashayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to limp | olashayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to limp | bizashayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to limp | sizashayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to limp | alaashayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to limp |
| Ability — future II | menashayallıqmamı? ashayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to limp? | senashayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to limp? | olashayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to limp? | bizashayallıqbızmı? ashayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to limp? | sizashayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to limp? | alaashayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to limp? |
| Ability — future II | menashayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to limp? | senashayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to limp? | olashayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to limp? | bizashayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to limp? | sizashayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to limp? | alaashayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to limp? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menashayalır edimashayalır emI would be able to limp | senashayalır ediŋashayalır eŋyou would be able to limp | olashayalır ediashayalır edhe would be able to limp | bizashayalır edikashayalır ekwe would be able to limp | sizashayalır edigizashayalır egizyou all would be able to limp | alaashayalır edileashayalır ellethey would be able to limp |
| Ability — would be able to… | menashayalmaz edimashayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to limp | senashayalmaz ediŋashayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to limp | olashayalmaz ediashayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to limp | bizashayalmaz edikashayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to limp | sizashayalmaz edigizashayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to limp | alaashayalmaz edileashayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to limp |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senashayalğınashayalğımay you be able to limp | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senashayalmağınashayalmağımay you not be able to limp | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menasharğa izleymeI want to limp | senasharğa izleyseyou want to limp | olasharğa izleydihe wants to limp | bizasharğa izleybizwe want to limp | sizasharğa izleysizyou all want to limp | alaasharğa izleydilethey want to limp |
| want to | menasharğa izlemeymeI do not want to limp | senasharğa izlemeyseyou do not want to limp | olasharğa izlemeydihe does not want to limp | bizasharğa izlemeybizwe do not want to limp | sizasharğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to limp | alaasharğa izlemeydilethey do not want to limp |
| would like to | menasharğa süemeI would like to limp | senasharğa süeseyou would like to limp | olasharğa süedihe would like to limp | bizasharğa süebizwe would like to limp | sizasharğa süesizyou all would like to limp | alaasharğa süedilethey would like to limp |
| would like to | menasharğa süymeymeI would not like to limp | senasharğa süymeyseyou would not like to limp | olasharğa süymeydihe would not like to limp | bizasharğa süymeybizwe would not like to limp | sizasharğa süymeysizyou all would not like to limp | alaasharğa süymeydilethey would not like to limp |
| hope to | menasharğa umutlanamaI hope to limp | senasharğa umutlanasayou hope to limp | olasharğa umutlanadıhe hopes to limp | bizasharğa umutlanabızwe hope to limp | sizasharğa umutlanasızyou all hope to limp | alaasharğa umutlanadılathey hope to limp |
| hope to | menasharğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to limp | senasharğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to limp | olasharğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to limp | bizasharğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to limp | sizasharğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to limp | alaasharğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to limp |
| be about to | menasharğa deb turamaI am about to limp | senasharğa deb turasayou are about to limp | olasharğa deb turadıhe is about to limp | bizasharğa deb turabızwe are about to limp | sizasharğa deb turasızyou all are about to limp | alaasharğa deb turadılathey are about to limp |
| be about to | menasharğa deb turmaymaI am not about to limp | senasharğa deb turmaysayou are not about to limp | olasharğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to limp | bizasharğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to limp | sizasharğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to limp | alaasharğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to limp |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menasharğa kerekmeI need to limp | senasharğa kerekseyou need to limp | olasharğa kerekdihe needs to limp | bizasharğa kerekbizwe need to limp | sizasharğa kereksizyou all need to limp | alaasharğa kerekdilethey need to limp |
| need to | menasharğa kerek tülmeI do not need to limp | senasharğa kerek tülseyou do not need to limp | olasharğa kerek tüldühe does not need to limp | bizasharğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to limp | sizasharğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to limp | alaasharğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to limp |
| have to | menmenŋe asharğa tüşediI have to limp | sensenŋe asharğa tüşediyou have to limp | olaŋa asharğa tüşedihe has to limp | bizbizge asharğa tüşediwe have to limp | sizsizge asharğa tüşediyou all have to limp | alaalağa asharğa tüşedithey have to limp |
| have to | menmenŋe asharğa tüşmeydiI do not have to limp | sensenŋe asharğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to limp | olaŋa asharğa tüşmeydihe does not have to limp | bizbizge asharğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to limp | sizsizge asharğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to limp | alaalağa asharğa tüşmeydithey do not have to limp |
| be obliged to | menasharğa borçlumaI am obliged to limp | senasharğa borçlusayou are obliged to limp | olasharğa borçluduhe is obliged to limp | bizasharğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to limp | sizasharğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to limp | alaasharğa borçludulathey are obliged to limp |
| be obliged to | menasharğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to limp | senasharğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to limp | olasharğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to limp | bizasharğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to limp | sizasharğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to limp | alaasharğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to limp |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menasharğa madarım bardıI have a way to limp | senasharğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to limp | olasharğa madarı bardıhe has a way to limp | bizasharğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to limp | sizasharğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to limp | alaasharğa madarları bardıthey have a way to limp |
| have a way to | menasharğa madarım joqduI have no way to limp | senasharğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to limp | olasharğa madarı joqduhe has no way to limp | bizasharğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to limp | sizasharğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to limp | alaasharğa madarları joqduthey have no way to limp |
| be free to | menasharğa erkinligim bardıI am free to limp | senasharğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to limp | olasharğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to limp | bizasharğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to limp | sizasharğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to limp | alaasharğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to limp |
| be free to | menasharğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to limp | senasharğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to limp | olasharğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to limp | bizasharğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to limp | sizasharğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to limp | alaasharğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to limp |
| be possible to | menmenŋe asharğa bolluqduit is possible for me to limp | sensenŋe asharğa bolluqduit is possible for you to limp | olaŋa asharğa bolluqduit is possible for him to limp | bizbizge asharğa bolluqduit is possible for us to limp | sizsizge asharğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to limp | alaalağa asharğa bolluqduit is possible for them to limp |
| be possible to | menmenŋe asharğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to limp | sensenŋe asharğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to limp | olaŋa asharğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to limp | bizbizge asharğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to limp | sizsizge asharğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to limp | alaalağa asharğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to limp |
| be ready to | menasharğa hazırmaI am ready to limp | senasharğa hazırsayou are ready to limp | olasharğa hazırdıhe is ready to limp | bizasharğa hazırbızwe are ready to limp | sizasharğa hazırsızyou all are ready to limp | alaasharğa hazırdılathey are ready to limp |
| be ready to | menasharğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to limp | senasharğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to limp | olasharğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to limp | bizasharğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to limp | sizasharğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to limp | alaasharğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to limp |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menasharğa küreşemeI am trying to limp | senasharğa küreşeseyou are trying to limp | olasharğa küreşedihe is trying to limp | bizasharğa küreşebizwe are trying to limp | sizasharğa küreşesizyou all are trying to limp | alaasharğa küreşedilethey are trying to limp |
| try to | menasharğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to limp | senasharğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to limp | olasharğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to limp | bizasharğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to limp | sizasharğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to limp | alaasharğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to limp |
| agree to | menasharğa unaymaI agree to limp | senasharğa unaysayou agree to limp | olasharğa unaydıhe agrees to limp | bizasharğa unaybızwe agree to limp | sizasharğa unaysızyou all agree to limp | alaasharğa unaydılathey agree to limp |
| agree to | menasharğa unamaymaI refuse to limp | senasharğa unamaysayou refuse to limp | olasharğa unamaydıhe refuses to limp | bizasharğa unamaybızwe refuse to limp | sizasharğa unamaysızyou all refuse to limp | alaasharğa unamaydılathey refuse to limp |
| hurry to | menasharğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to limp | senasharğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to limp | olasharğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to limp | bizasharğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to limp | sizasharğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to limp | alaasharğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to limp |
| hurry to | menasharğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to limp | senasharğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to limp | olasharğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to limp | bizasharğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to limp | sizasharğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to limp | alaasharğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to limp |
| be afraid to | menasharğa qorqamaI am afraid to limp | senasharğa qorqasayou are afraid to limp | olasharğa qorqadıhe is afraid to limp | bizasharğa qorqabızwe are afraid to limp | sizasharğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to limp | alaasharğa qorqadılathey are afraid to limp |
| be afraid to | menasharğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to limp | senasharğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to limp | olasharğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to limp | bizasharğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to limp | sizasharğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to limp | alaasharğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to limp |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menashay bolmazmaI can't be limping | senashay bolmazsayou can't be limping | olashay bolmazhe can't be limping | bizashay bolmazbızwe can't be limping | sizashay bolmazsızyou all can't be limping | alaashay bolmazlathey can't be limping |
| Inference, present — double negation | menashamay bolmazmaI must be limping (emphatic) | senashamay bolmazsayou must be limping (emphatic) | olashamay bolmazhe must be limping (emphatic) | bizashamay bolmazbızwe must be limping (emphatic) | sizashamay bolmazsızyou all must be limping (emphatic) | alaashamay bolmazlathey must be limping (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menashay turmasamif I don't keep limping | senashay turmasaŋif you don't keep limping | olashay turmasaif he doesn't keep limping | bizashay turmasaqif we don't keep limping | sizashay turmasağızif you all don't keep limping | alaashay turmasalaif they don't keep limping |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menashay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of limping | senashay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of limping | olashay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of limping | bizashay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of limping | sizashay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of limping | alaashay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of limping |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menashamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not limping (emphatic) | senashamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not limping (emphatic) | olashamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not limping (emphatic) | bizashamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not limping (emphatic) | sizashamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not limping (emphatic) | alaashamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not limping (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menashamay turamaI keep on not limping | senashamay turasayou keep on not limping | olashamay turadıhe keeps on not limping | bizashamay turabızwe keep on not limping | sizashamay turasızyou all keep on not limping | alaashamay turadılathey keep on not limping |
| Progressive — double negation | menashamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not limping | senashamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not limping | olashamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not limping | bizashamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not limping | sizashamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not limping | alaashamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not limping |
| Progressive — double negation | menashamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not limping? | senashamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not limping? | olashamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not limping? | bizashamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not limping? | sizashamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not limping? | alaashamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not limping? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menashağan bolmazmaI can't have limped | senashağan bolmazsayou can't have limped | olashağan bolmazhe can't have limped | bizashağan bolmazbızwe can't have limped | sizashağan bolmazsızyou all can't have limped | alaashağan bolmazlathey can't have limped |
| Inference — double negation | menashamağan bolmazmaI must have limped (emphatic) | senashamağan bolmazsayou must have limped (emphatic) | olashamağan bolmazhe must have limped (emphatic) | bizashamağan bolmazbızwe must have limped (emphatic) | sizashamağan bolmazsızyou all must have limped (emphatic) | alaashamağan bolmazlathey must have limped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menashağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had limped | senashağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had limped | olashağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had limped | bizashağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had limped | sizashağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had limped | alaashağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had limped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menashamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't limped | senashamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't limped | olashamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't limped | bizashamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't limped | sizashamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't limped | alaashamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't limped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menasharıq bolmazmaI can't be going to limp | senasharıq bolmazsayou can't be going to limp | olasharıq bolmazhe can't be going to limp | bizasharıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to limp | sizasharıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to limp | alaasharıq bolmazlathey can't be going to limp |
| Inference, future — double negation | menashamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to limp (emphatic) | senashamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to limp (emphatic) | olashamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to limp (emphatic) | bizashamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to limp (emphatic) | sizashamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to limp (emphatic) | alaashamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to limp (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menasharıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to limp | senasharıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to limp | olasharıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to limp | bizasharıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to limp | sizasharıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to limp | alaasharıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to limp |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menashamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to limp | senashamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to limp | olashamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to limp | bizashamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to limp | sizashamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to limp | alaashamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to limp |