tumalarğa
/tumalarʁa/
1. cover over, bury under, fill up, hide from view
- qar jolnu tumalağandı — the snow has covered the road over
- jolçuqlanı da tumalağandı — has covered over the paths too
- künnü közün tumaladı — hid the face of the sun from view
- nartüh adamnı tumalarça bolğandı — the corn has grown tall enough to hide a person
- topuraq bla tumalağandıla — they covered it over with earth
2. engulf, drown (of water or a mudflow)
- suw elni tumalağandı — the water engulfed the village
- suw mallanı tumaladı — the water drowned the livestock
- ırhı jolnu tumaladı — the mudflow buried the road
- suw adamnı tumalarça terendi — the water is deep enough to drown a person
3. wipe out, kill, destroy
- duşmannı tumalarğa — to wipe out the enemy
- sen anı tumalarğa kerekse — you must destroy him
- jaw seni tumalağınçı — before the enemy destroys you
- börü qoylanı tumaladı — the wolf killed the sheep
- barı da tumalanŋandıla — they were all wiped out
4. beat, thrash, pummel
- anı tumaladıla — they gave him a thrashing
- jaşnı tumalab ketdile — they beat up the boy and left
- sabiyni tumalamağız — do not thrash the child
- tumalarğa küreşdi — he tried to thrash
5. finish off, polish off, get something done with
- işni tumalarğa — to get the work done with
- işni tumaladıq — we finished off the work
- har zatnı tumaladıq — we polished everything off
- söznü tumaladı — he brought the talk to an end
6. dump, throw down (somewhere); bury in the ground — With jerge it means throw to the ground or bury in the ground. one source
- jerge tumalarğa — to bury in the ground; to throw down to the ground
- qabnı jerge tumaladı — he dumped the sack on the ground
Conjugation
Common forms
- tumalaydıhe is covering over
- tumaladıhe covered over
- tumalağandıhe has covered over
- tumalarhe will cover over
- tumalarıqdıhe is going to cover over
- tumalay edihe was covering over
- tumalasaif he covers over
- tumala!cover over!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentumalaymaI am covering over | sentumalaysayou are covering over | oltumalaydıhe is covering over | biztumalaybızwe are covering over | siztumalaysızyou all are covering over | alatumalaydılathey are covering over |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentumalamaymaI am not covering over | sentumalamaysayou are not covering over | oltumalamaydıhe is not covering over | biztumalamaybızwe are not covering over | siztumalamaysızyou all are not covering over | alatumalamaydılathey are not covering over |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentumalaymamı? tumalaymıma?am I covering over? | sentumalaymısa?are you covering over? | oltumalaymıdı?is he covering over? | biztumalaybızmı? tumalaymıbız?are we covering over? | siztumalaymısız?are you all covering over? | alatumalaymıdıla?are they covering over? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentumalamaymamı? tumalamaymıma?aren't I covering over? | sentumalamaymısa?aren't you covering over? | oltumalamaymıdı?isn't he covering over? | biztumalamaybızmı? tumalamaymıbız?aren't we covering over? | siztumalamaymısız?aren't you all covering over? | alatumalamaymıdıla?aren't they covering over? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentumalawçanmaI usually cover over | sentumalawçansayou usually cover over | oltumalawçandıhe usually covers over | biztumalawçanbızwe usually cover over | siztumalawçansızyou all usually cover over | alatumalawçandılathey usually cover over |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentumalamawçanmaI usually don't cover over | sentumalamawçansayou usually don't cover over | oltumalamawçandıhe usually doesn't cover over | biztumalamawçanbızwe usually don't cover over | siztumalamawçansızyou all usually don't cover over | alatumalamawçandılathey usually don't cover over |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentumalawçanmamı? tumalawçanmıma?do I usually cover over? | sentumalawçanmısa?do you usually cover over? | oltumalawçanmıdı?does he usually cover over? | biztumalawçanbızmı? tumalawçanmıbız?do we usually cover over? | siztumalawçanmısız?do you all usually cover over? | alatumalawçanmıdıla?do they usually cover over? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentumalamawçanmamı? tumalamawçanmıma?do I usually not cover over? | sentumalamawçanmısa?do you usually not cover over? | oltumalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not cover over? | biztumalamawçanbızmı? tumalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not cover over? | siztumalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not cover over? | alatumalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not cover over? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltumalabdıhe has covered over and remains so | alatumalabdılathey have covered over and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltumalabmıdı?has he covered over? | alatumalabmıdıla?have they covered over? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentumalab turamaI keep covering over | sentumalab turasayou keep covering over | oltumalab turadıhe keeps covering over | biztumalab turabızwe keep covering over | siztumalab turasızyou all keep covering over | alatumalab turadılathey keep covering over |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentumalab turmaymaI don't keep covering over | sentumalab turmaysayou don't keep covering over | oltumalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep covering over | biztumalab turmaybızwe don't keep covering over | siztumalab turmaysızyou all don't keep covering over | alatumalab turmaydılathey don't keep covering over |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentumalab turamamı? tumalab turamıma?do I keep covering over? | sentumalab turamısa?do you keep covering over? | oltumalab turamıdı?does he keep covering over? | biztumalab turabızmı? tumalab turamıbız?do we keep covering over? | siztumalab turamısız?do you all keep covering over? | alatumalab turamıdıla?do they keep covering over? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentumalab turmaymamı? tumalab turmaymıma?don't I keep covering over? | sentumalab turmaymısa?don't you keep covering over? | oltumalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep covering over? | biztumalab turmaybızmı? tumalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep covering over? | siztumalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep covering over? | alatumalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep covering over? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentumalay turamaI am in the middle of covering over | sentumalay turasayou are in the middle of covering over | oltumalay turadıhe is in the middle of covering over | biztumalay turabızwe are in the middle of covering over | siztumalay turasızyou all are in the middle of covering over | alatumalay turadılathey are in the middle of covering over |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentumalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of covering over | sentumalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of covering over | oltumalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of covering over | biztumalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of covering over | siztumalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of covering over | alatumalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of covering over |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentumalay turamamı? tumalay turamıma?am I in the middle of covering over? | sentumalay turamısa?are you in the middle of covering over? | oltumalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of covering over? | biztumalay turabızmı? tumalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of covering over? | siztumalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of covering over? | alatumalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of covering over? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentumalay turmaymamı? tumalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of covering over? | sentumalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of covering over? | oltumalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of covering over? | biztumalay turmaybızmı? tumalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of covering over? | siztumalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of covering over? | alatumalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of covering over? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentumaladımI covered over | sentumaladıŋyou covered over | oltumaladıhe covered over | biztumaladıqwe covered over | siztumaladığızyou all covered over | alatumaladılathey covered over |
| Simple past (definite) | mentumalamadımI didn't cover over | sentumalamadıŋyou didn't cover over | oltumalamadıhe didn't cover over | biztumalamadıqwe didn't cover over | siztumalamadığızyou all didn't cover over | alatumalamadılathey didn't cover over |
| Simple past (definite) | mentumaladımmı?did I cover over? | sentumaladıŋmı?did you cover over? | oltumaladımı?did he cover over? | biztumaladıqmı?did we cover over? | siztumaladığızmı?did you all cover over? | alatumaladılamı?did they cover over? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentumalamadımmı?didn't I cover over? | sentumalamadıŋmı?didn't you cover over? | oltumalamadımı?didn't he cover over? | biztumalamadıqmı?didn't we cover over? | siztumalamadığızmı?didn't you all cover over? | alatumalamadılamı?didn't they cover over? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentumalağanmaI have covered over | sentumalağansayou have covered over | oltumalağandıhe has covered over | biztumalağanbızwe have covered over | siztumalağansızyou all have covered over | alatumalağandılathey have covered over |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentumalamağanmaI haven't covered over | sentumalamağansayou haven't covered over | oltumalamağandıhe hasn't covered over | biztumalamağanbızwe haven't covered over | siztumalamağansızyou all haven't covered over | alatumalamağandılathey haven't covered over |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentumalağanmamı? tumalağanmıma?have I covered over? | sentumalağanmısa?have you covered over? | oltumalağanmıdı?has he covered over? | biztumalağanbızmı? tumalağanmıbız?have we covered over? | siztumalağanmısız?have you all covered over? | alatumalağanmıdıla?have they covered over? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentumalamağanmamı? tumalamağanmıma?haven't I covered over? | sentumalamağanmısa?haven't you covered over? | oltumalamağanmıdı?hasn't he covered over? | biztumalamağanbızmı? tumalamağanmıbız?haven't we covered over? | siztumalamağanmısız?haven't you all covered over? | alatumalamağanmıdıla?haven't they covered over? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentumalab turdumI kept covering over | sentumalab turduŋyou kept covering over | oltumalab turduhe kept covering over | biztumalab turduqwe kept covering over | siztumalab turduğuzyou all kept covering over | alatumalab turdulathey kept covering over |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentumalab turmadımI didn't keep covering over | sentumalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep covering over | oltumalab turmadıhe didn't keep covering over | biztumalab turmadıqwe didn't keep covering over | siztumalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep covering over | alatumalab turmadılathey didn't keep covering over |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentumalarmaI will cover over | sentumalarsayou will cover over | oltumalarhe will cover over | biztumalarbızwe will cover over | siztumalarsızyou all will cover over | alatumalarlathey will cover over |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentumalamazmaI won't cover over | sentumalamazsayou won't cover over | oltumalamazhe won't cover over | biztumalamazbızwe won't cover over | siztumalamazsızyou all won't cover over | alatumalamazlathey won't cover over |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentumalarmamı? tumalarmıma?will I cover over? | sentumalarmısa?will you cover over? | oltumalarmı?will he cover over? | biztumalarbızmı? tumalarmıbız?will we cover over? | siztumalarmısız?will you all cover over? | alatumalarlamı? tumalarmıla?will they cover over? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentumalamazmamı? tumalamazmıma?won't I cover over? | sentumalamazmısa?won't you cover over? | oltumalamazmı?won't he cover over? | biztumalamazbızmı? tumalamazmıbız?won't we cover over? | siztumalamazmısız?won't you all cover over? | alatumalamazlamı? tumalamazmıla?won't they cover over? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentumalarıqmaI am going to cover over | sentumalarıqsayou are going to cover over | oltumalarıqdıhe is going to cover over | biztumalarıqbızwe are going to cover over | siztumalarıqsızyou all are going to cover over | alatumalarıqdılathey are going to cover over |
| Definite future (future II) | mentumalarıq tülmeI am not going to cover over | sentumalarıq tülseyou are not going to cover over | oltumalarıq tüldühe is not going to cover over | biztumalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to cover over | siztumalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to cover over | alatumalarıq tüldülethey are not going to cover over |
| Definite future (future II) | mentumalarıqmamı? tumalarıqmıma?am I going to cover over? | sentumalarıqmısa?are you going to cover over? | oltumalarıqmıdı?is he going to cover over? | biztumalarıqbızmı? tumalarıqmıbız?are we going to cover over? | siztumalarıqmısız?are you all going to cover over? | alatumalarıqmıdıla?are they going to cover over? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentumalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to cover over? | sentumalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to cover over? | oltumalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to cover over? | biztumalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to cover over? | siztumalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to cover over? | alatumalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to cover over? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentumalağan edimtumalağanemI had covered over | sentumalağan ediŋtumalağaneŋyou had covered over | oltumalağan editumalağanedhe had covered over | biztumalağan ediktumalağanekwe had covered over | siztumalağan edigiztumalağanegizyou all had covered over | alatumalağan ediletumalağanellethey had covered over |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentumalamağan edimtumalamağanemI hadn't covered over | sentumalamağan ediŋtumalamağaneŋyou hadn't covered over | oltumalamağan editumalamağanedhe hadn't covered over | biztumalamağan ediktumalamağanekwe hadn't covered over | siztumalamağan edigiztumalamağanegizyou all hadn't covered over | alatumalamağan ediletumalamağanellethey hadn't covered over |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentumalay edimtumalayemI was covering over | sentumalay ediŋtumalayeŋyou were covering over | oltumalay editumalayedhe was covering over | biztumalay ediktumalayekwe were covering over | siztumalay edigiztumalayegizyou all were covering over | alatumalay ediletumalayellethey were covering over |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentumalamay edimtumalamayemI wasn't covering over | sentumalamay ediŋtumalamayeŋyou weren't covering over | oltumalamay editumalamayedhe wasn't covering over | biztumalamay ediktumalamayekwe weren't covering over | siztumalamay edigiztumalamayegizyou all weren't covering over | alatumalamay ediletumalamayellethey weren't covering over |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentumalawçan edimtumalawçanemI used to cover over | sentumalawçan ediŋtumalawçaneŋyou used to cover over | oltumalawçan editumalawçanedhe used to cover over | biztumalawçan ediktumalawçanekwe used to cover over | siztumalawçan edigiztumalawçanegizyou all used to cover over | alatumalawçan ediletumalawçanellethey used to cover over |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentumalamawçan edimtumalamawçanemI didn't use to cover over | sentumalamawçan ediŋtumalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to cover over | oltumalamawçan editumalamawçanedhe didn't use to cover over | biztumalamawçan ediktumalamawçanekwe didn't use to cover over | siztumalamawçan edigiztumalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to cover over | alatumalamawçan ediletumalamawçanellethey didn't use to cover over |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltumalab edihe had covered over and remained so | alatumalab edilethey had covered over and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltumalab tül edihe hadn't covered over | alatumalab tül edilethey hadn't covered over | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentumalab tura edimtumalab turaemI had kept covering over | sentumalab tura ediŋtumalab turaeŋyou had kept covering over | oltumalab tura editumalab turaedhe had kept covering over | biztumalab tura ediktumalab turaekwe had kept covering over | siztumalab tura edigiztumalab turaegizyou all had kept covering over | alatumalab tura ediletumalab turaellethey had kept covering over |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentumalab turmay edimtumalab turmayemI hadn't kept covering over | sentumalab turmay ediŋtumalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept covering over | oltumalab turmay editumalab turmayedhe hadn't kept covering over | biztumalab turmay ediktumalab turmayekwe hadn't kept covering over | siztumalab turmay edigiztumalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept covering over | alatumalab turmay ediletumalab turmayellethey hadn't kept covering over |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentumalay tura edimtumalay turaemI was in the middle of covering over | sentumalay tura ediŋtumalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of covering over | oltumalay tura editumalay turaedhe was in the middle of covering over | biztumalay tura ediktumalay turaekwe were in the middle of covering over | siztumalay tura edigiztumalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of covering over | alatumalay tura ediletumalay turaellethey were in the middle of covering over |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentumalay turmay edimtumalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of covering over | sentumalay turmay ediŋtumalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of covering over | oltumalay turmay editumalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of covering over | biztumalay turmay ediktumalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of covering over | siztumalay turmay edigiztumalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of covering over | alatumalay turmay ediletumalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of covering over |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentumalar edimtumalar emI would cover over | sentumalar ediŋtumalar eŋyou would cover over | oltumalar editumalar edhe would cover over | biztumalar ediktumalar ekwe would cover over | siztumalar edigiztumalar egizyou all would cover over | alatumalar ediletumalar ellethey would cover over |
| Conditional result (would) | mentumalamaz edimtumalamaz emI wouldn't cover over | sentumalamaz ediŋtumalamaz eŋyou wouldn't cover over | oltumalamaz editumalamaz edhe wouldn't cover over | biztumalamaz ediktumalamaz ekwe wouldn't cover over | siztumalamaz edigiztumalamaz egizyou all wouldn't cover over | alatumalamaz ediletumalamaz ellethey wouldn't cover over |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentumalarıq edimtumalarıq emI would have covered over | sentumalarıq ediŋtumalarıq eŋyou would have covered over | oltumalarıq editumalarıq edhe would have covered over | biztumalarıq ediktumalarıq ekwe would have covered over | siztumalarıq edigiztumalarıq egizyou all would have covered over | alatumalarıq ediletumalarıq ellethey would have covered over |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentumalarıq tül edimtumalarıq tül emI wouldn't have covered over | sentumalarıq tül ediŋtumalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have covered over | oltumalarıq tül editumalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have covered over | biztumalarıq tül ediktumalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have covered over | siztumalarıq tül edigiztumalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have covered over | alatumalarıq tül ediletumalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have covered over |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentumalasamif I cover over | sentumalasaŋif you cover over | oltumalasaif he covers over | biztumalasaqif we cover over | siztumalasağızif you all cover over | alatumalasalaif they cover over |
| Conditional | mentumalamasamif I don't cover over | sentumalamasaŋif you don't cover over | oltumalamasaif he doesn't cover over | biztumalamasaqif we don't cover over | siztumalamasağızif you all don't cover over | alatumalamasalaif they don't cover over |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentumalay esemif I am covering over | sentumalay eseŋif you are covering over | oltumalay eseif he is covering over | biztumalay esekif we are covering over | siztumalay esegizif you all are covering over | alatumalay eseleif they are covering over |
| Conditional, present real | mentumalamay esemif I am not covering over | sentumalamay eseŋif you are not covering over | oltumalamay eseif he is not covering over | biztumalamay esekif we are not covering over | siztumalamay esegizif you all are not covering over | alatumalamay eseleif they are not covering over |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentumalasam editumalasam edif only I covered over | sentumalasaŋ editumalasaŋ edif only you covered over | oltumalasa editumalasaedif only he covered over | biztumalasaq editumalasaq edif only we covered over | siztumalasağız editumalasağız edif only you all covered over | alatumalasala editumalasalaedif only they covered over |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentumalamasam editumalamasam edif only I didn't cover over | sentumalamasaŋ editumalamasaŋ edif only you didn't cover over | oltumalamasa editumalamasaedif only he didn't cover over | biztumalamasaq editumalamasaq edif only we didn't cover over | siztumalamasağız editumalamasağız edif only you all didn't cover over | alatumalamasala editumalamasalaedif only they didn't cover over |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentumalab tursamif I carry on covering over | sentumalab tursaŋif you carry on covering over | oltumalab tursaif he carries on covering over | biztumalab tursaqif we carry on covering over | siztumalab tursağızif you all carry on covering over | alatumalab tursalaif they carry on covering over |
| Durative conditional | mentumalab turmasamif I don't carry on covering over | sentumalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on covering over | oltumalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on covering over | biztumalab turmasaqif we don't carry on covering over | siztumalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on covering over | alatumalab turmasalaif they don't carry on covering over |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentumalab tura esemif I have kept covering over | sentumalab tura eseŋif you have kept covering over | oltumalab tura eseif he has kept covering over | biztumalab tura esekif we have kept covering over | siztumalab tura esegizif you all have kept covering over | alatumalab tura eseleif they have kept covering over |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentumalab turmay esemif I haven't kept covering over | sentumalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept covering over | oltumalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept covering over | biztumalab turmay esekif we haven't kept covering over | siztumalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept covering over | alatumalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept covering over |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentumalay tursamif I keep covering over | sentumalay tursaŋif you keep covering over | oltumalay tursaif he keeps covering over | biztumalay tursaqif we keep covering over | siztumalay tursağızif you all keep covering over | alatumalay tursalaif they keep covering over |
| Progressive conditional | mentumalamay tursamif I keep on not covering over | sentumalamay tursaŋif you keep on not covering over | oltumalamay tursaif he keeps on not covering over | biztumalamay tursaqif we keep on not covering over | siztumalamay tursağızif you all keep on not covering over | alatumalamay tursalaif they keep on not covering over |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentumalay tura esemif I am in the middle of covering over | sentumalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of covering over | oltumalay tura eseif he is in the middle of covering over | biztumalay tura esekif we are in the middle of covering over | siztumalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of covering over | alatumalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of covering over |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentumalamay tura esemif I keep on not covering over | sentumalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not covering over | oltumalamay tura eseif he keeps on not covering over | biztumalamay tura esekif we keep on not covering over | siztumalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not covering over | alatumalamay tura eseleif they keep on not covering over |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentumaladım esemif I covered over | sentumaladıŋ eseŋif you covered over | oltumaladı eseif he covered over | biztumaladıq esekif we covered over | siztumaladığız esegizif you all covered over | alatumaladıla eseleif they covered over |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentumalamadım esemif I didn't cover over | sentumalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't cover over | oltumalamadı eseif he didn't cover over | biztumalamadıq esekif we didn't cover over | siztumalamadığız esegizif you all didn't cover over | alatumalamadıla eseleif they didn't cover over |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentumalağan esemif I did cover over (indeed) | sentumalağan eseŋif you did cover over (indeed) | oltumalağan eseif he did cover over (indeed) | biztumalağan esekif we did cover over (indeed) | siztumalağan esegizif you all did cover over (indeed) | alatumalağan eseleif they did cover over (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentumalamağan esemif I didn't cover over (indeed) | sentumalamağan eseŋif you didn't cover over (indeed) | oltumalamağan eseif he didn't cover over (indeed) | biztumalamağan esekif we didn't cover over (indeed) | siztumalamağan esegizif you all didn't cover over (indeed) | alatumalamağan eseleif they didn't cover over (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentumalağan bolsamif I had covered over | sentumalağan bolsaŋif you had covered over | oltumalağan bolsaif he had covered over | biztumalağan bolsaqif we had covered over | siztumalağan bolsağızif you all had covered over | alatumalağan bolsalaif they had covered over |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentumalamağan bolsamif I hadn't covered over | sentumalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't covered over | oltumalamağan bolsaif he hadn't covered over | biztumalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't covered over | siztumalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't covered over | alatumalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't covered over |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentumalağan bolsam editumalağan bolsam edif only I had covered over | sentumalağan bolsaŋ editumalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had covered over | oltumalağan bolsa editumalağan bolsaedif only he had covered over | biztumalağan bolsaq editumalağan bolsaq edif only we had covered over | siztumalağan bolsağız editumalağan bolsağız edif only you all had covered over | alatumalağan bolsala editumalağan bolsalaedif only they had covered over |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentumalamağan bolsam editumalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't covered over | sentumalamağan bolsaŋ editumalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't covered over | oltumalamağan bolsa editumalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't covered over | biztumalamağan bolsaq editumalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't covered over | siztumalamağan bolsağız editumalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't covered over | alatumalamağan bolsala editumalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't covered over |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentumalar esemif I will cover over | sentumalar eseŋif you will cover over | oltumalar eseif he will cover over | biztumalar esekif we will cover over | siztumalar esegizif you all will cover over | alatumalar eseleif they will cover over |
| Conditional, aorist | mentumalamaz esemif I won't cover over | sentumalamaz eseŋif you won't cover over | oltumalamaz eseif he won't cover over | biztumalamaz esekif we won't cover over | siztumalamaz esegizif you all won't cover over | alatumalamaz eseleif they won't cover over |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentumalarıq esemif I am going to cover over | sentumalarıq eseŋif you are going to cover over | oltumalarıq eseif he is going to cover over | biztumalarıq esekif we are going to cover over | siztumalarıq esegizif you all are going to cover over | alatumalarıq eseleif they are going to cover over |
| Conditional, future | mentumalarıq tül esemif I am not going to cover over | sentumalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to cover over | oltumalarıq tül eseif he is not going to cover over | biztumalarıq tül esekif we are not going to cover over | siztumalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to cover over | alatumalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to cover over |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentumalarıq bolsamif I were going to cover over | sentumalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to cover over | oltumalarıq bolsaif he were going to cover over | biztumalarıq bolsaqif we were going to cover over | siztumalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to cover over | alatumalarıq bolsalaif they were going to cover over |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentumalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to cover over | sentumalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to cover over | oltumalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to cover over | biztumalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to cover over | siztumalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to cover over | alatumalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to cover over |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tumaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentumalay bolurmaI must be covering over | sentumalay bolursayou must be covering over | oltumalay bolurhe must be covering over | biztumalay bolurbuzwe must be covering over | siztumalay bolursuzyou all must be covering over | alatumalay bolurlathey must be covering over |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentumalamay bolurmaI must not be covering over | sentumalamay bolursayou must not be covering over | oltumalamay bolurhe must not be covering over | biztumalamay bolurbuzwe must not be covering over | siztumalamay bolursuzyou all must not be covering over | alatumalamay bolurlathey must not be covering over |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentumalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of covering over | sentumalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of covering over | oltumalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of covering over | biztumalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of covering over | siztumalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of covering over | alatumalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of covering over |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentumalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not covering over | sentumalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not covering over | oltumalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not covering over | biztumalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not covering over | siztumalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not covering over | alatumalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not covering over |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentumalağan bolurmaI must have covered over | sentumalağan bolursayou must have covered over | oltumalağan bolurhe must have covered over | biztumalağan bolurbuzwe must have covered over | siztumalağan bolursuzyou all must have covered over | alatumalağan bolurlathey must have covered over |
| Inference (must have) | mentumalamağan bolurmaI must not have covered over | sentumalamağan bolursayou must not have covered over | oltumalamağan bolurhe must not have covered over | biztumalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have covered over | siztumalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have covered over | alatumalamağan bolurlathey must not have covered over |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentumalarıq bolurmaI must be going to cover over | sentumalarıq bolursayou must be going to cover over | oltumalarıq bolurhe must be going to cover over | biztumalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to cover over | siztumalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to cover over | alatumalarıq bolurlathey must be going to cover over |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentumalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to cover over | sentumalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to cover over | oltumalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to cover over | biztumalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to cover over | siztumalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to cover over | alatumalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to cover over |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentumalayımlet me cover over | sentumala!cover over! | oltumalasınlet him cover over | biztumalayıqlet's cover over | siztumalağız!cover over, you all! | alatumalasınlalet them cover over |
| Commands & suggestions | mentumalamayımlet me not cover over | sentumalama!don't cover over! | oltumalamasınlet him not cover over | biztumalamayıqlet's not cover over | siztumalamağız!don't cover over, you all! | alatumalamasınlalet them not cover over |
| Commands & suggestions | mentumalayımmı?shall I cover over? | oltumalasınmı?should he cover over? | biztumalayıqmı?shall we cover over? | alatumalasınlamı?should they cover over? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentumalamayımmı?shall I not cover over? | oltumalamasınmı?should he not cover over? | biztumalamayıqmı?shall we not cover over? | alatumalamasınlamı?should they not cover over? | ||
| Requests | sentumalaçı2tumalaçınplease cover over | oltumalasınçıdo let him cover over | siztumalaçığızplease cover over (plural/polite) | alatumalasınlaçıdo let them cover over | ||
| Requests | sentumalamaçı2tumalamaçınplease don't cover over | oltumalamasınçıdo let him not cover over | siztumalamaçığızplease don't cover over (plural/polite) | alatumalamasınlaçıdo let them not cover over | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentumalağıntumalağımay you cover over | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentumalamağıntumalamağımay you not cover over | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentumalağay edim tumalağa edimwould that I covered over | sentumalağay ediŋ tumalağa ediŋwould that you covered over | oltumalağay edi tumalağa ediwould that he covered over | biztumalağay edik tumalağa edikwould that we covered over | siztumalağay edigiz tumalağa edigizwould that you all covered over | alatumalağay edile tumalağa edilewould that they covered over |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentumalamağay edim tumalamağa edimwould that I did not cover over | sentumalamağay ediŋ tumalamağa ediŋwould that you did not cover over | oltumalamağay edi tumalamağa ediwould that he did not cover over | biztumalamağay edik tumalamağa edikwould that we did not cover over | siztumalamağay edigiz tumalamağa edigizwould that you all did not cover over | alatumalamağay edile tumalamağa edilewould that they did not cover over |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentumalamağa qoyayımtumalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to cover over | sentumalamağa qoy!tumalama qoy!let someone cover over! | oltumalamağa qoysuntumalama qoysunlet him allow someone to cover over | biztumalamağa qoyayıqtumalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to cover over | siztumalamağa qoyuğuz!tumalama qoyuğuz!let someone cover over, you all! | alatumalamağa qoysunlatumalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to cover over |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentumalamağa qoymayımtumalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to cover over | sentumalamağa qoyma!tumalama qoyma!don't let someone cover over! | oltumalamağa qoymasıntumalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to cover over | biztumalamağa qoymayıqtumalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to cover over | siztumalamağa qoymağız!tumalama qoymağız!don't let someone cover over, you all! | alatumalamağa qoymasınlatumalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to cover over |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentumalamağa qoyayımmı?tumalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to cover over? | oltumalamağa qoysunmu?tumalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to cover over? | biztumalamağa qoyayıqmı?tumalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to cover over? | alatumalamağa qoysunlamı?tumalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to cover over? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentumalamağa qoymayımmı?tumalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to cover over? | oltumalamağa qoymasınmı?tumalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to cover over? | biztumalamağa qoymayıqmı?tumalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to cover over? | alatumalamağa qoymasınlamı?tumalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to cover over? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentumalamağa qoyamatumalama qoyamaI allow someone to cover over | sentumalamağa qoyasatumalama qoyasayou allow someone to cover over | oltumalamağa qoyadıtumalama qoyadıhe allows someone to cover over | biztumalamağa qoyabıztumalama qoyabızwe allow someone to cover over | siztumalamağa qoyasıztumalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to cover over | alatumalamağa qoyadılatumalama qoyadılathey allow someone to cover over |
| Let someone… (present) | mentumalamağa qoymaymatumalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to cover over | sentumalamağa qoymaysatumalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to cover over | oltumalamağa qoymaydıtumalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to cover over | biztumalamağa qoymaybıztumalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to cover over | siztumalamağa qoymaysıztumalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to cover over | alatumalamağa qoymaydılatumalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to cover over |
| Let someone… (present) | mentumalamağa qoyamamı?tumalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to cover over? | sentumalamağa qoyamısa?tumalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to cover over? | oltumalamağa qoyamıdı?tumalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to cover over? | biztumalamağa qoyabızmı?tumalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to cover over? | siztumalamağa qoyamısız?tumalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to cover over? | alatumalamağa qoyamıdıla?tumalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to cover over? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentumalamağa qoymaymamı?tumalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to cover over? | sentumalamağa qoymaymısa?tumalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to cover over? | oltumalamağa qoymaymıdı?tumalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to cover over? | biztumalamağa qoymaybızmı?tumalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to cover over? | siztumalamağa qoymaymısız?tumalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to cover over? | alatumalamağa qoymaymıdıla?tumalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to cover over? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentumalamağa qoydumtumalama qoydumI allowed someone to cover over | sentumalamağa qoyduŋtumalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to cover over | oltumalamağa qoydutumalama qoyduhe allowed someone to cover over | biztumalamağa qoyduqtumalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to cover over | siztumalamağa qoyduğuztumalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to cover over | alatumalamağa qoydulatumalama qoydulathey allowed someone to cover over |
| Let someone… (past) | mentumalamağa qoymadımtumalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to cover over | sentumalamağa qoymadıŋtumalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to cover over | oltumalamağa qoymadıtumalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to cover over | biztumalamağa qoymadıqtumalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to cover over | siztumalamağa qoymadığıztumalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to cover over | alatumalamağa qoymadılatumalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to cover over |
| Let someone… (past) | mentumalamağa qoydummu?tumalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to cover over? | sentumalamağa qoyduŋmu?tumalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to cover over? | oltumalamağa qoydumu?tumalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to cover over? | biztumalamağa qoyduqmu?tumalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to cover over? | siztumalamağa qoyduğuzmu?tumalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to cover over? | alatumalamağa qoydulamı?tumalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to cover over? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentumalamağa qoymadımmı?tumalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to cover over? | sentumalamağa qoymadıŋmı?tumalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to cover over? | oltumalamağa qoymadımı?tumalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to cover over? | biztumalamağa qoymadıqmı?tumalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to cover over? | siztumalamağa qoymadığızmı?tumalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to cover over? | alatumalamağa qoymadılamı?tumalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to cover over? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tumalayalırğa be able to cover over · tumalayalmazğa be unable to cover over
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentumalayalamaI can cover over | sentumalayalasayou can cover over | oltumalayaladıhe can cover over | biztumalayalabızwe can cover over | siztumalayalasızyou all can cover over | alatumalayaladılathey can cover over |
| Ability — present | mentumalayalmaymaI can't cover over | sentumalayalmaysayou can't cover over | oltumalayalmaydıhe can't cover over | biztumalayalmaybızwe can't cover over | siztumalayalmaysızyou all can't cover over | alatumalayalmaydılathey can't cover over |
| Ability — present | mentumalayalamamı? tumalayalamıma?can I cover over? | sentumalayalamısa?can you cover over? | oltumalayalamıdı?can he cover over? | biztumalayalabızmı? tumalayalamıbız?can we cover over? | siztumalayalamısız?can you all cover over? | alatumalayalamıdıla?can they cover over? |
| Ability — present | mentumalayalmaymamı? tumalayalmaymıma?can't I cover over? | sentumalayalmaymısa?can't you cover over? | oltumalayalmaymıdı?can't he cover over? | biztumalayalmaybızmı? tumalayalmaymıbız?can't we cover over? | siztumalayalmaymısız?can't you all cover over? | alatumalayalmaymıdıla?can't they cover over? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentumalayalsamif I can cover over | sentumalayalsaŋif you can cover over | oltumalayalsaif he can cover over | biztumalayalsaqif we can cover over | siztumalayalsağızif you all can cover over | alatumalayalsalaif they can cover over |
| Ability — if I can… | mentumalayalmasamif I can't cover over | sentumalayalmasaŋif you can't cover over | oltumalayalmasaif he can't cover over | biztumalayalmasaqif we can't cover over | siztumalayalmasağızif you all can't cover over | alatumalayalmasalaif they can't cover over |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentumalayaldımI was able to cover over | sentumalayaldıŋyou were able to cover over | oltumalayaldıhe was able to cover over | biztumalayaldıqwe were able to cover over | siztumalayaldığızyou all were able to cover over | alatumalayaldılathey were able to cover over |
| Ability — simple past | mentumalayalmadımI could not cover over | sentumalayalmadıŋyou could not cover over | oltumalayalmadıhe could not cover over | biztumalayalmadıqwe could not cover over | siztumalayalmadığızyou all could not cover over | alatumalayalmadılathey could not cover over |
| Ability — simple past | mentumalayaldımmı?was I able to cover over? | sentumalayaldıŋmı?were you able to cover over? | oltumalayaldımı?was he able to cover over? | biztumalayaldıqmı?were we able to cover over? | siztumalayaldığızmı?were you all able to cover over? | alatumalayaldılamı?were they able to cover over? |
| Ability — simple past | mentumalayalmadımmı?couldn't I cover over? | sentumalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you cover over? | oltumalayalmadımı?couldn't he cover over? | biztumalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we cover over? | siztumalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all cover over? | alatumalayalmadılamı?couldn't they cover over? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentumalayalğanmaI have been able to cover over | sentumalayalğansayou have been able to cover over | oltumalayalğandıhe has been able to cover over | biztumalayalğanbızwe have been able to cover over | siztumalayalğansızyou all have been able to cover over | alatumalayalğandılathey have been able to cover over |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentumalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to cover over | sentumalayalmağansayou haven't been able to cover over | oltumalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to cover over | biztumalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to cover over | siztumalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to cover over | alatumalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to cover over |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentumalayalğanmamı? tumalayalğanmıma?have I been able to cover over? | sentumalayalğanmısa?have you been able to cover over? | oltumalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to cover over? | biztumalayalğanbızmı? tumalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to cover over? | siztumalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to cover over? | alatumalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to cover over? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentumalayalmağanmamı? tumalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to cover over? | sentumalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to cover over? | oltumalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to cover over? | biztumalayalmağanbızmı? tumalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to cover over? | siztumalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to cover over? | alatumalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to cover over? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentumalayalğan edimtumalayalğanemI had been able to cover over | sentumalayalğan ediŋtumalayalğaneŋyou had been able to cover over | oltumalayalğan editumalayalğanedhe had been able to cover over | biztumalayalğan ediktumalayalğanekwe had been able to cover over | siztumalayalğan edigiztumalayalğanegizyou all had been able to cover over | alatumalayalğan ediletumalayalğanellethey had been able to cover over |
| Ability — past perfect | mentumalayalmağan edimtumalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to cover over | sentumalayalmağan ediŋtumalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to cover over | oltumalayalmağan editumalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to cover over | biztumalayalmağan ediktumalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to cover over | siztumalayalmağan edigiztumalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to cover over | alatumalayalmağan ediletumalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to cover over |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentumalayala edimtumalayalaemI could cover over | sentumalayala ediŋtumalayalaeŋyou could cover over | oltumalayala editumalayalaedhe could cover over | biztumalayala ediktumalayalaekwe could cover over | siztumalayala edigiztumalayalaegizyou all could cover over | alatumalayala ediletumalayalaellethey could cover over |
| Ability — past background | mentumalayalmay edimtumalayalmayemI could not cover over | sentumalayalmay ediŋtumalayalmayeŋyou could not cover over | oltumalayalmay editumalayalmayedhe could not cover over | biztumalayalmay ediktumalayalmayekwe could not cover over | siztumalayalmay edigiztumalayalmayegizyou all could not cover over | alatumalayalmay ediletumalayalmayellethey could not cover over |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentumalayalırmaI will be able to cover over | sentumalayalırsayou will be able to cover over | oltumalayalırhe will be able to cover over | biztumalayalırbızwe will be able to cover over | siztumalayalırsızyou all will be able to cover over | alatumalayalırlathey will be able to cover over |
| Ability — future I | mentumalayalmazmaI won't be able to cover over | sentumalayalmazsayou won't be able to cover over | oltumalayalmazhe won't be able to cover over | biztumalayalmazbızwe won't be able to cover over | siztumalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to cover over | alatumalayalmazlathey won't be able to cover over |
| Ability — future I | mentumalayalırmamı? tumalayalırmıma?will I be able to cover over? | sentumalayalırmısa?will you be able to cover over? | oltumalayalırmı?will he be able to cover over? | biztumalayalırbızmı? tumalayalırmıbız?will we be able to cover over? | siztumalayalırmısız?will you all be able to cover over? | alatumalayalırlamı? tumalayalırmıla?will they be able to cover over? |
| Ability — future I | mentumalayalmazmamı? tumalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to cover over? | sentumalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to cover over? | oltumalayalmazmı?won't he be able to cover over? | biztumalayalmazbızmı? tumalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to cover over? | siztumalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to cover over? | alatumalayalmazlamı? tumalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to cover over? |
| Ability — future II | mentumalayallıqmaI am going to be able to cover over | sentumalayallıqsayou are going to be able to cover over | oltumalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to cover over | biztumalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to cover over | siztumalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to cover over | alatumalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to cover over |
| Ability — future II | mentumalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to cover over | sentumalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to cover over | oltumalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to cover over | biztumalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to cover over | siztumalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to cover over | alatumalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to cover over |
| Ability — future II | mentumalayallıqmamı? tumalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to cover over? | sentumalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to cover over? | oltumalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to cover over? | biztumalayallıqbızmı? tumalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to cover over? | siztumalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to cover over? | alatumalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to cover over? |
| Ability — future II | mentumalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to cover over? | sentumalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to cover over? | oltumalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to cover over? | biztumalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to cover over? | siztumalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to cover over? | alatumalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to cover over? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentumalayalır edimtumalayalır emI would be able to cover over | sentumalayalır ediŋtumalayalır eŋyou would be able to cover over | oltumalayalır editumalayalır edhe would be able to cover over | biztumalayalır ediktumalayalır ekwe would be able to cover over | siztumalayalır edigiztumalayalır egizyou all would be able to cover over | alatumalayalır ediletumalayalır ellethey would be able to cover over |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentumalayalmaz edimtumalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to cover over | sentumalayalmaz ediŋtumalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to cover over | oltumalayalmaz editumalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to cover over | biztumalayalmaz ediktumalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to cover over | siztumalayalmaz edigiztumalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to cover over | alatumalayalmaz ediletumalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to cover over |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentumalayalğıntumalayalğımay you be able to cover over | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentumalayalmağıntumalayalmağımay you not be able to cover over | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentumalarğa izleymeI want to cover over | sentumalarğa izleyseyou want to cover over | oltumalarğa izleydihe wants to cover over | biztumalarğa izleybizwe want to cover over | siztumalarğa izleysizyou all want to cover over | alatumalarğa izleydilethey want to cover over |
| want to | mentumalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to cover over | sentumalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to cover over | oltumalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to cover over | biztumalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to cover over | siztumalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to cover over | alatumalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to cover over |
| would like to | mentumalarğa süemeI would like to cover over | sentumalarğa süeseyou would like to cover over | oltumalarğa süedihe would like to cover over | biztumalarğa süebizwe would like to cover over | siztumalarğa süesizyou all would like to cover over | alatumalarğa süedilethey would like to cover over |
| would like to | mentumalarğa süymeymeI would not like to cover over | sentumalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to cover over | oltumalarğa süymeydihe would not like to cover over | biztumalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to cover over | siztumalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to cover over | alatumalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to cover over |
| hope to | mentumalarğa umutlanamaI hope to cover over | sentumalarğa umutlanasayou hope to cover over | oltumalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to cover over | biztumalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to cover over | siztumalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to cover over | alatumalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to cover over |
| hope to | mentumalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to cover over | sentumalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to cover over | oltumalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to cover over | biztumalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to cover over | siztumalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to cover over | alatumalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to cover over |
| be about to | mentumalarğa deb turamaI am about to cover over | sentumalarğa deb turasayou are about to cover over | oltumalarğa deb turadıhe is about to cover over | biztumalarğa deb turabızwe are about to cover over | siztumalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to cover over | alatumalarğa deb turadılathey are about to cover over |
| be about to | mentumalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to cover over | sentumalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to cover over | oltumalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to cover over | biztumalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to cover over | siztumalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to cover over | alatumalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to cover over |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentumalarğa kerekmeI need to cover over | sentumalarğa kerekseyou need to cover over | oltumalarğa kerekdihe needs to cover over | biztumalarğa kerekbizwe need to cover over | siztumalarğa kereksizyou all need to cover over | alatumalarğa kerekdilethey need to cover over |
| need to | mentumalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to cover over | sentumalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to cover over | oltumalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to cover over | biztumalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to cover over | siztumalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to cover over | alatumalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to cover over |
| have to | menmenŋe tumalarğa tüşediI have to cover over | sensenŋe tumalarğa tüşediyou have to cover over | olaŋa tumalarğa tüşedihe has to cover over | bizbizge tumalarğa tüşediwe have to cover over | sizsizge tumalarğa tüşediyou all have to cover over | alaalağa tumalarğa tüşedithey have to cover over |
| have to | menmenŋe tumalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to cover over | sensenŋe tumalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to cover over | olaŋa tumalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to cover over | bizbizge tumalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to cover over | sizsizge tumalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to cover over | alaalağa tumalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to cover over |
| be obliged to | mentumalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to cover over | sentumalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to cover over | oltumalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to cover over | biztumalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to cover over | siztumalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to cover over | alatumalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to cover over |
| be obliged to | mentumalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to cover over | sentumalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to cover over | oltumalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to cover over | biztumalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to cover over | siztumalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to cover over | alatumalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to cover over |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentumalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to cover over | sentumalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to cover over | oltumalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to cover over | biztumalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to cover over | siztumalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to cover over | alatumalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to cover over |
| have a way to | mentumalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to cover over | sentumalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to cover over | oltumalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to cover over | biztumalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to cover over | siztumalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to cover over | alatumalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to cover over |
| be free to | mentumalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to cover over | sentumalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to cover over | oltumalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to cover over | biztumalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to cover over | siztumalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to cover over | alatumalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to cover over |
| be free to | mentumalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to cover over | sentumalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to cover over | oltumalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to cover over | biztumalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to cover over | siztumalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to cover over | alatumalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to cover over |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tumalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to cover over | sensenŋe tumalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to cover over | olaŋa tumalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to cover over | bizbizge tumalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to cover over | sizsizge tumalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to cover over | alaalağa tumalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to cover over |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tumalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to cover over | sensenŋe tumalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to cover over | olaŋa tumalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to cover over | bizbizge tumalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to cover over | sizsizge tumalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to cover over | alaalağa tumalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to cover over |
| be ready to | mentumalarğa hazırmaI am ready to cover over | sentumalarğa hazırsayou are ready to cover over | oltumalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to cover over | biztumalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to cover over | siztumalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to cover over | alatumalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to cover over |
| be ready to | mentumalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to cover over | sentumalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to cover over | oltumalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to cover over | biztumalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to cover over | siztumalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to cover over | alatumalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to cover over |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentumalarğa küreşemeI am trying to cover over | sentumalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to cover over | oltumalarğa küreşedihe is trying to cover over | biztumalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to cover over | siztumalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to cover over | alatumalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to cover over |
| try to | mentumalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to cover over | sentumalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to cover over | oltumalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to cover over | biztumalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to cover over | siztumalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to cover over | alatumalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to cover over |
| agree to | mentumalarğa unaymaI agree to cover over | sentumalarğa unaysayou agree to cover over | oltumalarğa unaydıhe agrees to cover over | biztumalarğa unaybızwe agree to cover over | siztumalarğa unaysızyou all agree to cover over | alatumalarğa unaydılathey agree to cover over |
| agree to | mentumalarğa unamaymaI refuse to cover over | sentumalarğa unamaysayou refuse to cover over | oltumalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to cover over | biztumalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to cover over | siztumalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to cover over | alatumalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to cover over |
| hurry to | mentumalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to cover over | sentumalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to cover over | oltumalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to cover over | biztumalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to cover over | siztumalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to cover over | alatumalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to cover over |
| hurry to | mentumalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to cover over | sentumalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to cover over | oltumalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to cover over | biztumalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to cover over | siztumalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to cover over | alatumalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to cover over |
| be afraid to | mentumalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to cover over | sentumalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to cover over | oltumalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to cover over | biztumalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to cover over | siztumalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to cover over | alatumalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to cover over |
| be afraid to | mentumalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to cover over | sentumalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to cover over | oltumalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to cover over | biztumalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to cover over | siztumalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to cover over | alatumalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to cover over |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentumalay bolmazmaI can't be covering over | sentumalay bolmazsayou can't be covering over | oltumalay bolmazhe can't be covering over | biztumalay bolmazbızwe can't be covering over | siztumalay bolmazsızyou all can't be covering over | alatumalay bolmazlathey can't be covering over |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentumalamay bolmazmaI must be covering over (emphatic) | sentumalamay bolmazsayou must be covering over (emphatic) | oltumalamay bolmazhe must be covering over (emphatic) | biztumalamay bolmazbızwe must be covering over (emphatic) | siztumalamay bolmazsızyou all must be covering over (emphatic) | alatumalamay bolmazlathey must be covering over (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentumalay turmasamif I don't keep covering over | sentumalay turmasaŋif you don't keep covering over | oltumalay turmasaif he doesn't keep covering over | biztumalay turmasaqif we don't keep covering over | siztumalay turmasağızif you all don't keep covering over | alatumalay turmasalaif they don't keep covering over |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentumalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of covering over | sentumalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of covering over | oltumalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of covering over | biztumalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of covering over | siztumalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of covering over | alatumalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of covering over |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentumalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not covering over (emphatic) | sentumalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not covering over (emphatic) | oltumalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not covering over (emphatic) | biztumalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not covering over (emphatic) | siztumalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not covering over (emphatic) | alatumalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not covering over (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentumalamay turamaI keep on not covering over | sentumalamay turasayou keep on not covering over | oltumalamay turadıhe keeps on not covering over | biztumalamay turabızwe keep on not covering over | siztumalamay turasızyou all keep on not covering over | alatumalamay turadılathey keep on not covering over |
| Progressive — double negation | mentumalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not covering over | sentumalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not covering over | oltumalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not covering over | biztumalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not covering over | siztumalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not covering over | alatumalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not covering over |
| Progressive — double negation | mentumalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not covering over? | sentumalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not covering over? | oltumalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not covering over? | biztumalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not covering over? | siztumalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not covering over? | alatumalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not covering over? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentumalağan bolmazmaI can't have covered over | sentumalağan bolmazsayou can't have covered over | oltumalağan bolmazhe can't have covered over | biztumalağan bolmazbızwe can't have covered over | siztumalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have covered over | alatumalağan bolmazlathey can't have covered over |
| Inference — double negation | mentumalamağan bolmazmaI must have covered over (emphatic) | sentumalamağan bolmazsayou must have covered over (emphatic) | oltumalamağan bolmazhe must have covered over (emphatic) | biztumalamağan bolmazbızwe must have covered over (emphatic) | siztumalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have covered over (emphatic) | alatumalamağan bolmazlathey must have covered over (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentumalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had covered over | sentumalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had covered over | oltumalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had covered over | biztumalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had covered over | siztumalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had covered over | alatumalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had covered over |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentumalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't covered over | sentumalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't covered over | oltumalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't covered over | biztumalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't covered over | siztumalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't covered over | alatumalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't covered over |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentumalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to cover over | sentumalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to cover over | oltumalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to cover over | biztumalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to cover over | siztumalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to cover over | alatumalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to cover over |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentumalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to cover over (emphatic) | sentumalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to cover over (emphatic) | oltumalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to cover over (emphatic) | biztumalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to cover over (emphatic) | siztumalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to cover over (emphatic) | alatumalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to cover over (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentumalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to cover over | sentumalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to cover over | oltumalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to cover over | biztumalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to cover over | siztumalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to cover over | alatumalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to cover over |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentumalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to cover over | sentumalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to cover over | oltumalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to cover over | biztumalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to cover over | siztumalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to cover over | alatumalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to cover over |