çögerge
/tʃøɡerɡe/
1. sit down, sit
- çögügüz, marja! — please sit down!
- qatına çögerge — to sit down beside
- aşarğa çögerge — to sit down to eat
- men jerge çökdüm — I sat down on the ground
- qonaqla törge çökdüle — the guests sat down at the place of honor
- qatına çögüb hapar aytırğa — to sit down beside someone and talk
- ertdenden iŋirge deri çögüb tururğa — to sit from morning till evening
2. squat down, crouch one source
- çögüb qalırğa — to squat down
- sen nek çökgense? — why have you crouched down?
3. settle, sink — Said of dust, sediment or sand sinking to the bottom, of hay packing down, and of a building sinking lower.
- buqu çökgendi — the dust has settled
- kiri tübüne çökgendi — its dirt has settled to the bottom
- suwnu qumu tübüne çökgendi — the sand of the water has settled to the bottom
- biçen çögüb, geben gitçe bolğandı — the hay settled, and the stack became smaller
- üy çökgendi — the house has settled
4. relieve oneself one source
5. subside, decrease, go down — Used of swelling going down, of a river's water falling, and of a temperature dropping.
- qolumu köbgeni çökgendi — the swelling on my hand has gone down
- qobannı suwu çökgendi — the river's water has gone down
- tambla köbgeni çöger — tomorrow the swelling will go down
Expressions
- jüregi çögerge — grief subsides
- kölü çögerge — become downcast
Conjugation
Common forms
- çögedihe is sitting
- çökdühe sat
- çökgendihe has sat
- çögerhe will sit
- çögerikdihe is going to sit
- çöge edihe was sitting
- çökseif he sits
- çök!sit!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençögemeI am sitting | sençögeseyou are sitting | olçögedihe is sitting | bizçögebizwe are sitting | sizçögesizyou all are sitting | alaçögedilethey are sitting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençökmeymeI am not sitting | sençökmeyseyou are not sitting | olçökmeydihe is not sitting | bizçökmeybizwe are not sitting | sizçökmeysizyou all are not sitting | alaçökmeydilethey are not sitting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençögememi? çögemime?am I sitting? | sençögemise?are you sitting? | olçögemidi?is he sitting? | bizçögebizmi? çögemibiz?are we sitting? | sizçögemisiz?are you all sitting? | alaçögemidile?are they sitting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençökmeymemi? çökmeymime?aren't I sitting? | sençökmeymise?aren't you sitting? | olçökmeymidi?isn't he sitting? | bizçökmeybizmi? çökmeymibiz?aren't we sitting? | sizçökmeymisiz?aren't you all sitting? | alaçökmeymidile?aren't they sitting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençögüwçenmeI usually sit | sençögüwçenseyou usually sit | olçögüwçendihe usually sits | bizçögüwçenbizwe usually sit | sizçögüwçensizyou all usually sit | alaçögüwçendilethey usually sit |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençökmewçenmeI usually don't sit | sençökmewçenseyou usually don't sit | olçökmewçendihe usually doesn't sit | bizçökmewçenbizwe usually don't sit | sizçökmewçensizyou all usually don't sit | alaçökmewçendilethey usually don't sit |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençögüwçenmemi? çögüwçenmime?do I usually sit? | sençögüwçenmise?do you usually sit? | olçögüwçenmidi?does he usually sit? | bizçögüwçenbizmi? çögüwçenmibiz?do we usually sit? | sizçögüwçenmisiz?do you all usually sit? | alaçögüwçenmidile?do they usually sit? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençökmewçenmemi? çökmewçenmime?do I usually not sit? | sençökmewçenmise?do you usually not sit? | olçökmewçenmidi?does he usually not sit? | bizçökmewçenbizmi? çökmewçenmibiz?do we usually not sit? | sizçökmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not sit? | alaçökmewçenmidile?do they usually not sit? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçögübdühe has sat and remains so | alaçögübdülethey have sat and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçögübmüdü?has he sat? | alaçögübmüdüle?have they sat? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençögüb turamaI keep sitting | sençögüb turasayou keep sitting | olçögüb turadıhe keeps sitting | bizçögüb turabızwe keep sitting | sizçögüb turasızyou all keep sitting | alaçögüb turadılathey keep sitting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençögüb turmaymaI don't keep sitting | sençögüb turmaysayou don't keep sitting | olçögüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep sitting | bizçögüb turmaybızwe don't keep sitting | sizçögüb turmaysızyou all don't keep sitting | alaçögüb turmaydılathey don't keep sitting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençögüb turamamı? çögüb turamıma?do I keep sitting? | sençögüb turamısa?do you keep sitting? | olçögüb turamıdı?does he keep sitting? | bizçögüb turabızmı? çögüb turamıbız?do we keep sitting? | sizçögüb turamısız?do you all keep sitting? | alaçögüb turamıdıla?do they keep sitting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençögüb turmaymamı? çögüb turmaymıma?don't I keep sitting? | sençögüb turmaymısa?don't you keep sitting? | olçögüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep sitting? | bizçögüb turmaybızmı? çögüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep sitting? | sizçögüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep sitting? | alaçögüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep sitting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençöge turamaI am in the middle of sitting | sençöge turasayou are in the middle of sitting | olçöge turadıhe is in the middle of sitting | bizçöge turabızwe are in the middle of sitting | sizçöge turasızyou all are in the middle of sitting | alaçöge turadılathey are in the middle of sitting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençöge turmaymaI am not in the middle of sitting | sençöge turmaysayou are not in the middle of sitting | olçöge turmaydıhe is not in the middle of sitting | bizçöge turmaybızwe are not in the middle of sitting | sizçöge turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of sitting | alaçöge turmaydılathey are not in the middle of sitting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençöge turamamı? çöge turamıma?am I in the middle of sitting? | sençöge turamısa?are you in the middle of sitting? | olçöge turamıdı?is he in the middle of sitting? | bizçöge turabızmı? çöge turamıbız?are we in the middle of sitting? | sizçöge turamısız?are you all in the middle of sitting? | alaçöge turamıdıla?are they in the middle of sitting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençöge turmaymamı? çöge turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of sitting? | sençöge turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of sitting? | olçöge turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of sitting? | bizçöge turmaybızmı? çöge turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of sitting? | sizçöge turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of sitting? | alaçöge turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of sitting? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençökdümI sat | sençökdüŋyou sat | olçökdühe sat | bizçökdükwe sat | sizçökdügüzyou all sat | alaçökdülethey sat |
| Simple past (definite) | mençökmedimI didn't sit | sençökmediŋyou didn't sit | olçökmedihe didn't sit | bizçökmedikwe didn't sit | sizçökmedigizyou all didn't sit | alaçökmedilethey didn't sit |
| Simple past (definite) | mençökdümmü?did I sit? | sençökdüŋmü?did you sit? | olçökdümü?did he sit? | bizçökdükmü?did we sit? | sizçökdügüzmü?did you all sit? | alaçökdülemi?did they sit? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençökmedimmi?didn't I sit? | sençökmediŋmi?didn't you sit? | olçökmedimi?didn't he sit? | bizçökmedikmi?didn't we sit? | sizçökmedigizmi?didn't you all sit? | alaçökmedilemi?didn't they sit? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençökgenmeI have sat | sençökgenseyou have sat | olçökgendihe has sat | bizçökgenbizwe have sat | sizçökgensizyou all have sat | alaçökgendilethey have sat |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençökmegenmeI haven't sat | sençökmegenseyou haven't sat | olçökmegendihe hasn't sat | bizçökmegenbizwe haven't sat | sizçökmegensizyou all haven't sat | alaçökmegendilethey haven't sat |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençökgenmemi? çökgenmime?have I sat? | sençökgenmise?have you sat? | olçökgenmidi?has he sat? | bizçökgenbizmi? çökgenmibiz?have we sat? | sizçökgenmisiz?have you all sat? | alaçökgenmidile?have they sat? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençökmegenmemi? çökmegenmime?haven't I sat? | sençökmegenmise?haven't you sat? | olçökmegenmidi?hasn't he sat? | bizçökmegenbizmi? çökmegenmibiz?haven't we sat? | sizçökmegenmisiz?haven't you all sat? | alaçökmegenmidile?haven't they sat? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençögüb turdumI kept sitting | sençögüb turduŋyou kept sitting | olçögüb turduhe kept sitting | bizçögüb turduqwe kept sitting | sizçögüb turduğuzyou all kept sitting | alaçögüb turdulathey kept sitting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençögüb turmadımI didn't keep sitting | sençögüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep sitting | olçögüb turmadıhe didn't keep sitting | bizçögüb turmadıqwe didn't keep sitting | sizçögüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep sitting | alaçögüb turmadılathey didn't keep sitting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençögermeI will sit | sençögerseyou will sit | olçögerhe will sit | bizçögerbizwe will sit | sizçögersizyou all will sit | alaçögerlethey will sit |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençökmezmeI won't sit | sençökmezseyou won't sit | olçökmezhe won't sit | bizçökmezbizwe won't sit | sizçökmezsizyou all won't sit | alaçökmezlethey won't sit |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençögermemi? çögermime?will I sit? | sençögermise?will you sit? | olçögermi?will he sit? | bizçögerbizmi? çögermibiz?will we sit? | sizçögermisiz?will you all sit? | alaçögerlemi? çögermile?will they sit? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençökmezmemi? çökmezmime?won't I sit? | sençökmezmise?won't you sit? | olçökmezmi?won't he sit? | bizçökmezbizmi? çökmezmibiz?won't we sit? | sizçökmezmisiz?won't you all sit? | alaçökmezlemi? çökmezmile?won't they sit? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençögerikmeI am going to sit | sençögerikseyou are going to sit | olçögerikdihe is going to sit | bizçögerikbizwe are going to sit | sizçögeriksizyou all are going to sit | alaçögerikdilethey are going to sit |
| Definite future (future II) | mençögerik tülmeI am not going to sit | sençögerik tülseyou are not going to sit | olçögerik tüldühe is not going to sit | bizçögerik tülbüzwe are not going to sit | sizçögerik tülsüzyou all are not going to sit | alaçögerik tüldülethey are not going to sit |
| Definite future (future II) | mençögerikmemi? çögerikmime?am I going to sit? | sençögerikmise?are you going to sit? | olçögerikmidi?is he going to sit? | bizçögerikbizmi? çögerikmibiz?are we going to sit? | sizçögerikmisiz?are you all going to sit? | alaçögerikmidile?are they going to sit? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençögerik tülmüme?aren't I going to sit? | sençögerik tülmüse?aren't you going to sit? | olçögerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to sit? | bizçögerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to sit? | sizçögerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to sit? | alaçögerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to sit? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençökgen edimçökgenemI had sat | sençökgen ediŋçökgeneŋyou had sat | olçökgen ediçökgenedhe had sat | bizçökgen edikçökgenekwe had sat | sizçökgen edigizçökgenegizyou all had sat | alaçökgen edileçökgenellethey had sat |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençökmegen edimçökmegenemI hadn't sat | sençökmegen ediŋçökmegeneŋyou hadn't sat | olçökmegen ediçökmegenedhe hadn't sat | bizçökmegen edikçökmegenekwe hadn't sat | sizçökmegen edigizçökmegenegizyou all hadn't sat | alaçökmegen edileçökmegenellethey hadn't sat |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençöge edimçögemI was sitting | sençöge ediŋçögeŋyou were sitting | olçöge ediçögedhe was sitting | bizçöge edikçögekwe were sitting | sizçöge edigizçögegizyou all were sitting | alaçöge edileçögellethey were sitting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençökmey edimçökmeyemI wasn't sitting | sençökmey ediŋçökmeyeŋyou weren't sitting | olçökmey ediçökmeyedhe wasn't sitting | bizçökmey edikçökmeyekwe weren't sitting | sizçökmey edigizçökmeyegizyou all weren't sitting | alaçökmey edileçökmeyellethey weren't sitting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençögüwçen edimçögüwçenemI used to sit | sençögüwçen ediŋçögüwçeneŋyou used to sit | olçögüwçen ediçögüwçenedhe used to sit | bizçögüwçen edikçögüwçenekwe used to sit | sizçögüwçen edigizçögüwçenegizyou all used to sit | alaçögüwçen edileçögüwçenellethey used to sit |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençökmewçen edimçökmewçenemI didn't use to sit | sençökmewçen ediŋçökmewçeneŋyou didn't use to sit | olçökmewçen ediçökmewçenedhe didn't use to sit | bizçökmewçen edikçökmewçenekwe didn't use to sit | sizçökmewçen edigizçökmewçenegizyou all didn't use to sit | alaçökmewçen edileçökmewçenellethey didn't use to sit |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçögüb edihe had sat and remained so | alaçögüb edilethey had sat and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçögüb tül edihe hadn't sat | alaçögüb tül edilethey hadn't sat | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençögüb tura edimçögüb turaemI had kept sitting | sençögüb tura ediŋçögüb turaeŋyou had kept sitting | olçögüb tura ediçögüb turaedhe had kept sitting | bizçögüb tura edikçögüb turaekwe had kept sitting | sizçögüb tura edigizçögüb turaegizyou all had kept sitting | alaçögüb tura edileçögüb turaellethey had kept sitting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençögüb turmay edimçögüb turmayemI hadn't kept sitting | sençögüb turmay ediŋçögüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept sitting | olçögüb turmay ediçögüb turmayedhe hadn't kept sitting | bizçögüb turmay edikçögüb turmayekwe hadn't kept sitting | sizçögüb turmay edigizçögüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept sitting | alaçögüb turmay edileçögüb turmayellethey hadn't kept sitting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençöge tura edimçöge turaemI was in the middle of sitting | sençöge tura ediŋçöge turaeŋyou were in the middle of sitting | olçöge tura ediçöge turaedhe was in the middle of sitting | bizçöge tura edikçöge turaekwe were in the middle of sitting | sizçöge tura edigizçöge turaegizyou all were in the middle of sitting | alaçöge tura edileçöge turaellethey were in the middle of sitting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençöge turmay edimçöge turmayemI wasn't in the middle of sitting | sençöge turmay ediŋçöge turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of sitting | olçöge turmay ediçöge turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of sitting | bizçöge turmay edikçöge turmayekwe weren't in the middle of sitting | sizçöge turmay edigizçöge turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of sitting | alaçöge turmay edileçöge turmayellethey weren't in the middle of sitting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençöger edimçöger emI would sit | sençöger ediŋçöger eŋyou would sit | olçöger ediçöger edhe would sit | bizçöger edikçöger ekwe would sit | sizçöger edigizçöger egizyou all would sit | alaçöger edileçöger ellethey would sit |
| Conditional result (would) | mençökmez edimçökmez emI wouldn't sit | sençökmez ediŋçökmez eŋyou wouldn't sit | olçökmez ediçökmez edhe wouldn't sit | bizçökmez edikçökmez ekwe wouldn't sit | sizçökmez edigizçökmez egizyou all wouldn't sit | alaçökmez edileçökmez ellethey wouldn't sit |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençögerik edimçögerik emI would have sat | sençögerik ediŋçögerik eŋyou would have sat | olçögerik ediçögerik edhe would have sat | bizçögerik edikçögerik ekwe would have sat | sizçögerik edigizçögerik egizyou all would have sat | alaçögerik edileçögerik ellethey would have sat |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençögerik tül edimçögerik tül emI wouldn't have sat | sençögerik tül ediŋçögerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have sat | olçögerik tül ediçögerik tül edhe wouldn't have sat | bizçögerik tül edikçögerik tül ekwe wouldn't have sat | sizçögerik tül edigizçögerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have sat | alaçögerik tül edileçögerik tül ellethey wouldn't have sat |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençöksemif I sit | sençökseŋif you sit | olçökseif he sits | bizçöksekif we sit | sizçöksegizif you all sit | alaçökseleif they sit |
| Conditional | mençökmesemif I don't sit | sençökmeseŋif you don't sit | olçökmeseif he doesn't sit | bizçökmesekif we don't sit | sizçökmesegizif you all don't sit | alaçökmeseleif they don't sit |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençöge esemif I am sitting | sençöge eseŋif you are sitting | olçöge eseif he is sitting | bizçöge esekif we are sitting | sizçöge esegizif you all are sitting | alaçöge eseleif they are sitting |
| Conditional, present real | mençökmey esemif I am not sitting | sençökmey eseŋif you are not sitting | olçökmey eseif he is not sitting | bizçökmey esekif we are not sitting | sizçökmey esegizif you all are not sitting | alaçökmey eseleif they are not sitting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençöksem ediçöksem edif only I sat | sençökseŋ ediçökseŋ edif only you sat | olçökse ediçöksedif only he sat | bizçöksek ediçöksek edif only we sat | sizçöksegiz ediçöksegiz edif only you all sat | alaçöksele ediçökseledif only they sat |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençökmesem ediçökmesem edif only I didn't sit | sençökmeseŋ ediçökmeseŋ edif only you didn't sit | olçökmese ediçökmesedif only he didn't sit | bizçökmesek ediçökmesek edif only we didn't sit | sizçökmesegiz ediçökmesegiz edif only you all didn't sit | alaçökmesele ediçökmeseledif only they didn't sit |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençögüb tursamif I carry on sitting | sençögüb tursaŋif you carry on sitting | olçögüb tursaif he carries on sitting | bizçögüb tursaqif we carry on sitting | sizçögüb tursağızif you all carry on sitting | alaçögüb tursalaif they carry on sitting |
| Durative conditional | mençögüb turmasamif I don't carry on sitting | sençögüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on sitting | olçögüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on sitting | bizçögüb turmasaqif we don't carry on sitting | sizçögüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on sitting | alaçögüb turmasalaif they don't carry on sitting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençögüb tura esemif I have kept sitting | sençögüb tura eseŋif you have kept sitting | olçögüb tura eseif he has kept sitting | bizçögüb tura esekif we have kept sitting | sizçögüb tura esegizif you all have kept sitting | alaçögüb tura eseleif they have kept sitting |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençögüb turmay esemif I haven't kept sitting | sençögüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept sitting | olçögüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept sitting | bizçögüb turmay esekif we haven't kept sitting | sizçögüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept sitting | alaçögüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept sitting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençöge tursamif I keep sitting | sençöge tursaŋif you keep sitting | olçöge tursaif he keeps sitting | bizçöge tursaqif we keep sitting | sizçöge tursağızif you all keep sitting | alaçöge tursalaif they keep sitting |
| Progressive conditional | mençökmey tursamif I keep on not sitting | sençökmey tursaŋif you keep on not sitting | olçökmey tursaif he keeps on not sitting | bizçökmey tursaqif we keep on not sitting | sizçökmey tursağızif you all keep on not sitting | alaçökmey tursalaif they keep on not sitting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençöge tura esemif I am in the middle of sitting | sençöge tura eseŋif you are in the middle of sitting | olçöge tura eseif he is in the middle of sitting | bizçöge tura esekif we are in the middle of sitting | sizçöge tura esegizif you all are in the middle of sitting | alaçöge tura eseleif they are in the middle of sitting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençökmey tura esemif I keep on not sitting | sençökmey tura eseŋif you keep on not sitting | olçökmey tura eseif he keeps on not sitting | bizçökmey tura esekif we keep on not sitting | sizçökmey tura esegizif you all keep on not sitting | alaçökmey tura eseleif they keep on not sitting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençökdüm esemif I sat | sençökdüŋ eseŋif you sat | olçökdü eseif he sat | bizçökdük esekif we sat | sizçökdügüz esegizif you all sat | alaçökdüle eseleif they sat |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençökmedim esemif I didn't sit | sençökmediŋ eseŋif you didn't sit | olçökmedi eseif he didn't sit | bizçökmedik esekif we didn't sit | sizçökmedigiz esegizif you all didn't sit | alaçökmedile eseleif they didn't sit |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençökgen esemif I did sit (indeed) | sençökgen eseŋif you did sit (indeed) | olçökgen eseif he did sit (indeed) | bizçökgen esekif we did sit (indeed) | sizçökgen esegizif you all did sit (indeed) | alaçökgen eseleif they did sit (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençökmegen esemif I didn't sit (indeed) | sençökmegen eseŋif you didn't sit (indeed) | olçökmegen eseif he didn't sit (indeed) | bizçökmegen esekif we didn't sit (indeed) | sizçökmegen esegizif you all didn't sit (indeed) | alaçökmegen eseleif they didn't sit (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençökgen bolsamif I had sat | sençökgen bolsaŋif you had sat | olçökgen bolsaif he had sat | bizçökgen bolsaqif we had sat | sizçökgen bolsağızif you all had sat | alaçökgen bolsalaif they had sat |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençökmegen bolsamif I hadn't sat | sençökmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't sat | olçökmegen bolsaif he hadn't sat | bizçökmegen bolsaqif we hadn't sat | sizçökmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't sat | alaçökmegen bolsalaif they hadn't sat |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençökgen bolsam ediçökgen bolsam edif only I had sat | sençökgen bolsaŋ ediçökgen bolsaŋ edif only you had sat | olçökgen bolsa ediçökgen bolsaedif only he had sat | bizçökgen bolsaq ediçökgen bolsaq edif only we had sat | sizçökgen bolsağız ediçökgen bolsağız edif only you all had sat | alaçökgen bolsala ediçökgen bolsalaedif only they had sat |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençökmegen bolsam ediçökmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't sat | sençökmegen bolsaŋ ediçökmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't sat | olçökmegen bolsa ediçökmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't sat | bizçökmegen bolsaq ediçökmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't sat | sizçökmegen bolsağız ediçökmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't sat | alaçökmegen bolsala ediçökmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't sat |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençöger esemif I will sit | sençöger eseŋif you will sit | olçöger eseif he will sit | bizçöger esekif we will sit | sizçöger esegizif you all will sit | alaçöger eseleif they will sit |
| Conditional, aorist | mençökmez esemif I won't sit | sençökmez eseŋif you won't sit | olçökmez eseif he won't sit | bizçökmez esekif we won't sit | sizçökmez esegizif you all won't sit | alaçökmez eseleif they won't sit |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençögerik esemif I am going to sit | sençögerik eseŋif you are going to sit | olçögerik eseif he is going to sit | bizçögerik esekif we are going to sit | sizçögerik esegizif you all are going to sit | alaçögerik eseleif they are going to sit |
| Conditional, future | mençögerik tül esemif I am not going to sit | sençögerik tül eseŋif you are not going to sit | olçögerik tül eseif he is not going to sit | bizçögerik tül esekif we are not going to sit | sizçögerik tül esegizif you all are not going to sit | alaçögerik tül eseleif they are not going to sit |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençögerik bolsamif I were going to sit | sençögerik bolsaŋif you were going to sit | olçögerik bolsaif he were going to sit | bizçögerik bolsaqif we were going to sit | sizçögerik bolsağızif you all were going to sit | alaçögerik bolsalaif they were going to sit |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençökmezlik bolsamif I were not going to sit | sençökmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to sit | olçökmezlik bolsaif he were not going to sit | bizçökmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to sit | sizçökmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to sit | alaçökmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to sit |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çökdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençöge bolurmaI must be sitting | sençöge bolursayou must be sitting | olçöge bolurhe must be sitting | bizçöge bolurbuzwe must be sitting | sizçöge bolursuzyou all must be sitting | alaçöge bolurlathey must be sitting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençökmey bolurmaI must not be sitting | sençökmey bolursayou must not be sitting | olçökmey bolurhe must not be sitting | bizçökmey bolurbuzwe must not be sitting | sizçökmey bolursuzyou all must not be sitting | alaçökmey bolurlathey must not be sitting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençöge tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of sitting | sençöge tura bolursayou must be in the middle of sitting | olçöge tura bolurhe must be in the middle of sitting | bizçöge tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of sitting | sizçöge tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of sitting | alaçöge tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of sitting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençökmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not sitting | sençökmey tura bolursayou must keep on not sitting | olçökmey tura bolurhe must keep on not sitting | bizçökmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not sitting | sizçökmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not sitting | alaçökmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not sitting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençökgen bolurmaI must have sat | sençökgen bolursayou must have sat | olçökgen bolurhe must have sat | bizçökgen bolurbuzwe must have sat | sizçökgen bolursuzyou all must have sat | alaçökgen bolurlathey must have sat |
| Inference (must have) | mençökmegen bolurmaI must not have sat | sençökmegen bolursayou must not have sat | olçökmegen bolurhe must not have sat | bizçökmegen bolurbuzwe must not have sat | sizçökmegen bolursuzyou all must not have sat | alaçökmegen bolurlathey must not have sat |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençögerik bolurmaI must be going to sit | sençögerik bolursayou must be going to sit | olçögerik bolurhe must be going to sit | bizçögerik bolurbuzwe must be going to sit | sizçögerik bolursuzyou all must be going to sit | alaçögerik bolurlathey must be going to sit |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençökmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to sit | sençökmezlik bolursayou must not be going to sit | olçökmezlik bolurhe must not be going to sit | bizçökmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to sit | sizçökmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to sit | alaçökmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to sit |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençögeyimlet me sit | sençök!sit! | olçöksünlet him sit | bizçögeyiklet's sit | sizçögügüz!sit, you all! | alaçöksünlelet them sit |
| Commands & suggestions | mençökmeyimlet me not sit | sençökme!don't sit! | olçökmesinlet him not sit | bizçökmeyiklet's not sit | sizçökmegiz!don't sit, you all! | alaçökmesinlelet them not sit |
| Commands & suggestions | mençögeyimmi?shall I sit? | olçöksünmü?should he sit? | bizçögeyikmi?shall we sit? | alaçöksünlemi?should they sit? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençökmeyimmi?shall I not sit? | olçökmesinmi?should he not sit? | bizçökmeyikmi?shall we not sit? | alaçökmesinlemi?should they not sit? | ||
| Requests | sençökçü2çökçünplease sit | olçöksünçüdo let him sit | sizçökçügüzplease sit (plural/polite) | alaçöksünleçido let them sit | ||
| Requests | sençökmeçi2çökmeçinplease don't sit | olçökmesinçido let him not sit | sizçökmeçigizplease don't sit (plural/polite) | alaçökmesinleçido let them not sit | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençökgünçökgümay you sit | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençökmeginçökmegimay you not sit | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençökgey edim çökge edimwould that I sat | sençökgey ediŋ çökge ediŋwould that you sat | olçökgey edi çökge ediwould that he sat | bizçökgey edik çökge edikwould that we sat | sizçökgey edigiz çökge edigizwould that you all sat | alaçökgey edile çökge edilewould that they sat |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençökmegey edim çökmege edimwould that I did not sit | sençökmegey ediŋ çökmege ediŋwould that you did not sit | olçökmegey edi çökmege ediwould that he did not sit | bizçökmegey edik çökmege edikwould that we did not sit | sizçökmegey edigiz çökmege edigizwould that you all did not sit | alaçökmegey edile çökmege edilewould that they did not sit |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençökmege qoyayımçökme qoyayımlet me allow someone to sit | sençökmege qoy!çökme qoy!let someone sit! | olçökmege qoysunçökme qoysunlet him allow someone to sit | bizçökmege qoyayıqçökme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to sit | sizçökmege qoyuğuz!çökme qoyuğuz!let someone sit, you all! | alaçökmege qoysunlaçökme qoysunlalet them allow someone to sit |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençökmege qoymayımçökme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to sit | sençökmege qoyma!çökme qoyma!don't let someone sit! | olçökmege qoymasınçökme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to sit | bizçökmege qoymayıqçökme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to sit | sizçökmege qoymağız!çökme qoymağız!don't let someone sit, you all! | alaçökmege qoymasınlaçökme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to sit |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençökmege qoyayımmı?çökme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to sit? | olçökmege qoysunmu?çökme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to sit? | bizçökmege qoyayıqmı?çökme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to sit? | alaçökmege qoysunlamı?çökme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to sit? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençökmege qoymayımmı?çökme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to sit? | olçökmege qoymasınmı?çökme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to sit? | bizçökmege qoymayıqmı?çökme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to sit? | alaçökmege qoymasınlamı?çökme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to sit? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençökmege qoyamaçökme qoyamaI allow someone to sit | sençökmege qoyasaçökme qoyasayou allow someone to sit | olçökmege qoyadıçökme qoyadıhe allows someone to sit | bizçökmege qoyabızçökme qoyabızwe allow someone to sit | sizçökmege qoyasızçökme qoyasızyou all allow someone to sit | alaçökmege qoyadılaçökme qoyadılathey allow someone to sit |
| Let someone… (present) | mençökmege qoymaymaçökme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to sit | sençökmege qoymaysaçökme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to sit | olçökmege qoymaydıçökme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to sit | bizçökmege qoymaybızçökme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to sit | sizçökmege qoymaysızçökme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to sit | alaçökmege qoymaydılaçökme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to sit |
| Let someone… (present) | mençökmege qoyamamı?çökme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to sit? | sençökmege qoyamısa?çökme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to sit? | olçökmege qoyamıdı?çökme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to sit? | bizçökmege qoyabızmı?çökme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to sit? | sizçökmege qoyamısız?çökme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to sit? | alaçökmege qoyamıdıla?çökme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to sit? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençökmege qoymaymamı?çökme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to sit? | sençökmege qoymaymısa?çökme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to sit? | olçökmege qoymaymıdı?çökme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to sit? | bizçökmege qoymaybızmı?çökme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to sit? | sizçökmege qoymaymısız?çökme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to sit? | alaçökmege qoymaymıdıla?çökme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to sit? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençökmege qoydumçökme qoydumI allowed someone to sit | sençökmege qoyduŋçökme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to sit | olçökmege qoyduçökme qoyduhe allowed someone to sit | bizçökmege qoyduqçökme qoyduqwe allowed someone to sit | sizçökmege qoyduğuzçökme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to sit | alaçökmege qoydulaçökme qoydulathey allowed someone to sit |
| Let someone… (past) | mençökmege qoymadımçökme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to sit | sençökmege qoymadıŋçökme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to sit | olçökmege qoymadıçökme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to sit | bizçökmege qoymadıqçökme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to sit | sizçökmege qoymadığızçökme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to sit | alaçökmege qoymadılaçökme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to sit |
| Let someone… (past) | mençökmege qoydummu?çökme qoydummu?did I allow someone to sit? | sençökmege qoyduŋmu?çökme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to sit? | olçökmege qoydumu?çökme qoydumu?did he allow someone to sit? | bizçökmege qoyduqmu?çökme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to sit? | sizçökmege qoyduğuzmu?çökme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to sit? | alaçökmege qoydulamı?çökme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to sit? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençökmege qoymadımmı?çökme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to sit? | sençökmege qoymadıŋmı?çökme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to sit? | olçökmege qoymadımı?çökme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to sit? | bizçökmege qoymadıqmı?çökme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to sit? | sizçökmege qoymadığızmı?çökme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to sit? | alaçökmege qoymadılamı?çökme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to sit? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
çögalırğa be able to sit · çögalmazğa be unable to sit
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençögalamaI can sit | sençögalasayou can sit | olçögaladıhe can sit | bizçögalabızwe can sit | sizçögalasızyou all can sit | alaçögaladılathey can sit |
| Ability — present | mençögalmaymaI can't sit | sençögalmaysayou can't sit | olçögalmaydıhe can't sit | bizçögalmaybızwe can't sit | sizçögalmaysızyou all can't sit | alaçögalmaydılathey can't sit |
| Ability — present | mençögalamamı? çögalamıma?can I sit? | sençögalamısa?can you sit? | olçögalamıdı?can he sit? | bizçögalabızmı? çögalamıbız?can we sit? | sizçögalamısız?can you all sit? | alaçögalamıdıla?can they sit? |
| Ability — present | mençögalmaymamı? çögalmaymıma?can't I sit? | sençögalmaymısa?can't you sit? | olçögalmaymıdı?can't he sit? | bizçögalmaybızmı? çögalmaymıbız?can't we sit? | sizçögalmaymısız?can't you all sit? | alaçögalmaymıdıla?can't they sit? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençögalsamif I can sit | sençögalsaŋif you can sit | olçögalsaif he can sit | bizçögalsaqif we can sit | sizçögalsağızif you all can sit | alaçögalsalaif they can sit |
| Ability — if I can… | mençögalmasamif I can't sit | sençögalmasaŋif you can't sit | olçögalmasaif he can't sit | bizçögalmasaqif we can't sit | sizçögalmasağızif you all can't sit | alaçögalmasalaif they can't sit |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençögaldımI was able to sit | sençögaldıŋyou were able to sit | olçögaldıhe was able to sit | bizçögaldıqwe were able to sit | sizçögaldığızyou all were able to sit | alaçögaldılathey were able to sit |
| Ability — simple past | mençögalmadımI could not sit | sençögalmadıŋyou could not sit | olçögalmadıhe could not sit | bizçögalmadıqwe could not sit | sizçögalmadığızyou all could not sit | alaçögalmadılathey could not sit |
| Ability — simple past | mençögaldımmı?was I able to sit? | sençögaldıŋmı?were you able to sit? | olçögaldımı?was he able to sit? | bizçögaldıqmı?were we able to sit? | sizçögaldığızmı?were you all able to sit? | alaçögaldılamı?were they able to sit? |
| Ability — simple past | mençögalmadımmı?couldn't I sit? | sençögalmadıŋmı?couldn't you sit? | olçögalmadımı?couldn't he sit? | bizçögalmadıqmı?couldn't we sit? | sizçögalmadığızmı?couldn't you all sit? | alaçögalmadılamı?couldn't they sit? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençögalğanmaI have been able to sit | sençögalğansayou have been able to sit | olçögalğandıhe has been able to sit | bizçögalğanbızwe have been able to sit | sizçögalğansızyou all have been able to sit | alaçögalğandılathey have been able to sit |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençögalmağanmaI haven't been able to sit | sençögalmağansayou haven't been able to sit | olçögalmağandıhe hasn't been able to sit | bizçögalmağanbızwe haven't been able to sit | sizçögalmağansızyou all haven't been able to sit | alaçögalmağandılathey haven't been able to sit |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençögalğanmamı? çögalğanmıma?have I been able to sit? | sençögalğanmısa?have you been able to sit? | olçögalğanmıdı?has he been able to sit? | bizçögalğanbızmı? çögalğanmıbız?have we been able to sit? | sizçögalğanmısız?have you all been able to sit? | alaçögalğanmıdıla?have they been able to sit? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençögalmağanmamı? çögalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to sit? | sençögalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to sit? | olçögalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to sit? | bizçögalmağanbızmı? çögalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to sit? | sizçögalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to sit? | alaçögalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to sit? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençögalğan edimçögalğanemI had been able to sit | sençögalğan ediŋçögalğaneŋyou had been able to sit | olçögalğan ediçögalğanedhe had been able to sit | bizçögalğan edikçögalğanekwe had been able to sit | sizçögalğan edigizçögalğanegizyou all had been able to sit | alaçögalğan edileçögalğanellethey had been able to sit |
| Ability — past perfect | mençögalmağan edimçögalmağanemI hadn't been able to sit | sençögalmağan ediŋçögalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to sit | olçögalmağan ediçögalmağanedhe hadn't been able to sit | bizçögalmağan edikçögalmağanekwe hadn't been able to sit | sizçögalmağan edigizçögalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to sit | alaçögalmağan edileçögalmağanellethey hadn't been able to sit |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençögala edimçögalaemI could sit | sençögala ediŋçögalaeŋyou could sit | olçögala ediçögalaedhe could sit | bizçögala edikçögalaekwe could sit | sizçögala edigizçögalaegizyou all could sit | alaçögala edileçögalaellethey could sit |
| Ability — past background | mençögalmay edimçögalmayemI could not sit | sençögalmay ediŋçögalmayeŋyou could not sit | olçögalmay ediçögalmayedhe could not sit | bizçögalmay edikçögalmayekwe could not sit | sizçögalmay edigizçögalmayegizyou all could not sit | alaçögalmay edileçögalmayellethey could not sit |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençögalırmaI will be able to sit | sençögalırsayou will be able to sit | olçögalırhe will be able to sit | bizçögalırbızwe will be able to sit | sizçögalırsızyou all will be able to sit | alaçögalırlathey will be able to sit |
| Ability — future I | mençögalmazmaI won't be able to sit | sençögalmazsayou won't be able to sit | olçögalmazhe won't be able to sit | bizçögalmazbızwe won't be able to sit | sizçögalmazsızyou all won't be able to sit | alaçögalmazlathey won't be able to sit |
| Ability — future I | mençögalırmamı? çögalırmıma?will I be able to sit? | sençögalırmısa?will you be able to sit? | olçögalırmı?will he be able to sit? | bizçögalırbızmı? çögalırmıbız?will we be able to sit? | sizçögalırmısız?will you all be able to sit? | alaçögalırlamı? çögalırmıla?will they be able to sit? |
| Ability — future I | mençögalmazmamı? çögalmazmıma?won't I be able to sit? | sençögalmazmısa?won't you be able to sit? | olçögalmazmı?won't he be able to sit? | bizçögalmazbızmı? çögalmazmıbız?won't we be able to sit? | sizçögalmazmısız?won't you all be able to sit? | alaçögalmazlamı? çögalmazmıla?won't they be able to sit? |
| Ability — future II | mençögallıqmaI am going to be able to sit | sençögallıqsayou are going to be able to sit | olçögallıqdıhe is going to be able to sit | bizçögallıqbızwe are going to be able to sit | sizçögallıqsızyou all are going to be able to sit | alaçögallıqdılathey are going to be able to sit |
| Ability — future II | mençögallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to sit | sençögallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to sit | olçögallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to sit | bizçögallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to sit | sizçögallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to sit | alaçögallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to sit |
| Ability — future II | mençögallıqmamı? çögallıqmıma?am I going to be able to sit? | sençögallıqmısa?are you going to be able to sit? | olçögallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to sit? | bizçögallıqbızmı? çögallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to sit? | sizçögallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to sit? | alaçögallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to sit? |
| Ability — future II | mençögallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to sit? | sençögallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to sit? | olçögallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to sit? | bizçögallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to sit? | sizçögallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to sit? | alaçögallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to sit? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençögalır edimçögalır emI would be able to sit | sençögalır ediŋçögalır eŋyou would be able to sit | olçögalır ediçögalır edhe would be able to sit | bizçögalır edikçögalır ekwe would be able to sit | sizçögalır edigizçögalır egizyou all would be able to sit | alaçögalır edileçögalır ellethey would be able to sit |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençögalmaz edimçögalmaz emI wouldn't be able to sit | sençögalmaz ediŋçögalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to sit | olçögalmaz ediçögalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to sit | bizçögalmaz edikçögalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to sit | sizçögalmaz edigizçögalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to sit | alaçögalmaz edileçögalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to sit |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençögalğınçögalğımay you be able to sit | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençögalmağınçögalmağımay you not be able to sit | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençögerge izleymeI want to sit | sençögerge izleyseyou want to sit | olçögerge izleydihe wants to sit | bizçögerge izleybizwe want to sit | sizçögerge izleysizyou all want to sit | alaçögerge izleydilethey want to sit |
| want to | mençögerge izlemeymeI do not want to sit | sençögerge izlemeyseyou do not want to sit | olçögerge izlemeydihe does not want to sit | bizçögerge izlemeybizwe do not want to sit | sizçögerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to sit | alaçögerge izlemeydilethey do not want to sit |
| would like to | mençögerge süemeI would like to sit | sençögerge süeseyou would like to sit | olçögerge süedihe would like to sit | bizçögerge süebizwe would like to sit | sizçögerge süesizyou all would like to sit | alaçögerge süedilethey would like to sit |
| would like to | mençögerge süymeymeI would not like to sit | sençögerge süymeyseyou would not like to sit | olçögerge süymeydihe would not like to sit | bizçögerge süymeybizwe would not like to sit | sizçögerge süymeysizyou all would not like to sit | alaçögerge süymeydilethey would not like to sit |
| hope to | mençögerge umutlanamaI hope to sit | sençögerge umutlanasayou hope to sit | olçögerge umutlanadıhe hopes to sit | bizçögerge umutlanabızwe hope to sit | sizçögerge umutlanasızyou all hope to sit | alaçögerge umutlanadılathey hope to sit |
| hope to | mençögerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to sit | sençögerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to sit | olçögerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to sit | bizçögerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to sit | sizçögerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to sit | alaçögerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to sit |
| be about to | mençögerge deb turamaI am about to sit | sençögerge deb turasayou are about to sit | olçögerge deb turadıhe is about to sit | bizçögerge deb turabızwe are about to sit | sizçögerge deb turasızyou all are about to sit | alaçögerge deb turadılathey are about to sit |
| be about to | mençögerge deb turmaymaI am not about to sit | sençögerge deb turmaysayou are not about to sit | olçögerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to sit | bizçögerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to sit | sizçögerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to sit | alaçögerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to sit |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençögerge kerekmeI need to sit | sençögerge kerekseyou need to sit | olçögerge kerekdihe needs to sit | bizçögerge kerekbizwe need to sit | sizçögerge kereksizyou all need to sit | alaçögerge kerekdilethey need to sit |
| need to | mençögerge kerek tülmeI do not need to sit | sençögerge kerek tülseyou do not need to sit | olçögerge kerek tüldühe does not need to sit | bizçögerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to sit | sizçögerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to sit | alaçögerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to sit |
| have to | menmenŋe çögerge tüşediI have to sit | sensenŋe çögerge tüşediyou have to sit | olaŋa çögerge tüşedihe has to sit | bizbizge çögerge tüşediwe have to sit | sizsizge çögerge tüşediyou all have to sit | alaalağa çögerge tüşedithey have to sit |
| have to | menmenŋe çögerge tüşmeydiI do not have to sit | sensenŋe çögerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to sit | olaŋa çögerge tüşmeydihe does not have to sit | bizbizge çögerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to sit | sizsizge çögerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to sit | alaalağa çögerge tüşmeydithey do not have to sit |
| be obliged to | mençögerge borçlumaI am obliged to sit | sençögerge borçlusayou are obliged to sit | olçögerge borçluduhe is obliged to sit | bizçögerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to sit | sizçögerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to sit | alaçögerge borçludulathey are obliged to sit |
| be obliged to | mençögerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to sit | sençögerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to sit | olçögerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to sit | bizçögerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to sit | sizçögerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to sit | alaçögerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to sit |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençögerge madarım bardıI have a way to sit | sençögerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to sit | olçögerge madarı bardıhe has a way to sit | bizçögerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to sit | sizçögerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to sit | alaçögerge madarları bardıthey have a way to sit |
| have a way to | mençögerge madarım joqduI have no way to sit | sençögerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to sit | olçögerge madarı joqduhe has no way to sit | bizçögerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to sit | sizçögerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to sit | alaçögerge madarları joqduthey have no way to sit |
| be free to | mençögerge erkinligim bardıI am free to sit | sençögerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to sit | olçögerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to sit | bizçögerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to sit | sizçögerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to sit | alaçögerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to sit |
| be free to | mençögerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to sit | sençögerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to sit | olçögerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to sit | bizçögerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to sit | sizçögerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to sit | alaçögerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to sit |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çögerge bolluqduit is possible for me to sit | sensenŋe çögerge bolluqduit is possible for you to sit | olaŋa çögerge bolluqduit is possible for him to sit | bizbizge çögerge bolluqduit is possible for us to sit | sizsizge çögerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to sit | alaalağa çögerge bolluqduit is possible for them to sit |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çögerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to sit | sensenŋe çögerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to sit | olaŋa çögerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to sit | bizbizge çögerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to sit | sizsizge çögerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to sit | alaalağa çögerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to sit |
| be ready to | mençögerge hazırmaI am ready to sit | sençögerge hazırsayou are ready to sit | olçögerge hazırdıhe is ready to sit | bizçögerge hazırbızwe are ready to sit | sizçögerge hazırsızyou all are ready to sit | alaçögerge hazırdılathey are ready to sit |
| be ready to | mençögerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to sit | sençögerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to sit | olçögerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to sit | bizçögerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to sit | sizçögerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to sit | alaçögerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to sit |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençögerge küreşemeI am trying to sit | sençögerge küreşeseyou are trying to sit | olçögerge küreşedihe is trying to sit | bizçögerge küreşebizwe are trying to sit | sizçögerge küreşesizyou all are trying to sit | alaçögerge küreşedilethey are trying to sit |
| try to | mençögerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to sit | sençögerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to sit | olçögerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to sit | bizçögerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to sit | sizçögerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to sit | alaçögerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to sit |
| agree to | mençögerge unaymaI agree to sit | sençögerge unaysayou agree to sit | olçögerge unaydıhe agrees to sit | bizçögerge unaybızwe agree to sit | sizçögerge unaysızyou all agree to sit | alaçögerge unaydılathey agree to sit |
| agree to | mençögerge unamaymaI refuse to sit | sençögerge unamaysayou refuse to sit | olçögerge unamaydıhe refuses to sit | bizçögerge unamaybızwe refuse to sit | sizçögerge unamaysızyou all refuse to sit | alaçögerge unamaydılathey refuse to sit |
| hurry to | mençögerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to sit | sençögerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to sit | olçögerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to sit | bizçögerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to sit | sizçögerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to sit | alaçögerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to sit |
| hurry to | mençögerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to sit | sençögerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to sit | olçögerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to sit | bizçögerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to sit | sizçögerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to sit | alaçögerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to sit |
| be afraid to | mençögerge qorqamaI am afraid to sit | sençögerge qorqasayou are afraid to sit | olçögerge qorqadıhe is afraid to sit | bizçögerge qorqabızwe are afraid to sit | sizçögerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to sit | alaçögerge qorqadılathey are afraid to sit |
| be afraid to | mençögerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to sit | sençögerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to sit | olçögerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to sit | bizçögerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to sit | sizçögerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to sit | alaçögerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to sit |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençöge bolmazmaI can't be sitting | sençöge bolmazsayou can't be sitting | olçöge bolmazhe can't be sitting | bizçöge bolmazbızwe can't be sitting | sizçöge bolmazsızyou all can't be sitting | alaçöge bolmazlathey can't be sitting |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençökmey bolmazmaI must be sitting (emphatic) | sençökmey bolmazsayou must be sitting (emphatic) | olçökmey bolmazhe must be sitting (emphatic) | bizçökmey bolmazbızwe must be sitting (emphatic) | sizçökmey bolmazsızyou all must be sitting (emphatic) | alaçökmey bolmazlathey must be sitting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençöge turmasamif I don't keep sitting | sençöge turmasaŋif you don't keep sitting | olçöge turmasaif he doesn't keep sitting | bizçöge turmasaqif we don't keep sitting | sizçöge turmasağızif you all don't keep sitting | alaçöge turmasalaif they don't keep sitting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençöge tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of sitting | sençöge tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of sitting | olçöge tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of sitting | bizçöge tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of sitting | sizçöge tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of sitting | alaçöge tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of sitting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençökmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not sitting (emphatic) | sençökmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not sitting (emphatic) | olçökmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not sitting (emphatic) | bizçökmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not sitting (emphatic) | sizçökmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not sitting (emphatic) | alaçökmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not sitting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençökmey turamaI keep on not sitting | sençökmey turasayou keep on not sitting | olçökmey turadıhe keeps on not sitting | bizçökmey turabızwe keep on not sitting | sizçökmey turasızyou all keep on not sitting | alaçökmey turadılathey keep on not sitting |
| Progressive — double negation | mençökmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not sitting | sençökmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not sitting | olçökmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not sitting | bizçökmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not sitting | sizçökmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not sitting | alaçökmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not sitting |
| Progressive — double negation | mençökmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not sitting? | sençökmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not sitting? | olçökmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not sitting? | bizçökmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not sitting? | sizçökmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not sitting? | alaçökmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not sitting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençökgen bolmazmaI can't have sat | sençökgen bolmazsayou can't have sat | olçökgen bolmazhe can't have sat | bizçökgen bolmazbızwe can't have sat | sizçökgen bolmazsızyou all can't have sat | alaçökgen bolmazlathey can't have sat |
| Inference — double negation | mençökmegen bolmazmaI must have sat (emphatic) | sençökmegen bolmazsayou must have sat (emphatic) | olçökmegen bolmazhe must have sat (emphatic) | bizçökmegen bolmazbızwe must have sat (emphatic) | sizçökmegen bolmazsızyou all must have sat (emphatic) | alaçökmegen bolmazlathey must have sat (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençökgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had sat | sençökgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had sat | olçökgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had sat | bizçökgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had sat | sizçökgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had sat | alaçökgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had sat |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençökmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't sat | sençökmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't sat | olçökmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't sat | bizçökmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't sat | sizçökmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't sat | alaçökmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't sat |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençögerik bolmazmaI can't be going to sit | sençögerik bolmazsayou can't be going to sit | olçögerik bolmazhe can't be going to sit | bizçögerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to sit | sizçögerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to sit | alaçögerik bolmazlathey can't be going to sit |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençökmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to sit (emphatic) | sençökmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to sit (emphatic) | olçökmezlik bolmazhe must be going to sit (emphatic) | bizçökmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to sit (emphatic) | sizçökmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to sit (emphatic) | alaçökmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to sit (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençögerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to sit | sençögerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to sit | olçögerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to sit | bizçögerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to sit | sizçögerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to sit | alaçögerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to sit |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençökmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to sit | sençökmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to sit | olçökmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to sit | bizçökmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to sit | sizçökmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to sit | alaçökmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to sit |