akka
/akka/ · plural akkala
1. grandfather, grandpa, great-grandfather — In children's speech: akka kele 'grandpa is coming'.
- bizni akkabız — our grandfather
- akka qazan tüşüre — grandpa takes the cauldron off the fire
- törde olturğan akka — grandfather sitting in the place of honor
- akkanı alğışı balanı jolun jarıtır — grandfather's blessing will light the child's path
- akkağa namıs etgen jaş mahtaladı — a youth who shows respect to grandfather is praised
2. old man; grandpa, as a polite way to address an old man — Example: mukkur akkala olturadıla 'hunched old men are sitting'.
- bir akka keldi — an old man came
Expressions
- akkasın-bokkasın körgüztürge — give a dressing-down
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | akkathe grandfather | akkammy grandfather | akkaŋyour grandfather | akkasıhis grandfather | akkabızour grandfather | akkağızyou all's grandfather | akkalarıtheir grandfathers |
| Genitive | akkanıthe grandfather's | akkamımy grandfather's | akkaŋıyour grandfather's | akkasınıhis grandfather's | akkabıznıour grandfather's | akkağıznıyou all's grandfather's | akkalarınıtheir grandfathers' |
| Accusative | akkanıthe grandfather (as the object) | akkamımy grandfather (as the object) | akkaŋıyour grandfather (as the object) | akkasınhis grandfather (as the object) | akkabıznıour grandfather (as the object) | akkağıznıyou all's grandfather (as the object) | akkalarıntheir grandfathers (as the object) |
| Dative | akkağato the grandfather | akkamato my grandfather | akkaŋato your grandfather | akkasınato his grandfather | akkabızğato our grandfather | akkağızğato you all's grandfather | akkalarınato their grandfathers |
| Locative | akkadain / at the grandfather | akkamdain / at my grandfather | akkaŋdain / at your grandfather | akkasındain / at his grandfather | akkabızdain / at our grandfather | akkağızdain / at you all's grandfather | akkalarındain / at their grandfathers |
| Ablative | akkadanfrom the grandfather | akkamdanfrom my grandfather | akkaŋdanfrom your grandfather | akkasındanfrom his grandfather | akkabızdanfrom our grandfather | akkağızdanfrom you all's grandfather | akkalarındanfrom their grandfathers |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | akkalathe grandfathers | akkalarımmy grandfathers | akkalarıŋyour grandfathers | akkalarıhis grandfathers | akkalarıbızour grandfathers | akkalarığızyou all's grandfathers | akkalarıtheir grandfathers |
| Genitive | akkalanıthe grandfathers' | akkalarımımy grandfathers' | akkalarıŋıyour grandfathers' | akkalarınıhis grandfathers' | akkalarıbıznıour grandfathers' | akkalarığıznıyou all's grandfathers' | akkalarınıtheir grandfathers' |
| Accusative | akkalanıthe grandfathers (as the object) | akkalarımımy grandfathers (as the object) | akkalarıŋıyour grandfathers (as the object) | akkalarınhis grandfathers (as the object) | akkalarıbıznıour grandfathers (as the object) | akkalarığıznıyou all's grandfathers (as the object) | akkalarıntheir grandfathers (as the object) |
| Dative | akkalağato the grandfathers | akkalarımato my grandfathers | akkalarıŋato your grandfathers | akkalarınato his grandfathers | akkalarıbızğato our grandfathers | akkalarığızğato you all's grandfathers | akkalarınato their grandfathers |
| Locative | akkaladain / at the grandfathers | akkalarımdain / at my grandfathers | akkalarıŋdain / at your grandfathers | akkalarındain / at his grandfathers | akkalarıbızdain / at our grandfathers | akkalarığızdain / at you all's grandfathers | akkalarındain / at their grandfathers |
| Ablative | akkaladanfrom the grandfathers | akkalarımdanfrom my grandfathers | akkalarıŋdanfrom your grandfathers | akkalarındanfrom his grandfathers | akkalarıbızdanfrom our grandfathers | akkalarığızdanfrom you all's grandfathers | akkalarındanfrom their grandfathers |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: akkaları can mean "his / her grandfathers", "their grandfather", or "their grandfathers" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | akkanıqıthe grandfather's one | akkanıqılathe grandfather's ones | akkalanıqıthe grandfathers' one | akkalanıqılathe grandfathers' ones |
| Genitive | akkanıqınıof the grandfather's one | akkanıqılanıof the grandfather's ones | akkalanıqınıof the grandfathers' one | akkalanıqılanıof the grandfathers' ones |
| Accusative | akkanıqınthe grandfather's one (as the object) | akkanıqılanıthe grandfather's ones (as the object) | akkalanıqınthe grandfathers' one (as the object) | akkalanıqılanıthe grandfathers' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | akkanıqınato the grandfather's one | akkanıqılağato the grandfather's ones | akkalanıqınato the grandfathers' one | akkalanıqılağato the grandfathers' ones |
| Locative | akkanıqındain / at the grandfather's one | akkanıqıladain / at the grandfather's ones | akkalanıqındain / at the grandfathers' one | akkalanıqıladain / at the grandfathers' ones |
| Ablative | akkanıqındanfrom the grandfather's one | akkanıqıladanfrom the grandfather's ones | akkalanıqındanfrom the grandfathers' one | akkalanıqıladanfrom the grandfathers' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.