abrek / abirek
/abrek/, /abirek/ · plural abrekle
1. abrek, a Caucasian mountain outlaw; robber, raider — An abrek left his home for the forest or the mountains and lived outside the law, often to escape punishment, raiding, or fighting the tsarist troops during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. Before another noun it means of abreks, an abrek's.
- kişige boy bermewçü abrekni — the abrek who submits to no one
- abrekle ağaçha ketgendile — the abreks have gone into the forest
- ol abreklege qoşuladı — he joins the abreks
- ol biyağı abrekni qutharğanbız — we have saved that same abrek
- abrekle bla Terekni arı janına — with the abreks to the far side of the Terek
- tawğa abrek ketib — having gone to the mountains as an abrek
2. an offended person; a person who leaves home, often after taking offense, and stays away for a long time — Common in abrek ierge to offend someone and abrek keterge to take offense at someone.
- abrek keterge — to take offense
- abrek ierge — to offend
- ol menŋe abrek ketgendi — he took offense at me
- üyünden abrek ketgen bolamıdı — does anyone leave home in offense
- bu abrek ketgen qılığıŋı — this habit of yours of taking offense
- abrek ketgenden başha madar — a way other than going away in offense
Expressions
- abrekge çığarğa — become an outlaw
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | abrekthe abrek | abregimmy abrek | abregiŋyour abrek | abregihis abrek | abregibizour abrek | abregigizyou all's abrek | abrekleritheir abreks |
| Genitive | abreknithe abrek's | abregimimy abrek's | abregiŋiyour abrek's | abreginihis abrek's | abregibizniour abrek's | abregigizniyou all's abrek's | abreklerinitheir abreks' |
| Accusative | abreknithe abrek (as the object) | abregimimy abrek (as the object) | abregiŋiyour abrek (as the object) | abreginhis abrek (as the object) | abregibizniour abrek (as the object) | abregigizniyou all's abrek (as the object) | abreklerintheir abreks (as the object) |
| Dative | abrekgeto the abrek | abregimeto my abrek | abregiŋeto your abrek | abregineto his abrek | abregibizgeto our abrek | abregigizgeto you all's abrek | abreklerineto their abreks |
| Locative | abrekdein / at the abrek | abregimdein / at my abrek | abregiŋdein / at your abrek | abregindein / at his abrek | abregibizdein / at our abrek | abregigizdein / at you all's abrek | abreklerindein / at their abreks |
| Ablative | abrekdenfrom the abrek | abregimdenfrom my abrek | abregiŋdenfrom your abrek | abregindenfrom his abrek | abregibizdenfrom our abrek | abregigizdenfrom you all's abrek | abreklerindenfrom their abreks |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | abreklethe abreks | abreklerimmy abreks | abrekleriŋyour abreks | abreklerihis abreks | abrekleribizour abreks | abreklerigizyou all's abreks | abrekleritheir abreks |
| Genitive | abreklenithe abreks' | abreklerimimy abreks' | abrekleriŋiyour abreks' | abreklerinihis abreks' | abrekleribizniour abreks' | abreklerigizniyou all's abreks' | abreklerinitheir abreks' |
| Accusative | abreklenithe abreks (as the object) | abreklerimimy abreks (as the object) | abrekleriŋiyour abreks (as the object) | abreklerinhis abreks (as the object) | abrekleribizniour abreks (as the object) | abreklerigizniyou all's abreks (as the object) | abreklerintheir abreks (as the object) |
| Dative | abreklegeto the abreks | abreklerimeto my abreks | abrekleriŋeto your abreks | abreklerineto his abreks | abrekleribizgeto our abreks | abreklerigizgeto you all's abreks | abreklerineto their abreks |
| Locative | abrekledein / at the abreks | abreklerimdein / at my abreks | abrekleriŋdein / at your abreks | abreklerindein / at his abreks | abrekleribizdein / at our abreks | abreklerigizdein / at you all's abreks | abreklerindein / at their abreks |
| Ablative | abrekledenfrom the abreks | abreklerimdenfrom my abreks | abrekleriŋdenfrom your abreks | abreklerindenfrom his abreks | abrekleribizdenfrom our abreks | abreklerigizdenfrom you all's abreks | abreklerindenfrom their abreks |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: abrekleri can mean "his / her abreks", "their abrek", or "their abreks" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | abreknikithe abrek's one | abreknikilethe abrek's ones | abreklenikithe abreks' one | abreklenikilethe abreks' ones |
| Genitive | abreknikiniof the abrek's one | abreknikileniof the abrek's ones | abreklenikiniof the abreks' one | abreklenikileniof the abreks' ones |
| Accusative | abreknikinthe abrek's one (as the object) | abreknikilenithe abrek's ones (as the object) | abreklenikinthe abreks' one (as the object) | abreklenikilenithe abreks' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | abreknikineto the abrek's one | abreknikilegeto the abrek's ones | abreklenikineto the abreks' one | abreklenikilegeto the abreks' ones |
| Locative | abreknikindein / at the abrek's one | abreknikiledein / at the abrek's ones | abreklenikindein / at the abreks' one | abreklenikiledein / at the abreks' ones |
| Ablative | abreknikindenfrom the abrek's one | abreknikiledenfrom the abrek's ones | abreklenikindenfrom the abreks' one | abreklenikiledenfrom the abreks' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.