açınırğa
/atʃɯnɯrʁa/
grieve for someone, feel for someone, feel compassion, sympathize — Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it Karachay. Close in meaning to jazıqsınırğa "pity".
- ol bek açındı — he grieved deeply
- biz da açınabız — we too feel compassion
- anam açınıb jılaydı — my mother weeps in grief
Conjugation
Common forms
- açınadıhe is grieving
- açındıhe grieved
- açınŋandıhe has grieved
- açınırhe will grieve
- açınnıqdıhe is going to grieve
- açına edihe was grieving
- açınsaif he grieves
- açın!grieve!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaçınamaI am grieving | senaçınasayou are grieving | olaçınadıhe is grieving | bizaçınabızwe are grieving | sizaçınasızyou all are grieving | alaaçınadılathey are grieving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaçınmaymaI am not grieving | senaçınmaysayou are not grieving | olaçınmaydıhe is not grieving | bizaçınmaybızwe are not grieving | sizaçınmaysızyou all are not grieving | alaaçınmaydılathey are not grieving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaçınamamı? açınamıma?am I grieving? | senaçınamısa?are you grieving? | olaçınamıdı?is he grieving? | bizaçınabızmı? açınamıbız?are we grieving? | sizaçınamısız?are you all grieving? | alaaçınamıdıla?are they grieving? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaçınmaymamı? açınmaymıma?aren't I grieving? | senaçınmaymısa?aren't you grieving? | olaçınmaymıdı?isn't he grieving? | bizaçınmaybızmı? açınmaymıbız?aren't we grieving? | sizaçınmaymısız?aren't you all grieving? | alaaçınmaymıdıla?aren't they grieving? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaçınıwçanmaI usually grieve | senaçınıwçansayou usually grieve | olaçınıwçandıhe usually grieves | bizaçınıwçanbızwe usually grieve | sizaçınıwçansızyou all usually grieve | alaaçınıwçandılathey usually grieve |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaçınmawçanmaI usually don't grieve | senaçınmawçansayou usually don't grieve | olaçınmawçandıhe usually doesn't grieve | bizaçınmawçanbızwe usually don't grieve | sizaçınmawçansızyou all usually don't grieve | alaaçınmawçandılathey usually don't grieve |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaçınıwçanmamı? açınıwçanmıma?do I usually grieve? | senaçınıwçanmısa?do you usually grieve? | olaçınıwçanmıdı?does he usually grieve? | bizaçınıwçanbızmı? açınıwçanmıbız?do we usually grieve? | sizaçınıwçanmısız?do you all usually grieve? | alaaçınıwçanmıdıla?do they usually grieve? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaçınmawçanmamı? açınmawçanmıma?do I usually not grieve? | senaçınmawçanmısa?do you usually not grieve? | olaçınmawçanmıdı?does he usually not grieve? | bizaçınmawçanbızmı? açınmawçanmıbız?do we usually not grieve? | sizaçınmawçanmısız?do you all usually not grieve? | alaaçınmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not grieve? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaçınıbdıhe has grieved and remains so | alaaçınıbdılathey have grieved and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaçınıbmıdı?has he grieved? | alaaçınıbmıdıla?have they grieved? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaçınıb turamaI keep grieving | senaçınıb turasayou keep grieving | olaçınıb turadıhe keeps grieving | bizaçınıb turabızwe keep grieving | sizaçınıb turasızyou all keep grieving | alaaçınıb turadılathey keep grieving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaçınıb turmaymaI don't keep grieving | senaçınıb turmaysayou don't keep grieving | olaçınıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep grieving | bizaçınıb turmaybızwe don't keep grieving | sizaçınıb turmaysızyou all don't keep grieving | alaaçınıb turmaydılathey don't keep grieving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaçınıb turamamı? açınıb turamıma?do I keep grieving? | senaçınıb turamısa?do you keep grieving? | olaçınıb turamıdı?does he keep grieving? | bizaçınıb turabızmı? açınıb turamıbız?do we keep grieving? | sizaçınıb turamısız?do you all keep grieving? | alaaçınıb turamıdıla?do they keep grieving? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaçınıb turmaymamı? açınıb turmaymıma?don't I keep grieving? | senaçınıb turmaymısa?don't you keep grieving? | olaçınıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep grieving? | bizaçınıb turmaybızmı? açınıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep grieving? | sizaçınıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep grieving? | alaaçınıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep grieving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaçına turamaI am in the middle of grieving | senaçına turasayou are in the middle of grieving | olaçına turadıhe is in the middle of grieving | bizaçına turabızwe are in the middle of grieving | sizaçına turasızyou all are in the middle of grieving | alaaçına turadılathey are in the middle of grieving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaçına turmaymaI am not in the middle of grieving | senaçına turmaysayou are not in the middle of grieving | olaçına turmaydıhe is not in the middle of grieving | bizaçına turmaybızwe are not in the middle of grieving | sizaçına turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of grieving | alaaçına turmaydılathey are not in the middle of grieving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaçına turamamı? açına turamıma?am I in the middle of grieving? | senaçına turamısa?are you in the middle of grieving? | olaçına turamıdı?is he in the middle of grieving? | bizaçına turabızmı? açına turamıbız?are we in the middle of grieving? | sizaçına turamısız?are you all in the middle of grieving? | alaaçına turamıdıla?are they in the middle of grieving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaçına turmaymamı? açına turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of grieving? | senaçına turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of grieving? | olaçına turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of grieving? | bizaçına turmaybızmı? açına turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of grieving? | sizaçına turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of grieving? | alaaçına turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of grieving? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaçındımI grieved | senaçındıŋyou grieved | olaçındıhe grieved | bizaçındıqwe grieved | sizaçındığızyou all grieved | alaaçındılathey grieved |
| Simple past (definite) | menaçınmadımI didn't grieve | senaçınmadıŋyou didn't grieve | olaçınmadıhe didn't grieve | bizaçınmadıqwe didn't grieve | sizaçınmadığızyou all didn't grieve | alaaçınmadılathey didn't grieve |
| Simple past (definite) | menaçındımmı?did I grieve? | senaçındıŋmı?did you grieve? | olaçındımı?did he grieve? | bizaçındıqmı?did we grieve? | sizaçındığızmı?did you all grieve? | alaaçındılamı?did they grieve? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaçınmadımmı?didn't I grieve? | senaçınmadıŋmı?didn't you grieve? | olaçınmadımı?didn't he grieve? | bizaçınmadıqmı?didn't we grieve? | sizaçınmadığızmı?didn't you all grieve? | alaaçınmadılamı?didn't they grieve? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaçınŋanmaI have grieved | senaçınŋansayou have grieved | olaçınŋandıhe has grieved | bizaçınŋanbızwe have grieved | sizaçınŋansızyou all have grieved | alaaçınŋandılathey have grieved |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaçınmağanmaI haven't grieved | senaçınmağansayou haven't grieved | olaçınmağandıhe hasn't grieved | bizaçınmağanbızwe haven't grieved | sizaçınmağansızyou all haven't grieved | alaaçınmağandılathey haven't grieved |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaçınŋanmamı? açınŋanmıma?have I grieved? | senaçınŋanmısa?have you grieved? | olaçınŋanmıdı?has he grieved? | bizaçınŋanbızmı? açınŋanmıbız?have we grieved? | sizaçınŋanmısız?have you all grieved? | alaaçınŋanmıdıla?have they grieved? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaçınmağanmamı? açınmağanmıma?haven't I grieved? | senaçınmağanmısa?haven't you grieved? | olaçınmağanmıdı?hasn't he grieved? | bizaçınmağanbızmı? açınmağanmıbız?haven't we grieved? | sizaçınmağanmısız?haven't you all grieved? | alaaçınmağanmıdıla?haven't they grieved? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menaçınıb turdumI kept grieving | senaçınıb turduŋyou kept grieving | olaçınıb turduhe kept grieving | bizaçınıb turduqwe kept grieving | sizaçınıb turduğuzyou all kept grieving | alaaçınıb turdulathey kept grieving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menaçınıb turmadımI didn't keep grieving | senaçınıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep grieving | olaçınıb turmadıhe didn't keep grieving | bizaçınıb turmadıqwe didn't keep grieving | sizaçınıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep grieving | alaaçınıb turmadılathey didn't keep grieving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaçınırmaI will grieve | senaçınırsayou will grieve | olaçınırhe will grieve | bizaçınırbızwe will grieve | sizaçınırsızyou all will grieve | alaaçınırlathey will grieve |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaçınmazmaI won't grieve | senaçınmazsayou won't grieve | olaçınmazhe won't grieve | bizaçınmazbızwe won't grieve | sizaçınmazsızyou all won't grieve | alaaçınmazlathey won't grieve |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaçınırmamı? açınırmıma?will I grieve? | senaçınırmısa?will you grieve? | olaçınırmı?will he grieve? | bizaçınırbızmı? açınırmıbız?will we grieve? | sizaçınırmısız?will you all grieve? | alaaçınırlamı? açınırmıla?will they grieve? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaçınmazmamı? açınmazmıma?won't I grieve? | senaçınmazmısa?won't you grieve? | olaçınmazmı?won't he grieve? | bizaçınmazbızmı? açınmazmıbız?won't we grieve? | sizaçınmazmısız?won't you all grieve? | alaaçınmazlamı? açınmazmıla?won't they grieve? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaçınnıqma1açınırıqmaI am going to grieve | senaçınnıqsa1açınırıqsayou are going to grieve | olaçınnıqdı1açınırıqdıhe is going to grieve | bizaçınnıqbız1açınırıqbızwe are going to grieve | sizaçınnıqsız1açınırıqsızyou all are going to grieve | alaaçınnıqdıla1açınırıqdılathey are going to grieve |
| Definite future (future II) | menaçınnıq tülme1açınırıq tülmeI am not going to grieve | senaçınnıq tülse1açınırıq tülseyou are not going to grieve | olaçınnıq tüldü1açınırıq tüldühe is not going to grieve | bizaçınnıq tülbüz1açınırıq tülbüzwe are not going to grieve | sizaçınnıq tülsüz1açınırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to grieve | alaaçınnıq tüldüle1açınırıq tüldülethey are not going to grieve |
| Definite future (future II) | menaçınnıqmamı?1 açınnıqmıma?açınırıqmamı?am I going to grieve? | senaçınnıqmısa?1açınırıqmısa?are you going to grieve? | olaçınnıqmıdı?1açınırıqmıdı?is he going to grieve? | bizaçınnıqbızmı?1 açınnıqmıbız?açınırıqbızmı?are we going to grieve? | sizaçınnıqmısız?1açınırıqmısız?are you all going to grieve? | alaaçınnıqmıdıla?1açınırıqmıdıla?are they going to grieve? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaçınnıq tülmüme?1açınırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to grieve? | senaçınnıq tülmüse?1açınırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to grieve? | olaçınnıq tülmüdü?1açınırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to grieve? | bizaçınnıq tülmübüz?1açınırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to grieve? | sizaçınnıq tülmüsüz?1açınırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to grieve? | alaaçınnıq tülmüdüle?1açınırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to grieve? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so açınırıqdı
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaçınŋan edimaçınŋanemI had grieved | senaçınŋan ediŋaçınŋaneŋyou had grieved | olaçınŋan ediaçınŋanedhe had grieved | bizaçınŋan edikaçınŋanekwe had grieved | sizaçınŋan edigizaçınŋanegizyou all had grieved | alaaçınŋan edileaçınŋanellethey had grieved |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaçınmağan edimaçınmağanemI hadn't grieved | senaçınmağan ediŋaçınmağaneŋyou hadn't grieved | olaçınmağan ediaçınmağanedhe hadn't grieved | bizaçınmağan edikaçınmağanekwe hadn't grieved | sizaçınmağan edigizaçınmağanegizyou all hadn't grieved | alaaçınmağan edileaçınmağanellethey hadn't grieved |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menaçına edimaçınaemI was grieving | senaçına ediŋaçınaeŋyou were grieving | olaçına ediaçınaedhe was grieving | bizaçına edikaçınaekwe were grieving | sizaçına edigizaçınaegizyou all were grieving | alaaçına edileaçınaellethey were grieving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menaçınmay edimaçınmayemI wasn't grieving | senaçınmay ediŋaçınmayeŋyou weren't grieving | olaçınmay ediaçınmayedhe wasn't grieving | bizaçınmay edikaçınmayekwe weren't grieving | sizaçınmay edigizaçınmayegizyou all weren't grieving | alaaçınmay edileaçınmayellethey weren't grieving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menaçınıwçan edimaçınıwçanemI used to grieve | senaçınıwçan ediŋaçınıwçaneŋyou used to grieve | olaçınıwçan ediaçınıwçanedhe used to grieve | bizaçınıwçan edikaçınıwçanekwe used to grieve | sizaçınıwçan edigizaçınıwçanegizyou all used to grieve | alaaçınıwçan edileaçınıwçanellethey used to grieve |
| Habitual past (used to) | menaçınmawçan edimaçınmawçanemI didn't use to grieve | senaçınmawçan ediŋaçınmawçaneŋyou didn't use to grieve | olaçınmawçan ediaçınmawçanedhe didn't use to grieve | bizaçınmawçan edikaçınmawçanekwe didn't use to grieve | sizaçınmawçan edigizaçınmawçanegizyou all didn't use to grieve | alaaçınmawçan edileaçınmawçanellethey didn't use to grieve |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaçınıb edihe had grieved and remained so | alaaçınıb edilethey had grieved and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaçınıb tül edihe hadn't grieved | alaaçınıb tül edilethey hadn't grieved | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menaçınıb tura edimaçınıb turaemI had kept grieving | senaçınıb tura ediŋaçınıb turaeŋyou had kept grieving | olaçınıb tura ediaçınıb turaedhe had kept grieving | bizaçınıb tura edikaçınıb turaekwe had kept grieving | sizaçınıb tura edigizaçınıb turaegizyou all had kept grieving | alaaçınıb tura edileaçınıb turaellethey had kept grieving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menaçınıb turmay edimaçınıb turmayemI hadn't kept grieving | senaçınıb turmay ediŋaçınıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept grieving | olaçınıb turmay ediaçınıb turmayedhe hadn't kept grieving | bizaçınıb turmay edikaçınıb turmayekwe hadn't kept grieving | sizaçınıb turmay edigizaçınıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept grieving | alaaçınıb turmay edileaçınıb turmayellethey hadn't kept grieving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menaçına tura edimaçına turaemI was in the middle of grieving | senaçına tura ediŋaçına turaeŋyou were in the middle of grieving | olaçına tura ediaçına turaedhe was in the middle of grieving | bizaçına tura edikaçına turaekwe were in the middle of grieving | sizaçına tura edigizaçına turaegizyou all were in the middle of grieving | alaaçına tura edileaçına turaellethey were in the middle of grieving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menaçına turmay edimaçına turmayemI wasn't in the middle of grieving | senaçına turmay ediŋaçına turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of grieving | olaçına turmay ediaçına turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of grieving | bizaçına turmay edikaçına turmayekwe weren't in the middle of grieving | sizaçına turmay edigizaçına turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of grieving | alaaçına turmay edileaçına turmayellethey weren't in the middle of grieving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menaçınır edimaçınır emI would grieve | senaçınır ediŋaçınır eŋyou would grieve | olaçınır ediaçınır edhe would grieve | bizaçınır edikaçınır ekwe would grieve | sizaçınır edigizaçınır egizyou all would grieve | alaaçınır edileaçınır ellethey would grieve |
| Conditional result (would) | menaçınmaz edimaçınmaz emI wouldn't grieve | senaçınmaz ediŋaçınmaz eŋyou wouldn't grieve | olaçınmaz ediaçınmaz edhe wouldn't grieve | bizaçınmaz edikaçınmaz ekwe wouldn't grieve | sizaçınmaz edigizaçınmaz egizyou all wouldn't grieve | alaaçınmaz edileaçınmaz ellethey wouldn't grieve |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaçınnıq edim2açınnıq emaçınırıq edimI would have grieved | senaçınnıq ediŋ2açınnıq eŋaçınırıq ediŋyou would have grieved | olaçınnıq edi2açınnıq edaçınırıq edihe would have grieved | bizaçınnıq edik2açınnıq ekaçınırıq edikwe would have grieved | sizaçınnıq edigiz2açınnıq egizaçınırıq edigizyou all would have grieved | alaaçınnıq edile2açınnıq elleaçınırıq edilethey would have grieved |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaçınnıq tül edim2açınnıq tül emaçınırıq tül edimI wouldn't have grieved | senaçınnıq tül ediŋ2açınnıq tül eŋaçınırıq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have grieved | olaçınnıq tül edi2açınnıq tül edaçınırıq tül edihe wouldn't have grieved | bizaçınnıq tül edik2açınnıq tül ekaçınırıq tül edikwe wouldn't have grieved | sizaçınnıq tül edigiz2açınnıq tül egizaçınırıq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have grieved | alaaçınnıq tül edile2açınnıq tül elleaçınırıq tül edilethey wouldn't have grieved |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so açınırıq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menaçınsamif I grieve | senaçınsaŋif you grieve | olaçınsaif he grieves | bizaçınsaqif we grieve | sizaçınsağızif you all grieve | alaaçınsalaif they grieve |
| Conditional | menaçınmasamif I don't grieve | senaçınmasaŋif you don't grieve | olaçınmasaif he doesn't grieve | bizaçınmasaqif we don't grieve | sizaçınmasağızif you all don't grieve | alaaçınmasalaif they don't grieve |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menaçına esemif I am grieving | senaçına eseŋif you are grieving | olaçına eseif he is grieving | bizaçına esekif we are grieving | sizaçına esegizif you all are grieving | alaaçına eseleif they are grieving |
| Conditional, present real | menaçınmay esemif I am not grieving | senaçınmay eseŋif you are not grieving | olaçınmay eseif he is not grieving | bizaçınmay esekif we are not grieving | sizaçınmay esegizif you all are not grieving | alaaçınmay eseleif they are not grieving |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaçınsam ediaçınsam edif only I grieved | senaçınsaŋ ediaçınsaŋ edif only you grieved | olaçınsa ediaçınsaedif only he grieved | bizaçınsaq ediaçınsaq edif only we grieved | sizaçınsağız ediaçınsağız edif only you all grieved | alaaçınsala ediaçınsalaedif only they grieved |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaçınmasam ediaçınmasam edif only I didn't grieve | senaçınmasaŋ ediaçınmasaŋ edif only you didn't grieve | olaçınmasa ediaçınmasaedif only he didn't grieve | bizaçınmasaq ediaçınmasaq edif only we didn't grieve | sizaçınmasağız ediaçınmasağız edif only you all didn't grieve | alaaçınmasala ediaçınmasalaedif only they didn't grieve |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menaçınıb tursamif I carry on grieving | senaçınıb tursaŋif you carry on grieving | olaçınıb tursaif he carries on grieving | bizaçınıb tursaqif we carry on grieving | sizaçınıb tursağızif you all carry on grieving | alaaçınıb tursalaif they carry on grieving |
| Durative conditional | menaçınıb turmasamif I don't carry on grieving | senaçınıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on grieving | olaçınıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on grieving | bizaçınıb turmasaqif we don't carry on grieving | sizaçınıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on grieving | alaaçınıb turmasalaif they don't carry on grieving |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menaçınıb tura esemif I have kept grieving | senaçınıb tura eseŋif you have kept grieving | olaçınıb tura eseif he has kept grieving | bizaçınıb tura esekif we have kept grieving | sizaçınıb tura esegizif you all have kept grieving | alaaçınıb tura eseleif they have kept grieving |
| Durative conditional, present real | menaçınıb turmay esemif I haven't kept grieving | senaçınıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept grieving | olaçınıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept grieving | bizaçınıb turmay esekif we haven't kept grieving | sizaçınıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept grieving | alaaçınıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept grieving |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menaçına tursamif I keep grieving | senaçına tursaŋif you keep grieving | olaçına tursaif he keeps grieving | bizaçına tursaqif we keep grieving | sizaçına tursağızif you all keep grieving | alaaçına tursalaif they keep grieving |
| Progressive conditional | menaçınmay tursamif I keep on not grieving | senaçınmay tursaŋif you keep on not grieving | olaçınmay tursaif he keeps on not grieving | bizaçınmay tursaqif we keep on not grieving | sizaçınmay tursağızif you all keep on not grieving | alaaçınmay tursalaif they keep on not grieving |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menaçına tura esemif I am in the middle of grieving | senaçına tura eseŋif you are in the middle of grieving | olaçına tura eseif he is in the middle of grieving | bizaçına tura esekif we are in the middle of grieving | sizaçına tura esegizif you all are in the middle of grieving | alaaçına tura eseleif they are in the middle of grieving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menaçınmay tura esemif I keep on not grieving | senaçınmay tura eseŋif you keep on not grieving | olaçınmay tura eseif he keeps on not grieving | bizaçınmay tura esekif we keep on not grieving | sizaçınmay tura esegizif you all keep on not grieving | alaaçınmay tura eseleif they keep on not grieving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menaçındım esemif I grieved | senaçındıŋ eseŋif you grieved | olaçındı eseif he grieved | bizaçındıq esekif we grieved | sizaçındığız esegizif you all grieved | alaaçındıla eseleif they grieved |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menaçınmadım esemif I didn't grieve | senaçınmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't grieve | olaçınmadı eseif he didn't grieve | bizaçınmadıq esekif we didn't grieve | sizaçınmadığız esegizif you all didn't grieve | alaaçınmadıla eseleif they didn't grieve |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menaçınŋan esemif I did grieve (indeed) | senaçınŋan eseŋif you did grieve (indeed) | olaçınŋan eseif he did grieve (indeed) | bizaçınŋan esekif we did grieve (indeed) | sizaçınŋan esegizif you all did grieve (indeed) | alaaçınŋan eseleif they did grieve (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menaçınmağan esemif I didn't grieve (indeed) | senaçınmağan eseŋif you didn't grieve (indeed) | olaçınmağan eseif he didn't grieve (indeed) | bizaçınmağan esekif we didn't grieve (indeed) | sizaçınmağan esegizif you all didn't grieve (indeed) | alaaçınmağan eseleif they didn't grieve (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaçınŋan bolsamif I had grieved | senaçınŋan bolsaŋif you had grieved | olaçınŋan bolsaif he had grieved | bizaçınŋan bolsaqif we had grieved | sizaçınŋan bolsağızif you all had grieved | alaaçınŋan bolsalaif they had grieved |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaçınmağan bolsamif I hadn't grieved | senaçınmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't grieved | olaçınmağan bolsaif he hadn't grieved | bizaçınmağan bolsaqif we hadn't grieved | sizaçınmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't grieved | alaaçınmağan bolsalaif they hadn't grieved |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaçınŋan bolsam ediaçınŋan bolsam edif only I had grieved | senaçınŋan bolsaŋ ediaçınŋan bolsaŋ edif only you had grieved | olaçınŋan bolsa ediaçınŋan bolsaedif only he had grieved | bizaçınŋan bolsaq ediaçınŋan bolsaq edif only we had grieved | sizaçınŋan bolsağız ediaçınŋan bolsağız edif only you all had grieved | alaaçınŋan bolsala ediaçınŋan bolsalaedif only they had grieved |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaçınmağan bolsam ediaçınmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't grieved | senaçınmağan bolsaŋ ediaçınmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't grieved | olaçınmağan bolsa ediaçınmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't grieved | bizaçınmağan bolsaq ediaçınmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't grieved | sizaçınmağan bolsağız ediaçınmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't grieved | alaaçınmağan bolsala ediaçınmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't grieved |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menaçınır esemif I will grieve | senaçınır eseŋif you will grieve | olaçınır eseif he will grieve | bizaçınır esekif we will grieve | sizaçınır esegizif you all will grieve | alaaçınır eseleif they will grieve |
| Conditional, aorist | menaçınmaz esemif I won't grieve | senaçınmaz eseŋif you won't grieve | olaçınmaz eseif he won't grieve | bizaçınmaz esekif we won't grieve | sizaçınmaz esegizif you all won't grieve | alaaçınmaz eseleif they won't grieve |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menaçınnıq esem4açınırıq esemif I am going to grieve | senaçınnıq eseŋ4açınırıq eseŋif you are going to grieve | olaçınnıq ese4açınırıq eseif he is going to grieve | bizaçınnıq esek4açınırıq esekif we are going to grieve | sizaçınnıq esegiz4açınırıq esegizif you all are going to grieve | alaaçınnıq esele4açınırıq eseleif they are going to grieve |
| Conditional, future | menaçınnıq tül esem4açınırıq tül esemif I am not going to grieve | senaçınnıq tül eseŋ4açınırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to grieve | olaçınnıq tül ese4açınırıq tül eseif he is not going to grieve | bizaçınnıq tül esek4açınırıq tül esekif we are not going to grieve | sizaçınnıq tül esegiz4açınırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to grieve | alaaçınnıq tül esele4açınırıq tül eseleif they are not going to grieve |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaçınnıq bolsam5açınırıq bolsamif I were going to grieve | senaçınnıq bolsaŋ5açınırıq bolsaŋif you were going to grieve | olaçınnıq bolsa5açınırıq bolsaif he were going to grieve | bizaçınnıq bolsaq5açınırıq bolsaqif we were going to grieve | sizaçınnıq bolsağız5açınırıq bolsağızif you all were going to grieve | alaaçınnıq bolsala5açınırıq bolsalaif they were going to grieve |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaçınmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to grieve | senaçınmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to grieve | olaçınmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to grieve | bizaçınmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to grieve | sizaçınmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to grieve | alaaçınmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to grieve |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso açındıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so açınırıq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so açınırıq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menaçına bolurmaI must be grieving | senaçına bolursayou must be grieving | olaçına bolurhe must be grieving | bizaçına bolurbuzwe must be grieving | sizaçına bolursuzyou all must be grieving | alaaçına bolurlathey must be grieving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menaçınmay bolurmaI must not be grieving | senaçınmay bolursayou must not be grieving | olaçınmay bolurhe must not be grieving | bizaçınmay bolurbuzwe must not be grieving | sizaçınmay bolursuzyou all must not be grieving | alaaçınmay bolurlathey must not be grieving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menaçına tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of grieving | senaçına tura bolursayou must be in the middle of grieving | olaçına tura bolurhe must be in the middle of grieving | bizaçına tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of grieving | sizaçına tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of grieving | alaaçına tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of grieving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menaçınmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not grieving | senaçınmay tura bolursayou must keep on not grieving | olaçınmay tura bolurhe must keep on not grieving | bizaçınmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not grieving | sizaçınmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not grieving | alaaçınmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not grieving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menaçınŋan bolurmaI must have grieved | senaçınŋan bolursayou must have grieved | olaçınŋan bolurhe must have grieved | bizaçınŋan bolurbuzwe must have grieved | sizaçınŋan bolursuzyou all must have grieved | alaaçınŋan bolurlathey must have grieved |
| Inference (must have) | menaçınmağan bolurmaI must not have grieved | senaçınmağan bolursayou must not have grieved | olaçınmağan bolurhe must not have grieved | bizaçınmağan bolurbuzwe must not have grieved | sizaçınmağan bolursuzyou all must not have grieved | alaaçınmağan bolurlathey must not have grieved |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaçınnıq bolurma6açınırıq bolurmaI must be going to grieve | senaçınnıq bolursa6açınırıq bolursayou must be going to grieve | olaçınnıq bolur6açınırıq bolurhe must be going to grieve | bizaçınnıq bolurbuz6açınırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to grieve | sizaçınnıq bolursuz6açınırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to grieve | alaaçınnıq bolurla6açınırıq bolurlathey must be going to grieve |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaçınmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to grieve | senaçınmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to grieve | olaçınmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to grieve | bizaçınmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to grieve | sizaçınmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to grieve | alaaçınmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to grieve |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so açınırıq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menaçınayımlet me grieve | senaçın!grieve! | olaçınsınlet him grieve | bizaçınayıqlet's grieve | sizaçınığız!grieve, you all! | alaaçınsınlalet them grieve |
| Commands & suggestions | menaçınmayımlet me not grieve | senaçınma!don't grieve! | olaçınmasınlet him not grieve | bizaçınmayıqlet's not grieve | sizaçınmağız!don't grieve, you all! | alaaçınmasınlalet them not grieve |
| Commands & suggestions | menaçınayımmı?shall I grieve? | olaçınsınmı?should he grieve? | bizaçınayıqmı?shall we grieve? | alaaçınsınlamı?should they grieve? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menaçınmayımmı?shall I not grieve? | olaçınmasınmı?should he not grieve? | bizaçınmayıqmı?shall we not grieve? | alaaçınmasınlamı?should they not grieve? | ||
| Requests | senaçınçı7açınçınplease grieve | olaçınsınçıdo let him grieve | sizaçınçığızplease grieve (plural/polite) | alaaçınsınlaçıdo let them grieve | ||
| Requests | senaçınmaçı7açınmaçınplease don't grieve | olaçınmasınçıdo let him not grieve | sizaçınmaçığızplease don't grieve (plural/polite) | alaaçınmasınlaçıdo let them not grieve | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaçınŋınaçınŋımay you grieve | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaçınmağınaçınmağımay you not grieve | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaçınŋay edim açınŋa edimwould that I grieved | senaçınŋay ediŋ açınŋa ediŋwould that you grieved | olaçınŋay edi açınŋa ediwould that he grieved | bizaçınŋay edik açınŋa edikwould that we grieved | sizaçınŋay edigiz açınŋa edigizwould that you all grieved | alaaçınŋay edile açınŋa edilewould that they grieved |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaçınmağay edim açınmağa edimwould that I did not grieve | senaçınmağay ediŋ açınmağa ediŋwould that you did not grieve | olaçınmağay edi açınmağa ediwould that he did not grieve | bizaçınmağay edik açınmağa edikwould that we did not grieve | sizaçınmağay edigiz açınmağa edigizwould that you all did not grieve | alaaçınmağay edile açınmağa edilewould that they did not grieve |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaçınmağa qoyayımaçınma qoyayımlet me allow someone to grieve | senaçınmağa qoy!açınma qoy!let someone grieve! | olaçınmağa qoysunaçınma qoysunlet him allow someone to grieve | bizaçınmağa qoyayıqaçınma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to grieve | sizaçınmağa qoyuğuz!açınma qoyuğuz!let someone grieve, you all! | alaaçınmağa qoysunlaaçınma qoysunlalet them allow someone to grieve |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaçınmağa qoymayımaçınma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to grieve | senaçınmağa qoyma!açınma qoyma!don't let someone grieve! | olaçınmağa qoymasınaçınma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to grieve | bizaçınmağa qoymayıqaçınma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to grieve | sizaçınmağa qoymağız!açınma qoymağız!don't let someone grieve, you all! | alaaçınmağa qoymasınlaaçınma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to grieve |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaçınmağa qoyayımmı?açınma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to grieve? | olaçınmağa qoysunmu?açınma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to grieve? | bizaçınmağa qoyayıqmı?açınma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to grieve? | alaaçınmağa qoysunlamı?açınma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to grieve? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaçınmağa qoymayımmı?açınma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to grieve? | olaçınmağa qoymasınmı?açınma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to grieve? | bizaçınmağa qoymayıqmı?açınma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to grieve? | alaaçınmağa qoymasınlamı?açınma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to grieve? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menaçınmağa qoyamaaçınma qoyamaI allow someone to grieve | senaçınmağa qoyasaaçınma qoyasayou allow someone to grieve | olaçınmağa qoyadıaçınma qoyadıhe allows someone to grieve | bizaçınmağa qoyabızaçınma qoyabızwe allow someone to grieve | sizaçınmağa qoyasızaçınma qoyasızyou all allow someone to grieve | alaaçınmağa qoyadılaaçınma qoyadılathey allow someone to grieve |
| Let someone… (present) | menaçınmağa qoymaymaaçınma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to grieve | senaçınmağa qoymaysaaçınma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to grieve | olaçınmağa qoymaydıaçınma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to grieve | bizaçınmağa qoymaybızaçınma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to grieve | sizaçınmağa qoymaysızaçınma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to grieve | alaaçınmağa qoymaydılaaçınma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to grieve |
| Let someone… (present) | menaçınmağa qoyamamı?açınma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to grieve? | senaçınmağa qoyamısa?açınma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to grieve? | olaçınmağa qoyamıdı?açınma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to grieve? | bizaçınmağa qoyabızmı?açınma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to grieve? | sizaçınmağa qoyamısız?açınma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to grieve? | alaaçınmağa qoyamıdıla?açınma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to grieve? |
| Let someone… (present) | menaçınmağa qoymaymamı?açınma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to grieve? | senaçınmağa qoymaymısa?açınma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to grieve? | olaçınmağa qoymaymıdı?açınma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to grieve? | bizaçınmağa qoymaybızmı?açınma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to grieve? | sizaçınmağa qoymaymısız?açınma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to grieve? | alaaçınmağa qoymaymıdıla?açınma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to grieve? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaçınmağa qoydumaçınma qoydumI allowed someone to grieve | senaçınmağa qoyduŋaçınma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to grieve | olaçınmağa qoyduaçınma qoyduhe allowed someone to grieve | bizaçınmağa qoyduqaçınma qoyduqwe allowed someone to grieve | sizaçınmağa qoyduğuzaçınma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to grieve | alaaçınmağa qoydulaaçınma qoydulathey allowed someone to grieve |
| Let someone… (past) | menaçınmağa qoymadımaçınma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to grieve | senaçınmağa qoymadıŋaçınma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to grieve | olaçınmağa qoymadıaçınma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to grieve | bizaçınmağa qoymadıqaçınma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to grieve | sizaçınmağa qoymadığızaçınma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to grieve | alaaçınmağa qoymadılaaçınma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to grieve |
| Let someone… (past) | menaçınmağa qoydummu?açınma qoydummu?did I allow someone to grieve? | senaçınmağa qoyduŋmu?açınma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to grieve? | olaçınmağa qoydumu?açınma qoydumu?did he allow someone to grieve? | bizaçınmağa qoyduqmu?açınma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to grieve? | sizaçınmağa qoyduğuzmu?açınma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to grieve? | alaaçınmağa qoydulamı?açınma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to grieve? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaçınmağa qoymadımmı?açınma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to grieve? | senaçınmağa qoymadıŋmı?açınma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to grieve? | olaçınmağa qoymadımı?açınma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to grieve? | bizaçınmağa qoymadıqmı?açınma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to grieve? | sizaçınmağa qoymadığızmı?açınma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to grieve? | alaaçınmağa qoymadılamı?açınma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to grieve? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menaçınalamaI can grieve | senaçınalasayou can grieve | olaçınaladıhe can grieve | bizaçınalabızwe can grieve | sizaçınalasızyou all can grieve | alaaçınaladılathey can grieve |
| Ability — present | menaçınalmaymaI can't grieve | senaçınalmaysayou can't grieve | olaçınalmaydıhe can't grieve | bizaçınalmaybızwe can't grieve | sizaçınalmaysızyou all can't grieve | alaaçınalmaydılathey can't grieve |
| Ability — present | menaçınalamamı? açınalamıma?can I grieve? | senaçınalamısa?can you grieve? | olaçınalamıdı?can he grieve? | bizaçınalabızmı? açınalamıbız?can we grieve? | sizaçınalamısız?can you all grieve? | alaaçınalamıdıla?can they grieve? |
| Ability — present | menaçınalmaymamı? açınalmaymıma?can't I grieve? | senaçınalmaymısa?can't you grieve? | olaçınalmaymıdı?can't he grieve? | bizaçınalmaybızmı? açınalmaymıbız?can't we grieve? | sizaçınalmaymısız?can't you all grieve? | alaaçınalmaymıdıla?can't they grieve? |
| Ability — if I can… | menaçınalsamif I can grieve | senaçınalsaŋif you can grieve | olaçınalsaif he can grieve | bizaçınalsaqif we can grieve | sizaçınalsağızif you all can grieve | alaaçınalsalaif they can grieve |
| Ability — if I can… | menaçınalmasamif I can't grieve | senaçınalmasaŋif you can't grieve | olaçınalmasaif he can't grieve | bizaçınalmasaqif we can't grieve | sizaçınalmasağızif you all can't grieve | alaaçınalmasalaif they can't grieve |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menaçınaldımI was able to grieve | senaçınaldıŋyou were able to grieve | olaçınaldıhe was able to grieve | bizaçınaldıqwe were able to grieve | sizaçınaldığızyou all were able to grieve | alaaçınaldılathey were able to grieve |
| Ability — simple past | menaçınalmadımI could not grieve | senaçınalmadıŋyou could not grieve | olaçınalmadıhe could not grieve | bizaçınalmadıqwe could not grieve | sizaçınalmadığızyou all could not grieve | alaaçınalmadılathey could not grieve |
| Ability — simple past | menaçınaldımmı?was I able to grieve? | senaçınaldıŋmı?were you able to grieve? | olaçınaldımı?was he able to grieve? | bizaçınaldıqmı?were we able to grieve? | sizaçınaldığızmı?were you all able to grieve? | alaaçınaldılamı?were they able to grieve? |
| Ability — simple past | menaçınalmadımmı?couldn't I grieve? | senaçınalmadıŋmı?couldn't you grieve? | olaçınalmadımı?couldn't he grieve? | bizaçınalmadıqmı?couldn't we grieve? | sizaçınalmadığızmı?couldn't you all grieve? | alaaçınalmadılamı?couldn't they grieve? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaçınalğanmaI have been able to grieve | senaçınalğansayou have been able to grieve | olaçınalğandıhe has been able to grieve | bizaçınalğanbızwe have been able to grieve | sizaçınalğansızyou all have been able to grieve | alaaçınalğandılathey have been able to grieve |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaçınalmağanmaI haven't been able to grieve | senaçınalmağansayou haven't been able to grieve | olaçınalmağandıhe hasn't been able to grieve | bizaçınalmağanbızwe haven't been able to grieve | sizaçınalmağansızyou all haven't been able to grieve | alaaçınalmağandılathey haven't been able to grieve |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaçınalğanmamı? açınalğanmıma?have I been able to grieve? | senaçınalğanmısa?have you been able to grieve? | olaçınalğanmıdı?has he been able to grieve? | bizaçınalğanbızmı? açınalğanmıbız?have we been able to grieve? | sizaçınalğanmısız?have you all been able to grieve? | alaaçınalğanmıdıla?have they been able to grieve? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaçınalmağanmamı? açınalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to grieve? | senaçınalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to grieve? | olaçınalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to grieve? | bizaçınalmağanbızmı? açınalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to grieve? | sizaçınalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to grieve? | alaaçınalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to grieve? |
| Ability — past perfect | menaçınalğan edimaçınalğanemI had been able to grieve | senaçınalğan ediŋaçınalğaneŋyou had been able to grieve | olaçınalğan ediaçınalğanedhe had been able to grieve | bizaçınalğan edikaçınalğanekwe had been able to grieve | sizaçınalğan edigizaçınalğanegizyou all had been able to grieve | alaaçınalğan edileaçınalğanellethey had been able to grieve |
| Ability — past perfect | menaçınalmağan edimaçınalmağanemI hadn't been able to grieve | senaçınalmağan ediŋaçınalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to grieve | olaçınalmağan ediaçınalmağanedhe hadn't been able to grieve | bizaçınalmağan edikaçınalmağanekwe hadn't been able to grieve | sizaçınalmağan edigizaçınalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to grieve | alaaçınalmağan edileaçınalmağanellethey hadn't been able to grieve |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menaçınala edimaçınalaemI could grieve | senaçınala ediŋaçınalaeŋyou could grieve | olaçınala ediaçınalaedhe could grieve | bizaçınala edikaçınalaekwe could grieve | sizaçınala edigizaçınalaegizyou all could grieve | alaaçınala edileaçınalaellethey could grieve |
| Ability — past background | menaçınalmay edimaçınalmayemI could not grieve | senaçınalmay ediŋaçınalmayeŋyou could not grieve | olaçınalmay ediaçınalmayedhe could not grieve | bizaçınalmay edikaçınalmayekwe could not grieve | sizaçınalmay edigizaçınalmayegizyou all could not grieve | alaaçınalmay edileaçınalmayellethey could not grieve |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menaçınalırmaI will be able to grieve | senaçınalırsayou will be able to grieve | olaçınalırhe will be able to grieve | bizaçınalırbızwe will be able to grieve | sizaçınalırsızyou all will be able to grieve | alaaçınalırlathey will be able to grieve |
| Ability — future I | menaçınalmazmaI won't be able to grieve | senaçınalmazsayou won't be able to grieve | olaçınalmazhe won't be able to grieve | bizaçınalmazbızwe won't be able to grieve | sizaçınalmazsızyou all won't be able to grieve | alaaçınalmazlathey won't be able to grieve |
| Ability — future I | menaçınalırmamı? açınalırmıma?will I be able to grieve? | senaçınalırmısa?will you be able to grieve? | olaçınalırmı?will he be able to grieve? | bizaçınalırbızmı? açınalırmıbız?will we be able to grieve? | sizaçınalırmısız?will you all be able to grieve? | alaaçınalırlamı? açınalırmıla?will they be able to grieve? |
| Ability — future I | menaçınalmazmamı? açınalmazmıma?won't I be able to grieve? | senaçınalmazmısa?won't you be able to grieve? | olaçınalmazmı?won't he be able to grieve? | bizaçınalmazbızmı? açınalmazmıbız?won't we be able to grieve? | sizaçınalmazmısız?won't you all be able to grieve? | alaaçınalmazlamı? açınalmazmıla?won't they be able to grieve? |
| Ability — future II | menaçınallıqmaI am going to be able to grieve | senaçınallıqsayou are going to be able to grieve | olaçınallıqdıhe is going to be able to grieve | bizaçınallıqbızwe are going to be able to grieve | sizaçınallıqsızyou all are going to be able to grieve | alaaçınallıqdılathey are going to be able to grieve |
| Ability — future II | menaçınallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to grieve | senaçınallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to grieve | olaçınallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to grieve | bizaçınallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to grieve | sizaçınallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to grieve | alaaçınallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to grieve |
| Ability — future II | menaçınallıqmamı? açınallıqmıma?am I going to be able to grieve? | senaçınallıqmısa?are you going to be able to grieve? | olaçınallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to grieve? | bizaçınallıqbızmı? açınallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to grieve? | sizaçınallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to grieve? | alaaçınallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to grieve? |
| Ability — future II | menaçınallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to grieve? | senaçınallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to grieve? | olaçınallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to grieve? | bizaçınallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to grieve? | sizaçınallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to grieve? | alaaçınallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to grieve? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaçınalır edimaçınalır emI would be able to grieve | senaçınalır ediŋaçınalır eŋyou would be able to grieve | olaçınalır ediaçınalır edhe would be able to grieve | bizaçınalır edikaçınalır ekwe would be able to grieve | sizaçınalır edigizaçınalır egizyou all would be able to grieve | alaaçınalır edileaçınalır ellethey would be able to grieve |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaçınalmaz edimaçınalmaz emI wouldn't be able to grieve | senaçınalmaz ediŋaçınalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to grieve | olaçınalmaz ediaçınalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to grieve | bizaçınalmaz edikaçınalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to grieve | sizaçınalmaz edigizaçınalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to grieve | alaaçınalmaz edileaçınalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to grieve |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaçınalğınaçınalğımay you be able to grieve | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaçınalmağınaçınalmağımay you not be able to grieve | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menaçınırğa izleymeI want to grieve | senaçınırğa izleyseyou want to grieve | olaçınırğa izleydihe wants to grieve | bizaçınırğa izleybizwe want to grieve | sizaçınırğa izleysizyou all want to grieve | alaaçınırğa izleydilethey want to grieve |
| want to | menaçınırğa izlemeymeI do not want to grieve | senaçınırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to grieve | olaçınırğa izlemeydihe does not want to grieve | bizaçınırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to grieve | sizaçınırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to grieve | alaaçınırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to grieve |
| would like to | menaçınırğa süemeI would like to grieve | senaçınırğa süeseyou would like to grieve | olaçınırğa süedihe would like to grieve | bizaçınırğa süebizwe would like to grieve | sizaçınırğa süesizyou all would like to grieve | alaaçınırğa süedilethey would like to grieve |
| would like to | menaçınırğa süymeymeI would not like to grieve | senaçınırğa süymeyseyou would not like to grieve | olaçınırğa süymeydihe would not like to grieve | bizaçınırğa süymeybizwe would not like to grieve | sizaçınırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to grieve | alaaçınırğa süymeydilethey would not like to grieve |
| hope to | menaçınırğa umutlanamaI hope to grieve | senaçınırğa umutlanasayou hope to grieve | olaçınırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to grieve | bizaçınırğa umutlanabızwe hope to grieve | sizaçınırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to grieve | alaaçınırğa umutlanadılathey hope to grieve |
| hope to | menaçınırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to grieve | senaçınırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to grieve | olaçınırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to grieve | bizaçınırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to grieve | sizaçınırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to grieve | alaaçınırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to grieve |
| be about to | menaçınırğa deb turamaI am about to grieve | senaçınırğa deb turasayou are about to grieve | olaçınırğa deb turadıhe is about to grieve | bizaçınırğa deb turabızwe are about to grieve | sizaçınırğa deb turasızyou all are about to grieve | alaaçınırğa deb turadılathey are about to grieve |
| be about to | menaçınırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to grieve | senaçınırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to grieve | olaçınırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to grieve | bizaçınırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to grieve | sizaçınırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to grieve | alaaçınırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to grieve |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menaçınırğa kerekmeI need to grieve | senaçınırğa kerekseyou need to grieve | olaçınırğa kerekdihe needs to grieve | bizaçınırğa kerekbizwe need to grieve | sizaçınırğa kereksizyou all need to grieve | alaaçınırğa kerekdilethey need to grieve |
| need to | menaçınırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to grieve | senaçınırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to grieve | olaçınırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to grieve | bizaçınırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to grieve | sizaçınırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to grieve | alaaçınırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to grieve |
| have to | menmenŋe açınırğa tüşediI have to grieve | sensenŋe açınırğa tüşediyou have to grieve | olaŋa açınırğa tüşedihe has to grieve | bizbizge açınırğa tüşediwe have to grieve | sizsizge açınırğa tüşediyou all have to grieve | alaalağa açınırğa tüşedithey have to grieve |
| have to | menmenŋe açınırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to grieve | sensenŋe açınırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to grieve | olaŋa açınırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to grieve | bizbizge açınırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to grieve | sizsizge açınırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to grieve | alaalağa açınırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to grieve |
| be obliged to | menaçınırğa borçlumaI am obliged to grieve | senaçınırğa borçlusayou are obliged to grieve | olaçınırğa borçluduhe is obliged to grieve | bizaçınırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to grieve | sizaçınırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to grieve | alaaçınırğa borçludulathey are obliged to grieve |
| be obliged to | menaçınırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to grieve | senaçınırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to grieve | olaçınırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to grieve | bizaçınırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to grieve | sizaçınırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to grieve | alaaçınırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to grieve |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menaçınırğa madarım bardıI have a way to grieve | senaçınırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to grieve | olaçınırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to grieve | bizaçınırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to grieve | sizaçınırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to grieve | alaaçınırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to grieve |
| have a way to | menaçınırğa madarım joqduI have no way to grieve | senaçınırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to grieve | olaçınırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to grieve | bizaçınırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to grieve | sizaçınırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to grieve | alaaçınırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to grieve |
| be free to | menaçınırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to grieve | senaçınırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to grieve | olaçınırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to grieve | bizaçınırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to grieve | sizaçınırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to grieve | alaaçınırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to grieve |
| be free to | menaçınırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to grieve | senaçınırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to grieve | olaçınırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to grieve | bizaçınırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to grieve | sizaçınırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to grieve | alaaçınırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to grieve |
| be possible to | menmenŋe açınırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to grieve | sensenŋe açınırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to grieve | olaŋa açınırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to grieve | bizbizge açınırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to grieve | sizsizge açınırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to grieve | alaalağa açınırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to grieve |
| be possible to | menmenŋe açınırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to grieve | sensenŋe açınırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to grieve | olaŋa açınırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to grieve | bizbizge açınırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to grieve | sizsizge açınırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to grieve | alaalağa açınırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to grieve |
| be ready to | menaçınırğa hazırmaI am ready to grieve | senaçınırğa hazırsayou are ready to grieve | olaçınırğa hazırdıhe is ready to grieve | bizaçınırğa hazırbızwe are ready to grieve | sizaçınırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to grieve | alaaçınırğa hazırdılathey are ready to grieve |
| be ready to | menaçınırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to grieve | senaçınırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to grieve | olaçınırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to grieve | bizaçınırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to grieve | sizaçınırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to grieve | alaaçınırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to grieve |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menaçınırğa küreşemeI am trying to grieve | senaçınırğa küreşeseyou are trying to grieve | olaçınırğa küreşedihe is trying to grieve | bizaçınırğa küreşebizwe are trying to grieve | sizaçınırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to grieve | alaaçınırğa küreşedilethey are trying to grieve |
| try to | menaçınırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to grieve | senaçınırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to grieve | olaçınırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to grieve | bizaçınırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to grieve | sizaçınırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to grieve | alaaçınırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to grieve |
| agree to | menaçınırğa unaymaI agree to grieve | senaçınırğa unaysayou agree to grieve | olaçınırğa unaydıhe agrees to grieve | bizaçınırğa unaybızwe agree to grieve | sizaçınırğa unaysızyou all agree to grieve | alaaçınırğa unaydılathey agree to grieve |
| agree to | menaçınırğa unamaymaI refuse to grieve | senaçınırğa unamaysayou refuse to grieve | olaçınırğa unamaydıhe refuses to grieve | bizaçınırğa unamaybızwe refuse to grieve | sizaçınırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to grieve | alaaçınırğa unamaydılathey refuse to grieve |
| hurry to | menaçınırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to grieve | senaçınırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to grieve | olaçınırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to grieve | bizaçınırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to grieve | sizaçınırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to grieve | alaaçınırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to grieve |
| hurry to | menaçınırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to grieve | senaçınırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to grieve | olaçınırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to grieve | bizaçınırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to grieve | sizaçınırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to grieve | alaaçınırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to grieve |
| be afraid to | menaçınırğa qorqamaI am afraid to grieve | senaçınırğa qorqasayou are afraid to grieve | olaçınırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to grieve | bizaçınırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to grieve | sizaçınırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to grieve | alaaçınırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to grieve |
| be afraid to | menaçınırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to grieve | senaçınırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to grieve | olaçınırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to grieve | bizaçınırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to grieve | sizaçınırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to grieve | alaaçınırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to grieve |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menaçına bolmazmaI can't be grieving | senaçına bolmazsayou can't be grieving | olaçına bolmazhe can't be grieving | bizaçına bolmazbızwe can't be grieving | sizaçına bolmazsızyou all can't be grieving | alaaçına bolmazlathey can't be grieving |
| Inference, present — double negation | menaçınmay bolmazmaI must be grieving (emphatic) | senaçınmay bolmazsayou must be grieving (emphatic) | olaçınmay bolmazhe must be grieving (emphatic) | bizaçınmay bolmazbızwe must be grieving (emphatic) | sizaçınmay bolmazsızyou all must be grieving (emphatic) | alaaçınmay bolmazlathey must be grieving (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menaçına turmasamif I don't keep grieving | senaçına turmasaŋif you don't keep grieving | olaçına turmasaif he doesn't keep grieving | bizaçına turmasaqif we don't keep grieving | sizaçına turmasağızif you all don't keep grieving | alaaçına turmasalaif they don't keep grieving |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menaçına tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of grieving | senaçına tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of grieving | olaçına tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of grieving | bizaçına tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of grieving | sizaçına tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of grieving | alaaçına tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of grieving |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menaçınmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not grieving (emphatic) | senaçınmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not grieving (emphatic) | olaçınmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not grieving (emphatic) | bizaçınmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not grieving (emphatic) | sizaçınmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not grieving (emphatic) | alaaçınmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not grieving (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menaçınmay turamaI keep on not grieving | senaçınmay turasayou keep on not grieving | olaçınmay turadıhe keeps on not grieving | bizaçınmay turabızwe keep on not grieving | sizaçınmay turasızyou all keep on not grieving | alaaçınmay turadılathey keep on not grieving |
| Progressive — double negation | menaçınmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not grieving | senaçınmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not grieving | olaçınmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not grieving | bizaçınmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not grieving | sizaçınmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not grieving | alaaçınmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not grieving |
| Progressive — double negation | menaçınmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not grieving? | senaçınmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not grieving? | olaçınmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not grieving? | bizaçınmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not grieving? | sizaçınmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not grieving? | alaaçınmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not grieving? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menaçınŋan bolmazmaI can't have grieved | senaçınŋan bolmazsayou can't have grieved | olaçınŋan bolmazhe can't have grieved | bizaçınŋan bolmazbızwe can't have grieved | sizaçınŋan bolmazsızyou all can't have grieved | alaaçınŋan bolmazlathey can't have grieved |
| Inference — double negation | menaçınmağan bolmazmaI must have grieved (emphatic) | senaçınmağan bolmazsayou must have grieved (emphatic) | olaçınmağan bolmazhe must have grieved (emphatic) | bizaçınmağan bolmazbızwe must have grieved (emphatic) | sizaçınmağan bolmazsızyou all must have grieved (emphatic) | alaaçınmağan bolmazlathey must have grieved (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menaçınŋan bolmasamif it weren't that I had grieved | senaçınŋan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had grieved | olaçınŋan bolmasaif it weren't that he had grieved | bizaçınŋan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had grieved | sizaçınŋan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had grieved | alaaçınŋan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had grieved |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menaçınmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't grieved | senaçınmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't grieved | olaçınmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't grieved | bizaçınmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't grieved | sizaçınmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't grieved | alaaçınmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't grieved |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menaçınnıq bolmazmaI can't be going to grieve | senaçınnıq bolmazsayou can't be going to grieve | olaçınnıq bolmazhe can't be going to grieve | bizaçınnıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to grieve | sizaçınnıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to grieve | alaaçınnıq bolmazlathey can't be going to grieve |
| Inference, future — double negation | menaçınmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to grieve (emphatic) | senaçınmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to grieve (emphatic) | olaçınmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to grieve (emphatic) | bizaçınmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to grieve (emphatic) | sizaçınmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to grieve (emphatic) | alaaçınmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to grieve (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menaçınnıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to grieve | senaçınnıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to grieve | olaçınnıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to grieve | bizaçınnıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to grieve | sizaçınnıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to grieve | alaaçınnıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to grieve |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menaçınmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to grieve | senaçınmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to grieve | olaçınmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to grieve | bizaçınmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to grieve | sizaçınmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to grieve | alaaçınmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to grieve |